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TEACHING CULTURE. TEACHING INTERCULTURAL
COMPETENCE
Dr. Monika Badecka-Kozikowska
What is culture ?
„The whole way of life
of a people” (Eliot, T.S. 1948)
„ ..a membership in a discourse
community that shares a common social space
and history, and common imaginings”
(Kramsch, 1998)
.
„ …. an invisible control mechanism operating in our thoughts. We become only aware of this control mechanism when it is severely challenged by exposure to a different culture” (Hall 1983).
a shared set of basic assumptions and values, behavioural norms, attitudes and beliefs manifested in systems and institutions; behavioural patterns and non-behavioral items. Culture is shared among members of one group or society (Hofstede in Dahl 2004; Spencer-Oatey 2000).
Culture is like an oniona system that can be peeled, layer by layer (Hofstede
1991) ; Outer layersRituals / Behavioural patternsHeroes SymbolsArtefacts & productsSystems & institutionsInner core valuesBasic assumptionsBeliefs Attitudes Behavioural conventions (Spencer –Oatey 2000)
What do we teach when we teach culture ?
See Slides 6 & 7 above
AREAS OF CULTURE TO TEACH
GEOGRAPHYHISTORY
FAMILY LIFESOCIAL LIFE
LAW & ORDERPOWER &POLITICS
ECONOMYEDUCATIONRELIGION
ARTS
What is the purpose of teaching culture ?
To develop Intercultural Competence
Who are culture learners?
Language class membersTravellers /TouristsSojourners
What is Intercultural Competence?An ability to:evaluate critically , […],perspectives,practices and products in one’s own and other cultures & countries (Byram, 1997)
What is Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC)?
It is an ability to - interact with people from another country and culture
- to act as a mediator between people of different cultural origins
- to use language appropriately (sociolinguistic & discourse competence)
- and be aware of specific meanings of this language (Byram, 1998)
Constructs of ICC Awareness Attitudes
SkillsKnowledge
Proficiency in the host tongue
How do we teach ICC?
A Culture Assimilator
by means of Critical Incidents (Cushner &Brislin
1996)
The Three Oddest Words
When I pronounce the word Future,the first syllable already belongs to the past.
When I pronounce the word Silence, I destroy it.
When I pronounce the word Nothing,I make something no non-being can hold.
Wisława Szymborska transl. by St. Barańczak
The ……est Words / My / Their … Words
When I …………………….………………………………
When I …………………….………………………………
When I ……………………..……………………………….
I ……………………………………………………………… .
Laozi
Laozi often explains his ideas by way of paradox.
My Three Words by Chen He
When I pronounce the word Enemy,I respect him first of all.
When I pronounce the word Honour,I must defeat myself.
When I pronounce the Word Sorrow.I always find a shadow by my side.
Three words by Sishi Zhang
When I read the word Peace, the first syllable belongs to security.
When I read the word Freedom, I pursue it.
When I read the word Death,I make something no being can block.
National Stereotypes
Heaven is where the police are British,
the cooks are French, the mechanics are German,
the lovers are Italian, and it is all organized and run by
the Swiss.
National StereotypesHell is where
…………………………………………
Hell is where …
the police are German, the cooks are British,
the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss,
and it is all organized and run by the Italians.
EthnocentrismEthnorelativismAcculturation„Thirdness”
Cultural / Intercultural Awareness
Intercultural Competence
