Differences emerge among the English colonies.• Three separate regions– New England– Middle Atlantic– Southern

• Differences:– Physical geography– Religion– Origin of colonists– Presence of slaves– economies

New England Colonies

• Rocky soil and less fertile land

• Long winters and colder climate

• Small farms (subsistence farmers)

New England Colonies

• Forests used for lumber and ship building

• Whaling and fishing• Sailors, fishermen,

merchants.• Owned and manned

ships– “triangular trade”

New England Colonies

• Practice of religion, especially Puritanism important.

The Middle Atlantic Colonies

• Winters not as harsh as New England and summers were longer.

• Forests and fertile land• Came from the

Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, France, and Scotland

• Active lumber and shipbuilding industry

Middle Atlantic Colonies

• Small farms– “Bread Basket” Colonies

• Wheat• Oats• Barley• Rye

– Large amounts of grain exported

Middle Atlantic Colonies

• Greater religious freedom.

• No single church dominated– Anglicans– Quakers– Dutch Reformed

Protestants– Catholics– Jews

Southern Colonies

• Warmer climate• Flat land, fertile

soil suited for cash crops• Lumber, tar,

resin (sap from pine trees)

Southern Colonies

• English, Scotch, Scotch-Irish

• Anglican Church• Presbyterian

(Scotch)–Tended to settle

more inland

Development of the Plantation System

• Plantations develop along major water routes in the South

• Large-scale agricultural operations (20 or more slaves)– Tobacco– Rice– Indigo– cotton

• Identify each of the 13 British colonies by name• Use different

colors to show the three colonial regions

Colonial Government

• English Political Traditions–Magna Carta–British

Parliament–English Bill of

Rights

“Clause 29. No Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or (have) his Freehold, or Liberties (taken away), or any other wise destroyed; nor will We pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers (equals), or by the Law if the land, we will sell to no Man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.”

How did the Magna Carta help guarantee therights of individuals?

Colonial Self-Government

• Virginia House of Burgesses

• Mayflower Compact• New England town

meetings• General Court• Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut

First two English colonies had people of very different backgrounds.• Virginia– Anglicans• Belonged to the

Church of England– Most of these

settlers had come for economic reasons

• Massachusetts– Pilgrims and Puritans

–Protestant groups who came to America to worship God in their own way.

Massachusetts Bay Colony• Puritans dominate New

England– High standards for Church

membership– Promote virtue (goodness)– Members of the Church were

chosen by God and only those elected would go to Heaven.

– Sunday was a day of rest in which the whole community went to church.

– Ministers gave sermons threatening sinners with punishment of damnation after death.

Puritans

• State-endorsed religion would insure a bond between members of society.– Maintain order and

stability– More than one religion

would threaten stability– Did not support religious

toleration

SALEM WITCHCRAFT TRIALS• 1692-1693• West Indian slave girl

told a group of children tales of voodoo. The girls claimed they were being tortured by witches.

• Several people were put on trial for witchcraft.

• 20 people were hanged.

Rise of Religious Toleration

• Rhode Island– Roger Williams– Anne Hutchinson– First English colony to establish

the principle of religious toleration

• Religious toleration – the recognition that others had the right to practice their own faiths.

• Dutch New York also practiced religious toleration.

Religious Toleration• Maryland – Catholics– Act of Toleration

• Pennsylvania– Quakers

• Religious beliefs contributed to the growth of representative government.

The First Great Awakening

• Ministers emphasize the importance of religious feelings.

• Jonathan Edwards– “Sinners in the Hands of an

Angry God”

• George Whitfield– God merciful and people

could save themselves– Emphasized people’s equality– Strong supporters of religious

freedom and toleration

MERCANTILISM

TRIANGULAR TRADE