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Door It is the screen used to seal an opening in to

the building or between spaces within the building.

A framework secured by finishing materials & fixed in opening of wall that provides access to the users in to the building (frame and shutters), made up of different materials

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DoorParts of door

FrameShutterFixtures

Parts of door shutterHorizontal top and bottom part is rail, Vertical posts by the side are style,Vertical member in the middle is mullion,Board or sheet in space in-between is panel,

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Parts of Door and Shutter

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Shutter

Fixture

Frame

Horizontal Rail

Style

Mullion

Rail

Horizontal Rail

Panel

Types of doors Based on Shutter Battened door Paneled door Glazed door Flush door Sliding door Revolving door Collapsible door Rolling shutter door Swing door Corrugated steel sheet

door Mild steel sheet doors Wire gauged doors Louvered doors

Based on materialsTimber, Steel, Aluminum, Others

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Types of doors

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Battened doorPaneled door Glazed door

Style

Flush door

Rail

Types of doors

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Sliding door

Outside

Inside

Revolving doorCollapsible door Rolling Shutter

Swing door

WindowsWindow is the opening in the wall of building. Main purpose of window is to provide natural

light and also to facilitate ventilation in the building.

This can be made with variety of materials.

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Location of door and windowNumber of door is kept minimum.Door should not be located on the centre of the

length of wall. Preferable to keep at corner.If there are 2 doors are in a room ,They should

be kept at opposite walls facing each other so that good ventilation.

The size and no. of windows is decided by considering distribution of light ,cross ventilation and privacy of occupants.

Location of window should fulfill decoration and aesthetic beauty criteria.

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Location of door and windowA window should be located in opposite

wall,facing a door or another window so that cross ventilation is achieved.

For the point of view of fresh air , a window should be located on the northern side.

From the point of view of fresh air , a window should be located in the prevalent direction of wind.

The sill of a window should be located about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of the room.

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Types of windows Based on uses and Shutter

Casement/ordinary window Glazed/sash window Louvered window. Pivoted window Corner window Double hung window Gable window Dormer window Bay window Clerestorey window Lantern light window Sky light window Sliding window Venetian shutter Ankhi-Jhyal Deshemaru-jhya etc.

Based on materials useTimberSteelAluminumPVC windowsOthers

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Types of windows

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Ordinary windowGlazed window

Types of windows

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Corner window

Clerstorey windowBay window

Types of windows

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Sky light

Gable window

Dormer window

Louvered window

Types of windows

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Lantern

Sliding window

Ankhijyal

Desemarujya

Process of fixing doors and windows Wooden Door and window frames are fixed in openings at the

time of wall construction. Holdfasts to required numbers are nailed on the frame before

setting frame to position. Frame is carried to position and set with the help of ropes and

poles. Frame is than put to plumb (frame should be perfectly

vertical). Once the frame is set and leveled, the holdfasts are fixed in

wall with cement concrete etc. Final checking of plumb is done, if required corrections are

applied. Shutters are finally fixed before painting works. Aluminum and PVC frames are fixed after completing masonry

work.

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Glazing in windows Single and double-glazing The window frame with glass in panels is called glazed section. Single layer of glass is single glazing and section with double

layer of glass is double-glazing. Single glazing is the general practice and double-glazing is

done for special purpose, Almost all glazed windows are of double glazed in Europe and

other cold region. Double glazing conserves energy to high degree. There must be vacuum in-between two glasses otherwise

condensation takes place. Glass permits entry of solar radiation but changes wavelength

thus heat energy is entrapped- called green house effect.

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VentilationVentilator is the narrow opening with small

height provided near the roof or floor slab in the building.

The main purpose of the ventilator is to facilitate air flow in the building.

It also acts to provide natural light.The shape and size of the ventilator is similar

to the window sections. According to the Nepalese by-laws, at least

one side of bathroom must face outside and provided ventilator for well ventilation.

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Types of ventilators Side hung Bottom hung Horizontally pivoted Vertically pivoted Top hung Vertically sliding Bhaupa (Cat hole)

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Fixtures and fastenings for door,window and ventilatorHingeBoltsHandlesLocks

See page no. 407 BC Punmia for other details…

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Corrugated Lighting Sheet, also known as fiberglass reinforced polyester

Lift speed

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