DIGITAL DATA COLLECTION TO OPTIMISE SITE INVESTIGATION AND REMEDIATION

Jon Coulson

February 2019

© Arcadis 2018

"When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain……We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do his will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket.”

Nikola Tesla (1926)

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CONTENTS

• Introduction • Site Data Collection • Remote Telemetry to Improve Field

Data Collection • Visualisation for Enhanced Site

Understanding

INTRODUCTION

o A Digital Revolution

o BIM

o Benefits

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A DIGITAL REVOLUTION

A digital revolution is happening

Over the last 200 years machine power has replaced muscle power

Today it’s replacing brain power

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A DIGITAL REVOLUTION

We need to keep up….

Whilst our industry remains one of the last to be disrupted by technology, the pace of change is accelerating.

Advances in technology are enabling: • Big Data • Collaboration on Shared Platforms • Improved Customer Experience • Advanced Analytics

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A DIGITAL REVOLUTION

Data is an asset

Clients want faster, simpler access to information. They want high quality data and analysis to enable them to make decisions quicker, provide assurance about their current asset portfolio, and certainty that investment will meet current and future needs.

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BIM

Collaborative process for sharing information

Our industry response is BIM BIM (Building Information Modelling) is the digital working method for the building industry. BIM adds value by enabling people and tools to work together effectively over the entire life cycle of a natural or build asset; improving transparency, quality and reducing costs

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BIM

It all starts with site data capture…

What actually is BIM? BIM is a process involving digital technology in an shared object based environment (e.g. GIS) to provide a single version of the truth.

BIM Level 1 Collection and use of digital information BIM Level 2 Sharing the information via a digital platform BIM Level 3 Use across an asset lifecycle

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BIM LEVEL 3

Commonwealth Games 2022 – Athletes Village

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BENEFITS

Less time managing the data = more time to use the data

• Quicker and more efficient leading to margin improvement • Improved client and stakeholder engagement • Quality assurance – reduced data errors • Opportunity to obtain “big data” • Improvements in data quality and visualisation facilitate better decision

making

SITE DATA COLLECTION

o Site Walkovers

o Site Surveys

o Daily Site Records

o Field Data

o Sample Identification

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SITE WALKOVERS

• Digital forms and plans accessed using tablets

• 360-degree cameras to provide virtual reports

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SITE SURVEYS

Technology now used to map crime and accident scenes

• High Definition 3D Laser Scanning to generate 3D site models.

• Use in a number of locations across a site. Stitch together and every pixel will have a georeferenced position.

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SITE SURVEYS

Exeter to Newton Abbot Rail Scheme

Aerial LiDAR surveys can be used to provide high resolution mapping for multiple applications.

• provide sufficient resolution for sub-5mm

survey accuracy to capture the rail tracks. • Ecology team identified areas of interest in

high-risk/no access locations. • Geotech team also made good use of the

imagery , the resolution allowed them to identify areas of wetting on the cliff face exposures, bedding and dip angles.

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DAILY SITE RECORDS

Instantly sharing information between office and site to produce daily site reports or to update cloud based client accessible dashboards

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FIELD DATA • Borehole logging software is now widely available (Eurocode compliant). • Other data, such as groundwater measurements and remediation monitoring

parameters captured using digital forms (can be simple Excel sheets) completed using tablets.

• Information can be shared via the cloud such that borehole logs and data tables can be generated even before the site team leave the site.

pLog Tablets by Data Forensics (other tablets and software packages are available)

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SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

Sample nomenclature is key to ensuring that the received laboratory data can be used in digital applications. An unambiguous naming system should be devised according to the relevant data management plan for the project.

Tablet with barcode printer is ideal site solution

REMOTE TELEMETRY TO IMPROVE FIELD DATA COLLECTION o Background

o Historical Perspective

o Elements of a telemetry system and sampling system

o What can be monitoring remotely?

o Health and safety

o Case Studies

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BACKGROUND

Remote measurement and transmission of data

Telemetry: “The automatic measurement and transmission of data, typically employed to collect information from remote or inaccessible locations” Benefits include: • Reduced travel and associated reduction in risks to workers • Likely reduction in data collection errors • Data consistency • Potential to collect “big data” • Instantaneous alerts where deviation in data observed • Potential for reduction in lifecycle costs

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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Copper wire, insulated with Indian rubber, was used by the Russian army to convey an electrical signal to remotely detonate land mines and repel French invaders.

1812

Invention of the electrical telegraph system.

French engineers installed sensors on Mount Blanc to monitor snow depth and relay this information along 350 km of landline to Paris.

First forms of wireless telemetry developed with the radiosonde (France and Russia) and the V-rocket (Germany).

Mars Curiosity Rover begins surface investigations of Mars. Data is sent back to earth via a relay satellite orbiting Mars and forwarded as discrete data packets.

1832

1874

1914

1929

1970-1990

2012

Telemetry applications proliferate in industrial and commercial applications.

Electromagnetic technology employed to monitor locks and water levels in the newly constructed Panama Canal.

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Best selfie ever

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ELEMENTS OF A TELEMETRY SYSTEM

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DETERMINING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

• Determine key system parameters (e.g. data quality, site conditions, supporting infrastructure)

STEP 1 Establish key parameters

• Identify overall objectives (e.g.

to sample groundwater and transmit data remotely) to determine suitable technologies.

STEP 2 Determine suitable

technologies

• Determine most suitable technologies based on user specific criteria

STEP 3 Compare and

contrast technologies

The first step in the process of technology selection is to carefully consider key system requirements.

• Monitoring Objectives • Access Restrictions • Instrument Considerations • Data Quality Objectives • Site Infrastructure • Regulatory Requirements

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WHAT CAN BE MONITORED REMOTELY?

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WHAT CAN BE MONITORED REMOTELY?

If the technology is not available or not cost effective then maybe consider using surrogate measurements.

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HEALTH AND SAFETY • Will the system be operated within a hazardous environment (e.g. an explosive

atmosphere) and hence require intrinsically safe certification? Intrinsic safety refers to the design of equipment that limits energy to a level below that required to ignite a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture.

• Are the sensors or probes suitable for use in the media being monitored or sampled (e.g. high pH solutions or heavily contaminated water)?

• Is the system suitably protected from weather such as rain and extreme temperatures?

• Is the system secure to prevent unauthorized operation? • Are there suitable alarms and system cut-out mechanisms to prevent system

damage and/or overload? • If the system is operated within a wider operational site have site staff been

made aware of the system and trained to respond in the case of any emergency?

• Has suitable protective measures been implemented to restrict any potential release or exposure to hazardous substances (e.g. fuels and oils, site specific contaminants)

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CASE STUDY: GROUNDWATER AND LNAPL MONITORING AT A TIDALLY INFLUENCED SITE Confidential location (Arcadis 2017)

Employing telemetry technology to record groundwater and NAPL thickness to monitor a hydrocarbon plume

Winner of Best Scoping or Operation of a Site Investigation 2018

Following a series of investigations, Arcadis installed 3 autonomous, real-time, continuous LNAPL monitoring devices within existing groundwater wells (supplied by GeoStream). These were powered by a solar panel installed onto a shipping container which hosted the above ground telemetry unit. Also installed 3 GasFlux™ devices to provide continuous gas monitoring at the site. These were powered by innovative headworks (supplied by AmbiSense). The works facilitated the development of a LNAPL conceptual site model and demonstrated that LNAPL thickness had a strong tidal influence and that natural source zone degradation (NSZD) was significant.

Key Benefits: High resolution dataset = robust CSM Reduced site/travel labour = cost reduction Renewable power supply = sustainability benefits

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CASE STUDY: AUTOMATED MONITORING OF DISSOLVED PHASED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN GROUNDWATER – Saudi Arabia (Saudi Aramco, 2013)

Equipment: UV fluorometer Water level sensor YSI multimeter Data logger Solar charged 12 volt DC battery 20 watt solar panel Wireless RF modem

Key Benefits: Automated TPH measurements without site visits

The Kingdom’s aquifers supply over 90% of the water used in the country and their protection is of key importance. However, limited staff and resources mean that regular monitoring of the monitoring well network, which comprises over 1,000 wells in over 60 facilities, poses a significant resource and cost challenge

Works Undertaken A remote monitoring solution was developed and trialled incorporating a in situ ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence capable of measurement of dissolved phase hydrocarbons at microgram per litre concentrations. Importantly, the UV sensor required laboratory calibration to the likely hydrocarbon product streams. Measurement of aromatic hydrocarbons can only be determined if the ratio of aromatics to total hydrocarbons remains constant. Should the likely source of any potential hydrocarbons change, such that the ratio would change, then the sensor would require recalibration.

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CASE STUDY: BIOREMEDIATION OF TRICHLORETHENE USING MOLASSES Confidential Location (Arcadis 2016)

Works Undertaken Dud to the nature of the active plant, installation of the injection system required careful design to minimise impacts to site operation. The injection system was automated with data remotely monitored to provide modifications to injection volumes. A server was programmed to interface with the site-based Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) via mobile network to enable data acquisition of system and injection data to be viewed and manipulated remotely. The server interface also allowed for adjustment to the injection regime to be made and uploaded without the need to visit site. A graphical user interface was provide to interface with the system via the server.

Historical use of TCE at an active manufacturing plant had resulted in significant concentrations in groundwater. Enhanced reductive dichlorination (ERD) was selected using molasses to treat the plume.

Key Benefits: Management of a full scale injection system remotely. Significant reduction in labour (site and travel time).

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CASE STUDY: VOC MONITORING AT WATER TREATMENT PLANT Montana USA (Modern Water, 2015)

Intermittent ice thaws meant the clean-up took many months.

On January 17 2015, the Poplar Pipeline discharged at least 30,000 gallons of crude oil into the Yellowstone River. Oil sheen was reported on the river up to 60 miles downstream. A new monitoring system was installed at a water treatment plant to provide an early detection system and ensure the future safe supply of drinking water for around 6,000 people.

Key Benefits: Early warning system to safeguard drinking water supplies.

Works Undertaken An oil-in-water monitor was required to detect low parts per billion concentrations. A VOC head space monitor met the criteria for the application and was selected for installation. The monitor provides continuous data for the Glendive Water Treatment Plant operators as well as an alarm if benzene concentration reaches 2 ppb, less than half the allowable concentration specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency. On hearing the alarm the operators shutdown the plant protecting the clean water in the storage system. Further aeration is implemented as a remedial measure prior to restarting the plant when concentrations have fallen.

VISUALISATION FOR ENHANCED SITE UNDERSTANDING o Geographical Information System (GIS)

o Modelling

o AR/VR

o Dashboards

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GIS

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GIS

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GIS

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3D MODELLING

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3D MODELLING

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3D MODELLING

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AR/VR

FACILITATING ENGAGEMENT AND DISCUSSION

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AR/VR

FACILITATING ENGAGEMENT AND DISCUSSION

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DASHBOARDS

INTERACTIVE REPORTS

• Enables data to be accessed by all stakeholders for meaningful discussions

• Provides all data in one place with required context

• Ask questions and query data accordingly without generating multiple iterations of data (e.g. graphs, contaminant distribution plans)

• Improved analytics supports better decision making

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Arcadis (UK) Ltd

3rd Floor, Charter House 62 – 68 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1LA

T: 01223 935011

E: jcoulson@arcadis.com

arcadis.com

Jon Coulson