Dr Paul JelfsAssistant Statistician

Social Analysis and Reporting

Australian Social Trends2008 seminar, Melbourne

9 September 2008

The Herald-Sun, 24 July

The Age, 24 July

The Australian, 24 July

The Australian, 24 July

The Herald-Sun, 24 July

The Canberra Times, 24 July

The Courier Mail, 24 July

The Australian Financial Review, 24 July

Today's seminarPopulation

Family and community

Health

Education and training

Work

Economic resources

Housing

Other areas of concern

Population Population distribution

…by Remoteness Areas

…change 1996-2006

Towns of the mineral boom

…which towns?

…socio-demographic changes

Remoteness Areas and populationdistribution at 30 June 2006

Source: ABS preliminary Estimated Resident Population

Population change 1996–2006(a)

Major CitiesInner Regional

Outer RegionalRemote

Very Remote-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

%

(a) Average annual growth rate

Source: ABS preliminary Estimated Resident Population

Population change in States and Territories1996–2006(a)

VicNSW

QldSA

WATas

NTACT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

%

(a) Average annual growth rate

Source: ABS Estimated Resident Population

Interstate Migration

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40Highest Average Interstate Migration

Year

'00

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40Lowest Average Interstate Migration

Year

'00

0

Source: Australian Demographic Statistics

NSW

WANTVic

ACTTasSA

Qld

Towns of the mineral boom

Rapid population growth High proportion employed in mining

Population of boom towns

Dysart (Qld)

Moranbah (Qld)

Blackwater (Qld)

Middlemount (Qld)

Tieri (Qld)

Emerald (Qld)

Moura (Qld)

Paraburdoo (WA)

Dampier (WA)

Newman (WA)

Karratha (WA)

Roxby Downs (SA)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

20062001

'000

Source: 2001 and 2006 ABS Censuses of Population and Housing

Population growth in boom towns 2001-2006

Dysart (Qld)

Moranbah (Qld)

Blackwater (Qld)

Middlemount (Qld)

Tieri (Qld)

Emerald (Qld)

Moura (Qld)

Paraburdoo (WA)

Dampier (WA)

Newman (WA)

Karratha (WA)

Roxby Downs (SA)

Australia

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Estimated resident

Census-enumerated

%

Source: 2001 and 2006 ABS Censuses of Population and Housing; Australian Demographic Statistics

Male:female ratios in boom townsDysart (Qld)

Moranbah (Qld)

Blackwater (Qld)

Middlemount (Qld)

Tieri (Qld)

Emerald (Qld)

Moura (Qld)

Paraburdoo (WA)

Dampier (WA)

Newman (WA)

Karratha (WA)

Roxby Downs (SA)

Australia

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

2006

2001

Males per 100 females

Source: 2001 and 2006 ABS Censuses of Population and Housing

Income of full-time workers in boom townsDysart (Qld)

Moranbah (Qld)

Blackwater (Qld)

Middlemount (Qld)

Tieri (Qld)

Emerald (Qld)

Moura (Qld)

Paraburdoo (WA)

Dampier (WA)

Newman (WA)

Karratha (WA)

Roxby Downs (SA)

Australia

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

20062001

$ real median weekly income

Source: 2001 and 2006 ABS Censuses of Population and Housing; Consumer Price Index, Australia

Family and Community

Voluntary work

…increase in voluntary work

…who is volunteering regularly?

…what type of volunteering are they doing?

Volunteering rates

1995 2000 20060

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Males

Females

Year

%

Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey

Volunteering rates: States and TerritoriesVic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

05

1015

2025

3035

4045

2006

1995

Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey

% Persons

Regular volunteering by age and sex 2006

18-2425-34

35-4445-54

55-6465-74

75+

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Males

Females

Age group (years)

%

Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey

Regular volunteering by age 2006

18-2425-34

35-4445-54

55-6465-74

75+

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Vic

Aus

Age group (years)

%

Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey

Regular volunteers by type oforganisation 2006

Sport & physical recreation

Education & training

Community/welfare

Religious

Parenting, children & youth

Emergency services

Arts/heritage

Health

Environment/animal welfare

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Females

Males

%

Source: ABS 2006 Voluntary Work Survey

Health

Risk taking by young people

…alcohol, drugs & dangerous driving

…hospitalisation & death

Complementary therapies

…have become more common

…who are they & who is seeing them?

18-24 25+0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Males

Females

Age group (years)

%

Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey

Risk taking by young people

Short term risky/high risk drinkingat least once a week 2004–05

Short term risky/high risk drinkingat least once a week 2004–05

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT(a)

ACT

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

25+

18-24

%(a) Data are not available for the Northern Territory

Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

No.

per

100

,000

peo

ple

Dangerous driving related offences 2006–07

Source: ABS Criminal Courts Collection

– Exceeding the legal alcohol limit

– Driving under the influence

– Dangerous or negligent driving

– Speeding

Alcohol and drug-relatedhospitalisations 2005–06

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Age group (years)

No

. p

er

10

0,0

00

po

pu

latio

n

Source: AIHW Hospital Morbidity Database

– Males, drug use

– Females, drug use

– Males, acute alcohol intoxication

– Females, acute alcohol intoxication

Transport accident deaths(15-24 years)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Vic - males

Vic - females

Vic - persons

Aus - males

Aus - females

Aus - persons

Year of registration

De

ath

s p

er

10

0,0

00

Source: ABS Causes of Death collection

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

NSW

Qld

NT

Vic

Year of registration

De

ath

s p

er

10

0,0

00

Source: ABS Causes of Death collection

Transport accident deaths(15-24 years)

Complementary therapies

Number of complementary therapists is small but growing quickly, from 4,787 in 1996 to 8,595 in 2006.

Fastest growing occupation group is osteopaths

Leading occupation groups are naturopaths and chiropractors

Complementary therapists

Source: 1996 & 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing

Chiropractor Naturopath Acupuncturist Osteopath0

1,000

2,000

3,000

19962006

No

.

Characteristics of therapists 2006

ChiropractorOsteopath

AcupuncturistHomeopath

Naturopath

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Female

Employed part-time%

Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing

Visits to therapists (last two weeks)

Source: ABS 1995 and 2004–05 National Health Surveys

ChiropractorNaturopath

AcupuncturistOsteopath

Herbalist

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1995

2004-05

'00

0

Referral patterns

Now covered by health funds Acceptance of effectiveness Higher disposable income

Users of complementary therapists 2004–05

0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Age group (years)

%

Source: ABS 2004–05 National Health Survey

Education

Education across Australia

…school retention rates

…non-school qualifications

Proportion of Australianswith a non-school qualification (Ages 25-64)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Year

%

Source: ABS 1990-2006 Survey of Education and Work

– Total with anon-school qualification

– Advanced diploma and diploma or below

– Bachelor degree or above

Non-school qualification by Area (Ages 25-64)

Major Cities

Inner Regional

Outer Regional

Remote

Very Remote

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

2006

1996

%

Source: ABS 1996 and 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing

%

People aged 25–64 years withnon-school qualifications: States and Territories

Vic

NSW

Qld

WA

SA

Tas

NT(a)

ACT

Aus

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

%(a) Refers to mainly urban areas only

Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work

1997

- 2007

Year 7/8 to year 12 retention rates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200730

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Aus Vic

Year

%

Source: National Schools Statistics Collection

Year 7/8 to year 12 retention rates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200730

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Aus NSW Qld SA WA

Tas NT ACT Vic

Year

%

Source: National Schools Statistics Collection

Year 7/8 to year 12 retention rates:by sex, 2007

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

010

2030

4050

6070

8090

100

Females

Males

%Source: National Schools Statistics Collection

Education participation rate(Ages 15-24)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200735

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

Aus Vic

Year

%

Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work

Education participation rate(Ages 15-24)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200735

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

Aus NSW Vic SA WA

Tas NT ACT Qld

Year

%

Source: ABS Survey of Education and Work

Work

Labour force participation across Australia

…sex and age…part-time and full-time employment

Trade union members

…sex and age…industry type

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

200840

50

60

70

80

Males aged 15 years and overFemales aged 15 years and over

as at June

%

Labour force participation rate by sex

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

2008

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Employed full-time

Employed part-time

Year as at June

%

Employment trends for people aged 15–64 years

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

..as a proportion of total employment

15–19 20–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–59 60–6420

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Males

Females

Age group

%

Labour force participation rate byage and sex 2008

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

Males Females0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1988

1998

2008

%

Labour force participation of people aged 55–64 years

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

40 50 60 70 80 90

20081998

%

as at June

Labour force participation rate:States and Territories, people aged 15-64 years

Source: ABS Labour Force Survey

Trade union membership

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Males

Females

Year

%

Unionisation rates by sex

Source: Trade Union Members, Australia, August 1986, Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership, Australia, August 2007

Unionisation rates by age

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55 and over0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1986

2007

Age group

%

Source: 1986 Survey of Trade Union Members and 2007 Survey of Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership

Trade union membership

Unionisation rates: States and Territories

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

2007

1986

%

Source: Trade Union Members, Australia, August 1986, Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership, Australia, August 2007

Electricity, gas and water supply

Communication services

Education

Manufacturing

Mining

Health and community services

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

2007

1997

%

Unionisation rates by selected industry1997 to 2007

Source: 1997 Survey of Weekly Earnings of Employees and 2007 Survey of Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership

The number of industrial disputes have also declined

...from 1,519 in 1987 to

135 in 2007

19871988

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

2007

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Year

Source: Industrial Disputes, Australia,Dec 2007

Economic Resources

Government benefits, taxes and household income…on household type

Women's incomes…change over time

Real net national disposable incomeper person(a)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 200728000

30000

32000

34000

36000

38000

40000

Financial year ending 30 June

$

(a) Chain volume measure, reference year 2005-06

Source: Australian System of National Accounts

Household income

1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2004 2006200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Low income

Middle income

High income

Year

$

Mean weekly equivalised household income by income groups

Source: ABS Survey of Income and Housing

Household income:States and Territories 2005–06

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

$

Source: ABS 2005–06 Survey of Income and Housing

Mean weekly equivalised household income for all households

Government taxes and benefits ...redistribute economic resources from people with higher

private incomes to those with lower private incomes

Final income = Private income + Govt cash benefits – income tax + social transfers in

kind – taxes on production

Private income: all forms of income except govt cash benefits.

Govt cash benefits: mainly pensions & allowances, family payments, baby bonus, rent assistance etc.

Social transfers in kind: include the value of goods & services provided or subsidised by govt. e.g. schooling, Medicare services, child care.

Taxes on production: intermediate taxes that producers pay in process of production and are passed on to consumers + GST and excise

From private to final income 2003–04(a)

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Private income

Gross income

Disposable income

Final income

Equivalised private income quintiles

$

(a) Average weekly value

Source: Government Benefits, Taxes and Household Income, Australia, 2003–04

Net effect of taxes and benefits on the household income of selected life course groups 2003–04(a)

Lone person <35

Couples only, ref person <35

Couple with dep children (eldest 0-4)

Couple with dep children (eldest 5-14)

Couple with dep children (eldest 15-24)

Couple with dependent & non-dep children

Couple with non-dep children

Couple only, ref person 55-64

Couple only, ref person 65+

Lone person 65+

All households

-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

$

(a) Average weekly value

Source: Government Benefits, Taxes and Household Income, Australia, 2003-04

Proportion of men and women in gross personal income quintiles 1982

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Women

Men

Income quintile

%

Source: Surveys of Income and Housing

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Women

Men

Income quintile

%

Source: Surveys of Income and Housing

Proportion of men and women in gross personal income quintiles 1995–96

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Women

Men

Income quintile

%

Source: Surveys of Income and Housing

Proportion of men and women in gross personal income quintiles 2005–06

Housing

Renter Households…renting versus home ownership

First home buyers…rising cost of home loans

Proportion of households renting1995-96 to 2005-06

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-08 2005-060

5

10

15

20

25

30

Total renters(a)

Private renters

State/territory housing authority

Year

%

(a) Includes households renting from other landlords

Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing

Proportion of households renting1995–96 and 2005–06

1995–96 2005–060

5

10

15

20

25

30

Private landlord

State/territory housing authority

Other landlord%

Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing

Victoria

Mean weekly housing costs anddisposable household income after housing costs

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 PRIVATE RENTER

Weekly housing costs

Weekly disposable income after housing costs

Financial year ended

$

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 OWNER WITH A MORTGAGE

Weekly housing costs

Weekly disposable income after housing costs

Financial year ended

$

Source: ABS Surveys of Income and Housing

First home buyers

During the year to March 2008 there were 135,000 housing finance commitments to first home buyers...

...equivalent to 6.4 commitments per 1,000 people

Between 1991 and 2008 average home loan commitments to first home buyers increased...

... from $96,100 to $215,000

Annual housing finance commitments to first home buyers(a)

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20084

5

6

7

8

rate

pe

r 1

,00

0 p

op

ula

tion

Year ending March

(a) From significant lenders for owner occupation, excluding alterations and additions

Source: Housing Finance Australia, Australia, April 2008, Australian Demographic Statistics, December Quarter 2007

Period in which FHBs were eligible for the additional grant on top of

FHOG (March 01 to June 02)

Introduction of the FHOG(July 2000)

Average real housing loancommitment to first home buyers

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

$220

$240

Sep-95 Sep-97 Sep-99 Sep-01 Sep-03 Sep-05 Sep-07

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

average hous ing loancom m itm ent (LHS)

s tandard variable interes t rate(RHS)

Source: ABS Housing finance, Australia, RBA Bulletin Statistical Tables

000s

Real change in the size of anaverage housing loan(a) to a first home buyer

Vic

NSW

Qld

SA

WA

Tas

NT

ACT

0 50 100 150 200 250

March 2008

July 1991

$'000

(a) From significant lenders for owner occupation, excluding alterations and additions

Source: Housing Finance, Australia, April 2008; Consumer Price Index, Australia, March Quarter 2008

Other Areas of Social Concern

Internet access at home…increase in Internet connections

Public transport use…over time

… in Australian cities

Proportion of Australianhouseholds with access to the Internet

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Vic

Aus

Year

%

Source: Household Use of Information Technology, Australia

Proportion of Australianhouseholds with access to the Internet

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Vic

Qld

NSW

Tas

Aus

Year

%

Source: Household Use of Information Technology, Australia

Internet use by education and income 2006

Source: 2006 Census of Population and Housing

%

Household income quintile

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q50

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

No non-school qual

Certificate

Diploma/Advanced diploma

Bachelor degree or higher

Proportion of households with dial-up or Broadband Internet connection

2004-05 2005-06 2006-070

10

20

30

40

50

Broadband connection

Dial-up connection

Year

%

Source: Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2006-07

Type of Internet access:State and Territory 2006

Vic NSW Qld SA WA Tas NT ACT0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80Broadband

Other Internet

%

Source: ABS 2006 Census of Population and Housing

Proportion of passenger-kms travelled bymotorised vehicle type: capital cities – 1945 to 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Public transport

Other motor vehicles

Year

%

Source: Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics (BTRE), 2007, Estimating urban traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian cities

Proportion of adults usingpublic transport for their usual trip to work or study

...percentage change between 1996 & 2006

Melbourne Sydney Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Canberra Australia-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

%

Source: ABS 1996 Environment Survey and ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use

People using public transport as main formof transport for usual trip to work or study(a) in capital cities(b)

18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40MALES

1996

2006

Age Group (Years)

%

18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40FEMALES

Age Group (Years)

%

(a) As a proportion of the total number of persons in each age group(b) Excludes Darwin

Source: ABS 2006 Household Survey of Waste Management and Transport Use and ABS 1996 Environment Survey

Coming soon... AST review

…frequency of release

…format

AST 2009

…unpaid housework

…superannuation

…homelessness

What have we missed?

Further information www.abs.gov.au Australian Social Trends ABS catalogue number 4102.0

Dr Paul Jelfs paul.jelfs@abs.gov.au Phone: (02) 6252 6690

Linda Fardell linda.fardell@abs.gov.au Phone: (02) 6252 7187