Dr. Murari Mohan Saha, ABB AB , Grid Automation Products

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Relay Protection OutlookFuture Challenges and Opportunities in PowerSystem ProtectionGuest Lecture,Nordic Workshop,NTNU ,Trondheim,NorwayMay 25, 2016

Dr. Murari Mohan Saha, ABB AB , Grid Automation Products, Västerås, Sweden

@ABB Group 19 February 2014, Slide 1

© ABB GroupMay 26, 2016 | Slide 2

Dr. Murari Mohan Saha was born in 1947 in Bangladesh. He receivedB.Sc.E.E. from Bangladesh University of Technology (BUET), Dhaka in 1968and completed M.Sc.E.E. in 1970. During 1969-1971, he was a lecturer at theE.E. dept.,BUET. In 1972 he completed M.S.E.E and in 1975 he was awardedwith Ph.D. from The Technical University of Warsaw, Poland. He joined ASEA,Sweden in 1975 as a Development Engineer and currently is a SeniorResearch and Development Engineer at ABB AB, Västerås, Sweden. He is aSenior Member of IEEE (USA) and a Fellow of IET (UK). He is a registeredEuropean Engineer (EUR ING) and a Chartered Engineer (CEng). His areas ofinterest are measuring transformers, power system analysis and simulation,and digital protective relays. He holds 35 granted patents and produces morethan 200 technical papers. He is the co-author of a book, entitled, “ Faultlocation on Power Networks”, published by Springer, January 2010.

Presenter

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© ABB Group26 maj 2016 | Slide3

§ ABB AB , Grid Automation Products

§ Smart Grids for Protections – Benefits and Challenges

§ Protections for Smart Grids

§ Development trends§ Innovations based on abundant information

§ Future Challenges and Opportunities

§ Digital Substation – Introduction

§ Cyber Security

§ Summary

Contents

© ABB GroupApril 2011

Grid Automation ProductsVästerås

§ Global responsibility for protectionand control products for generation,transmission and sub-transmission

§ Annual sales ~ 130 MUSD

§ Export§ 95 % of the production

§ To more than 90 countries

§ Employees§ Approximately 210

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Grid Automation Products worldwideFactories and sales centers

Sao PauloJohannesburg

Kuala Lumpur

Global Focused Factory Lead CenterRegional Focused FactoryRegional Sales Center

Västerås.

Shanghai

Bangalore

Raleigh

Dubai

© ABB GroupSlide 5

Istanbul

Grid Automation ProductsProducts from bay level to SCADA/DMS applications

Protection and control IEDs

Control and automationat station level

Network control anddistribution management

© ABB GroupSlide 6

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Smart Grid


When grids aren’t so smart?!

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The environmentGlobal challenges aredriving change


Worldwide drivers for a different typeof electricity supply

§ Growth§ Population§ Economy – in particular in emerging countries

§ Sustainability§ Pollution – locally§ Climate change – globally§ Limitation of resources

§ Acceptance: difficulties in building infrastructure

§ Substitution: importance of electricity is still growing,outpacing all other types of energy (IEA)

Development of electricity supply and applicationis the key to more sustainability.


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A new generation mixFundamental changes

§ Remote generation in big plants§ Wind power, in particular offshore§ Hydro power – the Alps, Scandinavia

§ Distributed generation in small units§ Photovoltaic§ Combined heat and power generation

§ Volatile generation§ Wind power§ Solar power

Consequences all over the system of power generation,transmission, distribution and consumption.

In the end this will require a new system design.


Dealing with the changeConsequences


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Driver Conv.generation Transmission Distribution System

operation Application

Remote, bulkgeneration

§FACTS§ Long dist. transm.§Overlay grid/ HVDC

§ Stabilizationwith FACTS

Distributedgeneration

§Automation§Voltageregulation

§Communi-cation§Control§VPPs1

Volatilegeneration

§High effi-ciency all overoutput range§Flexibility

§Trans-regionalleveling§Overlay grid/ HVDC§Bulk storage

§Distributedstorage

§Demandresponse§VPPs1

§Storage (inapplications)§Demandresponse

Cost pressure,ageing infra-structure,reliability

§Automation§Asset healthmanagement

§Automation§Asset healthmanagement

§Demandresponse

New loads(E-mobility)

§Charginginfrastructure

§Demandresponse

Strong drivers towards a new type of power systemsConsequences

1 VPP: Virtual Power Plant@ABB Group 19 February 2014, Slide 11

Renewable energy from volatile sourcesConsequences for the transmission grids

§ Dependency on locations:Sources usually far away from centers of load

§ Volatility and production peaks:Balancing of load and generation becomes more difficult

§ Conventional power stations as backup

Þ reduced contribution of renewable energy

§ Mixing of different sources§ different sources

§ different regions

Þ more long-distance power transmission

Both aspects are increasing the needfor transmission capacity.


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Driver Consequences

Strong growth of bulk, remotegeneration

Need of long-distancetransmission capacity overdue

Strong growth of distributedgeneration

New challenges for distributionnetworks§ Voltage control§ Capacity§ Protection§ Remote supervision, control

increasinglyrelevant now

Strong growth of volatilegeneration

Widely spread consequences§ Mix of different sources Þ

transmission capacity§ Demand response§ Storage

will berequired2015+

High generation peaks Bulk storage will be re-quired 2020+

Consequences all over the value chainThe way becomes clearer


More renewable powergeneration

Future challenges for electricity supply§ Increasing demand§ Environmental concerns§ Security of supply – less sourcing from sensitive regions

Impact on grid stability and efficiency

Reliability ofsupply§ Ageing

infra-structure

§ Ageingworkforce

§ IT security

Energy efficiency

Distributed and intermittentgeneration

Customer pricing expectedto foster demand responses

Grids of the future will be different from those of the past§ Open for all types and sizes of generation technologies§ Integrating demand side in system operation

Fundamental changes in power supply


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§ Centralized power generation§ One-directional power flow§ Generation follows load§ Top-down operations planning§ Operation based on historical experience

trad

ition

algr

idsm

artg

rids § Centralized and distributed power generation

§ Intermittent renewable power generation§ Multi-directional power flow§ Consumption integrated in system operation§ Operation based on real-time data

From traditional to smart grids


Protections have been key elements in power systems,and will continuously play key roles in smart grids§ Safeguard the entire system to maintain continuity of

supply§ Minimize damage and repair costs where it senses fault§ Ensure safety of personnel

Smart GridProtections play key roles


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Main Benefits§ More Abundant and precise information§ Information sharing and integration is much easier,

IEC 61850§ More advanced IT technologies, signal processing

Smart Grids for ProtectionsBenefits and Challenges


Technical Challenges§ More and more controllable devices, FACTS, HVDC§ Centralized and distributed RES / storage, Wind, PV,

battery§ Higher requirements on the protection performance

Smart Grids for ProtectionsBenefits and Challenges


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How should protections take advantages ofthe benefits and meet the challenges?

Innovative utilization of abundantinformation enabled by smart grid§ Innovations for better utilization of local bay

information§ Innovations based on local substation

information integration§ Innovations based on wide-area information

integration

Protections for Smart GridsTrends of Development


Wide Area Monitoring SystemsChallenges and solutions

1) Integration of renewablesRemote grid operation with distributed

generation (wind/solar farms)Increase grid capacity and stabilityBalance load to supply

2) Integration of electric vehiclesCharging / billingEnergy storageLoad management

3) Demand responseReal time pricing / tariffsHome automation / load managementDistributed generation / storage

4) Reliability and efficiencycyber securitycustomer outage informationemergency / peak power

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Applications and technologiesGateways with bi-directional communication for consumer

interactionSmart meters, Internet/mobile telecom, smart housesCustomer service systems including billingFault detection, isolation and restoration; voltage optimizationFACTS, HVDC,WAMSà WAMPACS

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Study on Protection of LargeScale Wind Power Integration


Mixed AC-DC GRID

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Impact of HVDC Stations on Protection of AC Systems,CIGRE JWG B5/B4.25,December 2011

qHVDC system may bring about different fault characteristics in the HVACsystems,influence the operation of HVAC protection or even cause maloperation.

qWhen an HVDC scheme is installed, it is recommended that a careful review ofprotection philosophies and settings in the nearby connected AC networks bemade to determine possible adverse affects/risks of mal operation due to theinfluence of the DC scheme during steady state and transient condition.

qHowever, proper design of protection scheme can prevent mal operation of ACprotection. Alternative protection principles need to be considered for somecases.


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Change of Electrical Energy SystemInfluence on Protection and Automation

§ Large distance between Generation and Load Centers§ New solutions for energy transport (overlay network, ultra net)

à Protection concepts§ Reactive power problems (voltage stability) à Supervision via PMUs

§ Increased Contribution from Renewable Energy in Generation§ Increased number of converter stationsà Small short circuit currents§ Fluctuating generation àWide range of fault currents

§ Changed Network Topology§ Tapped lines; Sea cables between stations (charging capacitances)

à New transient effects§ Combination of overhead lines and short cablesà Protection concepts

§ Unpredictable Load Flow due to Fluctuating Generation§ Overload problems (setting of protection) à Adaptive protection


Digital Substation


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What is a digital substation?

Substation automationprotection and control

system with IEC 61850station bus

IEC 61850 process bus,connecting the switchyard

to the protection andcontrol system

Merging units, bridgingthe gap between analog

and digital world.Compliant to IEC 61850

Non-conventionalinstrument transformers

increase safety andreduce footprint

Communication system


Evolution of substation automation

§ From wired to optical communication

© ABB Group |

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Evolution ofconventional VTs and

CTs

Sensors for currentand voltage

New applications likecombined current and

voltage NCITs for meteringand protection

Standardizedintegration of

protection, controland metering with

IEC 61850

Evolution of current and voltage transformer

§ From conventional CTs and VTs to NCITs*

*NCITs = non-conventional instrument transformers© ABB Group |

Digital Substation and IEC61850Today IEC 61850 Station Bus

Replace wiring and legacyprotocols between baysby digital communication

Interface to fieldHardwired point to pointconnections betweenprimary and all secondaryequipment

IEC 61850-8-1

REB500 650 series670 series

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Digital Substation and IEC61850Tomorrow

IEC 61850-8-1

REB500 650 series670 series

SAM600NCITNCIT

SAM600

IEC 61850-8-1IEC 61850-9-2

Digital substation1) All signals digital, station and process2) Analog, status and commands3) Acquire once, distribute on a bus

NCIT Non-conventional instrument transformers

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Cyber Security


Trend in the Power GridTransforming from conventional Power Grid to Smart Grid

Cyber security issues become increasingly important, when the term of “smartgrid” has been introduced, and these developments will accelerate.

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Cyber Security



Consequence of cyber threats

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Way forward

We can enhance the security together!We can enhance the security together!

Utilities and vendors need to cooperate to make the systems secureWORKTOGETHER

WORKTOGETHER

Security by obscurity is gone

- Use standards and keep systems up-to-dateTRENDSTRENDS

Collect and learn

- Study the behavior in normal operation mode to see abnormalitiesOBSERVEOBSERVE

May 26, 2016

CYBER ATTACKS ON THE UKRAINIAN GRID:

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

What happened?On Dec. 23, 2015, three regional Ukrainian electricity distribution companies –Kyivoblenergo, Prykarpattyaoblenergo and Chernivtsioblenergo – suffered poweroutages due to a cyber attack. Ukrainian sources reported finding theBlackEnergy3 malware within the utilities’ systems.Responders also found a wiper module called killdisk that was used to disableboth control and non-control systems computers.At the same time, the attackers overwhelmed utility call centers with automatedtelephone calls, impacting the utilities’ ability to receive outage reports fromcustomers and frustrating the response effort.


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§ Both Differential and Distance protections are more influenced by negative-sequence in-feed due to renewable energy (Wind Farms) in the power system.

§ Interaction of HVDC with HVAC systems influences the operation of HVACprotection and even causes unwanted operations.

§ More detailed analysis of large scale wind power integration on the traditionalprotection is needed.

§ Knowledge of Power Electronics ,Conventional & Non-conventional InstrumentTransformers , Merging Units are needed.

§ Analysis & Performance evaluation of control and protection strategies &algorithms in HVDC-AC systems are very essential.

§ Knowledge of Power System Analysis & Advanced Signal ProcessingTechniques are of key importance.

§ Knowledge of Station Bus IEC 61850 , GOOSE, PROCESS BUS and its impacton CYBER SECURITY are of additional importance.

SUMMARY ( Future Research Needed)


Vendor, Utility and University Cooperation

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Thank you for your attention

Documents

Dr. Murari Mohan Saha, ABB AB , Grid Automation Products