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CIDEC
Mohammad Reza Ahanchian Visiting scholar,
Faculty of Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Developing school leadership in a centralized educational system: A
case study of Iran
1. Reviewing the context of education in Iran (Which special national qualities have an impact on education?) 2. Reviewing Iran’s education system (Could Iran’s education system be considered as a centralized system?) 3. School leadership development in Iran (What are the main activities for developing Iranian school leaders?)
Presentation objectives:
National characteristics that have the most
significant contribution to make to the context are:
History Geography Economy
Reviewing the context of education in Iran
• Persian empire
• Middle Age
• Pre-industry
• Modernized
• Physical
• Human
Persian empire (559 BC to 651 AC): The main religion was Zoroastrianism, when various races
and ethics were unified as a nation
Ancient Iran
Impact: Multiculturalism
Pre-industrial Iran
While governors were
concerned against
external threats and
internal disorders they
took in the European
progress model.
Impact:
Establishing modern institutes
[The first Western style of Universities Dar-ul-
Funun (Persian), (English: Polytechnic), established
in 1851]
Two main factors accelerated Iran’s movement
toward Modernization:
1) Discovering Oil;
2) National ambition for being a developed
country.
Reviewing the context of education in Iran
• Persian empire
• Middle Age
• Pre-industry
• Modernized
• Physical
• Human
Land Iran ranks eighteenth in size
among world countries.
Impact:
The student population is distributed
with irregular pattern:
low density in rural areas and small towns
high density in large cities
I
.
.
Climate
° °
Impact
While in the west
and northwest
schools are closed
due to cold
weather and snow,
in the south
students enjoy
going to school in a
nice weather.
Population
Impact
The unstable rate of population
growth has caused unexpected
outcomes for educational planning.
Linguistic varieties
Impact
At the first years of
schools, students whose
mother language is not
Farsi are engaged with
learning a new
language.
Iran has always been a country of rich religious
diversity. Several religions have originated from
ancient Iran like Mithraism and Zoroastrianism.
Islam (Shi’a) is formal religion where there are
three religions recognized by the government as:
Zoroastrianism, Christianity & Judaism.
Reviewing the context of education in Iran
• Persian empire
• Middle Age
• Pre-industry
• Modernized
• Physical
• Human
Economy Iran is the second largest economy in the Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) region after Saudi
Arabia, with an estimated Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of USD 366 billion in 2013-14.
Iran is holding the 32 position by nominal GDP.
Impact
Government’s economy is
dependent on Oil, and the
education system’s budget is
dependent on the government.
Administration
The highest authority for educational legislation and policy making is the Supreme Council of Education
The nominated minister must be approved by Parliament
The provincial administrator is appointed by the education minister: same mechanism relying on the hierarchy
City councils and parents cannot intervene in this procedure
Schools and education districts are obliged to implement the predetermined programs under the unified rules
Ministry of Education
Provincial adminstration
Municipal adiminstration
Local adiminstration
Schools
The structure of education in Iran: Reformed in 2012
Level School Grade Age Curriculum core
Primary education
Pre-school Grade 1 6 Learning units for: Language; Religion; Arts;
Nature; Community; Physical education Grade 2 7
Elementary school
Grade 3 8 Math & Science (25%); Farsi Language Studies (20%); Religious Studies (20%); Social Studies (12%); Health and Sport (8%); Arts (8%); Research & Technology (7%)
Grade 4 9
Grade 5 10
Grade 6 11
Secondary education
Junior high school
Grade 7 12 Math & Science (25%); Farsi Language Studies (20%) ; Religious Studies (20%); Social Studies (20%); Foreign Languages (10%); Physical Ed. (2%); Others (3%)
Grade 8 13
Grade 9 14
Senior high school
Grade 10 15
Thre
e
Cat
ego
rie
s Humanities & Social studies
Grade 11 16 Math & Physics-oriented studies
Grade 12 17 Biochemistry-oriented studies Technological &
Vocational schools
Grade 10 15
Thre
e
Cat
ego
rie
s Agriculture-oriented education
Grade 11 16 Industry-oriented education
Grade 12 17 Services-oriented education
Tertiary education
Higher Education Institutes
Bachelor 18 Various categories and programs in various HR Institutions and universities Master 22
PhD 24
More information 3
Basic ratios 1: Student/school
12400000 students study in 105000 schools across the nation (2013-2014)
Student/school ratio: 118
105000 schools (2013-2014)
Primary schools 59000 56%
JH Schools 23500 22%
SH Schools 14800 14%
T&V Schools 7000 7%
105000 school Public schools 91000 Student/school ratio: 122
Private schools 14000 Student/school ratio: 93
More information 4 Baisc ratios 2: Student/teacher
12400000 students
Primary schools 6900000 56%
JH Schools 2200000 18%
SH and T&V Schools 3300000 26%
12400000 students Public schools 11,100,000 89.5% (About 9 out of 10 student)
Private schools 1,300,000 10.5% (About 1 out of 10 student)
1015000 personnel Female 535000 53%
Male 480000 47%
1015000 Personnel:
Primary school teachers 358000 Student/teacher ratio: 19.2
JHS teachers 232000 Student/teacher ratio: 9.5
SHS teachers 307000 Student/teacher ratio: 10.7
Administrative staff 61000 -
Others 57000 -
Student/education system personnel ratio: 11.5
More information 6 General data
Farsi (Persian) as the first language, is the official and the only language of education
1
2
3
Transportation is not a formal responsibility for schools, but it when paid can be provided. principals control the quality of transportation.
6
More information 6 General data
Generally teachers who can occupy the principal posts relied on their common sense, innate abilities, and teaching experience to perform their tasks.
Informal
Formal
&
Education system builds certain ways in which school leaders can be developed faster and more effective.
Formal/organizational way
They are two main programs:
Non-training
Training
&
Please be aware of
the following
conditions:
All pictures are
from Internet
sources;
This PowerPoint is
created for CIDEC
seminar use only