Development and Development and humanitarian coordination humanitarian coordination issues to be considered in issues to be considered in

KaramojaKaramojaUN OCHA PresentationUN OCHA Presentation

Issues of Pastoralism Conference- Leuphana Issues of Pastoralism Conference- Leuphana University,Luneberg, 24University,Luneberg, 24thth October 2008 October 2008

OverviewOverview

• Development and humanitarian context

• Issues of current concern

• Coordination matters

• Humanitarian and development advocacy

Context 1Context 1

• Karamoja- a region with the worst development indicators in Uganda with access to services poorer than many of the IDP camps in northern Uganda.

• An agro- pastoralist area which is politically and economically marginalised.• 80% of the population living in poverty• 11% o f the population – literate• Highest HIV infection rates in Uganda• Highest levels of infant and maternal mortality in Uganda• Child malnutrition in Kaabong, Moroto and Nakapiripirit has been over the

WHO emergency threshold of 10% in 2007-8. • 700, 000 people on food aid in 2008• Increasingly frequent climatic shocks – exacerbating food security• Chronic insecurity as a result of cattle raiding, high levels of small arms

ownership and punitive army operations. High levels of gender based violence.

Context 2Context 2

• The 5 districts of Karamoja suffer severe shortages of technical staff and a weak civil society presence.

• Low levels of private sector and infrastructure development.

• The people of Karamoja are considered to be the least informed population within Uganda

• 9 UN agencies present – very small INGO presence.

• Inchoate policy arena – PRDP and the KIDDP

Abim Kaabong Kotido Moroto Naka- piripirit

GAM* 8.3 9.1 6.3 15.6 15.1 SAM* 1.0 2.6 0.2 2.0 2.2

FEB 2008MOH,UNICEF,WFP assessment in 5 districts

10.9% GAM for all region but Moroto and Nakapiripirit extremely high

for that time of year at >15% GAM

APRIL 2008MSF-Spain rapid assessment

in Moroto and NakapiripiritGAM 18% , SAM 3%

JUNE 2008 MSF-H supported by

UNICEFlarge-scale screening

Weight for Height and Z-Score

10 Locations, 5330 children9.5% SAM

Less than 1% with complications

No Screened No of cases of SAM

Rupa 830 115 Iriri 1050 71 Lotome 621 104 Lopotuk 403 59 Lorengechora 958 42 Nadunget 615 69 Amadek 704 35 Nabwal 149 12 TOTAL 5330 507

* Data as reported on J uly 6th, 2008

Emergency Levels of UndernutritionEmergency Levels of Undernutrition

Causes of Acute MalnutritionCauses of Acute Malnutrition

• Karamoja is structurally vulnerable to humanitarian crises due to underdevelopment

• But focus is on the immediate crisis and its causes – inadequate dietary intake and disease

Context 2Context 2

• The 5 districts of Karamoja suffer severe shortages of technical staff and a weak civil society presence.

• Low levels of private sector and infrastructure development.

• The people of Karamoja are considered to be the least informed population within Uganda

• 9 UN agencies present – very small INGO presence.

• Inchoate policy arena – PRDP and the KIDDP

Issues of concernIssues of concern

• Increased regularity of droughts• High dependence on food aid – possibly 90% of the population will

need food aid in 2009• Demographic pressures and urbanisation• Insufficient investment in key services including livestock• Out- migration• Weak local government presence in many districts – inadequate

judicial structures, shortages of key staff in health, livestock,education. (“ militarisation” of civil justice).

• Marginalisation of traditional structures• A range of protection and human rights concerns – deaths and

abductions in cattle raids, army cordon and search operations, detentions of youths, migration constraints, protected kraals, gender based violence

Coordination in KaramojaCoordination in Karamoja

• Coordination is an essential activity to:• To enhance development and humanitarian planning• To highlight the needs of vulnerable groups• To assess gaps in service delivery• To promote advocacy and to secure funds• Districts are expected to lead on coordination – in Karamoja this is

only a partial success mainly as result of inadequate capacity.• Under the UN Humanitarian Reform Programme, Uganda became a

pilot programme where cluster coordination was introduced. This has also been only a partial success in Karamoja.

• Key coordination structure is the DDMC – meetings are being held more frequently – between District officials, UN and NGOs

• Sector/cluster coordination – working in some sectors in some districts, but there remain significant gaps.

Humanitarian and development Humanitarian and development advocacyadvocacy

• Some priorities:• The need to raise the profile of Karamoja in Uganda and

internationally.• Consolidated Appeal (CAP)• Developing data – Who does what where? , assessments, analysis• The need to encourage more investment in key livelihood areas

such as livestock support and agricultural settlement• Adapt service delivery to pastoralist movement – education and

health care• To strengthen protection systems.• Improve the engagement between Karamojong political and social

structures with policy makers and development agencies