Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingambioborneo2015.sedia.com.my/images/papers/P53_Bio... · Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam ... through breeding

Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam

Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI)

Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition

20-21 April 2015 Kota.Kinabalu, Sabah

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Emerging pest & diseases

Climate change


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2

3 COMPETITIVE

DYNAMIC

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

NEW AGRICULTURE

FUTURE STATUS

Traditional Small-scale Non-competitive Local market

Technology driven Market driven Modern Commercial scale Competitive Global market

• Land • Infrastructure • Financial • Technology (BIOTECHNOLOGY) • Human Resource • Delivery system

CURRENT STATUS

ENABLERS

TRANSFORM

Development of production system for

crop varieties

Critical Technologies Along The Agriculture

Value Chain (From Farm To Table)

Breed/

Variety/

Multiplication

Production

system

Handling of

Produce Processing

Packaging

& Storage

Farm Consumer

Marketing &

Distribution

Development of improved crop varieties

through breeding

Development of processing technology

for agrobased industries

Development of pre and post harvest

technologies for crop varieties

Resistant against

Sheath blight Plant hopper

Tolerant against

Drought Salinity

RICE with the following traits:

Agronomy

High yielding


BREEDING - Development of improved crop varieties

PAPAYA with the following traits:

Trait improvement

Resistant against die-back bacterial disease

Improved quality – shelf life


BREEDING - Development of improved crop varieties

Conventional Breeding vs Genetic

Engineering (GM) for crop improvement

X

A B AB Backcross AB to A

Conventional Breeding

Genetic Engineering

A B

Gene

isolation

Gene

Transfer

A with gene B


Considerations in Technology Adoption

GM Technology Conventional Technology

Cost

Expertise

Manpower

Facilities

Cost

Expertise

Manpower

Facilities

REGULATIONS

GM SEEDS NON GM SEEDS

Pathway for New Biotech Crop

Varietal Development

Lab Field Evaluation Market

Pro

du

ct D

eve

lop

me

nt P

ha

se

s

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2

3

4

Regulatory

Approval

(GMAC)

IP

Clearance

Public

Acceptance

7-12 Years

Field Trial

& Biosafety

Evaluation

& Screening

Transgenics

Production

Transformation

Gene Cloning


COMMERCIALISATION

Seed Companies (Multi National)

(R,D&C)

Public Sectors (R&D)

GM SEEDS Non GM SEEDS

Seed Companies (Big & Small)

(R,D&C)

Public Sectors (R,D&C)

Tomato

Maize Soybean

Cotton

Canola

Alfalfa

Sugar Beet

Papaya

Squash

Poplar

Sweet Pepper

Eggplant

181.5 million hectares




The Philippines

Myanmar Myanmar Vietnam

2015/2016 maize

maize

Cotton

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No approved commercial cultivation of GM crops

Genetic Engineering/ Genetic Modification (GM)/ Transgenics R&D

at MARDI

Local crops: - Rice (yield, disease resistance) - Papaya (quality, virus resistance) - Pineapple (quality) - Orchids (disease, quality) - Pomelo (quality) - Passion fruit (virus resistance)

- Chilli (virus resistance)

Orchids

Pomelo

Chilli

Plant Transformation

Evaluation of Transgenic Crops

GM rice, papaya, pineapple in transgenic glasshouses

GM Papaya in nethouses

Transgenic Glasshouse Complex

Transgenic Glasshouse Complex

Compliance with GMAC (Malaysia) Guidelines


Considerations in Technology Adoption

GM Technology Conventional Technology

COMPLEX REGULATORY PROCESS & HIGH COST

NON GM HYBRID SEEDS

(Inferior quality products in the next generation)

WIDELY COMMERCIALISED

GM TERMINATOR

SEEDS (Seeds sterile in the next

generation) NOT COMMERCIALISED

NOT REGULATED


Process Product

Regulations of GM Crops

Social acceptance of GM crops play a role in the type of regulatory policies adopted


Process Product

Regulations of GM Crops…cont’

Horizontal approach

Focus on transformation method

Vertical approach

Focus on characteristics of modified plant


Process Product

Regulations of GM Crops…cont’

Malaysia

European Union

Brazil

United States

Canada

Argentina

ASEAN Regional Conference On Food Security 2013-8-10 October 2013

Biosafety approval and notification regulations

2010

Genetic Modification Advisory Committee

Process in Conducting GM Crop Research

Biosafety Act 2007

Institutional Biosafety Committees

National Biosafety Board

Objectives: To protect

1. Human, plant & animal Health

2. Environment & biological diversity

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SCOPE OF THE ACT

RELEASE

MODERN

BIOTECHNOLOGY

(Genetic

Modification)

LMOs

PRODUCTS

OF LMOs

IMPORT

EXPORT

CONTAINED

USE

ALL

INSTITUTES

& PERSONS

INVOLVED

ALL

STAGES

OF R&D

AND

RELEASE

ALL TYPES

OF

ORGANISM

ALL

ACTIVITIES


FROM BENCH TO MARKET

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Commercialisation

• Direct introduction to the

environment

• Placing in the market

NOTIFICATION APPROVAL

R&D

• Contained use

• Import for contained

use

R&D

• Field Trial

TWO REGULATORY PROCESSES


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National Biosafety Board (NBB)

Genetic Modification Advisory Committee

(GMAC)

Department of Biosafety (JBK)

Institutional Biosafety

Committee (IBC) Institutional level

National Level

Application approval

Secretariat Scientific advisory


Governing Bodies on Biosafety Regulation –

Established in 2010 /2011


Biosafety (Approval & Notification) Regulations 2010

A guideline to: Assist stakeholders involved in LMOs work to understand & comply with Biosafety Act requirements

National Biosafety Board

Objective:

Decide, monitor, promote & establish mechanisms related to biosafety of GM crops


Genetic Modification Advisory Committee (GMAC)

Objective: Assist in providing scientific & technical advice pertaining to risk assessment and management of GM crops

Institutional Biosafety Committee

1. Set up in organizations

2. Objective – safeguarding human health & environment when working to LMOs

Continue to apply stringent regulation on new DNA based technology?


CONCLUSION

Stringent regulations on GM Crops?

Inhibits GM technology innovation & adoption - Losing Potential Benefits

Develop new technologies - Using new techniques & approaches for crop

improvements



Genomics

Applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete

set of DNA within a single cell of an organism)

Very lucrative

Almost 100% farmers utilized certified seeds

Volume of seeds sold: Around 80,000-100,000 ton/year

Value of rice seed sold: Around RM100 million (without subsidy) , or

RM200 million (with subsidy)

Up to present, the breeders or owners of these varieties never able to

collect royalties of their effort ,since those varieties were introduced prior to

PVP act was in place, and they were considered for public good.

But things will change soon as MARDI already started to register its newly

release varieties under PVP act.

Rice seed Industry in Malaysia

Documents

Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingambioborneo2015.sedia.com.my/images/papers/P53_Bio... · Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam ... through breeding