ISSUE 2 - FEBRUARY 2015KENYAS PREMIER AUTO MAG

YO U R F R E E C O P Y

Luxury meets PowerThe Nissan Patrol

PAGE 12

THE TOP 10 PICKfrom the Detroit Auto Show 2015

ASKTHE KENYA CAR GUY

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

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A Word From the Editor

Contact us for more details and options:P.O.Box: 1911 00606 Westlands, Nairobi - Email: info@drivekenya.co.ke - tripletwoholdings@gmail.com

Tel: +254 718 221 222 +254 732 221 222 - www.drivekenya.co.kePublished By: Triple Two Holdings Ltd. - Editorial Team: Amit Kwatra & Vivek Kothary

Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/drivekenya

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

ContentsNEWS & EDITORIALS

6

7

14

16

19

21

News Feature

Technical Take

The Top 10 Pick From the Detroit Auto Show

The Kenya Car Guy

Enthusiasts Corner

The F1 & Moto GP 2015 Schedule

REVIEWS & FIRST DRIVES

10

11

12

Aston Martin DB 5 Classic

Porsche 550 Classic

The Nissan Patrol

THE FAST LANE

17

18

The Yamaha YZF - R1

The Kawasaki Z1000

4 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

Innovationthat excites

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2 46

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45

NISSAN PATROL THE PERFECT BALANCE.

The new Nissan Patrol is an expression of richly crafted luxury combined with a 5.6L V8 engine to bring the perfect balance where absolute luxury meets absolute power.

Power | Luxury | Heritage

POWER_ MEETS LUXURY

NSC NAMEAddress and city details hereOpening hours xam-xpm Monday to Friday xam - xpm Saturday

Address and city details hereOpening hours xam-xpm Monday to Friday xam - xpm Saturday

Address and city details hereOpening hours xam-xpm Monday to Friday xam - xpm Saturday

www.nscdetails.co.xxNISSAN KENYAPARTSUhuru Highway Bunyala Rd & Mombasa Road Service CentrePhone: +254 (0) 202 407 544/33E-mail: partssales@nissankenya.com

SERVICEICD Road, o Mombasa roadOpposite Sameer Business ParkPhone: +254 (0) 202 400 407E-mail: service@nissankenya.com

SALESUhuru Highway Bunyala Rd RoundaboutPhone: +254 (0) 202 407 544/33E-mail: carsales@nissankenya.com

MOMBASA BRANCHLumumba road - MombasaPhone: +254 (0) 702 188 880E-mail: mombasa@nissankenya.com

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

IN THE NEWSwww.drivekenya.co.ke Kenyas Premier Auto Mag February 2015

Subaru, Lexus Top Re- sale Value Awards In USSubaru has been ranked as the best brand and Lexus as the best luxury brand by Kelley Blue Book for its 2015 Best Resale Value Awards. The awards issued annually are based on projections by KBB's automotive analysts who review statistical models based on millions of transactions to determine which vehicles will have the highest residual value after five years. The Subaru Impreza, WRX and Legacy won individual awards while Toyota claimed 5 awards. Of interest to Kenyan readers as well would be that the Honda CR-V came second overall in The top 10.

Click, Print and Drive AwayOne of the highlights of the recent Detroit Auto Show was the introduction of a 3D printed car by the compa-ny Local Motors. According to Local Motors, " Every-thing on the car that could be integrated into a single material piece has been printed. This includes the chassis/frame, exterior body, and some interior features. The mechanical components of the vehicle, like battery, motors, wiring, and suspension, are sourced from Renaults Twizy, an electric powered city car."

The car's top speed is projected to reach 80kph and it could be cleared for public roads as soon as this year in the US. The pricing range per CEO Jay Rogers is expected to be between $18,000 - $30,000. The car is made from aerospace grade material - "ABS plastic that has been reinforced with carbon fiber" per Local Motors.

The Rise Of Fake Engine Noise

To some car enthusiasts it's an act of fraud, to others the sign of real progress in engine efficiency and performance - the sound of fake engine noise.

If youre going to do that stuff, do that stuff. Own it. Tell customers: If you want a V-8 rumble, youve gotta buy a V-8 that costs more, gets worse gas mileage and hurts the Earth, says Karl Brauer a senior analyst with Kelley Blue Book.

Since car engines have been getting better performance and mileage they've gotten a whole lot quieter but therein lies the paradox, consumers still want the growl of older engines, the primal feel of raw power under the hood. Softer, gentler sounding cars simply don't have the same impact to the buyers in the muscle and sports car segment. In order to accomplish this automakers are increasingly turning to special pipes to boost an engines sound or to digitally fake it altogether by playing engine noise into the cabin that varies based on load. Orchestrated engine noise will soon become a necessary legal requirement on all electric vehicles soon as the quietness of the engine takes many blind and distracted pedestrians by surprise and could thus prevent thousands of accidents.

End Of The Road For Cuban Classics?

They survived the Cuban revolution, the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union. Now Cuba's estimated 70,000 vintage American sedans from the 1950's, also known as "almendrones" or large almonds for their rounded shape, may not survive the easing of the 5 decade long Washington led trade embargo. Purchasing and selling the vehicles has only been allowed for the past three years for Cubans. Now as sanctions ease the cars preserved by local mechanics for decades are hot items for car connoisseurs globally.

F1 Cars Predicted To Be Faster In 2015In an interview with Autosport Magazine, Pirelli motorsport director Paul Hembery predicted that this season would see cars go quicker by as much as three seconds per lap over the previous season. Last year Formula 1 moved from a V8 engine configuration to a V6 turbo engine configuration which led to complaints that the cars were slow. Pirelli being the official tyre supplier to F1 has insider knowledge into the progress and development of all the teams. Hembery predicts that by the time of the season opener in Melbourne or at the latest in Shanghai, he fully expects to see signifi-cant jumps in performance as teams implement aerodynamic developments and improve the engine, especially on the powertrain front.

6 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

Technical Corner

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

7 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

All about engines

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As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

8 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

Lost in Translation?

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There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

The Porsche 550

The gorgeous Porsche 550 was a racing sports car produced from 1953-1956. It's best known as the car James Dean fatally crashed in 1955. The beauty of this car was the fact that it was home both on and off the race track. Each Spyder was individually designed and customized to be raced. It has a top speed of 220 kph with a 1.5-litre engine that has four cylinders air cooled, horizontally opposed with 4 overhead camshafts.

A few years ago a 1955 Porsche 550/1500 RS Spyder sold for a whopping $3.685 Million at an auction. The 550 is one of the most reproduced classic cars amongst enthusiasts with several companies manufacturing replica body kits and it's not hard to see why given the striking, elegant beauty of the 550.

Only 90 of these beautiful, naturally aspirated cars were ever made. Of the 370 races it was entered into over the period 1953 to 1965, it won 95 times overall and 75 times in its class.

10 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

A Rare Beauty

www.flickr.com//pedrosimoes7

www.flickr.com//pedrosimoes7

Only 90 of these beautiful, naturally aspirated cars were ever made

www.flickr.com/carpictures-dot-com

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

The 1963 Aston Martin DB5

The DB5 is one of the most recognizable and gorgeous cars in cinematic history appearing in numerous James Bond movies including first in Goldfinger and then in Thunderball, Goldeneye, Tomorrow Never Dies, Casino Royale and Skyfall. It's also appeared in movies such as Charlie's Angels and Catch Me If You Can.

The original DB5 used in both Goldfinger and Thunderball was sold for a whopping 2.6 Million (365 Million Kshs) in 2010 at an auction.

Only 1,023 of these cars were ever made which weigh in at 1,503kg. Most of the DB5's have a ZF 5-speed transmis-sion, the Engine type is a 3,995 cc 'Tadek Marek' Inline six, named so after the lead engineer. The engine produces 210 kW of power. Torque of 390 Nm. Top Speed is 230 km/h and it accelerates from 060mph in 8s.

Variants of the DB5 include the Vantage and the Convert-ible of which 65 and 123 were made respectively. The Vantage had greater power at 235kW which produced greater top end performance at the expense of driveability.

11 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

A James Bond Special

www.flickr.com/shinythings

www.flickr.com/shinythings

The original DB5 used in both Gold-nger and Thunderball was sold for

a whopping 2.6 Million (365 Million

Kshs) in 2010 at an auction

www.flickr.com/shinythings

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

The feature list on the Patrol is impressive as well, which includes things such as Intelligent key entry, Dual Zone Climate Control, Audio steering control, 13 premium BOSE speakers, Bluetooth, iPod and USB connectivity, an 8" QVGA centre console display, two 7" LCD enter-tainment panels in the 2nd row, a sunroof, around view monitor with 4 cameras to assist with parking, auto compass integrated into the mirror and a handy centre console with storage and cool-box for 6 500ml bottles. One particularly impressive fact was the rear storage space of 550 litres which increases to a staggering 3170 litres with the 2nd and 3rd row of seats folded down.

Driving the Patrol was quite fun, it is a very quiet car given its monstrous V8 engine and the growl is superb as you close in on the 6000-7000rpm band, the gear changes are quick and responsive in either direction. Any potholes and bumps were encountered with minimal fuss. Nissan claim the laminated windshield and front windows reduce cabin noise by 35 percent compared to normal glass adding to the quietness of the ride. The Patrol has 4 drive modes which can be alternated at the turn of a rotary dial depending on the terrain - sand, on-road, snow and rock. We only drove it in the on-road selection, we found the handling to be good though there is a vague patch of a few degrees in the middle while turning the steering where nothing much happens, the steering takes approxi-mately 3.5 turns to get from left lock to right lock. Nissan claim the combined city/highway fuel consumption figure on the Patrol is 14.5L/100km and on our trip the computer found this to be close to the ballpark figure at 15L/100km, yes the Patrol is a thirsty SUV but with a fuel tank capacity of a 140 litres you'll make it Mombasa easily, with plenty to spare to reach Diani.

The LE+ model at Nissan Kenya also includes a Hydrau-lic Body Motion Control system which features indepen-dent suspension all around for the first time, this means

The Nissan Patrol has an impressive legacy, spanning more than 60 years and 7 generations. In that period it has cultivated a huge fan base due to its reliability, off road performance and durability in the harshest of conditions. In the Miles Ahead expedition into Africa in 2005, the Patrol Y61 covered 17 countries over a period of only 157 days, across some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world due to it's superior 4x4 capabilities. The successor to the Y61 is the more than capable Patrol Y62.

What makes this iteration different from previous itera-tions is that the seventh generation Patrol comes only with a petrol engine, given that its major market is now in the Middle East where petrol is cheap to say the least, it's also bigger and thus roomier - 85mm wider, 90mm longer and 55mm taller - and weightier coming in at a kerb weight of 2830kg. The Patrol can seat up to 8 people and you could well use the Patrol as a limousine by putting the middle seats down.

Nissan Kenya offers the LE+ version of the Patrol which is very competitively priced compared to its main rival the Land Cruiser by 15-20 percent. Given the design improve-

ments the Patrol definitively does look more high end but it can still do some serious work - this generation is the most powerful in the Patrol's history. The engine is a mighty 5.6-litre V8 petrol that generates 298kW of power and 560Nm of torque. 90 percent of the torque is avail-able at just 1600 rpm, this means the Patrol has some serious towing capacity of up to 3500 kg. Top speed on this 7-speed automatic with manual option is north of 200km/h.

We drove the Patrol for a couple of hours along Mombasa Road, Uhuru Highway, Waiyaki Way, Riverside, Laving-ton and back. Yes, we missed out on the Patrol's off-road capabilities but we liked what we saw and we'll be going back for more. The interior has a nice wood grain panel and leather trim finish. We found the legroom in the front seats as being very spacious and in the second row as very comfortable, the 3rd row we found to be a little cramped but this was expected given our height, what helps is that the rear most seats are adjustable backwards. The leather seats themselves felt comfortable on our test drive, the front seats are electronically adjustable and the driver's seat offers lumbar memory.

The Nissan PatrolHero of all terrains

12 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

that each wheel acts independently of the others and each has an air compressor that should produce greater stability off-road and less body roll during cornering. Although we didn't get a chance to test it, the Patrol features some excellent off-road features including Limited Slip Differential & Rear Differential Lock, Hill Start Assist, Hill Descent Control, Active Brake Limited Slip, Tyre Pressure Monitoring System and an Off-road monitor function which are present to ensure the best handling and traction possible.

Safety features on the Patrol include 6-Airbags, Active Head Restraints, ABS, Electronic Brake force Distribu-tion, Vehicle Dynamic Control, Crash Sensitive Door Unlock and Zone body construction which in the case of an accident redistributes the force of impact away from the occupants, passengers in the 3rd row seats are all offered seat belts including the middle seat via a 3 point seat belt and rear window curtain airbags are also included - a safety feature no other car in the class comes with. Nissan Kenya offer a 3Yr/60,000km warranty on the Patrol.

All in all the Nissan Patrol Y62 LE+ is spacious, powerful, does extremely well off-road per the critics and will in our opinion live up to be as reliable and durable as it's worthy predecessors.

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

The feature list on the Patrol is impressive as well, which includes things such as Intelligent key entry, Dual Zone Climate Control, Audio steering control, 13 premium BOSE speakers, Bluetooth, iPod and USB connectivity, an 8" QVGA centre console display, two 7" LCD enter-tainment panels in the 2nd row, a sunroof, around view monitor with 4 cameras to assist with parking, auto compass integrated into the mirror and a handy centre console with storage and cool-box for 6 500ml bottles. One particularly impressive fact was the rear storage space of 550 litres which increases to a staggering 3170 litres with the 2nd and 3rd row of seats folded down.

Driving the Patrol was quite fun, it is a very quiet car given its monstrous V8 engine and the growl is superb as you close in on the 6000-7000rpm band, the gear changes are quick and responsive in either direction. Any potholes and bumps were encountered with minimal fuss. Nissan claim the laminated windshield and front windows reduce cabin noise by 35 percent compared to normal glass adding to the quietness of the ride. The Patrol has 4 drive modes which can be alternated at the turn of a rotary dial depending on the terrain - sand, on-road, snow and rock. We only drove it in the on-road selection, we found the handling to be good though there is a vague patch of a few degrees in the middle while turning the steering where nothing much happens, the steering takes approxi-mately 3.5 turns to get from left lock to right lock. Nissan claim the combined city/highway fuel consumption figure on the Patrol is 14.5L/100km and on our trip the computer found this to be close to the ballpark figure at 15L/100km, yes the Patrol is a thirsty SUV but with a fuel tank capacity of a 140 litres you'll make it Mombasa easily, with plenty to spare to reach Diani.

The LE+ model at Nissan Kenya also includes a Hydrau-lic Body Motion Control system which features indepen-dent suspension all around for the first time, this means

The Nissan Patrol has an impressive legacy, spanning more than 60 years and 7 generations. In that period it has cultivated a huge fan base due to its reliability, off road performance and durability in the harshest of conditions. In the Miles Ahead expedition into Africa in 2005, the Patrol Y61 covered 17 countries over a period of only 157 days, across some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world due to it's superior 4x4 capabilities. The successor to the Y61 is the more than capable Patrol Y62.

What makes this iteration different from previous itera-tions is that the seventh generation Patrol comes only with a petrol engine, given that its major market is now in the Middle East where petrol is cheap to say the least, it's also bigger and thus roomier - 85mm wider, 90mm longer and 55mm taller - and weightier coming in at a kerb weight of 2830kg. The Patrol can seat up to 8 people and you could well use the Patrol as a limousine by putting the middle seats down.

Nissan Kenya offers the LE+ version of the Patrol which is very competitively priced compared to its main rival the Land Cruiser by 15-20 percent. Given the design improve-

ments the Patrol definitively does look more high end but it can still do some serious work - this generation is the most powerful in the Patrol's history. The engine is a mighty 5.6-litre V8 petrol that generates 298kW of power and 560Nm of torque. 90 percent of the torque is avail-able at just 1600 rpm, this means the Patrol has some serious towing capacity of up to 3500 kg. Top speed on this 7-speed automatic with manual option is north of 200km/h.

We drove the Patrol for a couple of hours along Mombasa Road, Uhuru Highway, Waiyaki Way, Riverside, Laving-ton and back. Yes, we missed out on the Patrol's off-road capabilities but we liked what we saw and we'll be going back for more. The interior has a nice wood grain panel and leather trim finish. We found the legroom in the front seats as being very spacious and in the second row as very comfortable, the 3rd row we found to be a little cramped but this was expected given our height, what helps is that the rear most seats are adjustable backwards. The leather seats themselves felt comfortable on our test drive, the front seats are electronically adjustable and the driver's seat offers lumbar memory.

To nd out more about the Nissan Patrol go to: www.nissankenya.com

PERFORMANCE

5.6L V8 engine along with VVEL technology and an industry-rst Direct Injection Gasoline system delivers seamless acceleration with 400hp and 560Nm of torque.

TRANSMISSION

The 7-speed Automatic transmission with Manual mode and synchronised Rev Control

that each wheel acts independently of the others and each has an air compressor that should produce greater stability off-road and less body roll during cornering. Although we didn't get a chance to test it, the Patrol features some excellent off-road features including Limited Slip Differential & Rear Differential Lock, Hill Start Assist, Hill Descent Control, Active Brake Limited Slip, Tyre Pressure Monitoring System and an Off-road monitor function which are present to ensure the best handling and traction possible.

Safety features on the Patrol include 6-Airbags, Active Head Restraints, ABS, Electronic Brake force Distribu-tion, Vehicle Dynamic Control, Crash Sensitive Door Unlock and Zone body construction which in the case of an accident redistributes the force of impact away from the occupants, passengers in the 3rd row seats are all offered seat belts including the middle seat via a 3 point seat belt and rear window curtain airbags are also included - a safety feature no other car in the class comes with. Nissan Kenya offer a 3Yr/60,000km warranty on the Patrol.

All in all the Nissan Patrol Y62 LE+ is spacious, powerful, does extremely well off-road per the critics and will in our opinion live up to be as reliable and durable as it's worthy predecessors.

13 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | FEBRUARY 2015

There are various configurations of engine types used in vehicles today. The most common being the Straight/ Inline Engine, the V Type Engine, the Boxer/Flat Engine and the Diesel Engine. Other types include the Rotary Wankel Engine used in some Mazdas.

Straight / Inline Engines

As the name suggests these engines have cylinders arranged in a straight line, one after the other. This type of engine has a lower production and maintenance cost compared to an equivalent Flat or V Type engine as the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts. Due to its smaller size and lightweight construction the Inline 4 (L4) engine is the most popular engine in the market today and the preferred choice for Front Wheel Drive Cars as the design is very fuel efficient. The Inline engines are generally not as smooth as the other engine types as the vibrations from the engine increase with any corresponding increase in the power and size of the engine, resulting in lower strength and durability.

V Type Engines

The V Type engine is tried and tested. It has provided huge performance over the years. In this engine type the engine has two rows of cylinders angled at ninety degrees to each other. The engine has a short length, great stability of the engine block, a heavy crankshaft and a relatively low profile which is very practical in motor-sports applications. Having a lower engine naturally lowers the centre of gravity which increases the car's handling greatly. The rigidity provided by the engine design is excellent for endurance motorsports as well. Used in F1, this type of engine allows the possibility for very high compression ratios, without engine block distortion under load, thus resulting in more power. The compact engine design also means that you can achieve shorter car length without losing passenger room. The V6 engine is the second most popular engine configuration but its popularity has been waning in recent years as the inline is more fuel efficient and cost effective.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

Similar to the movement two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a fight make is the origin of the name

anointed to this Engine design. Invented in 1896 by Karl Benz this was the first internal combustion engine with its horizontally opposed pistons. The engine has multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. Boxer engines have a lower center of gravity than other common configurations so vehicles that use them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. The most popular layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft as a result the two pistons join together in the middle of Top Dead Centre. These engines are also wider than other configu-rations and the extra width causes problems in fitting the engine into the engine bay, though this hasn't stopped Subaru from producing dynamic AWD front engined cars for years now with the accompanying smoothness throughout the rev range that such engines bring. The boxer has a natural dynamic balance which means that the engine is smooth and harmonious at idle. These engines do tend to be noisier at higher revs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel and patented in 1892. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines don't use spark plugs as these engines use compression of the air-diesel mix to ignite the mix alone. The sequence that occurs in Diesel engines is that the air intake stroke is followed by the compression stroke that results in a hot compressed air mix that is then followed by the injection of the diesel fuel resulting in the combustion stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Diesel ignites without the need of a spark plug as its auto-ignition point is at 210 C vs 247280 C for petroleum. Diesel is also denser than petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy. Diesel engines have much greater efficiency at converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to petroleum based engines and are thus used extensively in large trucks, boats, earthmoving machinery etc. Diesel engines also produce more torque.

THE TOP 10Pick from the 2015 Detroit Auto show*

The Lexus GSF 5 Liter V8, 468hp and 389 pounds of torque

The Chevrolet VoltCan travel up to 50 miles without burning gas. Smaller, more efcient engine and fresh styling

The Cadillac CTS-VA super charged 6.2 Liter V8, boasting a 640hp with a top speed of 200 mp

The Hyundai Santa CruzFuturistic looking,

innovative truck cross-over concept

The Ford F150 Raptor

More power & mean looks, It comes with a 3.5 Liter eco-boost V6 engine

and a 10 speed transmission

The Acura NSX550hp from the twin turbo V6, with a 9 speed transmission and three hybrid electric motors

The Ford GTFeatures the most powerful eco-boost production engine ever producing more then 600hp

The VW Cross Coupe GTEA stylish and futuristic plug- in hybrid with all wheel drive

The Shelby GT 350RCarbon Fiber Wheels! Also rst

ever production V8 from Ford with a at plane crankshaft

The Mercedes GLE Coupe 63 AMG

Super athletic, razor sharp driving dynamics and great power

15 DRIVEKENYA.CO.KE | JANUARY 2015

*The cars shown above are listed in no particular order

1) Hi KCG, I'm having a problem with the front passenger door lock of my Honda CRV. My passenger side door switch was unable to open the door, I had to use the master switch on the drivers side. I manually switched the small white component on the passenger door and now i can't close the door and it won't switch back. :KDWFDQGRWR[WKLV"

(KCG) - Hi. What you describe seems to be a problem with the door lock actuator. These are moving parts and go bad over time. Have it tested to see if the linkage is detached and bench test the actuator to check its operation.

2) I have a Mazda Demio, 2005 model. Recently my car has been taking time in picking up speed. This LVKDSSHQLQJHYHQZKHQWKHURDGVXUIDFHLVDWand the rpm gauge is over 4000, the car starts rumbling as well. What's going on?

(KCG) - There are quite a few possible causes for this: FKHFNWRVHHLI\RXKDYHVXFLHQWIXHOSUHVVXUHDOVRlook at the condition of your spark plugs. What color are the spark plug tips? Do they smell of petrol? $OVRFKHFNWRVHHLI\RXUJHDUER[XLGVDUHDWWKHLUcorrect level.

3) I have a second hand Touareg 2006 model. When accelerating the car there is a thud at the back half of the car. The ride is smooth once I level out to a speed over 30 kmh. A friend told me it might be the universal joint?

(KCG) - Universal joints usually cause the symptoms you describe during acceleration and deceleration. A worn universal joint will vibrate during acceleration and deceleration.

To s e n d i n y o u r q u e s t i o n s t o t h e K e n y a C a r G u y C o n t a c t : i n f o @ d r i v e k e n y a . c o . k e

Your Questions Answered!

Each month, our car guy gives yousolutions to the problems you face with your car.

4) There is a funny sound coming from around the alternator area for the past few weeks. I have a 2005 Corolla and after I park it for the weekend it doesn't start the next Monday. What's going on?

(KCG) - The noise coming from the alternator area is trying to tell you that it's not function-ing as it should. The battery is QRWEHLQJFKDUJHGVXFLHQWO\

5) I have a 2007 Mercedes c180. I have a persistent squealing noise coming every time I press the brakes. I recently changed all disc rotors and brake pads. My mechanic also applied grease to the brake spacers and pads were sanded down. Yet noise still FRPHV$Q\[IRUWK