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1/11/2013 1 Advances in Neuroimaging at 3 T American Society of Neuroimaging 2013 American Society of Neuroimaging 36 th Annual Meeting Dr. Mark Winkler Steinberg Diagnostic Medical Imaging Las Vegas, Nevada USA Dr. Mark Winkler is on the Medical Advisory Board for TOSHIBA America Medical Systems DISCLOSURES American Society of Neuroimaging 36 th Annual Meeting Advances in Neuroimaging at 3 T Patient Friendly 3 T High Resolution Brain Imaging CSF Flow Imaging ASL Contrast Free Brain Perfusion Whole Body Imaging Contrast Free MRA

Dr Winkler ASNI presentation [Read-Only] Annual Meeting/Handouts/Dr_Winkler_ASNI... · 1/11/2013 8 Normal CSF Flow • CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd Ventricles through

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Page 1: Dr Winkler ASNI presentation [Read-Only] Annual Meeting/Handouts/Dr_Winkler_ASNI... · 1/11/2013 8 Normal CSF Flow • CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd Ventricles through

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Advances in Neuroimaging  at 3 T

American Society of Neuroimaging 2013

American Society of Neuroimaging36th Annual Meeting

Dr. Mark WinklerSteinberg Diagnostic Medical Imaging

Las Vegas, Nevada USA

• Dr. Mark Winkler is on the Medical AdvisoryBoard for TOSHIBA America Medical Systems

DISCLOSURES

American Society of Neuroimaging36th Annual Meeting

Advances in Neuroimaging at 3 T

• Patient Friendly 3 T

• High Resolution Brain Imaging

• CSF Flow Imaging

• ASL Contrast Free Brain Perfusion

• Whole Body Imaging

• Contrast Free MRA

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Patient Friendly 3 T

• Shorter

• Wider

• Quieter

• A more CT‐like experience

Patient Friendly 3.0 T

• Shorter

– 240 cm → 175 cm

175cm

240cm

Patient Friendly 3 T

• Wider

– 60 cm → 71 cm

71cm

60cm

Page 3: Dr Winkler ASNI presentation [Read-Only] Annual Meeting/Handouts/Dr_Winkler_ASNI... · 1/11/2013 8 Normal CSF Flow • CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd Ventricles through

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Patient Friendly 3 T

• Quieter

– 3 T is 10 times louder (SPL) than 1.5 T

– Pianissimo reduces the noise by a factor of 30 (SPL)

G di h i ll i l d f h• Gradients are Mechanically isolated from the Magnet

• Gradients are enclosed in a Vacuum Chamber

– Improves patient Acceptance

• Open MRI gets the Patient in the scanner

• Quiet MRI keeps the Patient in for the scan

Patient Friendly 3 T• Quieter

– Reduces Vibratory Motion

• Improves High Resolution Images

• Avoids Motion Artifacts in Advanced Imaging

– DTI, fMRI, PWI and EPI in general

– Spectroscopy

– Flow related imaging techniques

High Resolution Neuro Imaging

• Increased SNR allows for high resolution 2D imaging with all techniques

• Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) protocol includes(ADNI) protocol includes

– Dual echo

– FLAIR

– T1 SE

– T1 3D FFE

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Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Dual Echo

DUAL PD/T2 (FSE TR/TE1/TE2 = 3750/18/90 ms, voxel = 0.8x0.9x3 mm, no gap) – 3:16 min

Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

T2 FLAIR

FLAIR (FSE TR/TE/TI = 9900/96/2700 ms, voxel = 0.8x0.8x3 mm, no gap) – 3:38 min

Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

T1 SE vs. T1 FSE IR

T1‐IR (SE TR/TE/TI = 2900/10/1100 ms, voxel = 

0.8x0.8x3 mm, no gap) – 3:16 min

T1 (SE TR/TE = 700/10 ms, voxel = 0.8x0.8x3 mm, no 

gap) – 4:16 min

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Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

T1 3D IR‐FFE

T1 3D IR‐FFE (TR/TE/TI = 8.8/3.2/450 ms, voxel = 1x1x1 mm,) – 4:04 min

High Resolution Neuro Imaging

• Increased SNR allows for 3D Isotropic Imaging with all Techniques

– T1

T2– T2

– FLAIR

– T2 SSFP

High Resolution Neuro Imaging3D IR‐FFE T1W

3D IR-FFE, TR/TE/FA = 18/5.5/20, matrix=240 x 240, FOV=24x24cm, 360 slices

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High Resolution Neuro Imaging3D FSE T2W

High Resolution Neuro Imaging3D FSE FLAIR

Advances in 3 T MRIT2 3D SSFP

3D SSFP (0.4x0.4 mm x 0.8 mm)

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Advances in 3 T MRIT2 3D SSFP

3D SSFP (0.4x0.4 mm x 0.8 mm)

CSF Flow 

• Normal CSF Flow

− Pulsatile

− Bidirectional

/ f− Bulk/Net forward Flow

• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

• Aqueductal Stenosis

• Chiari Malformation

Normal CSF Flow

• CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd

Ventricles through the Foramen of Monro

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

Page 8: Dr Winkler ASNI presentation [Read-Only] Annual Meeting/Handouts/Dr_Winkler_ASNI... · 1/11/2013 8 Normal CSF Flow • CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd Ventricles through

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Normal CSF Flow

• CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd

Ventricles through the Foramen of Monro

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

• Pulsatile CSF Movement between the 3rd and the 4th

Ventricles through the Aqueduct of Sylvius

NPH

• No CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd

Ventricles through the Foramen of Monro (Functionally a 

M V t i l )

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

Mono‐Ventricle)

NPH

• No CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd

Ventricles through the Foramen of Monro (Functionally a 

M V t i l )

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

Mono‐Ventricle)

• Hyperdynamic CSF Movement between the 3rd

and the 4th Ventricles through the Aqueduct of Sylvius

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• May Restore CSF Exchange between the Lateral and the 3rd Ventricles through the Foramen of Monro

Shunted NPH

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

Exclusion of NPH

• Normal CSF Exchange between the Lateral Ventricles and the 3rd Ventricle excludes NPH

Chair Dr. Shinya YamadaTokai UniversityTOSHIBA Advanced CSF Discussion Group

ASL Contrast Free Perfusion

• Tag Inflowing Blood

• Non‐Contrast Exam

• More Accurate than Dynamic Susceptibility C (DSC) P f iContrast (DSC) Perfusion

– DSC can under/over estimate Perfusion

– GAD related BBB Breakdown Artifacts

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ASL Contrast Free Perfusion• Tumor Perfusion

• Radiation Necrosis

• More accurate than DSC Perfusion

But also

• Ischemia/Stroke

• Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Workups

Perfusion Imaging by ASLLymphoma

Post‐ContrastDSC‐CBF

Non‐ContrastASL‐CBF

T1W post‐GAD

Courtesy of Dr. Kazuhiro TsuchiyaKyorin University

Perfusion Imaging by ASLMeningioma

Courtesy of Dr. Kazuhiro TsuchiyaKyorin University

Non‐Contrast ASL‐CBFT1W post‐GAD

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Perfusion Imaging by ASLRadionecrosis

T1W post‐GAD

Courtesy of Dr. Kazuhiro TsuchiyaKyorin University

Post‐ContrastDSC‐CBF

Non‐ContrastASL‐CBF

Perfusion Imaging by ASLOligodendroglioma

T1W post‐GAD

Courtesy of Dr. Kazuhiro TsuchiyaKyorin University

Post‐ContrastDSC‐CBF

Non‐ContrastASL‐CBF

Advanced 3 T Whole Body Imaging

• Multi‐phase Multi‐port (MP‐MP) Transmission

• Homogeneous Fat Suppression

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• Two RF Amplifiers

• Four RF Transmitters

• Homogeneous RF

Multi‐phase Multi‐port RF Transmission

• Homogeneous RF

• No Shading Artifact

• Multi‐phase Multi‐port RF Transmission does for Whole Body Imaging what 3 T has already done for Brain Imaging

Standard 3 T RF Transmission

• Dielectric (Shading) Artifact

Multi‐phase Multi‐port Transmission

• Eliminates Dielectric (Shading) Artifacts

In Phase FETR/TE=160/2.3 ms

Out of Phase FETR/TE=220/3.8 ms

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Multi‐phase Multi‐port Transmission

• Eliminates Dielectric (Shading) Artifacts

Standard MP-MP

Multi‐phase Multi‐port Transmission

• Eliminates Dielectric (Shading) Artifacts

FSE T2W Fat SatTR/TE=4200/80 ms

FSE T2WTR/TE=10000/90 ms

• Homogeneous Fat Suppression

– Magnet Homogeneity

– Magnet and Volume Shimming

• Slice Selective Fat Saturation

3 T Advanced Fat Saturation

Slice Selective Fat Saturation

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Global FatSat

Conventional vs. Slice Selective Fat Sat

(inhomogeneous)

Slice Selective FatSat(uniform)

Slice Selective Fat Sat3 T Fat Sat vs. STIR

FSE T2W Fat Sat FSE T2W STIR

Slice Selective Fat Sat3 T Abdominal Imaging

T2WI (FASE) Fat Sat T2WI FSE

Fat Sat T2WI

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• Fresh Blood Imaging

• ASL MR Angiography

• Dynamic ASL MR Angiography

Contrast Free Angiography

Arteries and Veins are High Signal

DIASTOLEArteries lose Signal from Dephasing

SYSTOLEArteries are Bright

SUBTRACTION

Fresh Blood ImagingPrinciples

Cardiac gated

Subtraction eliminates Veins

Fresh Blood ImagingRun‐off

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Fresh Blood ImagingDiabetes

ASL MR AngiographyPrinciples

DELAY

Respiratory gated

IR Pulse Suppresses VOI

Inflowing Blood is High Signal

IR delay Time determines the Phase of the Vascular Enhancement

ASL MR AngiographyRenal Arteries

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ASL MR AngiographyHepatic Venous Circulation

Dynamic ASL MR Angiography

The IR pulse delay is allowed to change dynamically

Sag TSA of Aneurism

Static 3D TOF

Bilateral MCA Occlusion

Dynamic ASL MRA

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• 3 T MRI continues to advance at a rapid pace

• More Patient Friendly

• New Applications

CSF Flow

Advances in 3 T MRI

–CSF Flow

–ASL Contrast Free Perfusion

–Contrast Free MRA

• Now does for Whole Body Imaging what it did for Brain Imaging

Thank youThank you