Diploma Engineering Sem I

I M Khan (Asst. Prof. in English)www.imkeng.wordpress.com

Diploma Engineering Sem IEnglish (3300002)

Diploma Engineering Sem I

English-3300002 Grammar

Types of Sentence



What is Sentence?



What is Sentence?

A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/sentence?q=Sentence



(English) Sentence StructureAssertive

Subject + Verb + Object



What is Verb?

A word used to describe an action, state, oroccurrence, and forming the main part of thepredicate of a sentence, such as hear, become,happen.

From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/verb?q=verb



What is Verb?

Subject + Verb + Object / Complement• I am a teacher• I have a book• I teach English



What is Verb?

A verb is a word that shows position (being), possession or action.



Types of Sentences

• Simple: • Compound:• Complex:



Verb is a word that shows• Action (to do)• State / Position / Existence (to be)• Possession / Relation (to have)

Sentence ShowsI teach English ActionI am a teacher State / Position / ExistenceI have a book Possession / Relation



(English) Sentence Structure Other than SVOAssertive

• Subject + Verb + Object (Noun)• Subject + Verb + Complément (Noun /

Adjective)• Subject + Verb + Adverb• Subject + Verb + Adjective• Subject + Verb + Adverbial / s



(English) Sentence Structure Other than SVO

• He is a teacher (subject + Complement)• He teaches (Subject + verb)• He teaches English (Subject + object)• He teachers well (Subject + adverb)• He teaches in the class (Subject + Adv. of Place)• He teaches everyday (Subject + Adv. of Frequency)• He teaches at 10 o’clock (Subject + Adv. of Time)



Types of Sentences

• Simple: • Compound: • Complex:



Types of Sentences

• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: • Complex:



Types of Sentences

• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: Two simple sentences joined by

Conjunction• Complex:



Types of Sentences

• Simple: one subject + one predicate • Compound: Two simple sentences joined by

Conjunction• Complex: Main clause and sub-ordinate clause

joined by Connector



Simple Sentences

What is Predicate?



PredicateThe part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject(e.g. ‘went home’ in “John went home”)

From:http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/predicate?q=predicate

Predicate is statement about the subject or it is a part of sentence except the subject

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/predicate?q=predicate

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/predicate?q=predicate



Simple Sentences

• Simple: one subject + one predicate

I am a teacher



Simple Sentences

• Simple: one subject + one predicate

Subject I am a teacher Predicate



Mostly subjects are in one wordSubject Predicate

I am a teacherWe are friends

You are my cousinThey have gone to Mumbai

He is preparing for examShe is a sincere student

It can run fast



Subjects containing more than one wordSubject Predicate

The girl in a read saree is my sisterThe books on that table are mine

The plants with yellow flowers are beautifulThe book he bought is very costly

The news I heard was very surprising



Subject The plants with yellow flowers

Predicate are beautiful

.



Compound Sentences

• Compound: two simple sentences joined with conjunction such as and, but, so, therefore, yet, etc….



‘So’ So : This connector is used to indicate the

consequences a well as the reason.Ex. • She has lot of pending so she is not able to come• I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend• The machine is out of order so the production is delayed• The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him



Compound Sentences with ‘so’

Simple Sentence no. 1 Simple Sentence no. 1

Clause showing reason Clause showing result



Compound Sentences with ‘so’ Ex.• She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come • I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend• The machine is out of order so the production is delayed• The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him

Sub Predicate conjunction Sub Predicate

She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come

I Was very tired so I could not go out with my friend

The machine

is out of order so the production is delayed

The students

did not complete the work so the teacher punished him



Complex Sentences

Complex: main clause and sub-ordinate clauseConnected by Connector such as Who Whom

Whose Which Where When and Why Sub-ordinate clause depends on the main clause



Formulation



Main Clause

Formulation



Main Clause+

Formulation



Main Clause+

Subordinate Clause

Formulation



What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?

Formulation



Main Clause:

Formulation



Main Clause:Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.

Formulation



Subordinate Clause:Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.

Formulation



Formulation

Main Clause:Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.

Subordinate Clause:Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.



Examples

English Connectors

Complex Sentence Main Clause with individual meaning

Subordinate Clause that depends on main clause

I get up when it is 7 o’clock I get up when it is 7 o’clock

She knows the boy whom you are asking about

She knows the boy whom you are asking about

The engineer whose work you like is my brother

The engineer is my brother whose work you like

I know the place which you talked about

I know the place which you talked about

This is the school where my father is working as a clerk

This is the school where my father is working as a clerk

What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?

What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?

I don’t know why he is absent today

I don’t know why he is absent today



A dependent clause may refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause and may be joined with the main clause by such connectors as Who Which Whose Whom

Complex Sentences



Connectors and their usage

Connectors Refers to…

Who human being (noun or pronoun)Whom human being (noun or pronoun)

Whose human being (noun or pronoun)Which Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or

pronoun)

Where Place When Time Why Reason



Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)

Refers to Examples

Who human being

here: Rabindranath

Tagore

Clause 1 The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore

Clause 2 He was a great painter.

The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore who was a great painter




Refers to Examples

Who human beinghere: The girl

Clause 1 The girl is my neighbor.

Clause 2 She is in a red saree.

The girl who is in a red saree is my neighbor




Refers to Examples

Whom human being

here: Rabindranath Tagore – the object of the main clause

Clause 1 The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Clause 2 Gandhiji called him ‘gurudev’.

The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore whom Gandhiji called ‘gurudev’.




Refers to Examples

Whom human beingHere: person

Clause 1 I know the person

Clause 2 The principal was scolding him

I know the person whom the principal was scolding




Refers to Examples

Whose human being

here: Rabindranath

Tagore

Clause 1 Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet.

Clause 2 His Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.

Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet whose Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.




Refers to Examples

Whose human being

Here: Mr. Aanand

Clause 1 Mr. Aanand is my friend.

Clause 2 His photographs are nominated for the National award.

Mr. Aanand whose photographs are nominated for the National award is my friend




Refers to Examples

Which Object, bird, animal, insect

(noun or pronoun)

here: Gitanjali

Clause 1 Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali.

Clause 2 It is a collection of poems.

Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali which is a collection of poems.




Refers to Examples

Which Object, bird, animal, insect

(noun or pronoun)

Here: Project

Clause 1 The students are working on a project

Clause 2 It is going to help them a lot

The students are working on a project which is going to help them a lot

A project which the students are working on is going to help them a lot




Refers to Examples

Where Placehere:

Shantiniketan Ashram

Clause 1 [ends with

place word]

This is Shantiniketan Ashram.

Clause 2 Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev here

This is Shantiniketan Ashram where Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev.




Refers to Examples

Where Place

Here: hospital Clause 1

[ends with place word]

This is the hospital

Clause 2 My father is working as a doctor here

This is the hospital where my father is working as a doctor




Refers to Examples

When Time

here: 1941 (year)

Clause 1 [ends with time

word]

It was 1941

Clause 2 Gurudev passed away. It was 1941 when gurudev passed away.




Refers to Examples

When Time

here: season Clause 1

[ends with time word]

Autumn is the season

Clause 2 All the trees shed their leaves in it

Autumn is the season when all the trees shed their leaves




Refers to Examples

Why Reason

here: reasonClause 1

[ends with reason word]

Nobody knows the reason

Clause 2 He left the jobNobody knows the reason why he left the job (Adjective Clause)




Refers to Examples

Why Reason

here: I don’t know

Clause 1 [ends with

reason word]

I don’t know

Clause 2 She is absent todayI don’t know why she is absent today (Adverb Clause of Reason)



Thanks a lot !!!I M Khan

Assistant Professor (English)OM Institute of Engineering & Technology,

Junagadh

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Diploma Engineering Sem I