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AQS 1101 UNDERSTANDING WORKING DRAWINGLECTURES :1. DRAWING AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP2. DRAWING AND DRAFTING TECHNIQUES

(PART 2) AQS 1101Week 3, 26/9/2012Semester 1, 2012/2013

Asst Prof Dr Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi



Lecture 1: Drawing and TheirInterrelationship• Working Drawing• Other Construction Drawings



Types of Architectural Drawings• Presentation drawings• Survey drawings• Record drawings

• Working drawings



Presentation Drawing• Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its

merits. Typically include people, vehicles and tress



Presentation Drawing



Survey Drawing• Measured drawings of existing land, structures and

buildings.• Architects need an accurate set of survey drawings as a

basis for their working drawings, to establish exactdimensions for the construction work.

• Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by specialistland surveyor.





Record Drawing• Historically, architect have made record drawings in order

to understand and emulate the great architecture knownto them.

• Record drawings are also used in construction projects,where “as -built” drawings of the completed building takeaccount of all the variations made during the course ofconstruction.

• Record a drawing of a completed building.• Drawing reproduction





Wilton House, Wilton, England



Working Drawing



Working Drawing



Purpose of Working Drawing• To obtain the local authority‟s approval • To assist the specialized engineer to prepare structural

drawings

• As a base measurement to prepare Bill of Quantities (BQ)and tender documents• To enable the contractor to construct the building



What is Working Drawing?• A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building

construction project:These will include not only architect‟s drawings but structural andservices engineer‟s drawings etc.

Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly andcomponent drawings.



Working drawing subdivision – Locationdrawing



Working drawing subdivision• Location drawings, also called general arrangement

drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations:they show where the construction elements are located.



Working drawing subdivision – Assemblydrawing



Working drawing subdivision• Assembly drawings show how the different parts are put

together. For example a wall detail will show the layersthat make up the construction, how they are fixed tostructural elements, how to finish the edges of openings,and how prefabricated components are to be fitted.



Working drawing subdivision – Component drawing



Working drawing subdivision• Component drawings enable self-contained elements

e.g. windows and door-sets, to be fabricated in aworkshop, and delivered to site complete and ready forinstallation.

Larger components may include roof trusses, cladding panels,cupboards and kitchens. Complete rooms, especially hotelbedrooms and bathrooms, may be made as prefabricated podscomplete with internal decorations and fittings.



Lecture 2: Drawing and DraftingTechniques (Part 2)• Geometry and Scaling• Symbols and Conventions• Title Block• Building Codes and Standards



Geometry and Scaling• The Geometry of the work is nothing more than a basic

common sense.• Geometry provides us with the ability to lay out general

graphic shapes.

• Scaling in architectural work is vital.• All drawings (with exceptions – isometric, services

diagrams, etc) should be drawn to scale• Should be given with one „set‟ of the scale.



What is Scale?

Scale is a RATIO representing the sizeof an illustration or reproduction,

especially a map or a model, in relationto the object it represents

Microsoft ® Encarta® 2007



Drawing ScalesKey Plan/Location Plan Scales

Site Plan(Showing the whole site)

1:200, 1:250, 1:500, 1:750, 1:1000, 1:2000,1:2500, 1:5000, 1:7500, 1:10000…

Floor Plans 1:100, 1:200

Roof Plans 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale)

Elevations & Sections 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale)

Toilet Detail 1:50

Other details 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50



Drawing ScalesImportant Note:

Scale use in the drawing varies depending onType, scale, complexity, or detailing

Architectural worksL.A. worksI.D. worksCivil & infrastructure worksStructure worksM & E works

Small: bungalow, etc.Big: Master plan ofresidential buildings, etc.

Hospitals, Airports,High-rise,Marine structure,Bridges, etc.

High-end building,Palaces,

Detail of carpentry worksEquipments

of a project



What is a Scale Bar?

However, Scale Bar is useless without a map or drawing.



Symbols and ConventionsThe degree of detail used in representing any element is dependenton the scale at which it is shown. The examples given indicate whatmay be considered appropriate for various scales.

Scale 1:100

Scale 1:50

Scale 1:20



Symbols and Conventions




*CMU = Concrete Masonry Unit









Abbreviations• R.C. -Reinforced Concrete• Alum. -Aluminium• c/c -centre to centre

• FFL -finished floor plan• NTS -not to scale• CMU -concrete masonry unit



What is a Title Block• The Title Block is an important element found in professional

architectural drawings that contains data about the drawing. Itis located either at the right end or at the bottom of the drawingpaper.

• Title Blocks usually contain information such as:

1. Project Title2. Client name, address and i/c (if individual)3. Consultants name and address, logo4. Drawing Title5. Drawing No.6. Drawing Status7. Scale of drawing8. Drawn By & Checked By9. Date10. Note (Amendments, corrections, etc.)



Example of a Title Block



Example of a Title Block



Building Codes and Standards• Uniform Building by-Laws• The Architect‟s Handbook • Etc (Local Authority)

----------Design guidelines----------Dimensions and Specifications----------Installations

----------Materials and constructions



References/Bibliography• Styles, K. (2004). Working Drawings Handbook. 4 th

Edition. Oxford: Architectural Press.

• Lieberg Ralph, W. (1990). Architectural WorkingDrawings. 3 rd Edition. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.

• Kottas , D. (2008). The Architect‟s Handbook. Singapore:Page One Publishing Pte Ltd.



Homework• Individual work• Submit on the 3 rd October 2012• 2pm (QS studio Level 2)

• TASK: (A4 papers)1. Answer given Quiz2. List down/sketch 10 symbols (other than the quiz)

3. List down 10 abbreviations (other than the quiz)4. Support with reference/sources5. Write your name and matric number



Thank You.

May Allah blessed you for being agood learner.

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