Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Diversity of Living Things
Living Things are made of Cells• Living things are called organisms.
• Organisms are made up of one or more cells. (unicellular or multicellular)
• A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
• Cells = the of life.
2
What is a Cell?• It took a long time for people to discover cells and figure out what they were all about. They need sophisticated equipment (microscopes) to be able to see cells.
• Every thing we know about cells we call “cell theory”.
3
Cell Theory says that….1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. In other words, cells are like the building blocks of all living things.
3. New cells are only made from existing cells.
4
Cells come in all shapes and sizes!
5
These are two distinct types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences.
6
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Animal Plant
7
Living Things use and need Energy• All organisms need and use energy to live.Energy is the ability to do work.
• Sunlight is the source of energy for most living things.- Plants use the energy in sunlight to make
food, and animals get energy by eating plants or other animals that have eaten plants.
8
Living Things Adapt to their surroundings
• Organisms are adapted, or suited, to their surroundings.
• All organisms have features that help them survive in their surroundings.For example: fish have gills
9
Living Things React to change•Organisms react to change in their
surroundings.
• Any reaction to change is called a response.For example: A bright light may cause you
to blink.
ameoba responding to chemoattractantameoba eats two parameciumProtozoa reproducing
10
Living ThingsHow do we know is something is ‘living’?
11
• All living things are characterised as being able to do seven things• These are usually remembered by the mnemonic MRS NERG
MRS
NERG
Can you guess what these
letters stand for?
The 7 characteristics of Living ThingsMovement – Animals move to find food and
keep away from predators, plants move to face the light
Reproduction – the ability to produce offspring to keep the species in existence
Sensitivity – responding and reacting to the environment
Nutrition – Animals need food for respiration, plants need minerals from the soil
Excretion – Getting rid of wasteRespiration – Turning food into energyGrowth – Growing larger and stronger
becoming adult size12
13
Organizing Information
A Shoe by any other name . . Take a GOOD look at the 20 shoes in the picture.
Your mission is to creation a classification system for these shoes.
You must place the shoes into one of 5 groups (it does not have to be an even distribution.
Name each group AND each shoe.
14
A-E
F-J
K-O
P-T
15
Dichotomous Keying•Used to identify organisms•Characteristics given in pairs•Read both characteristicsand either go to another set of characteristics ORidentify the organism
A Spider Key can help you get organized to create a Dichotomous Key. http://3ubio.weebly.com/taxonomy.html
16
Example of a Dichotomous Key
17
18
Example of Dichotomous Key1a Tentacles present – Go to 21b Tentacles absent – Go to 32a Eight Tentacles – Octopus2b More than 8 tentacles – 33a Tentacles hang down – go to 43b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
19
•There are 13 billion known species of organisms•This is only 5% of allorganisms that ever lived!!!!!•New organisms are still being found and identified
Species of Organisms
20
What is Classification?Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as taxonomy
Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms
21
Benefits of Classifying
•Accurately & uniformly names organisms •Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish •Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Sea”horse”??
22
Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
23
Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists
Quiz based on previous slidesSeptember ______, 2015
24
