DRINKING COFFEE, MATE, AND VERY HOT BEVERAGES

VOLUME 116

This publication represents the views and expertopinions of an IARC Working Group on the

Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,which met in Lyon, 24–31 May 2016

LYON, FRANCE - 2018

IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION

OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

5-CQA 5-caffeoylquinic acidγ-GCL γ-glutamylcysteine ligase11β-HSD1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11-MU 1-methyluric acid1-MX 1-methylxanthine3-NT nitrotyrosine8-OHdG 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine1-OHPG 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide8-OxodG 8-oxodeoxyguanosineAAF 2-acetylaminofluoreneAb antibodyABTS 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acidAHA aromatic and heterocyclic aminesAHH aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylaseAHR aryl hydrocarbon receptorAL acute leukaemiaALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemiaALT alanine aminotransferase AML acute myeloid leukaemiaANLL acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemiaAOPP advanced protein oxidation productARCAGE Alcohol-Related Cancers and Genetic Susceptibility in EuropeARE antioxidant response elementATBC Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer PreventionATM ataxia telangiectasia mutatedAUC area under the curveBMI body mass indexBOP N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amineBPH benign prostatic hypertrophybw body weightCA caffeic acidCAT catalaseCCl4 carbon tetrachlorideCGA chlorogenic acid

495

496

IARC MONOGRAPHS – 116

CH chloric acid equivalentCHL Chinese hamster lungCHO Chinese hamster ovaryCHUM Centre hospitalier de l’Université de MontréalCI confidence intervalCLD chronic liver diseaseCLL chronic lympocytic leukaemiaCmax maximum plasma concentrationCOSM Cohort of Swedish MenCRP C-reactive proteinCSI cumulative smoking indexCTS California Teachers StudyCX3CL1 fractalkineDHCA dihydrocaffeic acidDHFA dihydroferulic aciddiCQA dicaffeoylquinic acidDMBA dimethylbenz[a]anthraceneDMN dimethylnitrosamineDPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyld-ROM derivative of reactive oxygen metaboliteEDGE Estrogen, Diet, Genetics, and Endometrial CancerEFSA European Food Safety AuthorityEMA European Medicines AgencyEOR excess odds ratioEPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and NutritionEpRE electrophile response elementER estrogen receptorERα estrogen receptor αESCALE Etude Sur les Cancers et les Leucémies de l’EnfantFA ferulic acidFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFFQ food frequency questionnaireFGF-2 fibroblast growth factor-2FISH fluorescence in situ hybridizationFQA feruloylquinic acidFRAP ferric ion-reducing antioxidant powerFXR farnesoid X receptorGGT gamma-glutamyltransferaseGLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1GPx glutathione peroxisidaseGSH glutathioneGSSG glutathione disulfideGST glutathione S-transferaseGWAS genome-wide association studyHBeAg hepatitis B virus e-antigenHBsAg hepatitis B surface antigenHBV hepatitis B virusHCC hepatocellular carcinomaHCE health-check examinees

497

List of Abbreviations

HCL hairy cell leukaemiaHCV hepatitis C virusHF high-fat (diet)HF+C high-fat diet plus cancerHHQ hydroxyhydroquinoneHPFS Health Professionals Follow-up StudyHR hazard ratioHRT hormone replacement therapyHsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive proteinIARC International Agency for Research on CancerIC50 half-maximal inhibitory concentrationICC intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaiFA isoferulic acidIFNγ interferon gammaIGF-1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptorIL interleukinINHANCE International Head and Neck Cancer EpidemiologyIRR incidence rate ratioIRS-1 insulin-receptor substrate-1ISO International Organization for StandardizationIWHS Iowa Women’s Health StudyJACC Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer RiskJPHC Japan Public Health Center-basedLCL lymphoblastoid cell lineLDL low-density lipoproteinLEC Long Evans CinnamonLPDY litres consumed per day × years of drinkingLPS lipopolysaccharideLUTS lower urinary tract symptomLW low-fat (diet)MALOVA Danish MALignant OVArian cancerMARIE Mamma Carcinoma Risk Factor InvestigationMCCS Melbourne Collaborative Cohort StudyMEC Multiethnic CohortMGMT O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferaseMIP-1β microphage inflammatory protein-1βMM multiple myelomaMN micronucleiMNNG N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidineNAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseNAT2 N-acetyltransferase 2NC neighbourhood controlsNDEA N-nitrosodiethylamineNDMA N-nitrosodimethylamineNECSS National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance SystemNF-κB nuclear factor κBNHL non-Hodgkin lymphomaNHS Nurses’ Health StudyNIH-AARP National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired PersonsNLCS Netherlands Cohort Study

498

IARC MONOGRAPHS – 116

NLM National Library of MedicineNMBzA N-nitrosomethylbenzylamineNMP N-methylpyridiniumNMSC non-melanoma skin cancerNOMAS Northern Manhattan Study NOWAC Norwegian Women and CancerNQO1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1NRCH National Registry of Childhood Haematopoietic MalignanciesNRCL National Registry of Childhood Blood MalignanciesNrf2 nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factorNYSC New York State CohortOAT organic anion transporterOR odds ratioORAC oxygen radical antioxidant capacityoxLDL oxidized low-density lipoproteinPAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsPAI-1 plasminogen-activator inhibitor type-1PBL peripheral blood lymphocytePCNA proliferation cell nuclear antigenPEDS Patient Epidemiology Data SystemPGF2α 8-epi-prostaglandin F2αPH partial hepatectomyPhIP 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridinePLCO Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and OvarianPPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γppm parts per millionPR progesterone receptorPSA prostate-specific antigenPX paraxanthinePXR pregnane X receptorRCT randomized controlled trialRDD random-digit diallingRH resistant hepatocyteROS reactive oxygen speciesRPCI Roswell Park Cancer InstituteRPMI Roswell Park Memorial InstituteRR relative riskSC surgical controlsSCC squamous cell carcinomaSCE sister-chromatid exchangeSCGE single-cell gel electrophoresisSD standard deviationSEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End ResultsSHBG sex hormone-binding globulinSHR subhazard ratioSMC Swedish Mammography CohortSNP single nucleotide polymorphismSOD superoxide dismutasesTNFRII soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor IISU.VI.MAX Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Anti-oxydants

499

List of abbreviations

SULT sulfotransferasesVACM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1TAC total antioxidant capacityTAS total antioxidant statusTBARS thiobarbituric acid-reactive substanceTCC transitional cell carcinomatGSH total glutathioneTHLE transformed liver epithelial cell lineTmax time to peak concentrationTNF-α tumour necrosis factor alphaTRAP total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant parameterUGT UDP-glucuronosyl transferaseVIP Västerbotten Intervention Projectvs versusWABOHS Western Australian Bowel Health StudyWLH Women’s Lifestyle and Health