Dhatu Varga & Suvarna

Yogesh Shivaji Chavan

Nirukti धा�तु�र्� लोहे� लो�हे इतितु मतु� सोऽति� कर्षा��र्थ�वा�ची�॥ “Luh” – to attract / extract Since metals are obtained by attracting

/extracting them from ores.

धा�र्णा�तु� धा�तुवा: । As they provide support to the body.

वालो��लिलोतु खा�लिलोत्य क�र्श्याय��बल्यजर्�मय�न्� ।तिन्वा�य� दधातु� द�हे' न्(णा� तुद� धा�तुवा मतु�: ॥AP3/2

Substance which stops ageing & provides stability.

Metals in Vedas

Atharva veda- 4 Suvarna - Harita Silver - Rajata Copper - Lohitamaya loha Iron - Syamamaya loha

Yajurveda- Suvarna -Hiranya Iron -Ayasa Wrought Iron -Syama Pig Iron -Loha Lead -Sisa Tin -Trapu

In Sushruta samhita- (Su.S.38/62) Described under Trapvadi gana-

lead, copper, tin, silver, black iron, gold.

Rasarnava (6)

Rasahrdayatantra (8)

Ayurveda prakasha (7)

Bhavaprakasha (6)

Sharangdhara (9)

RRS/RC/RPS (8)

Gold Gold Gold Gold Swarna Swarna

Silver Silver Silver Silver Rajata Rajata

Copper Copper Copper Copper Tamra Loha

Iron Iron Iron Iron Tiksna loha

Naga

Lead Lead Lead Lead Naga Vanga

Tin Tin Tin Tin Vanga Pittala

Brass Zinc Pittala Kamsya

Magnetite Kamsya Varta loha

Kanta loha

Classification of Metals Rasarnava-

Sara loha - Gold, SilverSadharana loha - Iron, CopperPuti loha - Lead, Tin

RRS- Shuddha loha - Gold, Silver, IronPuti laha - Naga, VangaMisra loha - Pittala, Kamsya, Varta

Utpatti of Dhatus

Suvarna from agni (Agnivirya) Rajata from moon. Tamra from Surya(sun). Vanga from body of Indra. Lead from Vasuki naga. Iron from body of Yama.

Graha relation of dhatus (S.S.)

Tamra - Surya -Sun Rajata -Chandra -Moon Pittala -Magala -Mars Naga -Budha -Mercury Suvarna -Guru -Jupiter Vanga -Shukra -Venus Tiksna loha -Shani -Saturn Kamsya -Rahu -Neptune Kantaloha -Ketu -Pluto

Loha

Shuddha loha

Suvarna

Rajata

Tamra

Loha

Puti loha

Naga

Vanga

Yasada

Misra loha

Pittala

Kamsya

Varta loaha

Suvarna (Gold) Vernacular names-

Sanskrit -Suvarna Hindi -Sona Telugu -Bangaramu Tamil -Tangam Malayalam -Pon Kannada -Bangara English -Gold Latin -Aurum

Synonyms Svarnam Mangalyakam Suvarnam Jambavam Dravinam Bharma Hiranyam Jatarupam Kalyanakam Champeyakam Kancanam Lohavarnam

Agnivarnam Camikaram Hemam Rukmam Agnibijam Hatakam Kanakam Bhushanarham Bhringam

Physical Properties Melting pt. -1064°C Boiling pt. -1800°C Atomic wt. -196.97 Atomic no. -79 Hardness -2.5 Sp. Gr. -19.3g/cc Cleavage -none Streak -yellow to white Fracture -hackly Elasticity- maleable,ductile

Considered as noble metal. No effect of environment. Gold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by the aqua regia,

so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions

of cyanide, which have been used in mining.

Gold dissolves in mercury, forming  amalgam alloys.

Ores of Gold

Native Gold (Au) Calaverite (AuTe2) Sylvenite (Au AgTe2)

Places of availability

South Africa - about 50% of all gold ever produced having come from South Africa.(750tons/yr)

Other major producers are the United States, Australia, Russia, Brazil, Britain and Peru.

In India Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) in Karnataka.

Varieties RRS- 5- प्रा�क( तु' सोहेज' वाह्नि+सोम्भू-तु' खातिन्सो'भवाम� ।

र्सो/द्रवा�धासो'ज�तु' स्वाणा2 �ञ्चीतिवाधा' स्म(तुम� । Prakrita Sahaja Vahnisambhuta Khanisambhava (Mined) Rasendra veda sanjata (Alchemical)

Rasarnava- 3 Rasaja Ksetraja (Mined) Lohasankaraja

Laksana of grahya suvarna ब�लो�रुणामलो' ज्वालोन्प्रातुप्तु' शा�णा�लो� घु�सो(णाची�णा�सोम�न्वाणा�म� ।

न्�र्�लिचीक�धा(तुमलो' गु�रुतु�म���य�तु� स्निस्न्ग्धा' तुद�वा कणाक' कलिर्थतु' तु� ज�त्यम� ॥कमलो' र्क्त ति�तु�भ' स्निस्न्ग्धा' शा�ल्ब�न्दु वार्जिज@तुम� ।गु�रुची�खिखालोधा�तु�भ्य ज�त्य� तुत्सो�वाणा�म�त्तमम� ॥ RT 15/11

Looks like rising sun when burnt on fire. Leaves saffron stain when rubbed on testing

stone. Heavy, Yellowish, Smooth Devoid of Copper & Silver

Agrahya Suvarnaश्वे�तु�ङ्गं' कठिGन्' रूक्षं' तिवावाणा2 सोमलो' दलोम� ।द�हे� श्वे�तु�लिसोतु' श्वे�तु' तिन्कर्षा� लोघु� ची व्रज�तु� ।।

-आक-२,२.१३Gold which is

Sweta, Hard, Rough, colourless, with impurities, in flakes & with various colours Should not be taken for medicinal use.

Shodhana Samanya shodhana- RRS

तुOलो� तुक्रे� गुवा�' म�त्रे� ह्या�र्न्�लो� क� लोत्थज� ।क्रेम�न्� तिन्र्षा�चीय�तु� तुप्तु' द्र�वा� द्र�वा� तु� सोप्तुधा� ॥सो�वाणा��ठिद लोहे�त्रे�णा�' शा�द्धिUर्�र्षा�' प्राशास्यतु� ।

Purified by heating & dipping in taila, takra, gomutra, Aranala & Kulattha kwatha for 7 times each.

Vishesh Shodhana

कर्षा�प्राम�णा' तु� सो�वाणा��त्रे' शार्�वारुU' �टु�धा�तु�य�क्तम� । अङ्गं�र्सो'स्थं' प्राहेर्�धा�म�न्' ध्म�न्�न् तुत्स्य�न्नन्� �-णा�वाणा�म� ।। RRS

Made flat sheets, apply paste of Gairika& rock salt, dry, keep in earthen plate & give heat for 1 ½ yama.

Vishesh Shodhana(cont.)

सो�वाणा2 ढा�लोय�तु� �-वा2 क�ञ्चीन्�र्द्भवा� र्सो� ।सोप्तुवा�र्' तुतु� कम�यग्य' हे�म भवा�द� ध्रु�वाम� ।।AK

Gold is heated till red hot & dipped in kanchanara swarasa. This procedure is repeated for 7 times.

Marana क( त्वा� कण्टुकवा�ध्य�तिन् स्वाणा��त्रे�णिणा लो��य�तु� ।

लो�'गु�'ब�भस्मसो-तु�न् ह्नि`यतु� दशाणिभ� ��टुO� ।। RRS

Gold leaves applied with Rasa bhasma & lemon juice & then subjected to 10 putas to

get bhasma.

Marana (cont.)

द्रुतु� तिवातिन्णिक्षं��त्स्वाणाb लोहेम�न्' म(तु' र्सोम� ।तिवाची-ण्य� लो�ङ्गंतुय�न् दर्द�न् सोमन्विन्वातुम� ।ज�यतु� क�' क� मच्छा�य' स्वाणा2 द्वा�दशाणिभ� ��टुO� ।। RRS

Gold is melted & added with equal rasabhasma/Rasa sindura- ground alonwith lemon juice 7 equal darada- make chakrikas-blow in puta for 12 times to get kumkuma coloured bhasma.

Marana (cont.)-RT

Gold leaves aplied with equal

Hg

Grinding done

Lemon juice

added, ground

& washe

d

equal Cinnab

ar, Sulphu

r, Realgar, NH4Cl added

Ground &

subjected to Puta till

bhasma form achiev

ed

Marana-Rasamrtam

Gold powder + equal As- groundwi

th Kancanara & Tulasi

juice

Make cakrikas

Dried & subjecte

d to puta

From 2nd puta As

is reduced

to ¼

Around 10 putas

are needed

for bhasma

preparation.

In process, gold leaves become brittle after first incineration & so on.

In case of gold bhasma apunarbhavata (non-revival of metal) does not apply because oxygen has no effect on gold.

Whole gold that turns into saffron coloured bhasma can be brought back to solid gold by blowing in furnace with borax etc.

Study conducted by DS Agrawal & Tupe states that-

Gold on incineration is converted into Swarna bhasma (gold ash), which is characterized as globular particles of gold with an average size of 56-57 nm.

Chemical analysis of bhasma

Gold as Au -96.76% Silica -1.14 % Iron -0.14 % Lime -0.546 % Copper -traces Magnesia - traces Phosphate - 0.781% Potash -0.161% NaCl -0.078% Sulphate -0.150% Moisture -0.244%

Levels In Humans

Blood/mg dm-3 : (0.1-4.2)E-4

Bone/p.p.m : 0.016 Liver/p.p.m : 0.0004 Muscle/p.p.m : n/a Daily Dietary Intake: n/a Total Mass In Avg. 70kg

human: 0.2 mg

Toxicity Pure metallic (elemental) gold is non-

toxic and non-irritating when ingested used as a food decoration in the form of gold leaf. Metallic gold is approved as a food additive.

due to its relative chemical inertness, resistance to being corroded or transformed into soluble salts (gold compounds) by any known chemical process which would be encountered in the human body.

Although gold ion is toxic Soluble compounds (gold salts) such

as gold chloride are toxic to the liver and kidneys.

Common cyanide salts of gold such as potassium gold cyanide, used in gold electroplating, are toxic by virtue of both their cyanide and gold content.

Safety & toxicity

Toxicity study conducted by rasayani pharma on gold bhasma-

Safety & toxicity data states that suvarna bhasma has not developed toxicity even when used in higher doses of 40mg/kg body wt.

Apakwa bhasma बलो' ची वा�य2 हेर्तु� न्र्�णा�' र्गुव्रज' क�यतु�वा क�य� ।

असोfख्यक�र्' ची सोदOवा हे�म��क्वा' सोदर्षा' मर्णा' कर्तितु ।।

Loss of Power & potency, incease in disease, ill health & death these are manifestation of ingestion of Suvarna bhasma which is not weell incinerated.

Properties of Svarna bhasma

एतुद्भस्म सो�वाणा�ज' कटु�घु(तु��तु' तिद्वागु�'जस्निन्मतु' लो�ढा' हेन्विन्तु न्(णा�' क्षंय�खिग्न्सोदन्' श्वे�सो' ची क�सो�रुलिचीम� ।ओजधा�तु�तिवावाधा�न्' बलोकर्' ��ण्ड्�वा�मयध्वा'सोन्' �थ्य' सोवा�तिवार्षा��हे' गुर्हेर्' दुष्टग्रहेण्य�ठिदन्�तु� ।। RRS

If 2 gunja(250mg) bhasma taken with Ghrita It alleviates Ksaya, diseases of digestive fire,

svasa, kasa, aruchi. Increases oja & dhatu Acts as balya, Cures anaemia, Vishaghna, can overcome bad effects of Graha.

Properties of Suvarna आय�लो�क्ष्म�प्राभ�धा�स्म(तितुकर्मखिखालोव्या�ह्निधातिवाध्वा'लिसो ��ण्य'

भ-तु�वा�शाप्राशा�न्विन्तुस्मर्भर्सो�खाद' सोfख्य��ह्निष्टप्राक�लिशा ।गु�ङ्गं�य' ची�र्थ रूप्य' गुदहेर्मजर्�क�रिर् म�हे��हे�रिर् क्षं�णा�न्�' ��ह्निष्टक�रिर् स्फु� टुमतितुकर्णा' वा�य�वा(द्धिUप्राक�रिर् ।।

Improves life, brings richness of health, improves memory & mental ability,

Mitigates all diseases Alleviates bhuta invasion Cures diseases, Prameha Provides strength to body & increases

potency.

सो�वाणा2 ब('हेणा' स्निस्न्ग्धा' मधा�र्' र्सो��कय� ।तिवार्षादर्षाहेर्' शा�तु' सोकर्षा�य' सोतितुक्तकम� ।। हृद्यं' क�न्विन्तुप्राद' बल्य' सो'र्सोन्' गु�रु लो�खान्म� ।ब�द्धिUम�धा�स्म(तितुकर्' व्रणाघ्न्' वा�खिग्वाशा�द्धिUदम� ।। AK2/46-49

Rasa -Madhura, Kasaya, TiktaVipaka -MadhuraVirya -SitaGunas -Guru, Vishaghna,Lekhana, Balya

Good for heart,improves glow of body.

Gives strength to body, clears out impurities, improves intellect & mental abilities.

Vranaghna- Heals wounds Improves clarity of speech.

क्षंयन्म�दप्राशामन्' चीक्षं�ष्य' ची र्सो�यन्म� ।तित्रेदर्षाशामन्' सोfम्यम�य�ष्य' रुलिचीर्' शा�लिची ।। प्राज्ञा�वा�य�स्वार्कर्म� ऐश्वेय2 धा�र्णा�द्भवा�तु� ।। AK

It alleviates Ksaya, Unmada Acts as chaksusya & Rasayana Improves taste perception Also improves mental ability, potency Richness of health

With various anupanas(RJ2/4)

with matsya pitta -In burning sensation With Bhringaraja -Aphrodisiac With milk -improves strenth With Pubarnava -alleviates eye

disease With Ghrita -Rasayana With Vacha -improves memory With Kumkuma -improves skin tone With milk -Rajayaksma With Ativisa -Vishaghna Sunthi,lavanga maricha -stridosa & unmada

Pathya-Apathya

तिवान्� तिबल्वाफलो' ची�त्रे सोवा�मन्यतु� प्राशास्यतु� ।RC14/25

Only apathya during sevana of suvarna bhasma is Bilva-phala (fruit of Aegle marmelos)

Everything else can be taken.

Dose

सोम�र्भ्य�ष्टम�द� भ�गु�द� र्लिक्तक�य� णिभर्षाग्वार्: ।यजय�त्त-य�भ�गुन्तु� म(तु' स्वाणा2 तु� क�लोतिवातु� ॥

RT15/81 Starting from 1/8 ratti (15mg) can be

given upto ¼ ratti (30mg).

Specific preparations

Siddha makaradhvaja Yogendra rasa Brhadvatachintamani rasa Mahamrganka rasa Svarna-malini vasanta Svasa-kasa chintamani Svarna parpati Hemagarbha pottali Kasturi bhairava rasa

Thank you..!