Upload
anabel-sims
View
216
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
AgendaAgenda
I.I. Problems of IP network and solutionsProblems of IP network and solutions
II.II. Technology and practice of network convergenceTechnology and practice of network convergence
III.III. Debates on network neutrality and implicationsDebates on network neutrality and implications
A
B
C
D
E
Problem of router technology Unable to monitor, no awareness of the real-time status of the network
Unable to exchange real-time information about network status between routers
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) algorithm of IP network can only be conducted based on the static topology database of the network
i.e. no Traffic Engineering (TE), no Operation Administration Management (OAM) and resource management function
Problems of IP networkProblems of IP network
UncontrollableUncontrollable UnmanageableUnmanageable Unable to guarantee QoS for real-time servicesUnable to guarantee QoS for real-time services Security issueSecurity issue Scalability issueScalability issue
I. I. Problems of IP network and solutionsProblems of IP network and solutions
TE & OAM
OSPFrouter
Solution:
Adding TE, OAM and MPLS resource management functions in router
To find out the situation of network resources: trunk line bandwidth, node ports, switching capacity, queuing statistics and the path determined by network topology, etc.
The capability to timely adjust network resources when fault or congestion or new resource call occurs amidst operation of the network
To allow for allocation of correspondent resources for every category of services born over the network through enhanced DS-TE technology, enabling definition of different service level in a LSP
Enable IP network a controllable, manageable and intelligent network that can guarantee QoS.
1) Adding MPLS OAM function to transmit information about network operation and maintenance status
Detecting operation status of each LSP Detecting the utilization rate of each LSP, and bandwidth occupation of each
type of service Detecting the end-to-end latency of each LSP MPLS L2 OAM and ATM OAM constitute comprehensive end-to-end OAM,
providing for services such as MPLS core network bearing ATM FR and circuit emulation
2) Adding MPLS quick trouble-shooting and switch fail to safe capability Enabling quick trouble-shooting by adding two-way failure testing Bidirection
al Detection of Failure (BDF) capability3) Adding call access control (CAC)4) Expanding OSPF algorithm to constraint-based shortest path first (CSPF) algorithm5) Others
Graceful restart of MPLS Routing engine graceful switching (REGS) Online software upgrade (ISSU)
The technology plan of router alteration beThe technology plan of router alteration be
gins to be accepted by the industrygins to be accepted by the industry
The technology plan of adding The technology plan of adding TE/OAMTE/OAM caca
pability in router has been adopted by indupability in router has been adopted by indu
stry leaders like stry leaders like CISCO CISCO andand JUNIPER JUNIPER
This year, the This year, the BFDBFD standard that standard that CISCO CISCO aa
ndnd JUNIPER will JUNIPER will jointlyjointly submit to IETF submit to IETF is is
a key component of a key component of TE/OAMTE/OAM (see right) (see right)
The industry has widely recognized the plaThe industry has widely recognized the pla
n. n. Huawei Huawei is also redesign its equipment acis also redesign its equipment ac
cording to this idea.cording to this idea.
CISCOJuly, 2005
The above technology has been adopted by manufacturerThe above technology has been adopted by manufacturer
(1) Improvement of (1) Improvement of fibrefibre optical transport network is the foundation fo optical transport network is the foundation for convergencer convergence
(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence
(3) Core service network is the engine for convergence(3) Core service network is the engine for convergence
(4) Metro Area Network and Access Network are guarantee for conve(4) Metro Area Network and Access Network are guarantee for convergencergence
2. Technology and practice of 2. Technology and practice of network convergencenetwork convergence
(1) Improvement of fibre optical transport network (1) Improvement of fibre optical transport network is the foundation for convergenceis the foundation for convergence
Convergence of networks and services makes the unpredictability of traffic and uncertain of growth
more salient;
Migrating from static transport network to intelligent dynamic network with features such as cross
connecting, signaling, switching, allowing for dynamic bandwidth allocation and multi-service;
The combination of ASON and IP technology enables migration of traditional complicated multi-
layer network and migration to a network with simple and flat structure;
Unified transport administrative system with stronger intelligence.
Legend: NE- network element (networked equipment)
Support
NE
NE
NESub-network 1
NE
NENENE
NE NE
NE
User-aware network互联网Internet
Fixed line network
Data network
Mobile netowrk
Video network
Sub-network 2
Sub-network 3
Most of the telecom operators choose to formulate their own standards and require equipment vendors to be adapted to them. This is difficult because the design of vendors’ equipment is already finalized.
Vendor 2 Vendor 1
Vendor 3
Vendor 4
Eliminating the heterogeneity of network through interface adaptation and virtual network element technology
Virtual network element is a functional component delivered by software. Unified and intelligent management of equipment from various vendors is realized through allocation of virtual network elements.
NENE
NE NE NENE
NE
NENENE
Layer of transmission
EA SNMA EMAEA EA
Layer of adaptation
VNE VNE
VNEVNE
VNE
VNEVNE
VNE
VNE
VNE
Layer of intelligent management
Legends:
NE- network element (networked equipment); SNMA- sub-network management adaptor; EMA- Network element management adaptor; VNE- Virtual Network Element; EA- Network Element Adaptor
• Leveraging the potential of network management by using case-based root cause analysis
Fault presentation and handling
Filtration
Network
Root cause analysis
Quick and accurate trouble-shooting through multi-stage filtration and expert database.
NE
NE
NE NE
NE
NE
Root cause analysis engineExpert
database
FilterAlarm inf
or
Resource poolProvision
information
Threshold
Perfor infor
Line failure
Network element failure
circuit-based service failure
Customer-related failure
100%
40%
0.3%
Background of network convergence
Video network
Voice network
Mobile data network
Traditional data network
Currently separated networks Integrated bearing network
多种业务接入
Network control point
EvolutionEvolution
One network for one service, multiple networks for multiple services
A unified network platform delivering multiple services
Internet
Video network
Mobile data networkInternet
Traditional data network
Voice network
?
(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence(2) Bearing network is the key for convergence
1970’s 1980’s 1990’s today
Based on circuit switch Based on router Based on ATM • Packet technology• Multiservice• Function separation quality of service• equal access• wide mobility• …
ISDN InternetB- ISDN NGN
Roadmap of convergence in telecom and IT sector in the last several decades
Delivering multi-service through multiple logic Virtual Private Networks over a unified network platform
Each VPN defines its own QoS class and route table based on the service
VPNs are separated from each other, solving the reliability problem
Convergence of services is achieved for telecom, computer and video networks, providing a feasible technological approach for convergence of networks
Convergence of networks is achieved for the first time for voice, video, Internet, data and CDMA 1X in 330 cities across the country
How multiple service networks simultaneously operating How multiple service networks simultaneously operating on one single physical platformon one single physical platform
A study shows that international telecom operators converged their networks in 2004-2006. “Multiservice Unified Network Platform” achieved network convergence in 2000, about 4 years in advance.
A study shows that international telecom operators converged their networks in 2004-2006. “Multiservice Unified Network Platform” achieved network convergence in 2000, about 4 years in advance.
Most telecom companies realize network convergence through the same technological approach
Yankee Group found out in a report in 2004 that 17 out of the world’s top 20 telecom companies had begun to adopt IP/MPLS as their solution for network convergence.
IP
ATM
PSTN
DSLKStream
PSTN DPCN
PDH
Fibre
Copper
DWSS
ASDH
EndUser
~5knodes
~2knodes
~400nodes
~100nodes
~15nodes
MSH -SDH
~1knodes
Mesh -SDH
Inter-node transmission provided by SDH/PDH platforms
CWSS
ROW &
Other Networks
Current multi-service and multiple network structure of BT
Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve
BT’s 21 century network is evolving by leveraging IP/MPLS
IP
PSTN
DSL
PSTN
Fibre &Copper
Copper
Agg Box
EndUser
~5knodes
~400nodes
~100nodes
MSH -SDH
~1knodes
Inter-node transmission
provided by SDH platform
Call Server
ASDH derivative agg.box relieves PDH
ROW &
Other Networks
Evolution: number of networks gradually decreases
Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve
IP-MPLS-WDMDSL
Fibre &Copper
Copper
Agg Box
EndUser
~5knodes
~100nodes
Class 5 Call Server
GFP on SDH
Content
WWW
ISPPSTN services migrate to IP
ROW &
Other Networks
Objective of evolution: to realize network convergence
Source: BT CTO Mick Reeve
Solving vertically separate service system and realizing complete layered convergence
Vertically separate service bodiesIMS
Unified resources: shared data, Unified resources: shared data, single user profile, comprehensive single user profile, comprehensive customer experiencecustomer experience
Unified resources: shared data, Unified resources: shared data, single user profile, comprehensive single user profile, comprehensive customer experiencecustomer experience
Unified session controlUnified session controlUnified session controlUnified session control
Independent accessIndependent access• Multiservice solution• supporting global roaming• Service robust and continuity
Independent accessIndependent access• Multiservice solution• supporting global roaming• Service robust and continuity
Simplified and converged applicationsSimplified and converged applications• same application for different networks• application separate from network• Driving down development and delivery cost
Simplified and converged applicationsSimplified and converged applications• same application for different networks• application separate from network• Driving down development and delivery cost
SESSION
IM VoIP VoD
… …
(3) service network is engine for convergence(3) service network is engine for convergence
Trend of evolution of soft switch – evolving toward the next generation network with IMS as its core
Consolidated SoftSwitch ModelConsolidated SoftSwitch Model 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Model3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Model
– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party app support party app support– Custom hardware/softwareCustom hardware/software– No IP SupportNo IP Support– Bearer follows signalingBearer follows signaling
– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party app support party app support– Custom hardware/softwareCustom hardware/software– No IP SupportNo IP Support– Bearer follows signalingBearer follows signaling
Traditional Switch ModelTraditional Switch Model
– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party API standardization party API standardization– 33rdrd party application interactions limited by party application interactions limited by embedded services/call model embedded services/call model– Internal element integration limits deployment optionsInternal element integration limits deployment options
– Limited 3Limited 3rdrd party API standardization party API standardization– 33rdrd party application interactions limited by party application interactions limited by embedded services/call model embedded services/call model– Internal element integration limits deployment optionsInternal element integration limits deployment options
+ Call control separate from bearerCall control separate from bearer+ IP and multi-media enabledIP and multi-media enabled+ Commodity hardware and standardized interfacesCommodity hardware and standardized interfaces+ Better 3Better 3rdrd party application support party application support
+ Call control separate from bearerCall control separate from bearer+ IP and multi-media enabledIP and multi-media enabled+ Commodity hardware and standardized interfacesCommodity hardware and standardized interfaces+ Better 3Better 3rdrd party application support party application support
+ Further decomposition / deployable elementsFurther decomposition / deployable elements+ Flexible data driven session controlFlexible data driven session control+ Standardized SIP interfacesStandardized SIP interfaces+ Standardized, flexible, application supportStandardized, flexible, application support+ Common subscriber dataCommon subscriber data
+ Further decomposition / deployable elementsFurther decomposition / deployable elements+ Flexible data driven session controlFlexible data driven session control+ Standardized SIP interfacesStandardized SIP interfaces+ Standardized, flexible, application supportStandardized, flexible, application support+ Common subscriber dataCommon subscriber data
H.248/MEGACO
JTAPI, Parlay,& Proprietary
SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway
SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway
EmbeddedEmbeddedServicesServices
EmbeddedEmbeddedServicesServices
MediaMediaGatewayGatewayMediaMedia
GatewayGateway
Call Call ControlControl
Call Call ControlControl
Media GW Media GW ControllerControllerMedia GW Media GW ControllerController
AppAppServersServers
AppAppServersServers
SubscriberSubscriberDataData
WirelineWireline
SubscriberSubscriberDataData
WirelessWireless
SIP, H.323,& MGCP
AnalogCircuit Wireless
IPEndpoints
IPIPIPIP
MGCFMGCF
H.248
SIP
SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway
SignallingSignallingGatewayGateway
MediaMediaGatewayGatewayMediaMedia
GatewayGateway
Session ControlSession ControlCSCFCSCF
Session ControlSession ControlCSCFCSCF
Media GW Media GW ControllerControllerMedia GW Media GW ControllerController
AppAppServersServers
AppAppServersServersSubscriberSubscriber
DataData
SIP
AnalogCircuit WirelessSIP Endpoints
AppAppServersServers
AppAppServersServersAppApp
ServersServersAppApp
ServersServers
SIP
IPIPIPIP
IN, AIN,& Camel
SignallingSignallingSignallingSignalling
FeaturesFeaturesFeaturesFeatures
SwitchSwitchFabricFabricSwitchSwitchFabricFabric
Call Call ControlControl
Call Call ControlControl
Bearer Bearer Path Path
ControlControl
Bearer Bearer Path Path
ControlControl
IN IN ServicesServices
IN IN ServicesServices
SubscriberSubscriberDataData
WirelineWireline
SubscriberSubscriberDataData
WirelessWireless
AnalogCircuit Wireless
XML
Control structure: (CCM) + service access control point (SACP)
(4) MAN and Access Network are guarantee for convergence(4) MAN and Access Network are guarantee for convergence
A. Structure, authentication, billing and security system of MANA. Structure, authentication, billing and security system of MAN
B. New development of MAN – telecom class B. New development of MAN – telecom class EthernetEthernet
MEF – Ethernet Characteristics
MEF – Architecture Framework/Reference Points Model
Subscriber
Public Service /Transport Networks
UNI NNIMetro Ethernet Network
(MEN)
What if I told you Scalability, Demarcation, Resiliency, TE-like tunneling and OAM were achievable without:
• Adding MPLS control plane• Keep low cost point near native Ethernet
Working inwardfrom the edge
Working outwardfrom the core
Making it worktogether
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) is a new standard developed in North America and
Europe, designed to realize integration of WLAN, Bluetooth and mobile network. It can
transmit CDMA and GSM voice and data through wireless technologies like WLAN and
Bluetooth which do not require frequency license.
C. Convergence of wireless and wired accessC. Convergence of wireless and wired access
Two major acquisitions in recent years in the U.S. telecom sector were designed to realize full-service operation.
SBC acquires AT&T: SBC, which controlled Cingular Wireless, acquired data and long-distance service provider AT&T, becoming the largest comprehensive service provider in the U.S.
Verizon acquires MCI: Verizon, which owns both fixed line and mobile business, acquired MCI, the second largest long-distance and data service provider, strengthening its capability in these areas.
U.S.: convergence of mobile and fixed line – capital market in actionU.S.: convergence of mobile and fixed line – capital market in action
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMAUnlicensed Mobile Access (UMA))
The advantage of wire line is high bandwidth and abundant resources, while wireless communications can deliver mobility and convenience. The convergence of mobile and fixed line can leverage the advantages of both.
Converged cell phone
Base station
VoIP Gateway
PSTN
Cellular (GSM)
Bluetooth WiFi
BroadbandLink
PSTN Link
NTE
ADSL NTE
or
BluePhoneAccess point
Wired broadband is limitless: Since 1980s, the bandwidth of fibre communications has grown 10 times every 5 years, price decreased by 50% every 3 years, showing immense potential.
Wireless bandwidth is limited, but its application is limitless: the available radio frequency resources are limited and will be increasingly scare.
In June 2004, several world’s leading telecom operators established a global alliance – Fixed and Mobile Convergence Alliance, to promote converged services. Members of the alliance include DoCoMo, BT, Cegetel, KT, Swisscom and Telstra, etc. Included in the alliance are both wired phone companies and mobile giants, which are seeking win-win cooperation.
III. Implications of debates on network III. Implications of debates on network neutralityneutrality
1. Background of network neutrality1. Background of network neutrality
On 8 June 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives rejected the Democrat-backed concept of Net On 8 June 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives rejected the Democrat-backed concept of Net neutrality, dealing a bitter blow to Internet companies like Amazon.com, eBay and Google that had neutrality, dealing a bitter blow to Internet companies like Amazon.com, eBay and Google that had engaged in campaigns to support it. But the story did not stop here. The opposing two sides were lobbying engaged in campaigns to support it. But the story did not stop here. The opposing two sides were lobbying the Congress very hard, attempting to get a favorable legal environment for them. The controversy over Net the Congress very hard, attempting to get a favorable legal environment for them. The controversy over Net neutrality will be a significant game for communications and information industry since the Internet was neutrality will be a significant game for communications and information industry since the Internet was invented, and has a bearing on the interest of the information industry. ICPs and VoIP service providers invented, and has a bearing on the interest of the information industry. ICPs and VoIP service providers supported legislation of Net neutrality, as they are afraid that their services might be discriminated by supported legislation of Net neutrality, as they are afraid that their services might be discriminated by network providers.network providers.
Broadband providers, such as large telecom and cable TV companies, were against legislation of Net Broadband providers, such as large telecom and cable TV companies, were against legislation of Net neutrality, saying they will not suffocate any website or service, and they only want to maintain the right to neutrality, saying they will not suffocate any website or service, and they only want to maintain the right to charge the "expressway." Broadband providers have spent billions of dollars in upgrading their networks. charge the "expressway." Broadband providers have spent billions of dollars in upgrading their networks. Verizon and their supporters said the concern about network neutrality is unnecessary, and the legislation Verizon and their supporters said the concern about network neutrality is unnecessary, and the legislation will discourage their incentive to invest in broadband.will discourage their incentive to invest in broadband.
Broadband companies and content providers left no stone unturned to lobby in Washington over the Broadband companies and content providers left no stone unturned to lobby in Washington over the network neutrality legislation. But broadband providers were three times more generous than content network neutrality legislation. But broadband providers were three times more generous than content providers. Companies like AT&T spent $230.9 million in lobbying Congressmen since 1998, while providers. Companies like AT&T spent $230.9 million in lobbying Congressmen since 1998, while Google, Amazon and their supporters spent $71.2 million.Google, Amazon and their supporters spent $71.2 million.
2. Implications for us2. Implications for usIt is imperative that telecom operators step up technological innovation and upgrade their network to It is imperative that telecom operators step up technological innovation and upgrade their network to
address new challenges.address new challenges.