DISINFECTION &

STERILIZATION

Jana DáňováJana DáňováDept. of epidemiologyDept. of epidemiology

Third Faculty of MedicineThird Faculty of Medicine

INTRODUCTION

disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients.

because sterilization of all patient-care items is not necessary, health-care policies must identify, primarily on the basis of the items' intended use, whether cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization is indicated.

STERILIZATION

Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods

EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH FOCUSED TO PREVENTION OF FOCUSED TO PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF DISEASESTRANSMISSION OF DISEASES

main task main task decontamination decontamination →→ process process focused to killing or removing of focused to killing or removing of microorganisms from subjects and microorganisms from subjects and environmentenvironment

degree of efficiency degree of efficiency sanitation (mechanical sanitation (mechanical cleaning)cleaning) and higher degree and higher degree disinfection disinfection and sterilizationand sterilization

DISINFECTION, DISINSECTION, DISINFECTION, DISINSECTION, DERATISATION (DDD)DERATISATION (DDD)

main steps leading to protection of human main steps leading to protection of human healthhealth

working conditions working conditions →→ protection against protection against infectious agents (bacterial, viral), vectors, infectious agents (bacterial, viral), vectors, rodents etc.rodents etc.

DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION

Regular protective disinfectionRegular protective disinfection →→ part part of basic technological and occupational of basic technological and occupational methods as a protection against infectious methods as a protection against infectious diseases diseases

Special protective disinfectionSpecial protective disinfection →→ specific type of protection focused to specific type of protection focused to elimination of infectious diseases, vectors, elimination of infectious diseases, vectors, animal reservoir etc. animal reservoir etc.

PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTIVE DISINFECTIONPROTECTIVE DISINFECTION

They can use only licenced substances by They can use only licenced substances by public health authoritiespublic health authorities

List of these agents are published in List of these agents are published in special register special register

STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

Process leading to killing all Process leading to killing all microorganisms (bacterial, viral, including microorganisms (bacterial, viral, including spors, worms and their eggs)spors, worms and their eggs)

Sterilisation is realized in special Sterilisation is realized in special instruments = instruments = sterilizing box (sterilizer)sterilizing box (sterilizer)

As a sterile are labeled all objects without As a sterile are labeled all objects without alive microorganisms alive microorganisms

PREPARATION BEFORE PREPARATION BEFORE STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

methods used before sterilizationmethods used before sterilization

cleaning of all objects used in health carecleaning of all objects used in health care

package of these objects before package of these objects before sterilization to sterilizational envelope sterilization to sterilizational envelope

PREPARATION BEFORE PREPARATION BEFORE STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

disinfection disinfection → heat → heat 90 90 ooC /10 min. or C /10 min. or termochemical 60 termochemical 60 ooC/ 20 min.C/ 20 min.

cleaning cleaning →→ important before sterilization important before sterilization

TYPES OF STERILIZATIONTYPES OF STERILIZATION

Physical: Physical: steamsteam

hot- airhot- air

plasmaplasma

radiationalradiational

Chemical: Chemical: formaldehydeformaldehyde

ethylenoxideethylenoxide

INSTRUMENTS BEFORE INSTRUMENTS BEFORE STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

CENTRAL STERILIZATIONCENTRAL STERILIZATION

CONTROL OF STERILIZATIONCONTROL OF STERILIZATION

Monitoring of cycle of sterilizationMonitoring of cycle of sterilization

Effectivness of sterile boxesEffectivness of sterile boxes

Sterile control of materialsSterile control of materials

DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION

methods leading to destroy microorganisms methods leading to destroy microorganisms by physical, chemical or combined by physical, chemical or combined

techniques to interrupt mode of techniques to interrupt mode of transmission to susceptible persontransmission to susceptible person

METHODS OF DISINFECTIONMETHODS OF DISINFECTION

Physical disinfectionPhysical disinfection

Physical – chemical disinfectionPhysical – chemical disinfection

Chemical disinfectionChemical disinfection

Physical Physical disinfectiondisinfection

Physical-Physical-chemicalchemical

disinfectiondisinfection

Chemical Chemical disinfectiondisinfection

Boiling for 30 min.Boiling for 30 min. Washing and cleaning Washing and cleaning machines by 60 machines by 60 ooCC

AlkaliesAlkalies

Boiling in pressure Boiling in pressure containers 20 min.containers 20 min.

Steamformaldehyde Steamformaldehyde boxbox

AcidsAcids

Boiling by temeratureBoiling by temerature

9090 o o C /10 min. C /10 min.

OxidantsOxidants

UV radiationUV radiation HalogensHalogens

Compounds of Compounds of methalsmethals

Alcohols and ethersAlcohols and ethers

AldehydsAldehyds

CombinedCombined

CONTROL OF DISINFECTIONCONTROL OF DISINFECTION

chemical methods: chemical methods: quantitative a quantitative a qualitative measurementsqualitative measurements

microbiological methods:microbiological methods: control of control of effectivness of disinfectious materials effectivness of disinfectious materials

FREQUENCY OF DISINFECTIONFREQUENCY OF DISINFECTION

according type of helath care facilityaccording type of helath care facility

character of disinfection is part of operating rules character of disinfection is part of operating rules of the healt care facilityof the healt care facility

usage of disinfectious methods control Ministry usage of disinfectious methods control Ministry of Healthof Health

CLEANING OF HANDSCLEANING OF HANDS

mechanical washing hands as a part of personal mechanical washing hands as a part of personal hygienehygiene→ → removing of microorganisms from the skin of handsremoving of microorganisms from the skin of hands

mechanical washing hands before surgical disinfection of mechanical washing hands before surgical disinfection of handshands→→removing of microorganisms from the skin of handsremoving of microorganisms from the skin of hands

before surgical disifectionbefore surgical disifection

surgical disinfection of hands surgical disinfection of hands →→ reduction of amound of reduction of amound of microorganisms on the skin of hands and forearms microorganisms on the skin of hands and forearms

hygienic disifection of hans hygienic disifection of hans → → reduction of amound of reduction of amound of microorganisms on the skin of hands, interruption of mode of microorganisms on the skin of hands, interruption of mode of transmissiontransmission

hygienic washing of hands hygienic washing of hands → → usage of washing usage of washing

tools with disinfectious additive tools with disinfectious additive

THANK YOUTHANK YOU