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1 1
Dogma sentral
dalam Biologi
Mirfat
Bagian Anatomi-Biologi FKUY
2
Dogma Sentral Biologi
Sumber seluruh informasi biologi
Dalam dogma tersebut terlihat peran DNA dan RNA dalam sintesis protein
3 hometestingblog.testcountry.com/?p=497
Aliran informasi genetik
DNA
RNA
protein
4
The pathway from DNA to
protein
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA (transcription) and from RNA to protein (translation) occurs in all living cells.
From: Chapter 6, How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002.
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Genes can be expressed with
different efficiencies
Gene A is transcribed and translated much more efficiently than gene B. This allows the amount of protein A in the cell to be much greater than that of protein B.
From: Chapter 6, How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002.
Mengapa sintesis protein penting?
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Figure 5-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DNA replication, transcription
REPLICATION FORK
1000 nt / sec !
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Model Replikasi DNA
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Replication
10 http://serc.carleton.edu/images/microbelife/microbservatories/methods/replication.v3.jpg
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replication direction
3
3
5
5
3
leading strand
3 5
5 5
3 lagging strand
with Okazaki
fragments
DNA polymerase synthesizes in 5 3 direction
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DNA replication, transcription
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Transkripsi
Sintesis RNA yang menggunakan cetakan DNA
Transkripsi
Enzim yang bertanggungjawab terhadap transkipsi : RNA polimerase, yang
bergerak di sepanjang gen dari
promoternya sampai di belakang
terminator
Menyusun RNA dg urutan nukleotida yg berkomplementer dg untai cetakan gen
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14 http://archive.gersteinlab.org/mark/site/Images-for-talks/FORPPT--I-RIC-from--kvhs-nbed-nb-ca--transcription
Tahapan transkripsi
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Tahapan transkripsi
1. Setelah RNA polimerase berikatan ke promoter, untai-untai DNA membuka, dan polimerase menginisiasi sintesis RNA di titik mulai pada untai cetakan
2. Polimerase bergerak, membuka DNA dan memperpanjang transkrip RNA 5 3. Setelah transkripsi, untai-untai DNA kembali membentuk heliks ganda
3. Transkrip RNA dilepaskan, polimerae melepaskan diri dari DNA
Translasi
Sel menerjemahkan pesan genetik dan membangun polipeptida sesuai pesan tsb
Pesan : serangkaian kodon di sepanjang mRNA
Sang penerjemah: RNA transfer: mentransfer asam amino dari kumpulan
asam amino di sitoplasma ke ribosom
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mRNA is
transported out of
nucleus. In
citoplasm,
ribosomal subunits
bind to mRNA
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tRNA molecules become attached
to specific amino
acids with the
help of activating
enzymes. Amino
acids are brought
to the ribosome
in the order
directed by
mRNA http://www.scq.ubc.ca/changing-the-language-of-dna/
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tRNAs bring their amino acids in at A
site on the ribosome.
Peptide bonds form
between amino acids
at the P site, & tRNA
exit the ribosome
from the E site
Polypeptide chain grows until the
protein completed
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Terminasi translasi
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/translation.jpg&imgrefurl
Ribosom sub unit
kecil dan besar
akan terpisah dan
meninggalkan
mRNA.
Ribosom
mencapai kodon
terminasi pada
mRNA, tempat A
menerima faktor
pelepas ganti
tRNA
Faktor pelepas
menghidrolisis ikatan
antara tRNA dalam
tempat P & asam
amino terakhir & rantai
polipeptida
Figure A.6. Gene Transcription, Translation, and Protein Synthesis.
stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/appendixA.asp
Sintesis protein pada prokariot dan eukariot
Pada sel bakteri yang tidak memiliki nukleus, mRNA yang dihasilkan oleh transkripsi langsung
ditranslasi tanpa pemrosesan lebh lanjut
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Kode triplet
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/cen
traldogma.jpg
Selama translasi urutan
kodon di mRNA dikode
menjadi urutan asam
amino yang menyusun
polipeptida
Selama translasi pesan
genetik (mRNA) dibaca
sebagai triplet (kodon)
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Kamus kode genetik
http://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://members.cox.net/amgough/gene_exon_intron-01_01_10.jpg&imgrefurl=
http://members.cox.net/amgough/Fanconi-genetics-genetics-primer.htm&h=240&w=460&sz=62&tbnid=
_JLhHP0Z7HQN4M:&tbnh=67&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexon%2Bintron%2Bimages&usg=
__-n5sOzAC3iacsI4-J6eQg12ol_I=&ei=ymZlSvyOGI3W6gP_sPQb&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=image
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DAFTAR ACUAN
Alberts. B. et. al. 2009. Molecular
Biology of The Cell. Fourth edition.
Garland Science Taylor & Francis
Group
Brown,T. A. 2002. Genomes. Second Edition. BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd
Campbell, Reece-Mitchel. 2002. Biology. Edisi Kelima-jilid 1 Penerbit
Erlangga. Jakarta