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US DOE Green Energy budget request for FY 2013
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FY 2013 Budget Request U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Henry Kelly, Acting Assistant Secretary
February 14, 2012
2
“… I will not walk away from the
promise of clean energy. I will not walk
away from workers … I will not cede
the wind or solar or battery industry …
It’s time … to double down on a clean
energy industry that has never been
more promising.”
- President Obama, State of the Union, 24 January 2012
Message from the President
3
U.S. Energy Supplies and Demand in 2009
Electricity Use by Sector
4
Administration Goals
Transport
• Reduce oil imports by 1/3 by 2025.
• Put 1 million electric vehicles on the road by
2015.
Buildings and Manufacturing
• Make non-residential buildings 20 percent more
energy-efficient by 2020.
Clean Generation
• By 2035, generate 80 percent of electricity from a
diverse set of clean energy sources.
Environmental
• Cut GHG emissions in the range of 17 percent
below 2005 levels by 2020, and 83 percent by
2050.
Security:
• Advance domestic energy resources.
• Diverse supplies.
Environment:
• Achieve 80 percent reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Improve water and air quality (indoor and outdoor).
Economy:
• Low cost energy services.
• Competitiveness.
• Clean energy business opportunities.
• Clean energy jobs.
5
EERE Goals
Buildings
• Improve building energy efficiency 50
percent, in a cost-effective manner, by
2030.
• 1 million homes weatherized by 2013.
Industry • Reduce energy consumption of
manufactured goods across targeted
product life-cycles by 50 percent or more.
Federal Sustainability • Reduce federal energy demand by 30
percent by 2015 (2003 base).
• Reduce federal GHG emissions by 28
percent by 2020 (2008 base).
Transportation • Reduce oil imports 1/3rd by 2025 and diversify
fuel mix:
Biomass – Less than $3/gallon (GGE) for
drop-in fuels such as renewable gasoline,
diesel, and jet fuel.
Cars able to achieve fuel economy >60mpg
by 2025.
Batteries 1/2 today's price in 2015, 1/4
today's price in 2020.
Fuel cells for vehicles $30/kW; 5000 hour
duration.
Battery cost based on 2011 modeled cost of $600/kWh.
Clean Electricity: 80 percent by 2035 • Renewable electricity competitive with conventional
sources without subsidies in:
Solar (SunShot initiative).
Wind - Offshore and Land Utility wind to contribute
20 percent by 2030 (300GW).
Water - Cost-competitive conventional hydropower
and marine and hydrokinetic water power.
Geothermal.
6
EERE Budget Trends: FY 2004 – FY 2013
Current Appropriation
7
EERE Budget Summary
ProgramsFY 2011
Current
FY 2012
Enacted
FY 2013
Request
Renewable Energy $ Change % Change
Biomass and Biorefinery R&D 179,979 199,276 270,000 70,724 35.49%
Geothermal Technology 36,992 37,862 65,000 27,138 71.68%
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies 95,847 103,624 80,000 (23,624) -22.80%
Solar Energy 259,556 288,951 310,000 21,049 7.28%
Water Power 29,201 58,787 20,000 (38,787) -65.98%
Wind Energy 78,834 93,254 95,000 1,746 1.87%
Energy Efficiency
Advanced Manufacturing 105,899 115,580 290,000 174,420 150.91%
Building Technologies 207,310 219,204 310,000 90,796 41.42%
Federal Energy Management Program 30,402 29,891 32,000 2,109 7.06%
Vehicle Technologies 293,151 328,807 420,000 91,193 27.73%
Weatherization & Intergovernmental 231,300 128,000 195,000 67,000 52.34%
Corporate
Facilities and Infrastructure 51,000 26,311 26,400 89 0.34%
Program Direction 170,000 165,000 164,700 (300) -0.18%
Strategic Programs 32,000 25,000 58,900 33,900 135.60%
Subtotal, EERE 1,801,471 1,819,547 2,337,000
Use of Prior Year Balances (29,750) (9,909) 0
Cancellation of Prior Year Balances 0 0 (69,667)
Total, EERE 1,771,721 1,809,638 2,267,333
FY13 vs FY12
(Dollars in Thousands)
8
Realignment of Budget Structure
EERE has aligned its budget structure to be consistent with the approach
used to manage its investment portfolio
• Manage the flow of technology development from research and innovation through the stages
of product and process development necessary to bring a technology to private sector
commercialization.
• Includes stage gates that result in new data which supports the movement of promising
technologies to the next series of TRLs and/or feedback for the necessary revisions or added
research, development and deployment.
• Identifies, prioritizes, and determines the critical path and performance necessary to achieve
program goals.
Technology Readiness Level Approach
9
Realignment of Budget Structure
Budget Structure
Innovations RD&D initiatives to identify innovative breakthrough
technical concepts in energy technology.
Emerging Technologies RD&D initiatives to convert innovations into
practical technologies and products.
Systems Integration RD&D initiatives to integrate technologies into
functional and efficient energy systems.
Market Barriers RD&D initiatives to accelerate the adoption of
energy technologies into the market (codes and
standards; streamlined regulations).
Technology Readiness Level
(TRL)*
* Does not include EERE Corporate Programs or
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Activities
10
Technology Crosscut: Energy Efficiency
ProgramInnovations
(Research)
Emerging
Technologies
(Development)
Systems
Integration
(Demonstration)
Market Barriers
(Deployment)Total
Advanced Manufacturing
15,000 19,000 0 0 34,000
Processing 20,500 82,000 102,500 0 205,000
Technology Deployment 0 0 0 31,000 31,000
Hub: Energy Innovation for Critical Materials 9,695 9,695 0 0 19,390
Better Buildings 0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Buildings Integration 0 0 81,000 0 81,000
Codes and Standards 0 0 0 98,250 98,250
Energy Star 0 0 0 2,000 2,000
Hub: Building Innovation Hub 750 3,000 10,450 9,383 23,583
Solid State Lighting 6,778 6,773 2,819 8,700 25,070
Battery/Energy Storage 91,460 68,030 0 3,510 163,000
Power Electronics and Electric Motors 30,727 15,285 0 988 47,000
Advanced Combustion Engines (minus SuperTruck) 30,309 19,010 0 2,713 52,032
Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing (minus SuperTruck) 2,014 28,381 9,393 9,463 49,251
Supertruck 0 12,717 0 0 12,717
Fuels Technologies 7,575 3,700 675 50 12,000
Materials Technologies 26,244 22,708 0 1,048 50,000
Outreach, Deployment & Analysis 55 3,505 3,975 26,465 34,000
Building Technologies
Vehicle Technologies
Category
(Dollars in Thousands/Does Not Include SBIR/STTR)
Materials
11
Technology Crosscut: Renewable Energy
Program
Innovations
(Research)
Emerging
Technologies
(Development)
Systems
Integration
(Demonstration)
Market Barriers
(Deployment)Total
Advanced Feedstocks 1,600 8,700 6,700 0 17,000
Algae Feedstock 5,000 25,000 0 0 30,000
Biochemical 44,590 13,910 0 0 58,500
Thermochemical 22,325 35,175 0 0 57,500
Integrated Biorefineries 0 0 56,380 37,620 94,000
Analysis and Sustainability 2,320 2,880 0 4,800 10,000
Biopower 1,500 1,500 0 0 3,000
Enhanced Geothermal Systems 21,154 21,339 1,134 0 43,627
Fuel Cell Systems R&D 27,740 8,360 1,900 0 38,000
Hydrogen Fuel R&D 22,410 4,590 0 0 27,000
Manufacturing R&D 940 1,060 0 0 2,000
Technology Validation 0 250 4,750 0 5,000
Systems Analysis 1,950 600 330 120 3,000
Safety, Codes and Standards 1,050 1,550 0 2,400 5,000
Photovoltaic R&D 25,993 40,913 0 0 66,906
Innovations in Manufacturing / Validation for SunShot 12,000 24,000 75,000 0 111,000
Concentrating Solar Power 21,072 19,900 4,800 0 45,772
Systems Integration (Hard BOS) 3,672 25,650 14,500 0 43,822
Market Transformation (Soft BOS) 8,375 8,375 0 25,750 42,500
Conventional Hydropower 0 0 2,939 1,673 4,612
Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology 3,080 6,783 4,129 786 14,778
Distributed 845 532 578 257 2,212
13,675 8,603 9,358 4,157 35,793Offshore
Wind Energy
Geothermal Technology
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
Solar Energy
Water Power
Biomass and Biorefinery Systems RD&D
Category
(Dollars in Thousands/Does Not Include SBIR/STTR)
12
Scientific Understanding Produces Improved or New Technologies
Overcoming Technological Barriers Needs New Scientific Understanding
Basic Science Research
Feasibility Research
Technology Development
Technology Demonstration
Small Scale Deployment
Large Scale Deployment
RIS
K
High Risk, High Payoff Office of Science
ARPA-E
EERE
Energy Innovation Hubs
Venture Capital & Small Businesses
EFRCs
Private Equity/Capital &
Large Corporations
Loan Guarantee Program
Govt. Procurement
Scale up of Business-
Ready Technologies
by Private Industry
EERE Guiding Principles: Leveraging Technology Investments
13
EERE Design Principles
• Rigorous review of all projects and programs based on consistent analysis
and the best available data:
Is the problem worth solving (will a solution contribute significantly to
meeting national goals)?
Is there a realistic opportunity of success (commercial products far from
theoretical potential; major market failure)?
Is work by other organizations (public and private) adequate?
Is it time for EERE to stop (is it time to move on to new areas)?
• Core Strategies
Core R&D goal is clean technologies that can compete without subsidies.
Core deployment goal: identify market barriers, use tools available to
EERE effectively to address them.
• Optimize the portfolio: EE vs. RE, TRL level.
• Form partnerships with business, academic, government groups where
appropriate.
14
Management…efficient, transparent, flexible…continuously improved
• Streamlined procurement and personnel processes.
• Built strong program teams with program officers empowered to develop creative
program solicitations, and manage them effectively. Managers empowered to
follow projects closely and terminate projects that are failing to meet goals.
• Increased the amount of work selected through open solicitations and peer
review.
• Strengthened and streamlined the peer review process.
• In FY10 and FY11, EERE discontinued or terminated funding for 25 financial
assistance awards due to lack of technical progress resulting in over $50 million in
"recovered funds."
• The Strategic Programs Office manages crosscutting activities efficiently, avoiding
duplication, and ensuring consistency in analytical approaches including:
Strategic analysis;
International programs;
Training and education (curricula and tools);
Research management policy;
Innovation and deployment activities; and
Communications and outreach.
15
National Renewable Energy Laboratory: EERE’s National Lab
• FY13 Focus
Enhancement of scientific capabilities
o Strategically build on strong areas, such as, solar, biomass, and wind.
o Phase out non-core mission areas.
o Strong management to ensure quality products and close coordination
with DOE goals.
Effective use of
o User facilities.
o CRADAs and other partnerships with industry and universities.
16
EERE Impact
Refrigerators: Half the price and 75 percent more efficient.
Windows: 3x better performance (insulation) widely
available; 5x better now on the market.
Lighting: 75 percent+ lower cost to operate (LEDs and CFLs).
Strategic EERE and private sector innovation and investments
have led to wider clean energy deployment and better
products now commonly used or near market entry:
Batteries: 35 percent cost reduction for hybrid and EV car
batteries; Nearly every hybrid electric vehicle sold in the U.S. today
uses battery technology initially developed with Energy Department
support.
17
EERE Impact
Solar: Innovations contributing to 10x PV cost reduction up to 2010.
Wind: Nearly 47 GW of installed capacity in the U.S.; wind energy installations
represent over 35 percent of all new installed capacity over the last 4 years.
Biofuels: Cellulosic (non-food) biofuels are becoming close to cost-competitive
with other fuels.
Vehicles: Technologies that saved businesses more than $7.5 billion and
helped manufacturers meet fuel economy standards.
Fuel Cells: R&D contributing to more than 80 percent estimated cost reduction
of automotive fuel cell technologies since 2002.
Manufacturing: Combined Heat and Power sites increased by 9x, reducing
energy costs by up to 50 percent for some manufacturers.
18
EERE Recent Accomplishments
Batteries: Licensed technology that can pack 50-100 percent more energy
into the same space compared to conventional cathodes, enabling smaller,
lighter batteries.
Solar: $60M in EERE-funded research leveraged more than $1.6B in private
capital since 2007.
Geothermal: First demo-scale facility to extract high-quality and cost-
competitive battery materials from geothermal brines; potential to produce
enough lithium for hundreds of thousands of vehicle batteries per year.
Water: Developed a fish-friendly water turbine with a 98 percent survival rate
and no decrease in energy conversion performance.
Note: This chart was updated on Feb. 14, 2012.The SunShot (solar) Incubator program has now
leveraged $1.6B in private capital since 2007. DOE budget documents reference $1.3B, an earlier total.
19
Appliances: Standards issued since 2009 will save consumers hundreds of
billions of dollars through 2030; plan to issue nine new standards through
2013 to save consumers an additional hundreds of billions over 35 years.
Renewables: Industry added enough non-hydro renewable generation in
2010 to power 2M homes; renewables now provide 10 percent of U.S.
generation.
Weatherization: Improved the energy performance of 750,000 homes for low-
income and other Americans since 2009, supporting more than 13,200 jobs in
the quarter ending December 2011.
EERE Recent Accomplishments
20
Program Request
Renewable Energy
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Geothermal Technology
• Water Power
• Hydrogen & Fuel Cell
Technologies
• Biomass & Biorefinery R&D
Energy Efficiency
• Building Technologies
• Vehicle Technologies
• Advanced Manufacturing
• Federal Energy Management
Program
• Weatherization &
Intergovernmental
Corporate
• Strategic Programs
21
Building Technologies
Budget Request
Program Overview
• Accelerates the availability of innovative, highly efficient building
technologies and practices through RD&D.
• Saves consumers money through increasing the minimum
efficiency of new buildings and equipment through model building
efficiency codes and the promulgation of national lighting and
appliance standards.
• Encourages the use of energy-efficient and renewable energy
technologies and practices in residential and commercial buildings
and demonstrates them at a convincing scale through market
integration activities such as Better Buildings, Building America,
the ENERGY STAR partnership with EPA, and continuous
improvement programs.
Technology and Focus Areas • Residential Buildings Integration will continue to develop technologies
and practices to make new and existing homes 30-50 percent more
energy-efficient than are deployed in the Building America, Better
Buildings Neighborhood and Home Performance with ENERGY STAR
activities. The program is near completion of analyzing business models
and lessons learned by successful contractors for dissemination to
stakeholders interested in developing retrofit programs.
• Commercial Buildings Integration will continue to develop a
reliable/reputable national commercial building disclosure method and
associated asset and operational ratings. Work with industry by providing
technical support to stimulate demand for more efficient commercial
building technologies such as commercial roof top units, lighting and
refrigeration specifications, etc.
• Codes and Standards will increase the scope and effectiveness of its
energy conservation standards by accelerating the test procedure and
standards rulemakings that are currently scheduled and initiate
approximately 6 new conservation standards rulemakings and the
corresponding test procedure rulemakings.
• Sensors and Control R&D will direct competitive awards at projects
within the emerging technology stage of development with topics such as
the development of enhanced sensor networks and/or a superior controls
platform to optimize building energy performance.
• Solid-State Lighting will conduct the applied R&D needed to fill
technology gaps, provide enabling knowledge or data, and advance the
technical knowledge base for Solid-State Lighting to be used for general
illumination applications.
22
Vehicle Technologies
Technology and Focus Areas
• Battery/Energy Storage will focus on research in the areas of
extremely high energy battery chemistries for use in Electric Vehicles
(EVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and high power
systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which offer the promise of
significantly lower system costs by reducing the amount of material,
processing costs and the number of cells needed. The focus in this
area will be new materials and electrode couples that offer a
significant improvement in either energy or power.
• Advanced Combustion Engines will focus on improving the fuel
economy of passenger and commercial vehicles through
improvements in engine efficiency. Research on advanced
combustion regimes, including homogeneous charge compression
ignition (HCCI) and other modes of low-temperature combustion, lean-
burn gasoline, and multi-fuel operation, is aimed at achieving this
objective.
• Power Electronics and Electric Motors will focus on advanced, low-
cost technologies and topologies compatible with the high-volume
manufacturing of motors, inverters, and DC/DC converters for electric
drive vehicles with emphasis on R&D for advanced packaging,
enhanced reliability, and improved manufacturability.
• Materials Research will focus on enabling the weight reduction of
vehicles by addressing fundamental technical barriers and developing
new materials such as advanced high strength steels, aluminum,
magnesium, carbon fiber, and carbon fiber composites.
Budget Request
Program Overview
• Suite of technology RD&D includes transportation electrification to
lightweight materials, advanced combustion engines, and non-
petroleum fuels and lubricant technologies.
• Transportation electrification activities include emerging battery
technologies and innovative battery manufacturing processes,
power electronics, and electric motors.
• Early demonstration, field validation, and market barrier reduction
of advanced technologies and efforts to reduce the vehicle miles
traveled by the public.
23
Advanced Manufacturing
Budget Request
Program Overview
• New RD&D program focus on innovative energy-efficient
manufacturing processes and materials technologies.
• Accelerated activities to develop broadly applicable manufacturing
process technologies and pervasive advanced industrial materials
that will enable U.S. companies to cut the costs of manufacturing
by using less energy while improving quality and accelerating
product development.
• Demonstration of materials and processes at a convincing scale
to prove reductions in energy intensity and in the life-cycle energy
consumption of manufactured products.
• Promotes a corporate culture of continuous improvement in
energy efficiency among existing facilities and manufacturers to
improve competitiveness using today’s cost-effective
technologies.
Technology and Focus Areas • Next Generation Manufacturing Processes R&D’s Innovative
Manufacturing Initiative (IMI) will support cost-shared R&D of
transformational manufacturing processes and materials technologies
that advance the clean energy economy by increasing industrial and
manufacturing energy efficiency. The IMI Funding Opportunity
Announcement (FOA) generated an overwhelming response from
industry that included over 1,400 Letters of Intent requesting a total
$4.3 billion in support. Manufacturing Demonstration Facilities provide
a multi-user R&D infrastructure around targeted technical areas that
will facilitate the development and exploitation of energy-efficient,
rapid, flexible manufacturing technologies and promote broad and
rapid dissemination of manufacturing technologies.
• Next Generation Materials R&D will support the Energy Innovation
Hub for Critical Materials (CM) and complements the Administration’s
Materials Genome Initiative (MGI). The CM will assess the
functionality of critical materials in specific application domains and
investigate scalable manufacturing technologies that reduce the need
for or make the use of critical materials in these domains obsolete.
• Technology Deployment will support the Better Buildings, Better
Plants program and the shift of the Clean Energy Application Centers
into the Technology Deployment budget for a more integrated and
consistent deployment effort. The Program will also continue to
support the launch of credible, transparent industrial energy efficiency
education and certification programs.
24
Federal Energy Management Program
Program Overview
• Facilitates the Federal Government’s implementation of sound,
cost-effective energy management and investment practices to
achieve energy, water, GHG, and other sustainability goals.
• Helps Federal Government lock in lifecycle savings of over 47
trillion Btus each year.
• Will reinvigorate the Federal Energy Efficiency Fund to provide
direct funding and leveraged cost-sharing at federal agencies for
capital projects and other initiatives to increase energy efficiency,
water conservation and renewable energy investments.
• Facilitates DOE meeting its sustainability goals.
Budget Request
Technology and Focus Areas • Project Financing will assist agencies to meet the goals set forth in the
Presidential Memorandum on Performance Contracting (December 3, 2011)
which tasks federal agencies to enter into a minimum of $2 billion in
performance-based contracts in federal building energy efficiency by December
2013.
• Technical Guidance & Assistance will provide analytical support to federal
agencies for implementation of more energy-efficient laboratories, new
technology deployment, development of federal agency efficiency standards,
specification of energy-efficient products for agency procurement, energy
assessments, and assistance to help other agencies develop comprehensive
planning and internal processes to reduce their energy use and to achieve
federal water consumption goals.
• Planning, Reporting & Evaluation will provide services including the collection,
tracking and verification of federal data (as required by Congress), managing
recognition awards program, leading strategic communication and marketing.
• Federal Fleet will assist federal agencies with technical assistance to reduce the
fleets’ total consumption of petroleum products by two percent annually through
the end of FY 2015, relative to their respective baselines for FY 2005.
• Federal Energy Efficiency Fund will be reinvigorated in FY 2013. This
authorized program will provide government-wide assistance and grants to
agencies to help them leverage federal and private sector funding to meet
mandated energy efficiency and water requirements.
• DOE Specific Investments will ensure the integration, coordination and
reporting of sustainability efforts across the Department. DOE is committed to
reducing its Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions by 28 percent and Scope 3
emissions by 13 percent by 2020.
25
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Activities
Budget Request
Key Deployment and Focus Areas
• Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) funds formula grant
projects, which reduce national energy consumption and energy costs
for low-income families. FY 2013 support will result in over 21,000
residential energy retrofits. Additionally, in FY 2013 WAP will expand
certified training programs for thousands of workers in residential
energy retrofits and other energy-related fields.
• State Energy Program (SEP) will award 56 formula grants to maintain
the viability and capacity of the State Energy Office network and
upgrade energy emergency plans. Competitively selected cooperative
agreements will support 15-20 state-wide highly leveraged clean
energy projects in FY 2013. Furthermore, SEP will assist grantees
with the design and implementation of sustainable energy programs
through provision of policy and financial “best practice” tools.
• Tribal Energy Activities will award competitive grants for the
assessment and planning of sustainable energy options, renewable
energy installations, and cost-effective energy efficiency projects.
Additionally, this activity will develop tools for leveraging existing public
and private financing to accelerate the deployment of tribal energy
projects.
Program Overview
• Support clean energy deployment in partnership with State, local,
U.S. territory, and tribal governments.
• Support energy-efficient home retrofits which lower energy use
and costs for low income families while training the retrofit
workforce and improving the quality of the workforce.
• Provide technical and financial resources to improve local utility,
renewable energy, building code, and building retrofit policies.
• Support feasibility assessments and implementation plans for
clean energy projects on Tribal lands.
26
Solar Energy
Budget Request
Program Overview
The Solar Energy Technologies Program supports the SunShot
Initiative’s mission to develop solar energy technologies through a
collaborative national push to make solar photovoltaic (PV) and
concentrated solar power (CSP) energy technologies cost-
competitive with fossil fuel-based energy by reducing the cost of
solar energy systems by 50 to 75 percent before 2020.
Technology and Focus Areas • PV Module will continue to focus on innovation through R&D efforts, which
remain a key focus of the program’s activities. Increasing cell efficiency,
improving reliability, and experimenting with new forms for novel applications
are critical to the program’s goals. The program has re-focused its efficiency
goals for all conversion technologies. Each conversion technology has a 2-3
year R&D focus to track progress against long-term goals. For example, in
FY 2013 CdTe R&D has an ambitious 23 percent goal.
• Innovations in Manufacturing R&D will focus on development of
manufacturing processes which increase efficiency and reduce costs to
improve competitiveness of U.S. companies. Two of the program’s critical
competitively awarded activities, PVMI and SUNPATH, focus on retaining
intellectual property, stimulating domestic manufacturing of PV and its supply
chain components, and increasing U.S. global competitiveness.
• CSP Systems will focus on the R&D to enable CSP to be competitive as a
firm capacity power source. In order to achieve this, activities are focused on
lowering costs and improving performance and reliability of heliostats and
thermal storage, as well as other critical components. Work on higher
temperature components will enable higher performance of CSP systems.
• Power Electronics & Systems will focus on developing technologies in
power electronics that reduce overall system costs, enabling higher
penetration of solar technologies onto the grid and enhancing the
performance of the system.
• BOS will focus on streamlining permitting and inspection costs, identifying
innovative new approaches to deploying solar energy, and reductions in
hardware costs to drive down the overall BOS cost at the residential,
commercial and utility scale.
27
Wind Energy
Budget Request
Program Overview
The Wind Energy Program conducts research, development,
demonstration and deployment activities (RDD&D) in partnership
with industry, academia and the National Laboratories for land-based
utility-scale, offshore and small and midsize wind, to reduce wind
cost of energy, improve wind integrated plant and turbine
performance, and facilitate wind energy’s rapid market deployment
via reduction of market barriers including streamlining siting and
permitting, addressing environmental concerns, and improving wind
integration into the electric transmission system. The program’s goals
are for wind energy to compete, unsubsidized, with lowest cost fossil
fuel - Natural Gas, projected as $.06/kWh and achieve 20 percent of
U.S. electricity generation by 2030 (300 GW).
Technology and Focus Areas For all Wind market areas (Land-based Utility, Offshore Wind, and
Small and Midsize Wind):
• Innovation Concepts and Emerging Technologies detail designs to
reduce the cost of wind to compete unsubsidized with fossil-based
alternatives (projected as $.06/kWh). Technology focus to lower wind
turbine capital costs with lighter components, higher reliability and
lower maintenance. Improve overall plant and turbine performance
with higher capacity and lower plant losses.
• System Integration via testing and demonstrations to foster market
development and private investment of Land and Offshore wind
systems, including DOE Offshore wind demonstration project, and
innovative land-based testing facilities for independent, industry-wide
information.
• Market Barriers reductions needed to achieve 300 GW target, via
strong intra-agency coordination and advanced, independent siting,
radar and environmental studies, and optimized transmission
integration. Market barriers will additionally provide annual market
data and analysis of emergent policy, economic issues and proactive
planning and siting practices.
28
Geothermal Technology
Program Overview
The Geothermal Technologies Program goal is to establish
geothermal as a major baseload contributor to the U.S. energy
mix. The Program will implement a balanced portfolio of
investments in innovative emerging technologies, systems
demonstrations, and activities to address market barriers. By
2020, the Program seeks to demonstrate that Enhanced
Geothermal Systems are technically feasible by advancing critical
technologies in reservoir creation, reservoir monitoring, and
sustainability of sub-surface geothermal reservoirs. The Program
focus is establishing EGS field sites, user test facilities, and
developing game-changing reservoir creation and management
technologies to expand the geothermal capacity more than 10
times from the current geothermal installed capacity of 3 GWe.
The program will also aim to pursue technological innovation in
finding, accessing, and developing “blind” geothermal resources.
Technology and Focus Areas • Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) activities will support the
resource characterization of up to three geologically unique test sites;
demonstrate high temperature and pressure drilling technology that
could increase the rate of penetration (3x) and allow a high degree of
control for monitoring and navigating drilling operations; and publish a
scientific and engineering model of EGS.
• Hydrothermal and Resource Confirmation (HRC) activities will focus
on developing and validating exploration technologies to effectively and
efficiently find and access “blind” geothermal resources; continue
funding low-temperature power generation projects; address
geothermal high cost drilling systems; and develop in-situ logging tools
for high temperature and pressure resources.
• Resource Assessment activities will release an EGS resource
potential map for all 50 states.
Budget Request
29
Water Power
Program Overview
The Water Power Program supports technology advancement of
both emerging marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) technologies and
novel conventional hydropower systems that present a pathway to
be competitive with fossil fuel-based energy. Cost parity will be
rapidly achieved through innovation, critical design improvements
and demonstrations that will be accelerated through testing at marine
centers of excellence, and through cost-effective demonstrations at
our nation’s existing hydropower infrastructure. These efforts will
help re-establish American technological and market leadership in
water power technologies by leveraging key research institutions,
and our shipbuilding and naval marine industries; catalyzing
economic development through enhanced utilization of our water
power resources.
Budget Request
Technology and Focus Areas • Marine and Hydrokinetics (MHK) Technology will focus on developing
innovative technologies capable of tapping the vast and predictable
energy of waves, tides, and currents. Through cost-shared technology
development and demonstration grants, DOE assists this emerging
industry with the design, manufacture, testing, and evaluation of leading
concepts and designs to prove technical and economic performance.
DOE is also concurrently addressing environmental and permitting
challenges, and is developing a marine testing infrastructure to accelerate
design improvements at a reduced cost to developers. • Conventional Hydropower Technology will continue R&D to support
innovation and optimization on small hydropower, pumped storage, and
expanding existing hydropower capacity.
• Small Hydropower will support the research, development and
demonstration of innovative systems that can capture and convert the
energy of water at existing non-powered dams and other conduits/water
conveyance systems.
Environmental Mitigation Technologies will focus on enhancing
environmental performance while increasing electricity generation, mitigating
fish and habitat impacts, and enhancing downstream water quality.
Pumped Storage Hydropower will support the development of a world-
class PSH system that can cost-effectively provide balancing, reserves and
grid stability, to ease the greater integration of variable renewables.
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
Program Overview
The Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology Program develops
technologies to enable fuel cells to be cost-competitive in diverse
applications, including light-duty vehicles (at $30/kW) and stationary
power (at less than $1,500/kW), and to enable renewable hydrogen
(from diverse resources) to be cost-competitive with gasoline ($2 –
4/gge, delivered and dispensed).
Budget Request
Technology and Focus Areas • Fuel Cell R&D will improve the durability, reduce costs, and improve
the performance of fuel cell systems, through advances in fuel cell stack materials and components, and in balance of plant components and subsystems. Goal:
Reduce costs by increasing PEM fuel cell power output per gram of platinum-group catalyst from 2.8 kW/g (in 2008) to 5.9 kW/g in 2013 and 8.0 kW/g by 2017.
• Hydrogen Fuel R&D will focus on production from renewable resources, delivery, and storage R&D to achieve a near-term 10 percent reduction in the delivered, untaxed hydrogen cost from the baseline of $8/gge, and develop hydrogen storage technologies to reduce costs by 10 percent in the near term from $17/kWh.
• Safety, Codes and Standards will develop and validate fast-fill models to optimize fueling protocols for SAE J2601.
• Manufacturing R&D will develop and demonstrate advanced manufacturing technologies and processes that will reduce the cost of fuel cell systems and hydrogen technologies. Goal:
Reduce cost of manufacturing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) by 25 percent, relative to 2008 baseline of $63/kW at 1000 units/year by 2013.
• Systems Analysis will determine technology gaps, economic potential, infrastructure cost reduction opportunities for early market penetration of fuel cells, crosscutting fuel cell applications and integration for EERE technology portfolio and technology advancement in 2013.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies leverages other EERE
program activities (e.g., Advanced Manufacturing and Vehicle
Technologies in key areas such as carbon fiber cost
reduction).
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Biomass
Technology and Focus Areas
• Integrated Biorefineries activities will continue to support the
President’s commitment to help entrepreneurs break ground for four
next-generation biorefineries – supporting small scale innovative pilots
through to larger scale commercial facilities.
• Biochemical activities will continue to focus on process integration
including pretreatment, clean sugar production and fermentation
and/or catalysis to hydrocarbon fuel intermediates and bio-based
chemicals. A design case will be developed to target research toward
the goal of <$3.00 gal fuel by 2017.
• Thermochemical pathway efforts will continue to focus on laboratory
scale integration of bio-oil production and upgrading to hydrocarbon
fuels. The design cases for fast pyrolysis to biofuels will be re-
examined to ensure the optimal cost, carbon and energy-efficient
process is chosen.
• Algae work include selection of three innovative algae production
strains with the necessary traits to produce biofuels, as well as
continuation of development of low energy intensity technologies for
dewatering algal biomass.
• Feedstock Logistics will include the demonstration of using uniform-
format densified solid feedstocks and its seamless interface with
conversion technology.
• Biopower will continue to conduct RD&D on developing more efficient
cookstoves with reduced emissions.
Program Overview
The Biomass & Biorefinery Program fund research, development,
and demonstration projects to advance biofuels and to validate and
assist in the commercialization of integrated biorefinery technologies
and the development of biomass conversion technologies.
Additionally, the program works to produce a variety of biofuels,
bioproducts, biopower and evaluate environmentally sustainable
feedstocks.
Budget Request
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Strategic Programs
Program Overview
Strategic Programs supports crosscutting activities that guide,
strengthen and communicate EERE technology development efforts.
It helps EERE achieve its goals through a robust analytical
framework and strong management, and with the greatest possible
efficiency. Where appropriate, it encourages consistency of
approaches and collaboration between programs.
Budget Request
Key Focus Areas • Communications & Outreach will disseminate information to broaden
awareness and understanding of new energy solutions, and leverage new media tools and online multimedia to reach millions of consumers and stakeholders.
• Innovation & Deployment will work with the Office of Science to bridge the gap between basic and applied research through collaborative projects that overcome the underlying physical challenges to clean energy technologies and design and test next-generation devices; work with universities, small businesses, and national laboratories to accelerate the development of EERE technologies and their movement into the market; partner with utilities and local governments to validate EERE technologies in areas with unusually high energy costs; expand innovative, interactive training curricula and tools to help ensure a highly skilled workforce.
• International will collaborate with and leverage the resources of partner countries and international organizations by providing technical assistance and policy analysis that will accelerate clean energy technology development and deployment, develop global markets and create opportunities for the export of U.S. clean energy technologies and services, and promote energy security by helping to reduce global demand for oil. Partnerships include, for example, China, India, Brazil, and the European Union.
• Strategic Priorities & Analysis will provide integrated, crosscutting analysis to inform EERE corporate and program decisions, including: data resources for reliable, up-to-date information on the cost and performance of EERE technologies; systems analysis that assess the integration of multiple EERE technologies to cost-effectively achieve clean energy goals; and market analysis to identify financing structures and tools, supply chain bottlenecks, implications of market conditions, and private sector R&D investments.