Discovering Computers 2012chap04

7/24/2019 Discovering Computers 2012chap04

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Your Interactive Guide

to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012


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Objectives Overview

Diferentiate amongvarious styles osystem units on

desktop computers,notebook computers,and mobile devices

Identiy chips, adaptercards, and other

components o amotherboard

Describe the controlunit and arithmetic

logic unit components

o a processor, andexplain the our stepsin a machine cycle

Identiy characteristicso various personal

computer processorson the market today,

and describe the waysprocessors are cooled

Dene a bit anddescribe how a serieso bits represents data

Explain how programinstructions transer in

and out o memory

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Objectives Overview

Diferentiate among thevarious types o memory

Describe the purpose andtypes o expansion slotsand adapter cards, and

diferentiate among slotsor various removable *ash

memory devices

Diferentiate between aport and a connector, and

explain the diferencesamong a +% port, -ire.ire

port, luetooth port, %C%Iport, e%/0/ port, IrD/ port,serial port, and 1IDI port

Describe the types obuses in a computer

Explain the purpose o apower supply and describe

how it keeps cool

+nderstand how to clean asystem unit on a computer

or mobile device

Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ 3%ee &age !'or Detailed (b)ectives


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The System Unit

0he systemunitis a casethat contains

electroniccomponents othe computerused to

process data

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The System Unit

0he inside o the system unit on adesktop personal computer includes#

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Drive bay3s4

&ower supply

%ound card

5ideo card

&rocessor

1emory


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The System Unit

0he motherboardis the main circuitboard o the system unit / computer chipcontains integrated

circuits

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Processor

0he processor, also called the centralprocessin unit 3!PU4, interprets andcarries out the basic instructions that

operate a computer Contain a control unit and an arithmetic

logic unit 3/7+4

Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ "&age "6

#ulti$

coreprocess

or

%ual$

coreprocess

or

&uad$

coreprocess

or


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Processor

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Processor

0he control unitis the component othe processor that directs andcoordinates most o the operations in

the computer

0he arithmetic loic unit3/7+4perorms arithmetic, comparison, and

other operations

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Processor

-or every instruction, a processorrepeats a set o our basic operations,which comprise a machine cycle

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Processor

1ost currentpersonalcomputers support

pipelining &rocessor begins

+etchina secondinstruction beore it

completes themachine cycle orthe rst instruction

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Processor

0he processor containsregisters, that temporarily hold

data and instructions0he system cloc,controlsthe timing o all computer

operations0he pace o the system clock is

called the cloc, speed, and is

measured in iahert-3./-4Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ )2&age ":


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Processor

0he leadingmanuacturers opersonal computer

processor chips areIntel and /1D

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Processor

Determine how you plan to use a newcomputer beore selecting a processor

Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ )4&age "uire additional

cooling ?eat sinks

7i>uid coolingtechnology

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Processor

&arallel processing uses multiple processorssimultaneously to execute a single program ortask

1assively parallel processing involves hundreds orthousands o processors

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%ata 0epresentation

1nalosignals are continuous andvary in strength and >uality

%iitalsignals are in one o twostates# on or of

1ost computers are digital0he binary systemuses two uni>ue digits

3! and "4

itsand bytesDiscovering Computers !"# Chapter $ )"&age "


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%ata 0epresentation

1 computer circuit representsthe * or the ) electronicallyby the presence or absence o+an electrical chare

iht bits rouped toetheras a unit are called a byte 1byte represents a sinlecharacter in the computer

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%ata 0epresentation

/%CII 3/merican%tandard Code orInormation

Interchange4 is themost widely usedcoding scheme torepresent data

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%ata 0epresentation

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#emory

#emoryconsists o electroniccomponents that store instructionswaiting to be executed by the

processor, data needed by thoseinstructions, and the results oprocessing the data

%tores three basic categories o items#

Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ 2)&age 6

0he operatingsystem andother system

sotware

/pplicationprograms

Data beingprocessed andthe resultinginormation


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#emory

Each location in memory has an address

1emory si@e is measured in ,ilobytes3or 4, meabytes3#4,iabytes3.4, orterabytes3T4

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#emory

0he system unit contains two types omemory#

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5olatile

memory7oses its contents

when power isturned of

Example includes01#

Aonvolatile

memoryDoes not losecontents when

power is removed

Examples include=(1, *ash

memory, and C1(%


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#emory

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#emory

0hree basic types o =/1 chips exist#


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Dynamic =/13D=/14

%tatic =/13%=/14

1agnetoresistive =/1

31=/14


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#emory

=/1 chips usually reside on a memorymoduleand are inserted into memoryslots


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#emory

0he amount o =/1 necessary in acomputer oten depends on the types osotware you plan to use

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Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ 2'


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#emory

#emory cache speeds the processes o thecomputer because it stores re>uently usedinstructions and data

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#emory

0ead$only memory30O#4 reers tomemory chips storing permanent dataand instructions

irmware

/ &=(1 3programmable read2only

memory4 chip is a blank =(1 chip thatcan be written to permanently

EE&=(1 can be erased

Discovering Computers !"# Chapter $ 3*&age

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Discovering Computers 2012chap04