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AQS 1101 UNDERSTANDING WORKING DRAWINGLECTURES :1. DRAWING AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP2. DRAWING AND DRAFTING TECHNIQUES
(PART 2) AQS 1101Week 3, 26/9/2012Semester 1, 2012/2013
Asst Prof Dr Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi
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Lecture 1: Drawing and TheirInterrelationship• Working Drawing• Other Construction Drawings
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Types of Architectural Drawings• Presentation drawings• Survey drawings• Record drawings
• Working drawings
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Presentation Drawing• Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its
merits. Typically include people, vehicles and tress
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Presentation Drawing
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Survey Drawing• Measured drawings of existing land, structures and
buildings.• Architects need an accurate set of survey drawings as a
basis for their working drawings, to establish exactdimensions for the construction work.
• Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by specialistland surveyor.
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Record Drawing• Historically, architect have made record drawings in order
to understand and emulate the great architecture knownto them.
• Record drawings are also used in construction projects,where “as -built” drawings of the completed building takeaccount of all the variations made during the course ofconstruction.
• Record a drawing of a completed building.• Drawing reproduction
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Wilton House, Wilton, England
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Working Drawing
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Working Drawing
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Purpose of Working Drawing• To obtain the local authority‟s approval • To assist the specialized engineer to prepare structural
drawings
• As a base measurement to prepare Bill of Quantities (BQ)and tender documents• To enable the contractor to construct the building
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What is Working Drawing?• A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building
construction project:These will include not only architect‟s drawings but structural andservices engineer‟s drawings etc.
Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly andcomponent drawings.
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Working drawing subdivision – Locationdrawing
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Working drawing subdivision• Location drawings, also called general arrangement
drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations:they show where the construction elements are located.
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Working drawing subdivision – Assemblydrawing
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Working drawing subdivision• Assembly drawings show how the different parts are put
together. For example a wall detail will show the layersthat make up the construction, how they are fixed tostructural elements, how to finish the edges of openings,and how prefabricated components are to be fitted.
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Working drawing subdivision – Component drawing
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Working drawing subdivision• Component drawings enable self-contained elements
e.g. windows and door-sets, to be fabricated in aworkshop, and delivered to site complete and ready forinstallation.
Larger components may include roof trusses, cladding panels,cupboards and kitchens. Complete rooms, especially hotelbedrooms and bathrooms, may be made as prefabricated podscomplete with internal decorations and fittings.
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Lecture 2: Drawing and DraftingTechniques (Part 2)• Geometry and Scaling• Symbols and Conventions• Title Block• Building Codes and Standards
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Geometry and Scaling• The Geometry of the work is nothing more than a basic
common sense.• Geometry provides us with the ability to lay out general
graphic shapes.
• Scaling in architectural work is vital.• All drawings (with exceptions – isometric, services
diagrams, etc) should be drawn to scale• Should be given with one „set‟ of the scale.
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What is Scale?
Scale is a RATIO representing the sizeof an illustration or reproduction,
especially a map or a model, in relationto the object it represents
Microsoft ® Encarta® 2007
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Drawing ScalesKey Plan/Location Plan Scales
Site Plan(Showing the whole site)
1:200, 1:250, 1:500, 1:750, 1:1000, 1:2000,1:2500, 1:5000, 1:7500, 1:10000…
Floor Plans 1:100, 1:200
Roof Plans 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale)
Elevations & Sections 1:100, 1:200 (Follow the floor plan scale)
Toilet Detail 1:50
Other details 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50
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Drawing ScalesImportant Note:
Scale use in the drawing varies depending onType, scale, complexity, or detailing
Architectural worksL.A. worksI.D. worksCivil & infrastructure worksStructure worksM & E works
Small: bungalow, etc.Big: Master plan ofresidential buildings, etc.
Hospitals, Airports,High-rise,Marine structure,Bridges, etc.
High-end building,Palaces,
Detail of carpentry worksEquipments
of a project
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What is a Scale Bar?
However, Scale Bar is useless without a map or drawing.
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Symbols and ConventionsThe degree of detail used in representing any element is dependenton the scale at which it is shown. The examples given indicate whatmay be considered appropriate for various scales.
Scale 1:100
Scale 1:50
Scale 1:20
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Symbols and Conventions
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Symbols and Conventions
*CMU = Concrete Masonry Unit
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Symbols and Conventions
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Symbols and Conventions
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Abbreviations• R.C. -Reinforced Concrete• Alum. -Aluminium• c/c -centre to centre
• FFL -finished floor plan• NTS -not to scale• CMU -concrete masonry unit
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What is a Title Block• The Title Block is an important element found in professional
architectural drawings that contains data about the drawing. Itis located either at the right end or at the bottom of the drawingpaper.
• Title Blocks usually contain information such as:
1. Project Title2. Client name, address and i/c (if individual)3. Consultants name and address, logo4. Drawing Title5. Drawing No.6. Drawing Status7. Scale of drawing8. Drawn By & Checked By9. Date10. Note (Amendments, corrections, etc.)
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Example of a Title Block
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Example of a Title Block
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Building Codes and Standards• Uniform Building by-Laws• The Architect‟s Handbook • Etc (Local Authority)
----------Design guidelines----------Dimensions and Specifications----------Installations
----------Materials and constructions
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References/Bibliography• Styles, K. (2004). Working Drawings Handbook. 4 th
Edition. Oxford: Architectural Press.
• Lieberg Ralph, W. (1990). Architectural WorkingDrawings. 3 rd Edition. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
• Kottas , D. (2008). The Architect‟s Handbook. Singapore:Page One Publishing Pte Ltd.
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Homework• Individual work• Submit on the 3 rd October 2012• 2pm (QS studio Level 2)
• TASK: (A4 papers)1. Answer given Quiz2. List down/sketch 10 symbols (other than the quiz)
3. List down 10 abbreviations (other than the quiz)4. Support with reference/sources5. Write your name and matric number
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Thank You.
May Allah blessed you for being agood learner.