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8/8/2019 Dr. Roy's Everything Grammar Part I
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Dr. RoysEverything
Grammar
Original text by Dr. Roy Beadle
Redesigned for speaking by Dr. Paul R. Friesen
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Part I
TheBasic Sentence
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To the student,
This book begins with fairly easy lessons, and each succeeding onewill add information or become a little more difficult. .You and your
classmates should try to complete as many units as you can in a class
period. When there are instructions to learn a list of words, you
must be sure that you master them perfectly because they will help
you understand a language problem. Remember that the words are
only examples and that usually there are more like them.
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Note:A basic sentence is a statement that has two parts, a subject and a predicate.
Here are some examples. You will note that in these basic sentences the subject will
always come first.
Note:
Basic sentences are not questions, commands, or exclamations.
Subject Predicate (verb)
Girls play.
The girls play quietly.
That boy hit the ball.
Each bird ate some seeds.
Subject Predicate
Our house was painted.
He likes candy.
She waited for us.
We ate the apples.
A subject = the focus of the sentence
= always a noun ~ person, place or thing.
The predicate = the action words that the subject or object does
that affects the subject or object.
Unit 1 Basic Sentences
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Directions:
Identify the subjects in the sentences below by drawing a vertical linebetween them and writing sub for subjectoverthe subjects.Identify the predicates by writing pred for predicateoverthe predicates.The first sentence is marked for you along with a recommended recitation. Thisprocedure will be followed in most of this book.
For Example ---The boys = the subject and tried hard = the predicate.
Try Some More sub. I pred.sub pred.
2. My father cut the grass. ___father / cut the grass
Speaking =My father = the subject and cut the grass = the predicate.
3. He waved to me. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
4. A pencil lay on the desk. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
5. John went to the game. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
sub.I
pred.1. The boystried hard.
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6. The fire scorched the earth. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
7. Each boy had a pencil. ___________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
8. I wanted a hat. ________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
9. Our camp was in the woods.________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
10. They lit the lamp quickly. ___________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
11. His house is up the street. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
12. Jim enjoyed the pancakes. ___________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
13. Many friends met at the concert. _______________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
14. Dogs bark. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
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15. This house is very dark. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
16. Jerry has given me his pencil. _________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
17. That boy is my friend. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
18. Some days seem very long. _________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
19. She cried easily. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
20. A lamp stood on the desk. __________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
Tell the class about each sentence.
How did you do?
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In this book, we shall use basic sentences to help us identify different classes
of words. Determiners belong to the first group we shall study.Determiners tell us that the word following = a noun. This is true only in
basic sentences.
For Example ---D noun D noun
The man gave me a pencil. The man gave me a pencil.
A determineris a word like ~ the~ or ~ a ~ in this sentence.Memorize
Learn the determiners below and be prepared to write them when your
teacher tells you.
They are in alphabetical order.
a any few many one the those
all each her my our their your
an either his neither some these
another every its no that this
Unit 2 IDENTIFYING DETERMINERS
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Directions:
In the sentences below, write a CAPITAL D for determiner overthe words thatare from the list above.
Write a CAPITALNfor noun over the word that follows the determiner. Thefirst sentence is done for you along with the recommended way to tell the others howthis works.
For Example ---D N D N
1 A door opened to the hall. A door opened to the hall.Speaking:A = a determinerand door a noun.
The = a determinerand hall a noun.You Try Some More2. Each girl seemed happy. _________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. An apple stood on the table. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Your hat is near the door. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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5. Their ideas are good. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. These flowers smell good. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Our school is new. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. My brother told the story. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Your coat is on a hanger. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
How are you doing?
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10. My car went into the ditch. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. That girl gave me an apple. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Either road will do. ________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. An orchard produced the fruit. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. Its tail was a stub. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
15. Those deer are on the road. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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16. Our plans were very detailed. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. Any idea will help. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. Those girls helped my mother. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
19. Each camper took his tent. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
20. The men wanted every board. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
21. All men are created equal. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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22. Another boy took her book. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
23. Their book had many pictures. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
24. Neither boy wanted any help. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
25. Her hat was on a hook. _______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
How are you doing?
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Homework
Directions
In the spaces below, write some short sentences and identify the determinersand nouns,
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______
Read your sentences to the class!
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Look at the sentences below.
D N
The boy was happy.
In the last unit we learned that the in this position = a determiner.
The word boy = a noun because of its position after the determinerthe.
Again, this occurs only in basic sentences.
For Example ---NMilk tastes good.
In this sentence, milk= a nounbecause of its position as the subjectof thesentence.
The point to remember is that all nouns do not have determiners before them.There are many words that can be substituted for milk as the subject of this sentence.How about candy, bread, sugar, corn, cereal, apples, etc.? These words are callednouns.
Directions
In the sentences on the next page, write a capitalD over the determiners and acapital N over the nouns. If a word occupies the position of the subject of thesentence and has no determiner before it, label it as a noun.
For Example ---D N D N
1. Their pencils were on the floor. Their pencils were on the floor.
Speaking: Their= a determiner and pencils a noun. The= a determiner and
floora noun.
Unit 3 IDENTIFYING NOUNS
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N D N
2. John hid behind the tree. John hid behind the tree.
Speaking: John = a noun because of its position as the subject of the sentence.The = a determiner and tree = a noun.
You Try Some More
3. My father came to our picnic. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Trees give us some shade.
______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Many parks are quite clean. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. The game was a pleasure. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Jim ran down the street. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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8. The men did their work. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Susan hid behind a tree. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. A rock rolled down the hill. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Each day gives us some fun. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Cars sped down the road. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. A weasel crossed the creek. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. His cat chased the dog. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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15. My ball hit a window. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. Tom lay inside our hammock. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. Their cabin was among the trees. ____________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. Your dog ran after the rabbit. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
19. People stood quietly. ______________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
20. Every lamp stood on the floor. _____________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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There are other markers, or signals for nouns.
Note:Plural = more than one and Singular = one.
For Example ---D N
The boys were happy.
The s on boys is a signal for the plural ending of not only boys but most nouns.
Examples: does, houses, farms, cars, books, etc.
D N
Their losses were many.
The es on losses is also a signal of many nouns. Nouns ending in h, x, z, also a signal for theplural end, and ~ form their plural by adding es to the singular.
Examples: wish ~wishes, church ~ churches, tax ~ taxes, waltz ~ waltzes.
D N
The oxen pulled hard.
The en on oxen also indicates the plural ending of a noun.
D N D N
The deer grazed on the hill.
Nouns like deer are said to have zero endings becausethey do not change their form from the
singular.
Note:
There are a few nouns that form their plural by internal change within the word.
Example: foot ~ feet; mouse ~ mice; man ~ men.
UNIT 4 THE PLURAL ENDINGS OF NOUNS
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Directions
In the sentences below, underline the plural endings like s, es, or en to help you identifynouns.
Write D for determiner and N for noun.
For Example ---N D N
1. Benches were stacked in the hall. Benches were stacked in the hall.
Speaking: Benches = a plural noun because of its es ending. Hall = asingularnounbecause of the determiner before it.
You Try Some More
2. Dogs and cats are our pets. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. The boxes lay on the floor. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Lilies bloomed in the valleys. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Cows ate with the calves. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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6. The nights were long. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. The boys served the food. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. The women enjoyed the waltzes. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Some flies were on the tables. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. The axes stood in the corner. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. My teeth were clean. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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12. Mary gave it to the children. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________13. Classes passed in the hall. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. The sheep are in the pasture. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
15. Churches are built yearly. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. The men are the bosses. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. His wishes came true. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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18. Some ladies are waiting. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________19. John surrendered to his enemies. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
20. The citizens paid the taxes. __________________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Directions
In the spaces below, write sentences illustrating the s, es or en plural endings. Label thedeterminers and nouns.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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UNIT 5THE POSSESSIVE ENDING OF NOUNS
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An apostrophe () or anapostrophe- s ('s) is a signal of the possessive ending of nouns. Thewords are then called possessive nouns.
Possessive means ownership.
For Example ---The dog's paw was injured.
dog's is a possessive noun.
A possessive noun
signals another noun.
In the sentence, Thedog's paw was in the
noun paw.
The possessive noun dog's signals injured.
Directions
Identify the determiners and nouns in the sentences below.
WritePoss. Nover the possessive nouns.
For Example ---D N Poss.N N
1. The boys tore Bill's shirt. The boys tore Bill's shirt.
Speaking: Boys= a noun because of the determinerthe. Bill's= a possessive noun
because of the apostrophe - s, and shirt= a noun signalled by the possessive nounBill's.
Singular Plural Singular Possessive Plural Possessive
boy boys boy's hat boys' hats
man men man's coat men's coatschild children child's doll children's dolls
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You Try Some More
2. John's sister came with us. ___________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. The men's hats were brown. ____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Explorers' maps are available. ____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Joe pulled the pony's mane. ____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. The class read Dickens' prose. ____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. The mothers' tea lasted long. ____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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8. Tim's pencil is on the desk. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________9. Each class read the author's book. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Some men pushed Jim's car. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Our home is near Jack's house. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Any boy would like Tom's bike. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. That animal is Joan's cat. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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14. Sally's picture is on the wall. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________15. The man's wife is here. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. Some girls rode in Jerry's boat. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. My father borrowed Tom's ladders. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. Harry's brother came with the men. ______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
19. The children's wagons were on the street. _______________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Your Turn
In the spaces below, write sentences which include possessive nouns. Label all determiners and
nouns.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Read your sentences to the class!
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Suffixes endings like dom, ness, and ismare added to wordsand are also signals of nouns.
For Example ---kind-kindness ~ king-kingdom ~ communecommunism
Learn the suffixes below as noun signals.
Directions
In the sentences below,- - look for the suffixesabove and underline them.
+ label the determiners and nouns.
D N Poss.N N1. The man prepared Jim's statement. The man prepared Jim's statement.
Speaking:Man = a noun because of the determiner the. Jim's is a possessive nounbecause of the apostrophes, andstatementis a noun because of thementsuffix,
You Try Some More
2. The singer pleased nearly everyone. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
ism Americanism age shortage
ist artist ful spoonful
er teacher ment judgment
ness likeness dom kingdom
ance remembrance
hood manhood
ster youngster ence difference
UNIT 6 NOUN SUFFIXES
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3. The author was a humorist. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________4. The Russians practice Communism. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. His weakness is evident. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. The preacher was very unhappy. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Some differences are obvious. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. His criticism seems unjust. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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9. The soldiers were terrorists. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. The argument appeared useless. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Some people appreciate your kindness. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Those officers caught the gangster. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. My assistant will help you. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. The man is a pantomimic. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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15. Some annoyances bother the boys. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. His neatness was appreciated. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. Her sister ate a spoonful. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. Your judgment will help the plan. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
19. The girls studied our government. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
20. One difference seemed clear. _____________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
How are you doing?
Tell the class about a sentence!
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You Try
In the spaces below, write some basic sentences in which you try to use some of the
suffixes above. Labelalldeterminers and nouns.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
_______________________________________
How are you doing?
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Summary
Noun Signals
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Whatdidwelearn??
1. In basic sentences only, determiners tell us that the word following = a noun.
D N D N
Each boy worked the problem.
2. A noun will often occupy the subject position in a basic sentence.
N
Cars raced around the building.
3. Plural endings like s, es, and en often signal nouns,
N N NThe toysof the children were often placed in the churches.
4. An apostrophe () or apostrophe - s (s) = a signal for a possessive noun.
Poss, N N Poss. N N
The children's work often helped the ladies' projects,
5. Noun suffixes often signal nouns.
His differences were with the government.
6. Although we have had no unit on this, remember that capitalized words also indicate nouns.
N N N N N
It happened in June at Comstock Park near Jackson, Montana.
It is important to understand that there may be more than one clue to discover that a word is a
noun.
We call these structural clues.
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For Example ---We know that the word differences in sentence #5 above is a noun for several reasons.
Noun Clues(1) It occupies the position of the subject in a basic sentence.(2) The word the = a determiner telling us that a noun follows.
(3) The s ending is a plural ending for most nouns.
(4) The ence suffix helps us identify the word as a noun.
All these clues operate within the structure of the sentence to help
us identify nouns.
Now write the six clues under ,Whatdidwelearn??,for identifying nouns again.1. ____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6._____________________________________________________
Silly Sentence PracticeSometimes one can write Silly sentences and find the nouns by looking for structural clues.
D N D N D N
Some kirbes tookeach gobment to the splingness.
We know that kirbes= a noun because of (1) its position, (2) the es ending, and (3) the
determiner some.
Gobment = a noun because of (1) the determiner each, and (2) the ment ending.
Splingness = a noun because of (1) the determiner the, and the (2) ness ending.
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Your Turn to Try
Can you identify the nouns in the following nonsense sentences?
1. His fomps are by the tampster.____________________________________________
2. My libes walked over the turler.____________________________________________
3. Some Moden gave me some roxes.
____________________________________________
4. Neither mabes are for either dirgdom.
____________________________________________
5. Our dasks seem near the enden.
____________________________________________
6. Many moshences are by his stooner.
____________________________________________
7. The blibism kept their orgful.
____________________________________________
8. Her keepness is a frug.____________________________________________
9. That morko walked by Dirneys.____________________________________________
10. Several koobes told about a drup.
____________________________________________
11. A minnikin fell by your scrops.
____________________________________________
12. All baktion are in your cares.____________________________________________
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Homework Fun
Write a few of your own silly
sentences and identify the nounsand determiners
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Did you Have Fun?
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UNIT 8 IDENTIFYING SUBJECT PRONOUNS
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Look at the sentences below.
D NThe boy was happy.
We may substitute the word he for The boy in the position of the subject in this sentence.
For Example ---He was happy. He = called apronoun.
NJane was happy.
We may substitute the word she for Jane.
For Example ---She was happy. She = called apronoun.
NMilktastes good.
We may substitute the word it for milk.
For Example ---It tastes good.It = apronoun.
We have seen that he, she, and it can be substituted in the position of nouns usedas the subject in the sentences above.
Words that regularly occupy noun positions, or that can be substituted for nouns arecalled pronouns. For this reason, pronouns are often called substitute words.
The subject forms of pronouns that you should now learn are I,you, she, he, it, andthey.
Directions
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In the sentences below, identify the determiners and nouns in the first sentence of thepair, and
then write pron. for pronoun over the words which substitute for the nouns.
Draw a vertical line between the subject predicate (verb).
For Example ---D N D N
1. The man went to his car.
Speaking:Man = a noun because of the determinerthe, and car= a noun because of the
determinerpronoun his.
Pron. D N
2. He went to his car.
Speaking: He is a pronoun because it is a substitute for The man. Car is a noun because ofthe determiner pronoun his.
3. A girl sat on the swing.She sat on the swing.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. The dog was lazy.It was lazy.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. The boys left early. They left early.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Sharon is my name.
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I am a girl.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. A woman sat on the chair.
She sat on the chair.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. My father helped the man.He helped the man.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. The money is hidden.It is hidden.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. The items lay on the desk.
They lay on the desk.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. My teacher came into the room.She came into the room.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. The water dripped for an hour.It dripped for an hour.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. Joyce is my name.
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I am a girl.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. Your name is John.You are John.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
15. Some cars ran off the road.
They ran off the road.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Write a few to try for Yourself
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Are you Having Fun Yet?
UNIT 9 IDENTIFYING OBJECT PRONOUNS
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The object pronouns are I, you, him, her, it, they, and them.
One more time
The object pronouns are I, you, him, her, it, they, and them.
These are VERY IMPORTANTfor EVERYTHING in ENGLISH.
Object pronouns occur in the verb/action part of basic sentences.
For Example ---D N Pron.
The car bumped them.
Them = an object pronounof the verb bumped them.
Pron, D N Pron.
She gave the book to him.
She = a subject pronoun and him an object pronoun.
Directions
Identify the determiners, nouns, and ALL pronouns in the sentences below.
Draw a vertical line between the subject verbfirst.
For Example ---Pron. D N Pron.
1. She gave the ball to me. She gave the ball to me.
Speaking: She = a subjectpronoun, ball = a noun because of the determiner the, and me
= an object pronoun
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2. The ball hit him. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. We met them at the park. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. The crowds applauded us. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Ellen saw me at the movie. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. His acts displeased me. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Tom took him to the movie. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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8. I saw them at the game. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________9. John sold us a ticket. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. She gave me some paper. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. It flew under him. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. They laughed at her. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. You showed me your book. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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14. The grocer sold me a steak. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________15. He sat by me. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
16. She pushed us. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. It is for him. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. We ran after them. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
19. I told him about it. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Directions
In the spaces below, write basic sentences with subject and object pronouns. Identify
determiners, nouns, and pronouns.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Hope you had fun!
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The words all, any, another, each, either, every, few, many, neither, only and some that we
learned as determiners ~ determiners when they are used before a noun.
We call themfunctionwords because they help us identify nouns.
The same words, all, any, another , each, either, every, few, many, neither, one, and only arecalled indefinite pronouns when they are usedalone. Learn them.
For Example ---D N
Each boy helped us.
Here each = a determiner; it determines that boy = a noun.
IP = indefinite pronoun
I P
Each helped us. The symbol IP identifies each as an indefinite pronoun.
Directions
In the sentences below, identify determiners, nouns, and indefinite pronouns. Use the symbol
IP for indefinite pronouns.
For Example ---D N D N
1. Each man had a boat.
Speaking: Man = a noun because of the determinereach; boat = a noun because of thedeterminera.
IP D N2.Each had a boat. Each had a boat.
Speaking: Each = an indefinite pronoun; boat = a noun because of the determiner a.
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Write your explanation on the Speaking lines. Then take turns in class reading yourexplanation out loud to your classmates.
3. Many children like a circus.Many like a circus.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Any day is satisfactory.Any will do.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. One lay on the floor.
One lay on the floor.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Some boys helped us.
Some helped us.Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Few people attended the game.
Few attended the game.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________8. Both bats were broken.
Both were broken.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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9. Some houses were painted.
Some were painted.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Two balls floated on the water.
Two floated on the water.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Each child walked in line.Each walked in line.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. Many fans were at the game.Many were at the game.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. Some birds were on the lawn.
Some were on the lawn.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
14. Any reading appears satisfactory.Any appears satisfactory.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
15. Neither boy tried hard.Neither tried hard.
Speaking Speaking
=____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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16. Another plane crashed.
Another crashed.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17. All cats are animals.
All are animals.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
New Idea
Write your own sentences using the IP.
Tell them to the student beside you (the first sentence) and askthem to repeat it back to you with the IP (the second sentence).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wow!!! That was Fun. I love GRAMMAR
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UNIT 11DETERMINER OR DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN?
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The words this, that, these, and those are determiners when they stand before a noun.
Their function or task is to tell us that the next word = a noun.
They are called demonstrative pronouns when they are used alone. The word demonstrativemeansto point out.
For Example ---D N
This hat is too large.Here this is adeterminer (this) identifying hat as anoun.
DPThis is too large.In this sentence, this is a demonstrative pronoun becausethis andthat are singular;these and
those are plural. This is usedalone.
Directions
In the sentences below, label the determiners and nouns. When this, that, these, or
those is used alonein the subject position, label it DP fordemonstrative pronoun.
D N D N
1. That boy is my friend.
Speaking: boy= a noun because of the determinerthat.friend = a noun because of the determinermy.
DP D N
2. That is my cap. That is my cap.
Speaking: That = a demonstrative pronoun;cap = a noun because of the determinermy.
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3. These pencils are sharp.
These are sharp.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. That road has many bumps.That is very true.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. This coat is mine.
This is mine.
Speaking Speaking
=____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Those apples appear spoiled.Those appear spoiled.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. This lake has many fish.
This is my ball.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. Those buildings are tall.
Those are really tall.Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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9. That picture is unusual.
That is unusual.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. These books are dusty.
These are dusty.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Those dresses are too large.Those are too large.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. That movie was good.That is my house.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
13. This page is torn.
This is torn.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Directions
In the spaces below, write sentences using this, that, these, and those as determiners anddemonstrative pronouns.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
__________________________________________
Wow!!! That was Fun. I love GRAMMAR
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Summary
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In this book you find several pages like this one which willsummarize the previous pages to help you bring togetherthoughts covered.
You should study this section carefully and review the otherpages from 1-12 and prepare for Test 1.
The procedure will be followed throughout the book. There will bea number of pages of explanation followed by a test.
VOCABULARY and SYMBOL Review
SYMBOL WORD PRONUNCIATION
1, sub. subject sub'ject
2. pred. predicate pred'i-cate
3. D determiner de-ter1min-er
4. N noun noun
5. S singular sing'u-lar
6. P plural plu'ral
7. Poss. N possessive noun pos-ses'sive
8. suffix suf'fix
9. structural struct'ur-e.l
10. Pron. pronoun protnoun
11, function func'tion
12. IP indefinite pronoun in-def'in-ite
13. DP demonstrative pronoun de-mon'stra-tive
SUMMARY
Be sure you know how topronounce these words and how they arespelled.
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Whatdidwelearn??
1. A basic sentence = a statement that has two parts, a subject and a predicate.
Basic sentences are notquestions, commands, or exclamations.
2. A determiner helps signal a noun.
Go back to the Lesson on this topic for the chart.
3. Nouns = words like man, tree, ground, etc.
They may or may not have determiners before them.
One can usually identify a noun by its position as the
subject of a basic sentence.
4. Singular = one.
plural, = more than one,
5. Most nouns form their plural by adding s.
Nouns ending ins, x, z, sh, andch form their plurals
by adding (+)es to the singular.
Nouns spelled the same in the singular and plural have NO ADDED endings .
Some nouns have internal changes like man, men.
6. An apostrophe (') and an apostrophe - s ('s)= signals for thepossessive noun.
7. Suffixes likeness,dom, andance often signal a noun.
8. I, you, he, she, it, we, and they = subjectpronouns.Me, you, him, her, it, us, and them = object pronouns.
9. Some determiners are either indefinite pronouns or demonstrative pronounswhen they stand alone. Go back to this section for REVIEW.
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Part II
Verbs
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A verb is a word like drive, sing, jump, or throw.
These words show present time and are said to be in the present tense. Tense,
therefore, means time.
One character of a verb = its ability to showpast time. The verbs above, if you
write or speak them are; drove, sang, jumped, or threw showpast time and we say
they are, in the past tense.
Also, many verbs can be identified because they show action.
D N V D N
A man drives a car.
A word can be identified as a verb by its positionafter thesubject of a basic
sentence. Other words which could fit into the blank _____ = polishes, repairs,
sells, pushes, etc.
These words = all verbs because they can replace the word drives in the basic
sentence we used above.
A man = the complete subject.
drivesa car = the complete verb.
Note:The s ending on drives is a signal for what is known as thethird person singular form.
The personspeaking = First person - I, we [I drive]
Person spokento = Second person - you [You drive]
Person spokenof = Third person- he, she, it, they
[He drives]
Unit 1 IDENTIFYING VERBS (1)
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Directions
In the sentences below, identify the nouns, pronouns, determiners, and present tense verbs.
Use a capital V for verb.
For Example ---N V Pron D N
1. Joe goes with him each day. Joe goes with him each day.
Speaking: Joe = a noun, goes a verb because of its position.him = apronoun, and day a noun because of the determiner each.
2. I go with him on Monday. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. The boy throws well. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Jane buys candy at the store. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. I do my work carefully. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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6. Jerry does his work well. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
7. You give me that book. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. Tom grows apples on his farm. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. The sun rises each morning. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10. We write to them on Tuesday. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
11. I see your ball on the field. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________12 A deer walks near the fence. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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13. Each boy sings well ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________14. Her brother walks by the church. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
15. My dog barks loudly _______________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
16. She tells that story ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
17. That man plays hard ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
18. I like pop. ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
19. We enjoy each meal ________________________________
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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Directions
See if you can find six verbs to fill the position of the blank in this sentence.I __________ candy.
I __________ candy.
I __________ candy.
I __________ candy.
I __________ candy.
I __________ candy.
Did you Have Fun?
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UNIT 2 IDENTIFYING VERBS (2)
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Verb forms like sang orjumpedare calledpast tense (V-ed) because they indicate an actionbefore the moment of speaking.
For Example ---D N V-ed D NThe girlssang the song.
The verbsang in this position = a verb in thepast tense
and is indicated by the symbolV-ed.
Directions
Identify determiners, nouns, pronouns, and verbs in the sentences below.
Write V-edto symbolize the past tense verb.
For Example ---D N V-ed D N
1. Some boys jumped into the lake.
Speaking: Some = adeterminer , boys = a noun, jumpeda past tense verb,the adeterminer, and lake a noun.
cap = a noun because of the determinermy.
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2. He broke the window.He = _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. A bee stung the man.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Father bought a tire.____ = ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. The fielder caught the ball.
____ = __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
6. Each child drew a picture.____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. I ate the cake.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8. Jerry fell into the puddle
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
9. Some players fought hard
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
10. Most people gave a lot.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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11. A ship went by the pier.
____ = _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
12. Many flowers grew slowly.____ = ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
13. We hopped up the steps
____ = _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
14. I knew the poem well
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
15. John lay there an hour.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
16. She rose from the bed.____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
17. Several students knew about it.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
18. They showed us the pictures.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
19. The boys swam to the dock.
____ = ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Can you now tell the difference between a past tense verband the present tense ?
Mark thepresent tenseVand the past tenseV-ed.
For Example ---D N V D N = present
A. Our team wins each game.
D N V-ed D N = pastB. Our team won each game.
1. I got up early. V-ed = pastI got up early.Do Some More For Fun
=
2. Grace wore a hat. _________________________
=
3. Grace wears a hat. _________________________=
4. I get up early. _________________________
=
5. I got up early. _________________________
=
6. She springs to the saddle _________________________
=
7. She sprang to the saddle. _________________________
=8. Most parents pay taxes. _________________________
=
9. Most parents paid taxes. _________________________
=
10. Each boy wants the bicycle. _________________________
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=
11. Each boy wanted the bicycle. _________________________
=
12. A thief stole the money. _________________________
=
13. He tries hard. _________________________
=
14. Judy took the bus this morning. _________________________
=
15. We dive with glee. _________________________
=
16. We dived with glee. _________________________
=
17. Tom took the car that night. _________________________
=18. Tom takes it each day. _________________________
=
19. Tom took it each day. _________________________
=
20.A thief steals the money. ________________________
How are you doing?Are you having fun yet?
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Verbs may have auxiliaries, or helpers.
Let me show you
D N Aux. V D N
Each boy may take his bat.
In this sentence, may is an auxiliary verb and along with take, constitute a verb
phrase, may take.
Auxiliaries are like determiners in that the following word often is a verb.
However, we will learn that auxiliaries are sometimes used alone.
Auxiliaries are also called function words because their job = to help identify
the verb. It would be well to remember that there is only oneverb or verb
phrase in our basic sentences.
Learn the following auxiliaries.
does ~ has can ~ could may ~ might must ~ shall
do ~ did should ~ will have ~ had would
DirectionsIdentify determiners, nouns, pronouns, and verbs in the sentences below. Write Aux. forauxiliary over the helping verbs.
For Example ---D N Aux. V D N
1. The dog may bite the postman.
Speaking: Dog = a noun because of the determinerthe,maybite = a verbphrase,
and postman = a noun because of the determinerthe.
UNIT 3 IDENTIFYING VERBS (3)
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2. She can sing very well.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Mother has bought the hat
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. The boy might catch us.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Each boy does try hard.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. The boys should draw the pictures.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
7. He will eat the salad.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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8. The men will hear us
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Sandy may know about the plans
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10. I can prove that story.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
11. Most children must rise early.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12. We shall tear the paper.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
13. Joe might write the letter
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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14. Chris did write the letter.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________15. We shall eat our lunch.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
16. Tom will sing for us.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
17. They have played all morning.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
18. The skies could clear soon.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
19, Our parents would want it.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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Directions
In the spaces below, write sentences using the auxiliaries with the present form of the verb. Label
the other words as you have been doing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Are you having fun yet?
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Have, has, and hadmay be verb forms by themselves.
For Example ---D N V D N
The boys have a football.
Have, has, and hadmay signal a verb form
called thepast participle.
D N Have + en D N
Each boy has bought a football.
In this sentence, has signals thepast participle form of the verb.
We will use the symbolHB;e+en for thepast participle.
Do, does, and didmay be verb forms by themselves.
For Example ---N V D N D N
Jim does his work every day.
Do, does, and didmay signal a verb form called theemphatic form.
D N N-Aux. VThe boy did try hard.
UNIT 4 IDENTIFYING VERBS (4)
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6. Jim has written the letter.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
7. Some boys have the prize.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. Some boys have taken the prize.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Each child has a book.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10. Each child has read a book.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
11. A man had the key.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12. A man had taken the key.
Speaking =____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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A Little Change ---Dont get confused
For Example ---N V D N D N
1. Joy does the dishes each morning.
Speaking:Joy = a noun because of its position as the subject
Does = apresent tense verb.
Dishes = a nounindicated by the
+ Morning = a noun indicated by the determinereach.Your Turn ---2. Joy does try hard.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. The men do the chore well.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. The men do leave early.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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5. I did the lesson easily.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. I did learn the lesson.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. June does the laundry.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. June does rinse the clothes.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Several boys do the work.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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10. Several boys do loaf in the hall.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
11. Many birds did fly over the house.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
12. We do go in the afternoon.
Speaking =_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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UNIT 5 IDENTIFYING VERBS (5)
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The verb - to BE - has eight forms: be, was, were, is, am, are, been, and being
Learn and Practice these eight forms now
before you go on.
D N Be D NThe boys are my friends.
In this sentence, are = form ofto BEand we label itBe.
D N Be+V+ing D N
The boys are going to the lake.
In this sentence, are going = a verb phrase. Are signals a verb form as the present
participle.
The ing = an ending signalling the present participle form.
Directions
Identify determiners, nouns, pronouns, and verb forms in the
sentences below.
Mark the verbs like the sentence above.
For Example ---Pron. Be D N
1. I am a boy.
Speaking: I = a pronoun
Am = a form of be
+ Boy = a noun indicated by the determiner a.
Pron. Be+V+ing D N
2. I am going for a walk.
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