8/2/2019 Disease Study CHAIM
2/3
Requirements for RLE Area: BDH-OPD/ER
Disease Study: Poisoning (Rat poisoning in Humans)
BSN III-C Group 8
DEFINITION:Poisoning/Poisonanything that kills, injures, harms
the human body
through its chemical actions/effect. This involves highly toxic
substance/
chemicals not meant for human ingestion
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: **present on our client. Some poisons
causes
o Pupil dilation or constrictiono Excessive drooling or**dry
moutho Increase HR or decrease HRo **Restless or sedatedo
Bradypneic or tachypneico Hypotension or hypertension
CAUSES: Food Drug Industrial Chemicals
o Petroleum Products (Gasoline, kerosene)o Pesticides and
Rodenticides (RAT POISON)
Rat poison Contains ZINC PHOSPHIDE that has an effect on the
rodents GIT, releasing phosphine gas.
PHOSPHINE GAS, in humans, targets its respiratory tractand
function. Which in turn makes a person dyspneic,
and experience chest tightness EFFECTS ON HUMAN:
o GI nausea and vomiting, hematemesiso Bleeding Vit.Ko
Dizziness,Lethargydirect result of blood thiningo Respiratory
Distresso Death
EXAMS & TESTS: History taking
o Includes medications/drug/chemical being ingested,o
Psychiatric history or emotional incapacities to suggest an
intentional ingestion (suicidal tendencies)
Physical Assessment Toxicology Blood Tests ECG some has an
effect on the electroconductivity of the heart
TREATMENT / MANAGEMENT:-depending on the specific type of
ingested poison.
1. Syrup of Ipecac GI irritant that Induces vomiting of ingested
toxin CAUTION: not to be given:
i. If the ingested subs is acidic/corrosive/petroleum
productsii. To patients having seizure, convulsions or is
unconscious
(ASPIRATION)
8/2/2019 Disease Study CHAIM
3/3
Requirements for RLE Area: BDH-OPD/ER
Disease Study: Poisoning (Rat poisoning in Humans)
BSN III-C Group 8
2. Activated Charcoal Can be swallowed or via NGT Used to absorb
the toxins in the stomach preventing its spread. It is secreted
through feces.**if BOTH Ipecac and Activated Charcoal is being
recommended,
Give first the Ipecac After 30mins or until vomiting stops, then
give Activated
Charcoal
3. Gastric Lavage / Stomach Flushing done by the doctor via NGT
Purposes:
i. Controlling GI Bleedingii. Cleanse the stomach
Precautioni.
Remove dentures or anything that may obstruct theairway
Risks/Possible Complications:i. Aspiration Pneumoniaii. GI
Bleedingiii. Hypoxiaiv. Mechanical Injuryv. Laryngospasm
Caution/Contraindications:i. Not to be done:
1. If the ingested subs is
acidic/corrosive/petroleumproducts
2. To patients having seizure, convulsions or isunconscious
Procedure:i. NGT insertionii. Instil saline/water via asepto
syringeiii. Flush, and re-instil fluid until clear.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: Assess vital signs
(hypotension/hypertension) Assess risk for aspiration Check and
Maintain airway patency Check for fluid & electrolyte
imbalances Supportive measures:
If the patient is agitated/hallucinatingSEDATE If respiratory
compromised - VENTILATE
