Dr. Penny AtkinsPrincipal Research Fellow

University of Brighton

Sponsors

Sessionsponsored by:

CENEX-LCV20177th September

Penny AtkinsPrincipal Research Fellow

Future Fuels for Heavy DutyPowertrains

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University of Brighton, Advanced Engineering Centre is the APC spoke forICE Thermal Efficiency

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Droplets and sprays

Heat and mass transfer

Recent industrial collaborators

Combustion

Clean, low carbon, competitive freight transport is vital for the UK 4

ERTRAC’s ‘CO2 integrated approach’ suggeststhat liquid fuels will play a significant role intransport to 2050

Low carbon liquid fuels will be important insegments where electrification is challenging, egHD freight, aerospace & marine applicationsSource: Report from ERTRAC CO2 integrated approach, http://www.ertrac.org/uploads/images/3.%20CO2_Evaluation_Group_%20ERTRAC2017.pdf

Pressure to decarbonise is leading to an increasing range of potential fuels

Picture sources: http://inhabitat.com/mit-developing-floating-wind-turbines-that-produce-power-even-when-theres-no-wind, http://www.lanl.gov/museum/exhibitions/research-gallery/algal-biofuels-exhibit.php /, http://today.anl.gov/2015/12/producing-synthetic-fuels/, http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Biofuel

Consideration of the whole system is needed to give most energy efficientand cost effective solution

Energy Release

Energysystem

Fuel choice influences both GHG and air quality emissions

Diesel RMEKerosene

Sources: University of Brighton, Hellier, P., Al-Haj, L., Talibi, M., Purton, S., & Ladommatos, N. (2013). Combustion and emissions characterization of terpenes with a view to their biological production incyanobacteria. Fuel, 111, 670-688. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.042

Consideration of the whole system is needed to give most energy efficientand cost effective solution

Energy Release

Energysystem

There are a very large number of potential fuel production pathways andend products

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Wood100MJ

Picture source:http://haussmanninc.c13.ixsecure.com/woodinformation.html

Data source: JEC - Joint Research Centre-EUCAR-CONCAWE collaboration. WELL-TO-TANK Appendix 4 - Version 4a,April 2014

Example – Farmed wood

A wide range of processes and efficiencies are reported, this data isprovided as an illustration only

End product Process energy(MJ/MJfuel)

GHG emissions(gCO2 /MJfuel)

In use implications

DME 1.07 6.5 CI engine, gaseous fuel,handling similar to LPG

Methanol 1.07 6.6SI or CI dual fuel engine,handling similar togasoline

Synthetic Diesel 1.20 7.0 Drop in fuel

Consideration of the whole system is needed to give most energy efficientand cost effective solution

Energy Release

Energysystem

Increasing levels of renewable electricity could support production ofsynthetic fuels

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http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1085024_audis-new-e-gas-plant-comes-online

Power to fuels

Source: ‘Role of power-to-gas in an integrated gas and electricity system in GreatBritain’ Qaadran, Abeysekera, Chaudry, Wu, Jenkins, Cardiff School ofEngineering, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40 (2015)

Curtailment2020 – 2.8 TWh

2050 – up to 100 TWh

OR

Predicted growth of low carbon electricity ischallenging for energy storage and transmission

There are a range of potential development routes for future engines 12

Highly optimised Production of synthetic

fuels, for example fromrenewable electricity,leads to ‘designer’fuels

Potential to co-optimisefuel and engine toimprove fuel productionand engine emissions

Fuel tolerant Maximise volume of

low carbon fuelthrough use of awide range offeedstocks

Engines mustproduce acceptableperformance andemissions for a verywide range of fuelformulations

Future HD Engine scenarios

Picture source: Volvo (http://www.volvotrucks.co.uk/en-gb/trucks/volvo-fh-series/features/diesel-engines.html)

Effective long term research requires cross sector cooperation to give thebest outcome

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Fuel productionand distribution

End usersPower

grid

Fuelconversion

Heavy duty fuelschallenge network

Thank you for your attention 14

Dr Penny AtkinsPrincipal Research Fellow

Cockcroft Building, MoulsecoombBrighton BN2 4GJp.a.atkins@brighton.ac.uk01273 642307