““DON’T COUNT DON’T COUNT YOUR CHICKENS YOUR CHICKENS BEFORE THEY’RE BEFORE THEY’RE

HATCHED,” HATCHED,” Michelle warned Michelle warned

him. him.

““BUT I’M NOT A BUT I’M NOT A CHICKEN FARMER," CHICKEN FARMER,"

Jeremy replied.Jeremy replied.

LITERAL level: If LITERAL level: If one raises one raises

chickens, one can’t chickens, one can’t be sure how many be sure how many eggs laid by the eggs laid by the hens will actually hens will actually hatch as healthy hatch as healthy

chicks. chicks.

FIGURATIVE level: FIGURATIVE level: In the same way, In the same way,

one shouldn’t one shouldn’t count on count on

something to something to happen until one is happen until one is

sure it will come sure it will come true. true.

Since the saying doesn’t Since the saying doesn’t fit on a literal level, one fit on a literal level, one

should infer that should infer that Michelle was speaking Michelle was speaking figuratively and meant figuratively and meant to imply that Jeremy to imply that Jeremy shouldn’t plan how to shouldn’t plan how to spend money before spend money before winning the prize. winning the prize.

Stating ideas Stating ideas indirectly, such as indirectly, such as by comparison or by comparison or other expressive other expressive

manner of speech: manner of speech: FIGURATIVEFIGURATIVE

Meant to be taken Meant to be taken as given, to be as given, to be

accepted at face accepted at face value or by its value or by its

primary meaning, primary meaning, not figuratively: not figuratively:

LITERALLITERAL

To put or “weave” To put or “weave” in an underlying in an underlying meaning that is meaning that is intended to be intended to be

understood though understood though not directly stated: not directly stated:

IMPLYIMPLY

IMPLICATION: IMPLICATION: something that is something that is

ImpliedImplied

IMPLICIT: contained IMPLICIT: contained within a within a

statement or situation, statement or situation, though unstated.though unstated.

To “take out” or to To “take out” or to draw a conclusion draw a conclusion

based on that based on that which is implied, which is implied, but not directly but not directly stated: INFERstated: INFER

INFERENCE: INFERENCE: something that is something that is

inferredinferred

IT’S NO USE IT’S NO USE CRYING OVER SPILT CRYING OVER SPILT

MILKMILK

YOU CAN CATCH YOU CAN CATCH MORE FLIES WITH MORE FLIES WITH HONEY THAN YOU HONEY THAN YOU

CAN WITH VINEGARCAN WITH VINEGAR

A STITCH IN TIME A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINESAVES NINE

IT’S A LONG ROAD IT’S A LONG ROAD THAT HAS NO THAT HAS NO

TURNINGTURNING

LET SLEEPING LET SLEEPING DOGS LIEDOGS LIE

SimileSimile

MetaphorMetaphor

““Have you any more Have you any more brilliant ideas?” brilliant ideas?”

IRONYIRONY FIGURE OF SPEECH THAT ALWAYS FIGURE OF SPEECH THAT ALWAYS

CONTAINS ELEMENTS OF BEING CONTAINS ELEMENTS OF BEING THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT SOMEONE WOULD NORMALLY SOMEONE WOULD NORMALLY EXPECT. EXPECT. VERBALVERBAL DRAMATICDRAMATIC SITUATIONALSITUATIONAL

VERBALVERBAL STATEMENT THAT MEANS THE STATEMENT THAT MEANS THE

EXACT OPPOSITE OF WHAT IS EXACT OPPOSITE OF WHAT IS SAID. SAID. EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

““Have you any more brilliant ideas?”Have you any more brilliant ideas?”

SITUATIONALSITUATIONAL Occurs when an event or situation Occurs when an event or situation

has an outcome that is the exact has an outcome that is the exact opposite of what was hoped for or opposite of what was hoped for or would be expected—as if a twist of would be expected—as if a twist of fate had intervened to make it fate had intervened to make it wrong. wrong. A teacher warns a student to be careful A teacher warns a student to be careful

not to drop a vial in chemistry class, not to drop a vial in chemistry class, then drops it himself. then drops it himself.

DRAMATICDRAMATIC A SITUATION IN WHICH THE A SITUATION IN WHICH THE

SPEAKER OR PERSON INVOLVED SPEAKER OR PERSON INVOLVED DOES NOT REALIZE THAT HIS OR DOES NOT REALIZE THAT HIS OR HER WORDS OR ACTIONS HAVE AN HER WORDS OR ACTIONS HAVE AN IRONIC TWIST THAT THE READER IRONIC TWIST THAT THE READER OR OBSERVER RECOGNIZES. OR OBSERVER RECOGNIZES. After Gwen’s fashion-conscious friend, After Gwen’s fashion-conscious friend,

Susie, told her “You really ought to pay Susie, told her “You really ought to pay more attention to how you dress.” Gwen more attention to how you dress.” Gwen noticed the price tag Susie forgot to noticed the price tag Susie forgot to remove from the collar of her new jacket. remove from the collar of her new jacket.