Development and Development and humanitarian coordination humanitarian coordination issues to be considered in issues to be considered in
KaramojaKaramojaUN OCHA PresentationUN OCHA Presentation
Issues of Pastoralism Conference- Leuphana Issues of Pastoralism Conference- Leuphana University,Luneberg, 24University,Luneberg, 24thth October 2008 October 2008
OverviewOverview
• Development and humanitarian context
• Issues of current concern
• Coordination matters
• Humanitarian and development advocacy
Context 1Context 1
• Karamoja- a region with the worst development indicators in Uganda with access to services poorer than many of the IDP camps in northern Uganda.
• An agro- pastoralist area which is politically and economically marginalised.• 80% of the population living in poverty• 11% o f the population – literate• Highest HIV infection rates in Uganda• Highest levels of infant and maternal mortality in Uganda• Child malnutrition in Kaabong, Moroto and Nakapiripirit has been over the
WHO emergency threshold of 10% in 2007-8. • 700, 000 people on food aid in 2008• Increasingly frequent climatic shocks – exacerbating food security• Chronic insecurity as a result of cattle raiding, high levels of small arms
ownership and punitive army operations. High levels of gender based violence.
Context 2Context 2
• The 5 districts of Karamoja suffer severe shortages of technical staff and a weak civil society presence.
• Low levels of private sector and infrastructure development.
• The people of Karamoja are considered to be the least informed population within Uganda
• 9 UN agencies present – very small INGO presence.
• Inchoate policy arena – PRDP and the KIDDP
Abim Kaabong Kotido Moroto Naka- piripirit
GAM* 8.3 9.1 6.3 15.6 15.1 SAM* 1.0 2.6 0.2 2.0 2.2
FEB 2008MOH,UNICEF,WFP assessment in 5 districts
10.9% GAM for all region but Moroto and Nakapiripirit extremely high
for that time of year at >15% GAM
APRIL 2008MSF-Spain rapid assessment
in Moroto and NakapiripiritGAM 18% , SAM 3%
JUNE 2008 MSF-H supported by
UNICEFlarge-scale screening
Weight for Height and Z-Score
10 Locations, 5330 children9.5% SAM
Less than 1% with complications
No Screened No of cases of SAM
Rupa 830 115 Iriri 1050 71 Lotome 621 104 Lopotuk 403 59 Lorengechora 958 42 Nadunget 615 69 Amadek 704 35 Nabwal 149 12 TOTAL 5330 507
* Data as reported on J uly 6th, 2008
Emergency Levels of UndernutritionEmergency Levels of Undernutrition
Causes of Acute MalnutritionCauses of Acute Malnutrition
• Karamoja is structurally vulnerable to humanitarian crises due to underdevelopment
• But focus is on the immediate crisis and its causes – inadequate dietary intake and disease
Context 2Context 2
• The 5 districts of Karamoja suffer severe shortages of technical staff and a weak civil society presence.
• Low levels of private sector and infrastructure development.
• The people of Karamoja are considered to be the least informed population within Uganda
• 9 UN agencies present – very small INGO presence.
• Inchoate policy arena – PRDP and the KIDDP
Issues of concernIssues of concern
• Increased regularity of droughts• High dependence on food aid – possibly 90% of the population will
need food aid in 2009• Demographic pressures and urbanisation• Insufficient investment in key services including livestock• Out- migration• Weak local government presence in many districts – inadequate
judicial structures, shortages of key staff in health, livestock,education. (“ militarisation” of civil justice).
• Marginalisation of traditional structures• A range of protection and human rights concerns – deaths and
abductions in cattle raids, army cordon and search operations, detentions of youths, migration constraints, protected kraals, gender based violence
Coordination in KaramojaCoordination in Karamoja
• Coordination is an essential activity to:• To enhance development and humanitarian planning• To highlight the needs of vulnerable groups• To assess gaps in service delivery• To promote advocacy and to secure funds• Districts are expected to lead on coordination – in Karamoja this is
only a partial success mainly as result of inadequate capacity.• Under the UN Humanitarian Reform Programme, Uganda became a
pilot programme where cluster coordination was introduced. This has also been only a partial success in Karamoja.
• Key coordination structure is the DDMC – meetings are being held more frequently – between District officials, UN and NGOs
• Sector/cluster coordination – working in some sectors in some districts, but there remain significant gaps.
Humanitarian and development Humanitarian and development advocacyadvocacy
• Some priorities:• The need to raise the profile of Karamoja in Uganda and
internationally.• Consolidated Appeal (CAP)• Developing data – Who does what where? , assessments, analysis• The need to encourage more investment in key livelihood areas
such as livestock support and agricultural settlement• Adapt service delivery to pastoralist movement – education and
health care• To strengthen protection systems.• Improve the engagement between Karamojong political and social
structures with policy makers and development agencies