DisasterRiskReductionLESSON LEARNED FROMMOUNTMERAPI:LESSONLEARNEDFROMMOUNTMERAPI:PLANNINGTOWARDSDISASTERRESILIENCE
ASIANCONFERENCEONDISASTERRISKREDUCTION2016
DR.Raditya DjatiDeputyDirectorforPrevention
DirectorateforDisasterRiskReductionTheNationalAuthorityforDisasterManagement
Ph k 25 26th f F b 2016Phuket2526th ofFebruary2016
DisasterTrendinIndonesia20022015
2,000
1.9671.941
1.8116000008000001000000
400500600
DisasterEvents,Fatality,andAffectedPeoplein2015
1,400
1,600
1,800
1.582
1.633
1.674
1.246
0200000400000600000
0100200300
800
1,000
1,200
775 740816
1.073 NumberofEvents Fatality Affected
Of1.582disastereventin2015,240peoplewereloss their life; 1 18 million displaced 24 365
200
400
600
143
403
599 losstheirlife;1.18milliondisplaced,24.365housesdamaged,484publicfacilityalsodamaged.
Morethan 95% of it was caused by
200
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tsunami Gempabumi dan Tsunami GempabumiLetusan Gunungapi Gelombang Pasang / Abrasi Kebakaran Hutan dan LahanKekeringan Banjir dan Tanah Longsor Tanah Longsor
Morethan 95%ofitwascausedbyhydrometeorological hazards,dominatedbyextremeweather,landslide,andfloods.Landslidestillbethemostdeadlytypeofdisaster.
Update: 14-12-2015Source: BNPB
Kekeringan Banjir dan Tanah Longsor Tanah LongsorPuting Beliung Banjir
A d fAgendaofDiscussionforTodayIndonesianissuesonVolcanoes
LessonLearnedfromMountMerapi
ImplementationonHFAandPostSendaiCommitmentonSFDRR20152030
NationalActionPlanonDRRinIndonesia
#1 INDONESIAN ISSUES ON VOLCANOES#1INDONESIANISSUESONVOLCANOES
Th I d i hi l i th lt f l t t i l t TheIndonesianarchipelagoistheresultofcomplextectonicplatecollisioninvolvingfourdifferentplates.Subduction ofthecontinentalIndoAustralianplatebeneaththeEurasianplateformedthemainp pSundaBandavolcanicarcstretchingfromSumatratotheWest,throughJava,Bali,NusaTengara IslandstillBandatotheEast.
VolcanoesinIndonesiaarepartofthePacificRingofFire.TheIndonesianarchipelagocontainsabout130activevolcanoes,whichismore than any other country About 76 of them have erupted inmorethananyothercountry.About76ofthemhaveeruptedinhistoricaltimes.Itcontainssomeoftheworld'smostfamousvolcanoeslikeToba,Krakatau,Tambora,and Merapi.
F.Lavigne,J.Morin,Surono (eds.),TheAtlasofMerapi volcano,FirstEdition,2015
DistributionofVolcanicActivityinIndonesia
Historic Data on Great Volcanic Eruption EventHistoricDataonGreatVolcanicEruptionEvent
Rank Death Toll Event Location DateRank DeathToll Event Location Date
1. 92,000MountTambora (seealso YearWithoutaSummer)
Indonesia April10,1815
2. 36,000 Krakatoa Indonesia August2627,1883, g ,
3. 29,000 MountPele MartiniqueMay7orMay8,1902
4. 25,000 MountVesuviusPompeii and Herculaneum Italy
August24,79ADulaneum, Italy
5. 23,000 NevadodelRuiz Colombia November13,1985
6. 15,000 MountUnzen Japan 1792
7. 10,000 MountKelut Indonesia 1586
8. 9,350Laki.Killedabout25%ofthepopulation(33%werekilledabout70yearsbeforebysmallpox)
Iceland June8,1783
9. 6,000 SantaMaria Guatemala 1902
10. 5,115 MountKelut Indonesia May19,1919
#2 Lesson Learned fromMount Merapi#2LessonLearnedfromMountMerapi
Merapistratovolcano(2965m)islocated in Java Indonesia 30 kmlocatedinJava,Indonesia,30kmnorthofthecityofYogyakarta.F.Lavigne,J.Morin,Surono (eds.),TheAtlasofMerapi volcano,FirstEdition,2015
PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
Disaster Occurred in YogyakartaDisasterOccurredinYogyakarta
I 2006 th k l i d th 5000 i ti d d d In2006anearthquakeclaimedmorethan5000victims,anddamagedalmost380,000unitsofprivateandpublicinfrastructure.Aftertheearthquake,theMountMerapi eruptedandhadtheimpactontheq , p p pnorthernsideofYogyakartaCity
On25th October2010MountMerapi erupted,releasinglarvaandashesforoveraweek,thevolcanoslargesteruptionsince1870.
Thedeathtollwas353,andmorethan350,000peopleweret devacuated.
F.Lavigne,J.Morin,Surono (eds.),TheAtlasofMerapi volcano,FirstEdition,2015
SeveralhoursbeforeeruptionofMountMerapi: Oct 26 2010 at 2:30 PM Oct26,2010at2:30PM Hargobinangun refugeecamp morethan300refugee
PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
AFTERERUPTIONOFMOUNTMERAPIbOctober27,2010
9:00PM
PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
Yogyakarta,4Nopember 2010Turgo,Yogyakarta1Nopember 2010
Ndeles,Klaten,1Nopember 2010
Eruption had happened withEruptionhadhappenedwitharound4KMofblastuptothesky.ItcanbeseenfromthecityofYogyakarta.
Peoplearestilldoingtheirp gdailyactivitiesnearMountMerapi
Somepeoplestillleavetheircattles atthedisasterzoneandhave to deliver the food to the
PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
havetodeliverthefoodtothedisasterzone.Today,somehadbeenevacuated(Nov,82010)
Afterthehazardzonemovedtotheradiusof20KmfromMountMerapi,manyoftherefugee camps are migratedrefugeecampsaremigratedtothesavezonethatarelocatedandconcentratedintheSportStadiumofMaguwohardjo.Morethan22h d fthousandrefugeesareconcentratedinthisplace.
Maguwohardjo,5November2010PhotographybyRadityaJati,2010
F.Lavigne,J.Morin,Surono (eds.),TheAtlasofMerapi volcano,FirstEdition,2015
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Candi BorobudurcoveredwithvolcanicashofMountMerapi10November2010
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#3ImplementationonHFAandPostSendaiC it t SFDRR 2015 2030CommitmentonSFDRR20152030
I d i i t l di t b t 1980 2009 I d i Indonesiaisextremelydisasterprone:between19802009Indonesiasuffered312naturaldisasters,thisrankingfourthhighestintheAsianPacificnations.Itsdeathtotal,however,wasthesecondhighestat, , gapproximately191,000people,andthecountrysufferedeconomiclossesofsome22.5billionUS$.
DisasterRiskGovernancehasbeendeveloped
PolicyandRegulation
L N 24
Institutions
BNPB t bli h d
Planning
N ti l Di t
Finance
N ti l B d t
MultistakeholderCollaboration
N ti l d LawNo.24year2007
GovernmentRegulationNo.21 22 d 23
BNPBestablishedin2008
BPBDatProvincialandDistrictLevel
NationalDisasterManagementPlan
DRRActionPlan LocalDMPlan
NationalBudgetforDMhasbeenincreased.
NationalandLocalPlatformofDRR
ActiveroleofCSO i DRR21,22,and23
year2008. RegulationsoftheChiefofBNPB
MasterPlanof12hazards
CSOsinDRR Establishmentofclustercoordination
LocalRegulationonDisasterManagementatProvincialandi i /Ci l
system
District/CityLevel
FirstofalltheHyogoFrameworkhasencouragedIndonesia to shift its approach in disaster managementIndonesiatoshiftitsapproachindisastermanagementfromresponseorientedtodisasterriskreduction.PriortotheHFA,disasterinIndonesiawasmanagedbyaunitundertheVicePresidentsOffice,whichdealtmostlywith
d t di t Aftemergencyresponseandpostdisasterrecovery.AfterHFA,Indonesiafocusesmoreoneffortstoreducerisksandbuildresiliencetodisaster.
Secondly,thefourprioritiesoftheHFAhaveshapedIndonesiannationaldisastermanagementsystem,withitsfocus on: (1) legislation (2) planning (3) institution (4)focuson:(1)legislation,(2)planning,(3)institution,(4)budget,and(5)capacitydevelopmentatalllevels.
Withregardstolegislation,in2007IndonesiaenacteditsfirstDisasterManagementLaw,LawNo.24of2007.Ithasbeensubsequentlyfollowedbyaseriesofpresidentialand government decrees and other subsidiary legislationsandgovernmentdecreesandothersubsidiarylegislationsatallgovernmentlevelsdowntothedistrict/citylevel.
In terms of planning as the focus is more on DRR Indonesia launched its Intermsofplanning,asthefocusismoreonDRR,IndonesialauncheditsfirstnationalDMPlan20102014inlate2009.Itwassubsequentlyfollowedbyprovincialanddistrict/citygovernmentsthatissuedtheirLocalDMPlans Currently all provinces have their DM Plans and more than 80Plans.CurrentlyallprovinceshavetheirDMPlansandmorethan80districtsandcities(outofatotalof506districtsandcities)havedevelopedtheirDMPlans.
Relatedtotheinstitutionalarrangement,theLawNo.24of2007hasmandated all levels of government to have their independent DM agencies.mandatedalllevelsofgovernmenttohavetheirindependentDMagencies.AtthenationallevelwehaveBNPBthatwasestablishedin2008.AtpresentallprovinceshavealreadyhadtheirownDMAgenciesand84%ofthedistrictsandcitieshaveestablishedDMAgencies.g
I t f b d t i th t 10 b d t f DRR h h Intermsofbudget,inthepast10yearsbudgetforDRRhasshownasignificantincrease.ArecentstudybytheNationalPlanningBoard,Bappenas,currentlythelevelofbudgetforDRRinsectoral linei i i h d d 1% f h l i l b dministrieshasexceeded1%ofthetotalnationalbudget.
With d t P i it 2 3 d 5 f HFA h b hi d WithregardtoPriority2,3and5ofHFA,progresshasbeenachievedinriskmapping,EarlyWarningSys
