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DO WE NEED PEACE
12th International Symposium on the Contribution of Psychology
St. Lazarus Lecture Hall, Larnaca
6-11, June 2011
Biran MERTAN
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World map of the Global Peace Index 2011. Countries
appearing more green are ranked as more peaceful,
countries appearing more red are ranked as less peaceful.
Change of number of countries in each GPI class from
2007-2011.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Global_peace_index_(temporal_change).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Peace_Index_2011.svg8/13/2019 Divided 2011 Bm
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Key Findings
The world is less peaceful for the third straight year
Due to an increased threat of terrorist attacks in 29 nations
A greater likelihood of violent demonstrations in 33countries
Arab Spring unrest heralds biggest ever change inrankings, Libya tumbles 83 spots
Iceland bounces back from economic woes to top ranking
Somalia displaces Iraq as worlds least peaceful nation Violence cost the global economy more than $8.12 trillion
in 2010
US peacefulness shows minimal change
http://www.visionofhumanity.org/info-center/global-peace-index-2011/
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Multi
language/religous/ethnic
Environment
1960
1963
1964
1974
1975
1981
1983
1990
2003
2004
2011
?
Opening of Ganjelli (cancel lo)
Referendum-EU membership
Extreme
ethnocentrism/
hostile
Environment
c
o
n
f
u
s
o
n
Bi-communal meetings!...
Green Line
Attila Line
Missing Persons Committee
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Multi language/religous/ethnic
Environment
Tolerance to othersMusic/poem/novel/artistic
endeavors
Churc hbel ls/Muezin cal ls for prayer
1960
1963
1964
1974
1975
1983
1990
20032004
2011
?
Opening of Ganjelli (cancel lo)Referendum-EU membership
Extreme
ethnocentrism/hostile
Environment
Nationalistic
Music/poem/novel/artistic
endeavors
c
o
n
f
u
s
o
n
Bi-communal meetings!...
Green Line
Attila Line
Pol i t ical /psychological
adaptation of language!???
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GAVUR
An example of distancingthe other from the self
Enemy, non-Muslim,Christian, infidel,unbeliever, merciless, cruel,
heartless or obstinatePopular adjective todesignate the others,
i.e., Greek Cypriots,Armenians, Latinos, andMaronites.
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ATAKAN RUZEN (2004) YSSZLER-Lack of character
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http://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAghttp://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAg8/13/2019 Divided 2011 Bm
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http://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAghttp://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAg8/13/2019 Divided 2011 Bm
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*REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS * REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS AUTONOMOUS TURKISH GOVERNMENT
* TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF CYPRUS * TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS
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Biran born in Lefkoa living in
Cyprus holding the following IDs REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS(1960)
REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS AUTONOMOUS TURKISH
GOVERNMENT (1974) TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF CYPRUS (1975)
TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS(1983)
+ REPUBLIC OF TURKEY(1923)
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NORTH CYPRUS Political instability
Turkishness
Cypriotness Turkish-Cypriotness
....
Muslimness...
Vibrant and unresolved political and historical milieu
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LES IDENTITES MEURTRIERE (1998)
The frequent question how much you feel Frenchor Lebanese?
Im more French or more Lebanese...
the answer is not one nor the other: both...
Maaloufs writtings are marked by his experiences ofcivil war and migration. The novels characters areitinerant voyagers between lands, language andreligions.
AMIN MAALOUF
Born in Beriut (1949)
settled in Paris since
1976
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Amin_Maalouf.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Amin_Maalouf.jpg&usg=__kmu2PGg7RJiF4klvi69iCkI9dXM=&h=1600&w=1200&sz=879&hl=en&start=43&um=1&tbnid=DVMiS6Ua4ihpKM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=113&prev=/images?q=amin+maalouf&ndsp=20&hl=en&sa=N&start=40&um=18/13/2019 Divided 2011 Bm
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The meaning of concepts peace and war varies
greatly between and within socio-cultural settings(Brock-Utne, 1989; Galtung, 1981; Ishida,1969).
Ishida (1969) underlined the importance ofunderstanding and clarifying variations and
similarities in the conceptualisation of peace. Ex:
Mutlu Bar Harekat-
Happy operation for Peace The occupation-intervention of Turkish
army
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Mr Sava Mr Bar
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erd
arM.
Deirmenciolu200
9
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TURKISH-CYPRIOT CHILDREN
RAISED IN A SETTING OF Overexaggerated ethnocentric historical narratives
and historical events strenthening ethnic identity
Symbols and emblems
Etnocentric curricula involving outgroup deregotion
and national pride
And hostility against the other (gavur)
POLITICAL PARALLEL PLAY
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Strategies for attaining peace in Cyprus is an area
of research that has been developing. Cypriot Universities are recently established...
Directed and initiated by the outsiders...
Fundings...
PUBLIC DATABASE: Need for the integration ofkey findings on the contribution of psychology to
peace research in Cyprus in order to make themaccessible to everyone working on this topic...
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We need Peace!... Media & message content
Like electronic, telephonic communication should beaccessible
Maximize mutual trust & reduce intergroup biais
Peace Education
Stop the psychological phenomena of demonizingmembers of other cultures
Burried traumas
Missing persons committee should carefully carry out... Strong gender perspective
Stop martyrizing the environment
School names, street names....
Good intentions
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION