Đồ Án Thiết Kế Mô Hình Hệ Thống Cửa Tự Động Đóng Mở Sử Dụng Sensor Cảm Biến - Luận Văn, Đồ Án, Đề Tài Tốt Nghiệp

D6 an hi thong GVHD: NGUYEN

Dai hoc ky thudt c6ng nghiep Thai

Ml,JC L{JC

CHUONG I : GIOI rmt U CHUNG VE CUA TV B<)NG .4

CHUONG II : PHAN TICH BAI TOAN 72.1 cAc YEU cAu cuA M6 HiNH cuA TCJDONG 72.2 NHIJ$M VlJ VA PHAN TICH NHIJ$M VlJ 8

CHUONG III: GIOI THifU cAc THIET BJ, LINH KifN THIET KE 93.1 PHAN CUNG 93.1.1: Vi dieu khien AT89C51 93.1.2 IC t~o fin ap 7805( IC fin ap Sv) 11

, ,t '3 .1.3 B<) chuyen doi nrong tu sang so ADC 133.1.4 SENSOR CAM BIEN 15

3.1.5 IC di€u khien dong ca L298 15

3.1.6 Dong ca 163.2 PHAN MEM 163.2.1 Ph~n mern mo ph6ng mach 163.2.2 Ngan ngfr lap trinh 17

CHUONG IV: THIET KE TONG QUAT PHAN CUNG 19

4.1 SO' d6 kh6i 19

4.2 Sa hroc chirc nang cua tung khf>i 204.2.1 Kh6i nguon 20

4.2.2 Kh6i thu hong ngoai 21

4.2.3 Kh6i reset. 224.2.4 Kh6i di€u khien 23

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4.2.5 Kh6i tao xung dao dong 24

4.2.6 Kh6i dieu khien trung tam 24

4.3 E>~c ta h~ thong FSM 25

4.4 Sa d6 call graph 26

CHU'ONG V:SO DO M~CH HOA..N CHINH 275.1 So· dO'

nguyen 1y mach 27

5.2 K~t qua chay thu' 28

CHlfONG VI: THIET KE CHUONG TRINH 29

6.1. So· dO'

thu"t toan 29

6.2 Chuong trinh lip trinh cho vi di~u khien AT89C51. 30


3


LiJI NO/DAU

Cong cu{jc ciing nghijp hoa hijn il<J,i hoa i/6.t nU'O'C dang diin ra theo S(I' tiin b{j cua khoa h<JC ki thu~t. Trutrc tinb hinb i/o i/ii co khti nhiJu yeu c{,u cap bdch va cling co nhiing thdch thuc il~t ra cho gioi tri thtec .

Dijn tu la m{jt Linh V(l'C moi ma O' nutrc ta dang nghien CU'U va tirng bU'O'C phdt triin iii teng dung vao qua trinb san XU6.t gop ph{m niing cao niing sudt Lao il{jng.

Do v~y la sinh vien voi chuyen nganh' kj thu~t ilij n tu· c&n phai ndm viing kiin thsrc va ki niing tir don gidn i/Jn phtrc t<J,p nhtr : biit each SU' dung

thanh th<J,O cdc loci cam biin kit n6i voi hj th6ng iii thu nh~n tin hij u. Ren luyjn ki niing l~p trinh tren cdc hj th6ng su· dung vi i/iJu khiin trong cac hj th6ng ciing nghijp va cdc tmg dung trong sinh hoqt va sdn xudt.

Sau thoi gian h<JC t~p va nghien CU'U cung voi S(I' nJ l(l'C cua nhom chung em ilii hoan thanh. nhiem V(I thiit ki mo hinh cimgt(I' il{jng. Em xinchiin thanh. cam on cac th&y, co trong b{j miin KY THUJT MAY TiNH iliigiup i/jj t~n tinh, va il~c bijt cam on th&y hutrng dan NGUYEN TIEN DUY. Mo hinh khiing trdnh khoi nhiing thiiu xot, chung em mong ilU'<J'C S(I' chi biio Cua cdc th&y iii stin phlzm hoan thij n hon Va CO th/ teng d(lng vao th(l'C ti_

Em xin chtin thanh' cam on !

Thai Nguyen, ngay02 thang06 niim 2011

Nhom sinh vien thuc hijn ! ! !


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CHUONG IG161rmtu CHUNG VE cuA TV D()NG

Trong xa hoi van minh hien dai, cira la mot b9 phan khong th€ thieu duce trong tung cong trinh kien true. Nhung hftu hSt cac loai cira binh thuong ma

chung ta SU' dung hien nay lai CO nhfrng nhUQ'C diem gay phien toai cho nguoi SU' dung do la: cira diroc dong mo khi co tac dong cua con ngiroi vao no.

Viec thiet kS ra mot loai cira tien ich hon, da nang hon, phuc vu t6t hon cho

doi song con ngiroi la VO cung dn thiSt. Do vay, dn phai thiSt kS ra mot

loai

cira tu dong khac phuc t6t nhimg nhucc diem cua cira thirong. Xuit phat tu· nhu

cftu do, cira n,r dong duce thiet kS la d€ tao ra loai cira vira duy tri nhimg yeu du

truce day vira khac phuc duce nhirng nhuoc diem cua cira thuong, Vi khi su

dung cira tu dong ngiroi dung khong phai true tisp tac dong tnrc tiSp Jen canh

cira ma v~n dong, mo cira theo y muon.

V6i tinh nang nay, cira tir dong mang lai nhirng thuan lei 16n cho nguoi

SU' dung nhu: NSu nguoi dung cira dang be vac mot v~t gi do thi cira tu dong

khong nhirng chi tao cam giac thoai rnai ma thuc sir da giup ngiroi dung tao

thuan loi cho con nguoi hoan thanh cong viec ma khong bi can tro. Su dung cira

tu dong se giup nguoi dung do t6n thoi gian d€ dong mo cira, Cua nr dong ro

rang mang lai cam giac thoai mai cho ngtroi dung, loai bo hoan toan cam giac,

ngai kho chiu nhtr khi dung cira thuong.

D~c biet a nhirng noi cong SO', cong cong thi cira tu dong cang phat huy uu

di€m. Do la cira tu dong giup cho qua trinh luu thong qua cira duce nhanh chong

d€ dang, ding nhir se giarn thieu duce nhimg va charn khi co nhieu ngiroi cung

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Dc;zi h9c ky thugt c6ng nghifp Thai

D6 an hi thong nhung GVHD: NGUYEN TIEN DUY

di qua. Them vao do, khi h~ thong may lanh duce sir dung kha rong rai nhu hien nay a cac noi cong so, cong cong: Neu ta dung cira thuong thi phai dam bao la cira luon dong de tranh thoat hoi lanh ra ngoai gay Jang phi. The nhung di€u naylai r~t kho thirc hien duce vi y thirc cua m6i ngiroi a nci cong cong la khac nhau. Do do, cira nr dong voi tinh chat la dong khi khong co nguoi qua lai da dap irngt6t duoc yeu cau nay.

Chinh vi nhfrng iru diem n6i b~t cua cira tu dong ma chung ta cang phai phat trien irng dung no rong rai hen, d6ng thoi nghien cuu de cai tien va nang caochat hrong heat dong cua cira tu dong de no ngay cang hien dai va tien ich hon.De nghien CUU mot each chinh xac Va cu the v€ CU'a tu dong, cftn phai che tao ramo hinh cira dong ma tu dong, mo ta hoat dong, hinh dang c~u tao cua no. Tumo hinh nay, ta co the quan sat va tim hieu hoat dong cua cira tu dong, ciing nhu CO the hrong tfU'O'C dUQ'C nhirng kho khan CO the g(tp phai khi che tao cira t1,1· dong tren thuc te. Cung tu mo hinh do ta co the thay diroc uu nhuoc diem cua thiet ke ma tir do khic phuc nhirng han che, phat huy the manh thiet ke cira nr dong uu

viet hon, hoan thien hon cho con ngiroi.

GIOl THlE:U M(>T SO LO~I CU A T\J D(>NG HifN NAY

Hien nay co nhieu loai cira tu dong nhu: cira keo, cira dfty, cira uon, ciratnrot ...

•:• Cua keo: La loai cira co ket du don gian voi mot dong ca duce gin c6

djnh voi trAn nha. Cua duce dong ca keo bang mot doan day. Vu diem cua loai cira nay la don gian nhimg hieu qua, canh cira chic chin. Co lenhircc diem cua loai cira nay la dong ca gin voi trAn nha vi vay cAn phai gin du chic de chiu duce sue nang cua cira. Do vay, trong thuc tenguoi ta it SU dung loai cira nay do nhiroc diem la phai gin du chic dSchiu sue nang neu khong se gay nguy hiern cho nguoi SU' dung

•:• Cua cu6n: Lo?i cua nay co kha nang cu<)n trcm l?i duqc. Khi co tin hi~u di€u khiSn dong ma cua, d<)ng ca cua cua se tac d<)ng qua m<)t tfl,lC cu6n cfra cu<)n tron quanh trl,lc do. Lo?i cua nay co uu diem la g9n


6


nhe tien dung va de SU' dung, chi dn mot dong ca cong suat nho. Thuong duce lam cira cho gara 6t6 . N6 co tinh kinh te cao vi de che tao nhung ding co nhiroc diem la cira kh6ng chic chin va de bi hong

hon cac loai cira khac.•!• Cira tnrot: Loai cira nay co d~c diem la co mot ranh c6 dinh cho phep

canh cira co the tnrot qua lai. Cira tnrot co nhieu loai, tuy thuoc vao hinh dang ranh tnrot nhu ranh thang thi la loai cira chuyen dong tinh tien con ranh tron thi la loai cira chuyen dong xoay tron, Loai cira nay thirong duce SU' dung trong CaC nha hang, khach san, San bay, sieu thi... Cira nay co iru diSm la ket du nhe nhang tao cam giac thoang dat,thoai mai va ljch sir


7


CHUONG II PHAN TiCH BA.I TOAN

Thiit ki mo hinb hj thbng ciea tl,I' il~ng dong mu sii' dung sensor cam hiin

2.1 cAc YEU cAu cuA M6 HINH cuA TV BONG

• Kich thiroc gen gang

• H~ thong ca hoat dong t6t

• H~ thong dien tot, heat dong dung theo thiet kS

• H~ thong cira dap (mg moi yeu ciu d~t ra.2.1.1 Yeu du v€ chuong trinh chung:

• Cira phai nr dong ma khi co nguoi hoac V?t th~ tiSn gin cira va dong lai khi ngiroi hoac V?t th~ each xa cira mot khoang.

• Cua thiet kS d~ co th~ dong ma thong minh. Co nghia la khi co tin hieu nguoi hoac V?t th~ thi cira ma ra voi van t6c v1 nhanh nhat d~ nguoihoac V?t th~ l?p rue co th~ ra vao. Khi cira ma gin hSt hanh trinh thi tu dong giam t6C dQ XU6ng V3 nho nhat d~ CU'a dung lai chinh XaC a CU6ihanh trinh ma. Khi hSt tin hieu nguoi hoac v?t thS sau mot khoang thoi gian tre khoang 5 giay, CU'a Se dong lai nhanh VO'i van t6C V2 . Khi gin hSt hanh trinh dong, thi cira giam t6c d(> xuong V3 dS tranh va cham giua hai canh cira. Khi cira dong lai, neu lai co tin hieu nguoi thi ciralai l?p tire ma ra.

2.1.2 Yeu ciu v€ CO' khi:


8


• Yeu du cua thiet kS la phai giong voi cira th?t ca v€ hinh thirc l~n ch~t hrong hoat dong, phai chic chin gen gang. Do do, viec thiet kS

ca khi


9


cho mo hinh ciing phai dam bao nhirng yeu du ky thuat nhu d6i voi cira that : khung cira, canh cua, ranh tnrot, xich, banh rang ...

• Dong CO' la loai dong CO' mot chieu duce d.p nguon boi ho chinh hru du 1 chieu va kSt hop voi ho dao chieu cho phep dong co co th€ quay thuan hoac quay nguoc.

2.1.3 Muc dich cua viec thiet kS:• Nghien ciru, che tao ra mo hinh cira tu dong nay giup cho sinh vien co

nhimg hiSu biSt sau s~c vs linh virc dieu khien thong minh va co th€ nam b~t diroc nhieu kien thirc vS cac nganh nghS nhu: dien tu, dien, co khi ...

• Viec tao ra mo hinh hoat dong t6t se tao diSu kien cho sinh vien co co

hci hoc t~p va nghien CU'U mot each thuc tS la mot CO' hci d.t t6t giupsinh vien khoi b5' ng5' khi lam viec thirc tS.

2.2 NHI$M V1J VA PHAN TICH NHIBM

vuNhiern vu cua d6 an rnon hoc la thiSt kS mo hinh cira tu dong dung

AT89C51 dS lam cira U)' dong ta dn biet :

Biit each d<Jc va dich datasheet cua cdc IC di biit nguyen Ii hoa: d~ng vachuc niing cua chung .

Lap trinh img dung ho Vi diSu khien AT89C5 l.

Lap trinh nr dS lam 1 san pham thuc tS la :

Bmrc 1: Di khao sat thi tnrong, tham do nhu du cua nguoi sir dung nhu muon thiet kS cong theo kiSu dang nae, khoi hrong cong bao nhieu, van hanh nhir thS nao

Burrc 2: Neu cac yeu du voi 1 cira tu dong ma thi tnrong dang dn va b~t d.lu ynrong thiet ks mo hinh san pham .

Burrc 3: Phan tich U'U nhuoc diem cua rung y nrong mot dS chon ra mo hinh cuoi cung.

Burrc 4: B~t tay vao lam san pham thuc va l~p trinh cho chay tlnr .

PO Pl P2 P3 Port's Bitro.o PLO P2.0 P3.0 DO

ro.1 Pl.l P2.1 P3.1 Dlro.2 Pl.2 P2.2 P3.2 02ro.3 Pl.3 P2.3 P3.3 03ro.4ro.s

Pl.4Pl.5

P2.4P2.5

P3.4P3.5

04DS

ro.6 Pl.6 P2.6 P3.6 06ro.1 Pl.7 P2.7 P3.7 07


1


CHU'ONG IIIGIOI THitU CAC THIET BJ, LINH KitN THIET KE

3.1 PHAN CUNG

3.1.1: Vi dieu khien AT89C51

vcc PO.O PO.t P0.2P0.3P0.4 34PO.S :;J cPM 32..£0.7 1

EA Vf •A-agesI ALE p

PSE\P2.7P2.SP2.S P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.tP2.0

Hl: Sa d6 chan AT98C5 l

Y NGHiA cAc CHAN AT89C51

•:• Chan 30 (ALE: Adress Latch Enable) la tin hieu dieu khien xuat ra, no cho phep phan kenh bus dia chi va bus dfr lieu cua port 0.

•:• Chan 31 (EA: Eternal Acess) duce dira xuong thtp cho phep chon b(>nho ma ngoai

·:· 32 chan con lai chia lam 4 cong vao ra:


1


Vao ra rue la c6 th~ dung chan d6 d~ doc mire logic.•!• PO nr chan 39 den chan 32 nrong irng la cac chan PO_ O den P0_7·:· P 1 nr chan 1 den chan 8 nrong irng la cac chan P 1 _0 den P 1 _7

•!• P2 nr chan 21 den chan 28 nrong irng la cac chan P2_0 den P2_7•!• P3 nr chan 10 dSn chan 17 nrong irng la cac chan P3_0 dSn P3_7

Rieng cong 3 c6 2 clnrc nang a m6i chan nhu tren hinh Hl:P3.0 -RxD : chan nhan du lieu n6i tiSp khi giao tiSp RS232. P3. l _ TxD : phan truyen du lieu n6i tiep khi giao tiSp RS232. P3.2 _ INTO : interrupt O, ngrtt ngoai 0.P3.3 _INTI: interrupt 1, ngilt ngoai 1. P3.4 _TO: TimerO, d§.u vao timerO. P3.5_Tl : Timerl, d§.u vao timer 1.P3.6_ WR: Write, dieu khien ghi du lieu. P3.7 _RD: Read , dieu khien doc du lieu,

Chan 18, 19 n6i voi thach anh tao thanh mach tao dao dong cho VDK. T§.n s6 thach anh thuong dung trong cac irng dung la : l 1.0592Mhz(giao tiSp voi cong com may tinh) va 12Mhz T§.n s6 t6i da 24Mhz. T§.n s6 cang Ion VDK xfr Iicang nhanh.

J 2 3 s6

PJ P2

Xung dao dong thach anh

Rieng cong 3 c6 them chirc nang nhir duoi day:P3.0 - RxD : chan nhan du lieu n6i tiep khi giao tiep RS232(C6ngCOM).P3.1 _ TxD: phan truyen du lieu n6i tiep khi giao tiSp RS232.


1


P3.2 _ INTO : interrupt O, ngat ngoai 0. P3. 3 _ INT 1 : interrupt 1, ngfit ngoai 1. P3.4 _TO : TimerO, d§.u vao timerO. P3.5_Tl : Timer l , d§.u vao timer 1.P3.6_ WR: Write, diSu khi~n ghi dfr lieu.P3.7 _RD: Read, dieu khien doc dfr lieu.Chan 18, 19 noi voi thach anh tao thanh mach tao dao dong cho VDK. T§.n s6 thach anh thirong duce dung trong cac irng dung la : l l .0592Mhz(giao ti~p voicong com may tinh) va t§.n s6 t6i da 24Mhz. T§.n s6 cang Ion VDK xir ly cang nhanh.

3.1.2 IC tao fin ap 7805( IC fin ap 5v)

Voi nhirng mach dien khong doi hoi d9 6n dinh cua di~n ap qua cao, SU' dungIC 6n ap thirong diroc nguoi thiet k~ SU' dung vi rnach di~n kha don gian. Cac

loai 6n ap thirong duoc sir dung la IC 78xx, voi xx la dien ap c§.n 6n ap. Vi du7805 6n ap 5V, 7812 6n ap 12V. Viec dung cac loai IC 6n ap 78xx nrong tunhau, diroi day la minh hoa cho IC 6n ap 7805:

(IN) - -counI

(GND)

Chan s6 1 la chan IN Chan s6 2 la chan GND

Sa d6 IC 7805

D6 an hi thong

nhung

GVHD: NGUYEN

1


Ngo ra OUT luon 6n dinh 6 5V du di~n ap nr nguon cung d.p thay d6i. Mach nay dung de bao v~ nhirng rnach di~n chi hoat dong 6 di~n ap 5V (cac loai IC thirong hoat dong 6 dien ap nay). NSu nguon dien c6 su c6 d9t ngot: dien ap tang cao thi mach dien v~n hoat dong 6n dinh nho c6 IC 7805 v~n gifr duoc dien ap 6 ngo ra OUT 5V khong d6i.

us

u-----'--1-1 VI N VOU T l--"-3-u

0zo

C\J

IC 6n ap 7805 : Dftu vao > 7V dftu ra 5V 500rnA. Mach 6n ap: dn cho VDK vi neu nguon cho VDK khong 6n dinh thi se treo VDK, khong chay dung, hoac reset lien tuc, tham chi la chst chip.


CLKR

:

-

1


3.1.3 B9 chuyen d6i nrong tu sang s6 ADC

a. Gioi thieu ve ADC 0804

20 +5V 150pF19

VXL

J WR CLKIN 4 10K ~5 INTR

11 DB71/) 12 DBsal 13~ DB5

14 DB4 V1N (+) 615 DB3 V1N (-) 716 DB2 AGND 8

} HI~u cAc DAU vAo

17 DB1 VREP'2 9 VREp/218 DBo DGND 10

- M9t s6 d~e tinh ky thuat cua ADC 0804

+ Khong yeu du mot giao dien logic nao de ghep noi voi VXL

+ Thai gian chuyen d6i nho hon 100 µ s

+ C6 b9 dao dong noi

- Nguyen ly heat dong cua ADC 0804:

ADC bit d~u hoat dong khi chan CS va WR d6ng thoi 6 rmrc thftp (tich

eve ).Chan INTR duce reset de 6 rmrc eao ( khong tich cue ) Tin hieu

analog O cac Chan VIN+ Va VIN- dU'Q'C dua VaO ]fty m~U Va ma hoa trong

8 xung clock n9i cua 0804. Sau d6 chan INTR duce chuyen xuong rmrc

thap

(tich eve) bao hieu cho vi dieu khien qua trinh chuyen d6i ADC da hoan illt.Vi dieu khien dira tin hieu rmrc th~p vao chan RD cua 0804 d€ l~y dfi' lien ra


1


(Chan RD va CS c6 th€ duoc n6i dftt). Qua trinh chuyen d6i ti~p theo lai b~t

dfru khi CS va WR nhan diroc tin hieu a rmrc thap ( tu vi dieu khien )

b. So d6 l~p mach ADC

+5V

202

-YIN+ 6 ~---- RD

7 3 >------- WR

V TN- 9 ADC0804 518

INTR

V REF/2

JOK

150pF

19

4

10 8 11

-

89C51


1


3.1.4 SENSOR CAM BIEN

Cam bien hong ngoai

+5

40KHz IR DETECTOR!OK 100

IOuF

Output

3.1.5 IC dieu khien dong ca L298

CURRENTSENS NG 8

-gT 13~===--_ - 12,_

cb._ ,. I===~

1110 1~= ===::=:i :iOUTPUT4

OUTPUT 3

II\PUT4ENA8LE 8

ultiwatt15

TA8 COt,.NECTEOTOP N 8

3LOGIC SUPPLY VOLTAGEVu

GNO

"PUT2 ENA8LE A

1,PUT1

SUPPLY VOLTAGEV1

OUTPUT2

OUTPUT 1

CURRENT SENS NG A

GND 20

Sense A 19

N.C. 18

Out 1 17

Out2 PowerS020 16

Vs 15

Input 1 14

EnebleA 13

lnput2 12

GND 10 11

""'"-''UI


1


+ Dien ap cftp Jen d€n 46V

+ T6ng Dong DC chiu dung Jen d€n 4A

+ Dien ap bao hoa

+ Chuc nang bao v~ qua nhiet

+ Dien ap logic'O'nr 1.5V tro xuong

• Tin cong suit ngo ra:IC L298 tich hop 2 tang cong suAt (A, B). Tfin cong suAt chinh la mach du va

ngo ra cua n6 c6 thS lai cac loai tai cam thong dung a nhieu ch€ d(> hoat dong

khac nhau (tuy thuoc vao sir di€u khien a ngo vao) .

Dong dien nr chan ngo ra chay qua tai d€n chan cam irng dong : dien tro ngoai

RsA, Rss cho phep viec cam irng cirong d(> dong di~n nay.

• Tin ngo vao:

M6i du diroc di€u khien lxri 4 cong ngo vao In 1, In2, EnA, va In3, In4, EnB. Cac

chan In c6 tac dung khi chan En a mire cao, khi chan En a rmrc thap, cac chan

ngo vao In a trang thai earn. TAt ca cac chan d€u tuong thich vci chuAn TTL.

3.1.6 D(>ng caSu dung dong ca l chieu DC - 12V. Dong ca c6 th€ dao chieu duoc tire la c6

th€ quay thuan va quay nguoc. Tac dung cua dong ca la: thuc hien lire keo d€

dong, mo cira theo mot chuong trinh duce l~p trinh s~n.

3.2 PHANMEM

3.2.1 Phfin mem mo phong mach:

Phftn mern Proteus

Proteus la mot phan mem mo phong va thi€t k€ mach in. Phan mem bao g6m 2

thanh phftn la ISIS va AREA.

1


PICDEM2+with PIC1SF452 ~

MICROCHIP

-


ISIS la phan mo phong mach, no co the mo phong ca mach s6 va mach nrong nr,

tuy nhien, diem manh nhat la no tich hop rftt nhieu thir vien linh kien s6, dac biet la vi di~u khien. Trong qua trinh thiet ke mach s6, cin mo phong phan rnern cuavi di~u khien nhu PIC, A VR, 8051, ... thi day la phan mern ly nrong nhat, Ben

canh do, no con tich hop mo phong mach nrong tu, mo phong ngon ngfr mo ta

phan cung Verilog, ...

AREA la phan thiet ke mach in, ban kha nhe, chay day kha thong minh, tuy

nhien viec quan ly, sip xep vi tri khi co nhieu linh kien chua hieu qua lam.

·3.2.2 Ngon ngfr l~p trinh

Man hinh ISIS

Gioi thieu chung v~ hop ngfr assembly

Hop ngfr (assembly language) la mot ngon ngfr cftp thftp dung de viet cac

chirong trinh may tinh. Cach dung cac thuat nho (mnemonics) than thien d€ viet


1


chirong trinh da thay the each lap trinh true tiep len may tinh bang ma may dang s6 (numeric machine code) - tung ap dung cho nhimg may tinh dfiu tien - von rfit met nhoc, de gay 16i va t6n nhieu thoi gio. M<)t chuong trinh viet bang hop ngfr se duce djch sang ng6n ngfr may bang mot tien ich goi la trinh hop djch. Luu y rang, trinh hop dich khac hoan toan voi trinh bien dich, von dung d~ bien dich

cac ng6n ngfr dp cao sang cac chi thi lenh cfip thfip ma sau d6 se duce trinh hop dich chuyen d6i sang ng6n ngfr may. Cac chirong trinh hop ngfr thuong phu thuoc chat che vao mot kien true may tinh xac dinh, n6 khac voi ng6n ngfr dp cao thuong d<)c l~p d6i voi cac n~n tang kien true phan cirng. Nhi~u trinh hop dich phirc tap ngoai cac tinh nang CO' ban con Cung dp them cac CO' che giup cho

viec viet chuong trinh, kiern scat qua trinh dich ciing nhir viec go r6i duce de dang ban. Hop ngfr da tung duce dung rong rai trong tfit ca cac khia canh l~p trinh, nhirng ngay nay n6 c6 xu huong chi duce dung trong mot s6 lanh V\l'C

hep, chu yeu d~ giao tiep tnrc tiep voi phan cirng hoac XU ly cac vfin d~ lien quan

den t6c de) cao di~n hinh nhu cac trinh di~u khien thiet bi, cac h~ thong nhung dp thap Va cac img dung thoi gian thuc ..



CHUONG IV

THIET KE TONG QUAT PHAN CUNG

4.1 SO' d6 kh6i:

K h 0J...1nguo"n

Tao xung dao d9ng

Vi -E>i~u Khi~n

AT89C51 l>i~u khiend9ng co·DC

Reset

So d6 kh6i tong quat

19

-''



Motor DriverSpeed

BQ di~u khi~nbfug tay I------,

Ngu6n hroi

Ngu6nAcquy

Sensor

Chuyenrnach, baov~

Chieu, onloff

Manual control

Autodoor control

Sa d6 kh6i chi ti~t

4.2 Sa hroc chirc nang cua rung khoi

4.2.1 Kb6i nguon

Kb6i nguon cho VDK:

JB U3014 12V LM7805 +5V

2

C16 22

=:z:(.!) 23 24 27

015 016

2200u 104 1100uF 104 1025.1V \ RED

\

20



Nguen nuoi cua vi di€u khien la nguon DC 5V, sau khi qua bien ap 12V, dien ap xoay chieu 220V se con 12V va diroc dira qua chinh hru thanh dong 1 chieu, sau khi qua IC 6n ap 7805,di~n ap ra con 5V va duce dira vao vi di€u khien.

Day la mach dung de tao ra nguon dien ap chuan +5V. Sfr dung IC7805. Dftu vao la di~n ap xoay chieu sau khi duce bien d6i qua may bien th€, dira vao b9Diod cftu de cho ra dong dien mot chi€u( luc nay dien ap nam trong khoang tu 7-> 1 OV). Sau khi di qua IC 6n ap 7805 se tao ra nguon di~n ap chuan +5V cungdp cho mach.

4.2.2 Kh6i thu hong ngoai-So d6 nguyen ly:

Thu vo KL US

+5V

Encoder

Kh6i nay g6m m~t thu hong ngoai U5 co v5 boc bang kirn loai d€ chong nhi~u.

Hinh dang ben ngoai nhir hinh tren

Cau tao bang chat ban d~n co 3 chan:

Chan 1 dira tin hieu ra (OUT).

Chan 2 n6i mass (GND).

21

2



Chan 3 n6i nguon +5V (VCC).

+ Dien tro R50 va tu hoa C2 l co tac dung Ice nhi~u.

+ Chan tin hieu OUT duce n6i voi chan ngat ngoai cua vi dieu khien (Encoder).

- Nguyen ly heat d<)ng:

Khi Remote phat tin hieu hong ngoai thi mat thu se nhan duce, tin hieu thu

duce nho tu C2 l va tro R50 loc nhieu r6i dua tin hieu v€ chan ngat ngoai INTO

cua vi dieu khien.

4.2.3 Kh6i Reset

vcc

Ull1 24 3

C7

R8I Ok

--GND

+lOuF

Kh6i RESET co tac dung dira vi di€u khien v€ trang thai ban dftu. Khi nut

Reset duce ~n di~n ap +5V nr ngucn duce n6i vao chan Reset cua vi di€u khien

duce chay thing xuong d~t luc nay dien ap tai chan vi di€u khi~n thay d6i

d9t ngot v€ 0, VDK nhan biet duce sir thay d6i nay va khoi dong lai trang thai ban dftu cho h~ thong.


2


4.2.4 Kh6i dieu khien

vcc vcc vcc

R9 RIO RllIOK IOK IOK

Ul2 Ul3 Ul4I_._ 2 C'TI I_._ 2 CT2 I_._ 2 en4 3 4 3 4 3

cs C9 CIO

104 104 104. . .

GKD G>ID G>ID

G6m 3 nut in, heat dong tuong tu nut Reset. Khi in nut thi chan 2,3 dU'Q'C n6i voi chan 1,4 dira dien ap xuong dit hie nay dien ap tai 2 chan 2,3 bing O lam cho vi dieu khi~n nhan bi1h dU'Q'C su thay df>i nay Va thuc hien lenh cftn dieu

khien.Nut thtr nhit lam dong ca dung . Nut thir hai lam dong ca quay thuan, nut3 lam dong ca quay nghich.

·o

-


2


4.2.5 Kh6i tao xung dao d<)ng

12 XTAL213 XTALI

T-1 2 Atmega t o

I 11

12Ylliz c11 c12

22pF 22pF

-GND

4.2.6 Kh6i di€u khien trung tam

Vi di€u khien AT89C51 la phan tu thu nhap xu ly thong tin va dira ra cac tin hieu di€u khi€n thiet bi.


Khong c6 tin hi~u

Tinhi~u sensor va h~t thoi gia sensor

Thoaman

Vijt can

C


4.3 D~c ta h~ thong FSM

C~c h~ dong

n

25

routine

control

routine

routine



4.4 Sa d6 Call graph

Motor

Sensor

B9DKbang tay

software

26

..



CHUONGVSO DO M~CH HOAN CHiNH

5.1 SO' d6 nguyen ly mach

RP1IUSP,\Cl(.,8

U1

,

RV1QJ

02""°'

04""°'

27

2Dai hoc ky thudt c6ng nghiep Thai

PZirM •hIP2UAI

P221'A1J •P:Z3'AttPl"'MZ IP?MAO •

P?A

'At• P

271AW ~----- .. .. ..

• '

111 voe wIIZ OIT1Il:l:A o,n~--':!!::JEll OITJ

-


5.2 K~t qua chay thu'

: Ri>i:• AaPACK.I. 1,(£,\.

···~c~-n. ..::= ....

•.• ·1~U1' ''XTAU ,oa,.m ·

' " " ' " " " " . : : : .,. XTAll

..,OttA•t

:~::,a tlAk!'CIMA• f.,.------µ.l,.J,OMAN~.-------.._+-'

pe'-------PQ,llAllf

·+·

RP2: .RDl!N:11(1, ,

. . .


2Dai hoc ky thudt c6ng nghiep Thai

6.1. So· d6 thu~t toan

CHU'ONGVI

THIET KE CHUONG TRINH

khong cotin hieu

co tinhieu

Mire logic cao

Cua dirng yen

Gioi han mo

Gioi handong

3



6.2 Churrng trinh lip trinh cho vi di~u khi~n AT89C51

Code chuong trinh nqp cho AT89C51

#include <sfr5 l. inc>CA BIT P0.5D

-A BIT

P0.6EN A BIT P0.7FW BIT P3.5STOP BIT P3.4REV BIT P3.3START BIT P3.2DATAl EQU Pl DEM EQU Rl CHIEUQUAY EQU R5

PWM EQU 30H TRANG THAI EQU R6ORGOOOOH

ORGOOOBH

ORGOOlBH

ORG 0030HSETUP:

LJMP SETUP

LJMPNGATTO

LJMPNGATTl

SETB EA SETB ETO SETB ETlMOV DATAl,#255


SETB

3


MAIN:

KTREV:

KTSTOP:

NGATTl:

MOV TMOD,#1 lHMOV THO,#HIGH(-1000) MOV TLO,#LOW(-1000) MOV THl,#HIGH(-5000) MOV TLl,#LOW(-5000) SETB TROSETB TRlMOVPWM,#1MOVDEM,#0

JB FW,KTREV JNB FW,$MOV TRANG THAI,# lJMPMAIN

JB REV,KTSTOP JNBREV,$MOV TRANGTHAI,#2JMPMAIN

JB STOP,MAIN JNB STOP,$

LCALL DUNGCHA Y MOV TRANGTHAI,#3

JMPMAIN

CLR TRIMOV THl,#HIGH(-5000) MOV TLl,#LOW(-5000) SETB TRl


3


NGATTO:

DIEUXUNG:

KTTIEP:

NGUOC:

KTTIEPl:

LCALL READ AD RETI

CLR TROMOV THO,#HIGH(-1000) MOV TLO,#LOW(-1000) SETB TROPUSHACCMOVA,PWMCINE A,#0,DIEUXUNG JMPTHOAT TO

CINE TRANGTHAI,#1,NGUOC INC DEMMOVA,DEMCINE A,PWM,KTTIEP LCALL DUNGCHA Y

CINE DEM,#100,THOAT_TO LCALL CHA YTHUAN MOVDEM,#0LJMP THOAT TO

CINE TRANGTHAI,#2,THOAT_TO INC DEMMOVA,DEMCINE A,PWM,KTTIEP 1LCALL DUNGCHA Y

CINE DEM,#100,THOAT_TO MOVDEM,#0


3


THOAT TO:

READ AD:

CHAYTHUAN:

CHAYNGUOC:

DUNGCHAY:

DELAYlOOUS:

END

LCALL CHA YNGUOC

POPACC

RETI

CLRSTARTLCALL DELAYlOOUS SETB STARTMOV PWM,DATAlRET

SETBEN A CLRC A SETBD A RET

SETBEN A SETB CA CLRD A RET

SETBEN A CLRC A CLRD A RET

MOVR7,#60DJNZ R7,$

RET

3


D6 an h¢ thong nhung GVHD: NGUYEN TIENDUY

HU'o·ng phat tri~n cua d6 an mon hoc

Thiit ki hj thbng cica t{I' d~ng thong minh cho tuong lai

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Huy.N. V. (2008). Bai giang: Hi thong nhung. Dai hoc ky thuat c6ng nghiepThai Nguyen

2. Cong, N. H. (2007). H¢ thong nhung va su phat tridn cua linh V~'C c6ng ngh¢cao "JC". DH KTCN Thai Nguyen.

3. Vi~t, T. L. (2008). HE THONG DIEU KHIEN NHUNG. Ha Nc)i: DH BKHN.

4. Wikipedia. (2010). Retrieved from Wikipedia, Bach khoa toan thu ma:

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%El %BB%87 th%El %BB%91ng nh%C3%BAn g

Documents

Đồ Án Thiết Kế Mô Hình Hệ Thống Cửa Tự Động Đóng Mở Sử Dụng Sensor Cảm Biến - Luận Văn, Đồ Án, Đề Tài Tốt Nghiệp