Van t'HoffCc ion trong dung dch nm trng thi chuyn ng hn lon nh trng thi kh s dng cc nh lut ca pha kh cho dung dch cc cht in lyThuyt c in v cht in lyChng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Thuyt ArrheniusTng tc gia cc ion khng nh hng ti s phn bTnh cht ca cc ion ring r khng ph thuc nng Mt s tnh cht dung dch t l vi s ion trong dung dch.Thuyt c in v cht in lyChng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Thuyt in ly mnh Debye -HuckeyCht in ly mnh phn ly hon ton thnh ion.Tn ti tng tc tnh in gia cc ion trong dung dch.Cc ion trong dung dch phn b c trt t tng thch vi nh lut tng tc tnh in Coulomb.Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Thuyt in ly mnh Debye -HuckeyTheo vt l thng k: tn ti ion trung tm, bao quanh n l kh quyn ion ngc du. in tch ion trung tm v kh quyn ion trung ho nhau.Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Thuyt in ly mnh Debye -HuckelMt kh quyn ion chnh l mt in tch ca kh quyn; mt ca chng gim xung khi cng xa ion trung tm. Mt in tch, Bn knh ca kh quyn ph thuc lc ion, nng dung dch, phn b lin tcChng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Thuyt in ly mnh Debye -HuckelDung dch v cng long khng c tng tc ion vi nhau xem nh l tng. Nng cht in ly tng mt kh quyn tngChng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Hiu ng in diKhi c in trng ngoi tc dng: ion v kh quyn bao quanh n chuyn ng ngc chiu vi nhau ma st b sung gim tc chuyn vn ca ion hiu ng in di. Nng cht in ly tng mt kh quyn ion tng tng s km hm.Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Hiu ng bt i Khi chuyn ng ion t b kh quyn c to kh quyn mi lin tc. Qu trnh tng i nhanh kh quyn mi to thnh khng i xng km hm hiu ng bt i to in trng ngc in trng ngoi gim dn in khi nng cht in ly tngChng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Hiu ng WienTc ion tng theo in trng ngoi. Vy khi tng in trng ngoi (n 200.000 vn/cm) tng chuyn ng ca ion nhanh n mc khng kp hnh thnh bu kh quyn tc cc i (hiu ng Wien) Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Hiu ng tn sTn s xoay chiu tng ln kh quyn ion thc t l i xng tng dn in hiu ng tn s. Hiu ng ny nh hn hiu ng Wien.Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Mt in tch Eo: in tch ca in t: in th ca th tch vk: hng s BoltzmannT: nhit tuyt ini: s ionZi: in tch ion

Thuyt Debye - Huckel

Phng trnh Poisson - Boltzmann: mt in tch: ton t Laplace, c trng cho hm vi phn: thm in miChuyn phng trnh v to cuThuyt Debye - Huckel

Th gi tr Thu c: Vi gi tr b: Thu c: 1/b: c th nguyn l di gi l di Debye (bn knh kh quyn ion)Thuyt Debye - Huckel

Gii phng trnh vi phnNghim tng qut c dng nh sau: r: khong cch t ion trung tm n im kho st c th xc nhA1, A2: hng s tch phnThu cKhai trin chui e-br, thu cThuyt Debye - Huckel

Thay gi trThu c Ta c:in th im bt kin th do ion trung tm gy rain th do kh quyn ion gy raVy Thuyt Debye - Huckel

Tn ti tng tc tnh in gia cc ion S khc bit ca dd long so vi dd l tng:i = ilt + itt = i0 + RTlnai = i0 + RTlnCi + RTlni

Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDLTh ha l tngTh ha do tng tcThuyt Debye - Huckel

Nng lng t do cho 1 molTnh cho 1 ion: Thuyt Debye - Huckel

Tnh lc ion ca cc dung dch MnCl2, Na2SO4 v LaCl3 c nng 0.4 Mp dng cng thc gii hn Debye Huckel tnh h s hot trung bnh ca dung dch HCl 0.01 N (S: 0.92)Cho lc ion ca dung dch NaCl l 0.24. Hy tnh:Nng ca dung dch nyDung dch Na2SO4 phi c nng no cng lc ionDung dch MgSO4 phi c nng no c cng lc ion4. Tnh kch thc lp kh quyn ion 25oC trong dung dch cht in li 1-1 c nng 0.1M. Cho hng s in mi ca nc l 78.6 (S: 9.64.10-8 cm)5. Tnh kch thc ca lp kh quyn ion trong dung dch ca cht in ly 1-1 trong cc dung mi sau y: nitrobenzen ( = 34.8), Ethanol ( = 24.4) v dicloethan ( = 10.4)

Thuyt Debye - Huckel

Dung dch nc, 25oCp dng thuyt in ly mnh Debye - Huckel Dung dch cht in ly mnh 11, C 0,01 MH s hot ca tng loi ion:H s hot trung bnh ca cc ion:Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

H s hot trung bnh ion: Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDLnh lut gii hn Debye-Huckel (tt)Theo nh ngha: (++-) lg = +lg+ + -lg-Do: + .Z+ = - Z- Vi dung mi l H2O 25oC: A = 0,509 (mol/l)-0.5

Dung dch cht in ly mnh 1 1, C > 0,01 MH s hot ca tng loi ion:A, B hng s ph thuc dung mi; a: khong cch gn nht m 2 ion c th tin st nhau, ph thuc s solvat hap dng thuyt in ly mnh Debey - Huckel H s hot trung bnh ca cc ion Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

Dung dch cht in ly mnh 1 1, C cao, I 1C; hng s thc nghimp dng thuyt in ly mnh Debye - Huckel H s hot trung bnh ca cc ion: Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDL

V d: Tnh h s hot trung bnh ca dung dch HCl 0,01M 250C.

Gii:HCl H+ + Cl-0,01 0,01 0,01

Tnh lc Ion: Im = 0,5.Ci.Zi2 = 0,5.(0,01.12 + 0,01.12 )=0,01 (m)

p dng PTG bc 1:Chng 2: S chuyn vn in tch trong DDLnh lut gii hn Debye-Huckel (tt) = 0,889