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Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
CURRICULUM
Philosophy
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Philosophy Guides Everything
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
• Values // World View• Dropping Fine Arts / Sports =vs= Academics• Emphasizing Standardized Test Scores over Holistic Learning• Teaching procedures & tasks =vs= concepts & understanding
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Contrasting 4 Philosophies
Idealism –
Realism –
Pragmatism –
Existentialism –
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Working with ideas. Learning is conceptual. Greater pursuit of an ideal Truth. – Separate content areas. General/Abstract (Truth) > > to concrete.
Similar to Idealism: Learning involves ideas. Also separate content areas: HIGH: General/Abstract but more practical in terms of moral Truths… recognizing the higher value of the sciences.
No absolutes. Learning reacts through problem solving to a constantly changing reality. Focus on critical thinking.. ability to adapt. No permanent knowledge.
Personal Choice. Reject standards & imposed structure. Personal freedom, individualized direction & self-expression.
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Contrasting 4 Philosophies
Idealism –
Realism –
Pragmatism –
Existentialism –
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Absolute/eternal – TruthKnowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking
Absolute/eternal – NatureKnowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking
Situational/RelativeAdaptability/Problem Solving
Individual ChoiceSelf-expression/Human Condition
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Educational Philosophies
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Perennialism
A holistic improvement of man’s condition.
Opposed to: Cultural Relativism
Emphasizes Critical Thinking, Classics, Liberal Arts, Tougher Standards, Intellectual Development
Uniform Curriculum – few electives
Western Civilization is in Decline
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Educational Philosophies
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Essentialism
Educational Excellence & Tougher Standards
Emphasize Content over Process
Emphasize Knowledge & Facts
Back to Basics movement
Cognition over psychological & social concerns
Questions survival of Western Civilization
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Educational Philosophies
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Progressivism
Problem solving / critical thinking / scientific methods
How to think / - not What to think
Focus on the learner – not the subject
Oppose: authoritarian teaching / acquisition of facts / reliance on textbooks, teacher in delivery of knowledge
Support: changing individual and social realities, more student control, teacher as facilitator of experiences
Dr. Jerry P. Galloway
Educational Philosophies
CURRICULUM: Philosophy
Reconstructionism
Relates education to social progress – therefore: not politically neutral
Role of objectivity/scientific method –vs- declared values
Curriculum changes with society
? Emphasis on societal advancement over the individual
Social responsibilities
Issues of equality, opportunity, discrimination (or revrs), remediation /-vs-/ striving for excellence & highest achievement.
Dr. Jerry P. GallowayCURRICULUM: Philosophy
Teaching Philosophy – Learning Theories
-ism’s
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
others