Diploma Nebosh

February 2010

Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety

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RK= p~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉêë==RKN= råáí=^W=j~å~ÖáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó==THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH NEBOSH LEVEL 6 DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Unit A: Managing health and safety

[DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period. Answer both Section A and Section B

SECTION A This section contains six questions. Answer ALL SIX questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets.

You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on each question.

Start each answer on a new page.

1 (a) Explain why organisations often identify the costs of health and safety control measures much more easily than they identify the costs that can arise from poor health and safety standards. (6)

(b) Outline, with examples, the meaning of the terms ‘insured’ and

‘uninsured’ costs in connection with accidents and incidents at work AND outline the relative size of these two costs in an organisation as demonstrated by accident costing studies. (4)

2 The following table shows the number of lost-time accidents recorded at

two organisations involved in similar manufacturing processes. The figures in brackets show the average numbers of employees at each organisation for the year in question.

Year Organisation A Organisation B 2005 22 (2500) 8 (250) 2006 24 (2450) 8 (265) 2007 31 (2300) 8 (300) 2008 30 (2100) 7 (340)

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(a) Calculate AND compare the annual lost-time accident incidence

rates for the two organisations for the years shown AND comment on any trends. (5)

(b) Outline any possible limitations with the data itself, or the way

that it is collected, that might make direct comparisons of the rates at the two organisations unreliable or misleading. (5)

3 (a) Outline reasons for establishing effective consultation

arrangements with employees on health and safety matters in the workplace. (4)

(b) Outline a range of formal and informal consultation arrangements

that may contribute to effective consultation on health and safety matters in the workplace. (6)

4 A risk assessment has identified the need to introduce a safe system of

work for cleaning some moving machinery. The system proposed would allow the machinery to be cleaned by the operator whilst it was running at normal speed with the guards removed. This would present a risk of injury from the moving parts. To reduce this risk it is proposed that the cleaning is undertaken with a long-handled device which would enable the operator’s hands to be kept away from the moving parts.

(a) Outline the extent to which the proposed system of work meets

the ‘general principles of prevention’ referred to in Regulation 4 and Schedule 1 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. Your answer should refer to the specific ‘general principles of prevention’ which are relevant to this scenario. (5)

(b) Outline the steps that an organisation should take to ensure the

effective implementation of a new safe system of work, assuming that a detailed risk assessment has already been undertaken. (5)

5 Human failure was identified as a significant factor in an accident

involving a crane. An employee was seriously injured when struck by material being transported by the crane.

Outline the types of human failure which may have contributed to the accident AND in EACH case give examples relevant to the scenario to illustrate your answer. (10)

6 A Health and Safety Executive inspector visits a small, limited company.

The inspector decides to serve a prohibition notice on the employer in respect of an unguarded machine.

(a) Identify the legal criteria that must be satisfied before a

prohibition notice may be lawfully served. (2)

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(b) If the employer chooses to appeal against the notice identify the

effect of the appeal AND the timescale within which an appeal must be made. (2)

At a subsequent visit the inspector discovers that the unguarded machine is still in use by an employee and that this activity has been agreed by the Operations Director. The inspector decides to bring a prosecution against the Operations Director by virtue of Section 37 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 in respect of the breach of the prohibition notice.

(c) Outline the legal criteria that the inspector would need to satisfy

to bring a successful prosecution. (3) (d) Identify the maximum penalties that would be available on

conviction of the Operations Director. (3)

SECTION B This section contains five questions. Answer THREE questions only.





7 A low pressure storage vessel is connected via pipework to a

manufacturing plant which could, in the event of malfunction, generate a pressure great enough to rupture the vessel. To prevent this a pressure detector is installed in the low pressure storage vessel. If pressure starts to rise above an acceptable level the detector activates a valve control system. This in turn closes the inlet valve to the vessel isolating it from excessive pressure. It has been estimated that pressure great enough to rupture the low pressure storage vessel would be generated once every four years on average.

Reliability data for the system is given below.

Component Reliability

Pressure detector 0.95

Valve control system 0.99

Inlet valve 0.8 (a) Construct an event tree for the protective system described

above AND use it to calculate the frequency of a rupture of the low pressure storage vessel. (12)

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(b) It is proposed that, in addition to the protective system described

above, the low pressure storage vessel is also fitted with a suitable pressure relief valve (reliability 0.9).

Assuming that the vessel would only rupture if both the protective

system and the pressure relief valve failed at the same time, calculate the frequency of rupture of the low pressure storage vessel in these circumstances. (4)

(c) Outline the issues that would need to be considered when

deciding whether both protective systems were needed on the low pressure storage vessel. (4)

8 A forklift truck is used to move loaded pallets in a large distribution

warehouse. On one particular occasion the truck skidded on a patch of oil. As a consequence the truck collided with an unaccompanied visitor and crushed the visitor’s leg.

(a) Outline reasons why the accident should be investigated. (4) (b) The initial responses of reporting and securing the scene of the

accident have been carried out. Outline the actions which should be taken in order to collect

evidence for an investigation of the accident. (8) (c) The investigation reveals that there have been previous skidding

incidents which had not been reported and the company therefore decides to introduce a formal system for reporting ‘near miss’ incidents.

Outline the factors that should be considered when developing

and implementing such a system. (8) 9 The case of R v Swan Hunter Shipbuilders Ltd and Another [1982] arose

from a serious fire during a ship repair at Swan Hunter’s shipyard. Swan Hunter were convicted in the Court of Appeal.

(a) Identify the specific provisions of the Health and Safety at Work

etc Act 1974 under which Swan Hunter Shipbuilders Ltd (Swan Hunter) were prosecuted AND in EACH case outline the reasons why the company was convicted. (6)

(b) The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

were not in force at the time of this case. Had these Regulations been in force, identify the requirements of the Regulations under which Swan Hunter could have been prosecuted specifically in connection with the fire incident AND outline reasons in EACH case.

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Requirements in the Regulations relating to competent health

and safety assistance and emergency procedures should be excluded. (8)

(c) The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

are supported by an Approved Code of Practice and guidance. In criminal proceedings outline the legal status of:

(i) an Approved Code of Practice; (3) (ii) guidance. (3) 10 (a) Explain the difference between: (i) common law and statute law; (4) (ii) civil law and criminal law. (6) (b) Employers have a duty under common law to take reasonable

care to ensure the safety of their employees.

Referring to relevant case law where appropriate, outline the nature of this duty in terms of:

(i) safe plant and equipment; (6) (ii) safe places of work. (4) 11 As the Health and Safety Adviser to a large organisation, you have

decided to develop and introduce an in-house auditing programme to assess the effectiveness of the organisation’s health and safety management arrangements.

Describe the organisational and planning issues to be addressed in the

development of the audit programme. You do not need to consider the specific factors to be audited. (20) =====

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RKO= råáí=_W=e~ò~êÇçìë=~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ==THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH NEBOSH LEVEL 6 DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Unit B: Hazardous agents in the workplace [DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period. Answer both Section A and Section B






1 Outline signs that could indicate to an employer that an employee has an

alcohol problem. (10) 2 (a) Outline the nature and properties of alpha particles. (4) (b) Outline the principles that could be used to control exposure to

alpha particles. (6) 3 (a) Identify the possible range of specialists involved in Occupational

Health provision in a large manufacturing company. (5) (b) Outline the specific activities that occupational health specialists

could undertake as part of a programme to reduce accidents and absences relating to manual handling. For EACH activity identify the most appropriate occupational specialist to undertake the activity. (5)

4 A welder undertakes work in an open plan workshop.

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Outline the factors to be considered when selecting suitable Respiratory

Protective Equipment for this work. (10) 5 Work related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) can develop if ergonomic

principles are not followed when designing work tools and work equipment.

(a) Outline what is meant by the term ‘ergonomic principles’. (2) (b) Outline how the design of work tools and work equipment can

help to minimise the risk of a person developing a WRULD. (8) 6 Employees can be exposed to corrosive substances. (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘corrosive’. (2) (b) The data below, for three forms of the same product, is taken from

a supplier’s catalogue.

Using the data outline the likely routes of entry AND effects of exposure when handling EACH of these products. (8)

Product Code

Chemical name/formula

Concentration Physical Form

C1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

99.9% Pellets


97% Powder


50% in water Liquid





Start each answer on a new page. 7 (a) Identify the published sources of information an employer could

use to determine if carcinogens are used in their workplace. (4) (b) Outline the control measures that should be used when, because

of the nature of the work, it is not possible to eliminate a carcinogen or substitute it with an alternative substance. (16)

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8 (a) Outline the principles of a prospective cohort study, as used in

epidemiology. (4) (b) National public health monitoring has recorded several hundred

cases of an illness. In at least half the cases the cause has been confirmed, by laboratory tests, as a new strain of virus.

Outline the possible data AND data sources that could be used

for a prospective cohort study of this outbreak. (10) (c) Outline factors that may affect the reliability of such cohort

studies. (6) 9 A company that operates hotels and health spas recognises the risks

associated with the legionella bacteria. (a) Identify specific locations where there may be growth of, or

potential exposure to, legionella for employees AND guests. (5) (b) Outline the control measures that this company should implement

to minimise exposure to legionella bacteria. (15) 10 A noise survey is to be carried out in a large enclosed turbine hall within

an electricity generating power station. In the turbine hall there are three steam driven turbines and other

mechanical plant associated with power generation. Exposure to noise is a considerable problem for the 50 employees who

work on each shift in the turbine hall especially when all three turbines are running.

Explain how a noise survey should be planned and undertaken in order

to assess employees’ noise exposures in this workplace. (20) 11 A manufacturing process involves the use of three organic solvents,

exposure to which is controlled by local exhaust ventilation (LEV) and personal protective equipment. The LEV system is regularly inspected and is subject to thorough examination and testing on an annual basis.

(a) Outline how the exposure of the process workers to solvent

vapours could be assessed. (10) (b) Outline how the data obtained could be used to determine if the

exposure of the process workers to the solvents is adequately controlled. (10)

RKP= råáí=`W=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ë~ÑÉíó==THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH NEBOSH LEVEL 6 DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Unit C: Workplace and work equipment [DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period. Answer both Section A and Section B






1 Outline the main design features of a warehouse and associated traffic

routes intended to reduce the risks associated with internal transport. (10) 2 A petrol storage tank in a bund containing three other similar tanks is

overfilled during a transfer operation resulting in a large spill of petrol into the bund. The petrol vapour is ignited from a remote source causing a catastrophic explosion and fire involving the whole installation.

(a) Identify the design and construction measures that could have prevented such an event. (4) (b) Outline the range of measures that would be necessary to

mitigate the effects of such an event. (6)

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3 A design for a multi–fuel combined heat and power (CHP) power station allows for either coal, oil or natural gas burning. The proposed site will include the necessary fuel storage facilities and water treatment plant. The installation will be located on the bank of a river estuary and receive deliveries by road, pipeline and ship.

Identify potential pollutants AND their related source:

(a) during normal operation; (5) (b) during abnormal operation. (5) 4 A production plant uses a potentially explosive powder. Pressurised

nitrogen is the transporting and inerting gas within the plant. (a) Give the meaning of ‘inerting’. (2) (b) Outline practical reasons why inerting was considered necessary

for this process. (3) (c) Identify the risks from inert atmospheres during maintenance. (2) (d) Outline control measures that reduce the risks from inert

atmospheres during maintenance. (3) 5 The owners of a large distribution warehouse business have secured a

contract from a stationery manufacturer. Their insurers have recommended that the proposed storage facility is sprinkler protected.

Outline the factors to be considered in providing an adequate sprinkler system for the storage facility. (10)

6 With reference to the mechanical hazards associated with the operation

of a hydraulic robotic arm on a production line, outline a range of measures aimed at minimising the risk of injury. (10)






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7 A property development company has acquired a former Victorian grain

warehouse, abandoned for the past twenty years, to convert into luxury apartments. A Principal Contractor has been appointed for the entire project which involves total removal of the building internals followed by construction of the apartments within the building shell. The demolition work is sub-contracted to a specialist company.

(a) Under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations

2007 (CDM);

(i) outline the specific duties of the Principal Contractor with regard to the demolition phase of the project.

Your answer should exclude requirements to check on

client’s duties. (7) (ii) identify additional duties specific to demolition under

CDM. (3) (b) Outline the content of the Pre-Construction Information that will

be of specific interest to the demolition contractor. (10) 8 (a) Outline a range of factors that may cause instability of a mobile

crane. (8) (b) Outline control measures that should be taken to reduce the

likelihood of a mobile crane overturning during a lifting operation. (12) 9 A serious accident occurred when a threaded steel rod in the braking

mechanism of a hoist broke. An investigation revealed that the cause of the breakage was fatigue failure.

(a) Outline the mechanism and characteristics of fatigue failure. (6) (b) Identify THREE factors which can contribute to such a failure

AND for EACH factor outline ONE circumstance in which it may occur. (6)

(c) Outline the measures that could have been taken to minimise the

likelihood of such a failure. (8) 10 Outline the precautions that can be taken to minimise the risks

associated with a cable strike when excavating near underground electrical cables. (20)

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11 An enclosed reactor vessel 30 metres high with a diameter of 10 metres

needs cleaning, inspection and repair. The reactor was previously used for reacting flammable solids and gases that formed a toxic, acidic product.

It is not possible to avoid entry and the relevant personnel are suitably fit, trained, informed and supervised. Outline additional arrangements that should be considered in order to comply with the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997. (20)

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