DSM 2015 N15 - Dnyanopasak · kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb`, na^Ur. 2015-2016 ór-eŠVr {deofm§H$ g§nm{XH$m àm.S>m°.gm¡. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJm§dH$a CnàmMm`m©

$Page 1: DSM 2015 N15 - Dnyanopasak · kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb`, naÛr. 2015-2016 ór-eŠVr {deofm§H$ g§nm{XH$m àm.S>m°.gm¡. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJm§dH$a CnàmMm`m©$
kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb`, naÛr.

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English

1. The Current Status of Women in India 124Khandare Prakash

2. Indian Women Freedom Fighters 126Panchange Sumit

3. Women Empowerment : A Survey 128Shardul Pedgaonkar

4. CHANDA KOCHHAR 130Dhanashri Joshi

5. Contribution of Women to Botony 132Sneha V. Shinde

6. Women Empowerment : As Assessment 133Sneha Ghansawant

7. Women and Chemistry : A Review 134Supriya Joshi

8. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT : A Note 136Phisphise Pooja E.

9. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA 139Kachole Ashwini

{d{dY {d^mJm§Mo {dÚmWu H|$ÐrV e¡j{UH$ CnH«$_

(Ahdmb) 2014-15{d^mJ {d^mJ à_wIAW©emñÌ {d^mJ àm.S>m°. Vdma AéU 144OrdV§ÌkmZ {d^mJ àm.S>m°. H$aoAßnm ~r.Ama. 145J«§Wmb` Ahdmb Ama. ~r. {jagmJa 146H«$sS>m {d^mJ àm.S>m°. eoOwi _mYd 147qhXr {d^mJ àmo.S>m°. Om|Yio AemoH$ 148B{Vhmg {d^mJ àm.S>m°. qeXo E.S>r. 150amï´>r` godm `moOZm {d^mJ àm.S>m°. B~Vdma {S>.Q>r. 151amÁèmó {d^mJ àm.S>m°. H$m§~io Ama. Eg. 152gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJ àmo.S>m°. Om|Yio AemoH$ 153_amR>r {d^mJ àm. ^mboamd B§Ð{OV 155g_mOemó {d^mJ àm.S>m°. ìhr. Eb. gw`©d§er 157Dept. of English àm.S>m°. J§JUo AmË_mam_ 158

Dept. of Computer Science àmo.S>m°. IZmio àH$me 159

Dept. of Geology àmo.S>m°. _wio aqdÐ 160

Dept. of Commerce & Management àmo.S>m°. gm|S>Jo E_.EZ. 162

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3. aUqeJ \w§$H$bo _{hbm§Zr- ^JV nmo{U©_m JOmZZ, ~r. E. V¥Vr` df©

d¡{XH$ H$mimnmgyZ N>ibo Vyåhr hmo _{hbm§ZmH$m` {~KS>dbo Vw_Mo Amåhr EH$Xm Var gm§Jm AmåhmbmgVrÀ`m [^fU AmJrV PmoH$bo Vwåhr ~mbrH$m§ZmAH«$moe EoHw$ òD$ Zò åhUyZ nS>Xo bmdbo hmo H$mZm§ZmamI-am§Jmoir Pmbr. XohmMr AmVm AmH«$moe Zmhr H$mhrAmVm JmOdm Vyåhr _XmªJr KoD$Z `m {Xem Xmhrgw`© M§Ð hr bmObo Vw_À`m `m AmKmoar H¥$Ë`mZo{ZgJ© hr WaWabm Vw_À`m `m _mZnZmZo~g Pmbo AmVm Vw_Mo ho S>m|~mar T>m§oJH$maU Kam-KamV OÝ_br Amho EH$ _oar H$mo_Aao Mma q^VrV H$m` XmIdVm qh_V Agob Va `m _¡XmZmVEH$m WmnS>V Jma Zmhr Ho$b Va _mam Wmo~mS>mV~wagQ>boë`m {dMmambm bmWmS>bo Amåhr H$mogmdaOnyZ ahm _XmªZmo Vyåhr Ym|S>m nmSy>Z KoD$ ZH$m nm`mdanm`mVbr Mßnb g_Obo Vwåhr hmo AmåhmbmC§Mdbm Amho _mZ Am_Mm C§MmdUmaM _mZq~Xÿgan§MmnmgyZ Vo amï´>nVrÀ`m OmJoda Zmd Am_Mo q~~dyAmH$memV Jobmo Amåhr gm¡a_§S>bda Am_Mm hþOamAm_À`m àJVrH$S>o nmhþZ M§Ð Vmao hr H$aVr _wOamgwê$ Pmbo hmo OJ Am_Mo AmVm Zmhr Wm§~Uma Amåhr~mhþ _Üò ~i Agob Va Wm§~dwZ XmIdm Vwåhr{X½JO Pmbmo Amåhr Var Zmhr gmoS>bo ZmarnUgÝ_mZmZo dmJdm Amåhmbm AmVm AmåhrM Vw_Mo YZX`m, _m`m, ào_, `m§Mr Zmhr Am_À`mV H$_rnU AÝ`m` {dê$ÜX CRy>Z aUqeJ \w§$H$bo _{hbm§Zr.

&& 2 &&

4. d§emÀ`m {Xì`mnm`r ZH$mo nUVr {dPdy AmB©- bmS> _mo{ZH$m {dîUy, ~r.E. àW_ df©

ZD$ _{hUo ZD$ {Xdgm§ZrPmbr OJ ~KÊ`m KmB©d§emÀ`m {Xì`m nm`rZH$mo nUVr {dPdy AmB© &&1&&

CÚm VyÂ`m J^m©MrMmMUr hmoUma J§_wbJr Amho åhUyZrgmao ZmH$ _yaS>Uma J§_mÂ`m {M_yH$ë`m H$mZmbmAmo..Amo VwPr JwO~yO E¡Hy òB©d§emÀ`m {Xdmnm`rZH$mo nUVr {dPdy AmB© &&2&&

A{dMmaoZo Vy _mPmH$ê$ ZH$mo KmV J§OÝ_mAmYr R>odrZ AmB©Vwbm _r gwImV J§VwÂ`m _§Oyi dmUr _YwZr_O EoHy$ Xo A§JmB©d§emÀ`m {Xì`mnm`r ZH$monUVr {dPdy AmB© &&3&&

nmhÿ Xo {XZy~m _OmbmS>moio ^ê$Z J§Kmb _mÂ`m A§Jmdar_mòMo nm§Kê$U J§VwP _mÂ`m Zer~rVyM _mPr nyÝ`mB©d§emÀ`m {Xì`m nm`rZH$mo nUVr {dPdy AmB© &&4&&

_wbm nar _wbrb øm{_io OÝ_mMm AmZ§XXmoZ hmV {Vbm AmB©Vy Kmb nm`~§X^maU nmiU VwÂ`m hmVr gmao H$_©d§emÀ`m {Xì`mnm`r ZH$monUVr {dPdy AmB© && 5&&

&& 3 &&

5. AmB© ! AmB© ! AmB©!- KZgmd§V JUoe e§H$a, ~r. Eñgr.{ÛVr` df©

_mV¥Ëdmbm gmO XoUmar Vr AmB©,__VoM§ boU§ boUmar AmB©,dmËgboM§ _hËd gm§JUmar AmB©,_wbm§gmR>r dmVrg_mZ OiUmar AmB©,nmImam§Zm n§ImMr Ja_ D$~ XoUmar AmB©,H$ê$UoMm ^m§S>ma AmB©,Amnb§ gwI Xþ:I {dgê$Z Zoh_r boH$am§Mm {dMma H$aUmar AmB©,Am`wî`mVë`m ha EH$m ÌmgmV OrM§ Zmd {OôZ§ CÀMmab§ Vr AmB©,gmW©H$VoZo {OdZ OJÊ`mMm Am{edm©X XoUmar AmB© !ñZoh, _m`m, __Vm, Ë`mJ, AmË_g_n©U `m§Mm g§J¥h åhUOo AmB©,{OdZmV H$Yrhr Z g§nUmar {eXmoar åhUOo AmB© !{Omr CUrd , H$_VaVm Vr ZgVmZm OmUdVo Am{U Vr AmR>dVo Vr AmB©, OJÊ`mM§ nmR>~i AmB©.

6. _wbJr- H$X_ g§{Xn, ~r.H$m°_. [ÛVr` df©

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&& 4 &&

7. bT>m pñÌ`m§Mm- lrYa B§Jmobo, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

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Ho$brg Vy àJVr {eHy$Zr Ý`marKoVbr H$ënZmZo M§Ðmda C§M âmaremoYyZ H$mT>bo Amnë`m XoemVrb ôXrZmd Amho {VMo {H$aU ~oXr

CKSy>Zr gm{dÌrZo {ejUmMo ÛmaåhUyZr Pmbm ZmarMm CÕma_mZrVmo Amåhr Ë`m§Mo CnH$ma \$ma_mZUma ZmhrV Amåhr H$YrM `m ñnY}V hma

KoD$Zr `m Wmoa pñÌ`m§Mm YS>mZmatZmo Vwåhr `m g_mO ì`dñWoda VwSy>Zr nS>m

ñÌr^¥U hË`m H$aUmè`m `mZmamY_mMm g_yi H$mQ>m H$mR>mÚm Vyåhr Agm CH$OyQ>rZo g_VoM ; bT>m\$ŠVbT>m ! \$ŠVbT>m ! \$ŠVbT>m !

8. ñÌr^w«U hË`m- d§XZm am_amd gmido, E_.E. B§p½be àW_ df©

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_wbJm _wbJr g_mZ ZmamAmO àËòH$ OU XoVM AmhonU dV©_mUmMr pñWVr nmhVm_wbtMo à_mU KaVoM Amho.

gJio {_iyZr AmVmøm OJmV Úm EH$M ZmamWm§~dm _wbtMr hË`mH$maU {VÀ`m{dZm gJim H$moaS>mM dmam{VÀ`m{dZm gJim H$moaS>mM dmam.

&& 5 &&

9. H$m` AgVo EH$ _wbJr- ídoVm dm. H$mR>moio, ~r. Eñgr V¥Vr` df©

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EH$ _wbJr - EH$ W|~ nmÊ`mMmg_wÐmV EH$ê$n hmoUmamXþîH$mimV gwImdUmam

EH$ _wbJr - EH$ W|~ aŠVmMmAgVmZm qH$_V ZmhrZgVmZm qMVm {OdmMr

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E_ _wbJr-EH$ ê$n AmXrepŠVM oH$Yr dmËgë`mMo à{VH$Va H$Yr _hmH$mbrMo ê$n Vo AZmoIo

EH$ _wbJr-EH$ \w$b dobrMoH$Yr Am`wî`mÀ`m dobrda S>mobmdUmaoH$Yr jU_w§Jma hmodyZ H$mo_oOUmao

EH$ _wbJr-EH$ ñn§XZ öX`mMoH$iV ZH$iV Am`wî`mMo diU ~XbUmao

10. VmH$V ZmarMr...- nëbdr {gVmam_, ~r.Eñgr.V¥Vr` df©

CR>m _wbtZmo,bT>m _wbtZmo,XoemgmR>r Cam _wbtZmo,AZ§ ApñWVËdmgmR>r PJS>m _wbtZmo &

AmËå`mbm naIm,VmH$Vrbm AmoiIm,em¡`m©Mm ^S>H$m,OJm_Üò PiH$m &

doi nmhÿZ ñdmarMr,XmIdm VmH$V ZmarMrenV KoD$Z VbdmarÀ`m YmarMr,EH$dQy>Z Wm§~dm hË`m nmoarMr &

Omo H$arZ ZmarMm N>i,Ë`mbm XmIdm _ZJQ>mMm ~I,eãXm§Mm C_Q>ob Ooìhm H$m`_Mm di,VoìhmM Zï>hmoB©b Ë`mÀ`m dmgZoMr H$I &

nwT>o Amho Vw_À`m C^ Am^mi,ZH$m ~Zw Vwåhr Hw$Umda ^ma,VwåhrM Úm OJmbm AmYmahoM Iao Amho OrdUmMo gma &

&& 6 &&

11. Vr ñÌr eŠVr- Z_«Vm JUoe dmK_mao (~r. E. V¥Vr` df©)

ñÌr eŠVr åhUyZr H$aVrHo$di _w{V©Mr ^ŠVr,lÕoÀ`m ê$nmZo Vrbú_r, XþJm©, gañdVr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

Vr _mPr _m`,Vr YVu,^w{_H$m gm§^miVrAmB©, ~{hU, npËZ,"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

Ooìhm B{Vhmg nmhVr_hmnwê$fmV VrMr JUVrnU {VO² {dZm ZmhrVwåhm gmaWr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

VoOñdr gw`m©Mr gmdbr~ZwZr AZmWm§Mr _mD$br{VÀ`m ê$nmZo Omhbr gm{dÌr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

{VÀ`m nXamV AmZ§X _mdVr{Vbm Z bmJo _mòMr nmdVrXoVr gwIm§Mr AmhþVr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

åhUVr {Vbm {dÚm XmÌr{VÀ`m hmVr g§gmamMr ImÌrna§Vy, nS>Vo {VÀ`m Xþ:IM§ nXar"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

~ZD$Zr {VO²bm XmgMmbdVmo nwê$f Amnbr _ŠVr,nU AmO ~Xbo n[apñWVr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

AË`mMma ghZ H$aV hmoVr_Zmo_Z PwaV hmoVr,nU AmO hmoVr OmJ¥Vr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

dmhË`m àdmhrMr ZXrJ§Jm-`_wZm-gañdVr,Vr nd©Vm§Mr gmjr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

H$aVr Vr {ejUmMr ^pŠV{Vbm H$amdo Z bmJo gpŠV,g_Ow ZH$m {VbmMma AmoitMr n§ŠVr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

{VÀ`m OÝ_mMr ñ_¥VràgÝZ R>odVo Á`moVr{VÀ`mVM² {hao {Z _moVr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

Vr d§emMr n§VrKS>{dUma AmO H«$m§Vr,Var Vr [Z_©I em§Vr"Vr' ñÌr epŠV...!

àW_Vm: ñÌr {ejUmbmCÀM H$moQ>rÀ`m {eIamdanmohMdÊ`mgmR>r n{hbonmD$b CMbUmao _hmË_mË`mo{V~m \w$bo Am{Ugm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zmd§XZ !

&& 7 &&

ñÌr ì`pŠV{MÌ

1. _bmbm : EH$ eŠVr , EH$ àoaUm

- e¡bOm amOm^mD$ Jmogmdr (~r. Eñgr. {ÛVr` df©)

_bmbm `wgw\$PB©- ho gÜ`m OJ à{gÜX hmoV Agbob§ Zmd H$Xm{MV gdmªV H$_r dÀgboë`m ì`pŠV_ÎdmÀ`mM§ Agob . Ë`mM H$maU§hr VodT>M§ _moR>§ Amho Vo åhUOo _bmbmZo _wbtÀ`m{ejmUmgmR>r, bhmZ _wbm§À`m hŠH$m§gmR>r Ho$bobm Am{U AOyZhr gwê$ AgUmam g§Kf©. _mUgmbmEImÚm Jmoï>rMr OmUrd qH$dm _hÎmd VoìhmM H$iV§ Ooìhm Ë`mMm AZw^d òVmo. Ë`mMà_mUo `m g§Kfm©Mrgwê$dmV Voìhm Pmbr, Ooìhm ñdV: _bmbm emioV OmÊ`mnmgyZ d§{MV amhÿ bmJbr. Ia§ Va {ejUmgmR>rgwê$ AgUmè`m bT>çmV bT>Ê`mMr àoaUm {Vbm {VÀ`m d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z {_imbr.

_bmbmÀmm OÝ_ 12 Owb¡ 1997 gmbr nm{H$ñVmZmVrb ñdmV {Oëô`mVrb q_Jmoam òWo Pmbm.{P`mCÔrZ Am{U Vmoa {nH$mZr ho {VMo AmB© d{S>b. {VMo d{S>b EH$ H$dr AmhoV Am{U Vo ñdV: emimMmbdVmV Am{U {ejUmMm àgma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ H$aVmV. ñdmV ho {ZgJ© gm¡X`© bm^bob§ {R>H$mU na§Vw2004 gmbr Vh[aH$-E-Vm{b~mZ hr XheVdmÚm§Mr g§KQ>Zm ñdmV _Üò Ambr Am{U ñdmVMo {MÌMnmbQ>bo. EH$ Vo XmoZ dfm©VM Ë`m§Zr ñdmV _Üò XheV ngadÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`m§Zr 400 hþZA{YH$ emim ~§X nmS>ë`m. _wbtZm emioV OmÊ`mnmgyZ amoIbo OmV hmoVo. _{hbm§Zm ~mOmamV OmVm òVoZìhVo, Ë`m§Zm Kam~mhoa {ZKÊ`mg _ÁOmd ZìhVm. AemàH$mao _{hbm§Mo {ejU, Ë`m§Mo _yb^yV hŠH$,Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {hamdyZ KoVbo OmV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo ñdmV§Í` ZìhVo. ñdmV§Í`mnydu^maVmVrb pñÌ`m§Zmhr {eH$Vm òV ZìhVo. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm g§Kf© H$amdm bmJbm. n{hë`m _{hbm{e{jH$m H«$m§VrÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zr KoVboë`m H$R>moa n[al_m_wio _wbtZm {ejU KoUo eŠ`Pmbo. Ë`m§Zr {Z^©`nUo AZoH$ AS>MUtZm gm_moao OmD$Z KoVboë`m H$ï>mMo \$bñdê$n åhUOoM AmO_wbr àËòH$ joÌmV àJVr H$aVmZm {XgV AmhoV. na§Vw `m EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVhr ñdmV_Yrb _wbtZmemioV OmVm òdy Zò hr emoH$m§[VH$mM Amho. `mbm O~m~Xma hmoVo XheVdmXr Ë`m§À`m {damoYmVOmÊ`mMr qh_V ZìhVr. na§Vy Amnë`mbm {ejUmMm _yb^yV hŠH$ {_im`bm hdm Am{U Ë`mgmR>rHw$UmMrhr dmQ> Z nmhVm Am{U Amnë`m hŠH$m§gmR>r bT>m`bm Cô ahmdo bmJob Ago _bmbmbm dmQy>bmJbo. Am{U Vr àgma _mÜ`_mVyZ, d¥ËVnÌm§_YyZ qH$dm ~m°ëJÀ`m Am{U S>màrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZVm{b~mÝ`m§À`m {dê$Õ ~moby bmJbr. Ë`m§Zm {ejUmMo _hÎd gm§Jy bmJbr. Vr em§VVoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ,Ë`m§Zm {ejUmMo _hÎd nQ>dyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r, bmoH$m§Zm AÝ`m`m{dê$Õ Cô amhÊ`mgmR>r Iyn H$R>moan[al_ KoV hmoVr. Vr {ZS>a hmoVr. {VÀ`m_Üò àM§S> AmË_{dœmg hmoVm. _Üò {b{hÊ`mgBBC Blog

Hw$Urhr V`ma AgVmZm {P`mCÔrZ , {VÀ`m d{S>bm§Zr Amnë`m _wbrbm nmqR>~m XoV ~m°ëJg² {b{hÊ`mMogm§JyZ _moR>o YmS>g XmIdbo. H$maU AmnU H$ënZm H$ê$ eH$Vmo ho H$m_ EdT>o gmono ZìhVo, Hw$UmMmhr

&& 8 &&

nmqR>~m ZgVmZm Vm{b~mÝ`m§{dê$Õ bT>Ê`mMr OmoIr_ Ë`m§Zr CMbbr hmoVr.

Aem YmS>gr d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z _bmbm ào[aV Pmbr hmoVr. S>m°ŠQ>a hmoÊ`mMo bhmZ nUmnmgyZ ñdßZAmVm amOH$s` ZoVm ìhm`Mo Ago Pmbo. Vo {VÀ`m d{S>bm§À`m àmoËgmhZmZoM. H$maU {Vbm {VÀ`m XoembmVm{b~mÝ`m§À`m VmdS>rVyZ gmoS>m`Mo hmoVo. àËòH$ _wbmbm {ejUmMm hŠH$ {_idyZ Úm`Mm hmoVm.

AmVm Vr Xoem§VM Zmhr Va Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirdê$Zhr _wbtÀ`m {ejUm~ÔbÀ`m hŠH$m§~Ôb~moby bmJbr. ñdmV _Üò Vm{b~mZr H$em àH$mao XheV ngadV AmhoV ho OJmg_moa _m§Sy> bmJbr.Am{U Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2011 _Üò Am§Vaamï´>r` ~mbem§Vr nwañH$mamMr _mZH$ar R>abr. Am{U Aer Vrn{hbrM nm{H$ñVmZr _wbJr hmoVr. Ë`mnmR>monmR>M nm{H$ñVmZ gaH$maH$Sy>Z {Vbm nm{H$ñVmZMm n{hbmamï´>r` ~mbem§Vr nwañH$ma àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

2012 _Üò {VÀ`m g§Kfm©Mo ê$nm§Va g{H«$`Vo_Üò Pmbo. Malala Education Foundation

À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _wbtZm emioV OmÊ`mMr g§Yr {Z_m©U H$amdr Ago {VZo R>adbo. {VMo H$m`© OgOgo nwT>oOmV hmoVo VemVM {VÀ`m Ordmbm YmoH$m dmT>bm. d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ, \o$g~wH$dê$Z {Vbm Ordo _maÊ`mMr Y_H$sVm{b~mÝ`m§H$Sy>Z XoÊ`mV Ambr. na§Vw Vr `m Y_Š`m§Zm Km~aUmar ZìhVr. Amnë`m _yb^yV hŠH$m§gmR>rbT>Umar Vr Ë`m§Zm gm_moao Om`bm V`ma hmoVr. Mm¡Xm df} d` Agbobr _wbJr EdT>çm {ZS>a nUoXheVdmÚm§Zm gm_moao Om`bm V`ma Amho. {ejUmgmR>r {Vbm Amnë`m OrdmMrhr ndm© Zmhr. _wbtgmR>rVr àoaUoMm EH$ _moR>m ñÌmoVM Amho Am{U g_mOmgmR>r H$m_ H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm AZoH$ hmbAnoï>m ghZH$amì`m bmJVmV, qH$~hÿZm Vo ghZ H$aÊ`mMr eŠVr Ë`m§À`m_Üò AgVo, àg§Jr Ë`m§Zm _aUmbmhrgm_moao Omdo bmJmdo Am{U hoM _bmbmÀ`m ~m~VrVhr KS>V hmoVo. na§Vw {VZo H$Yrhr hma _mZbr Zmhr,{VZo {VMm AmË_{dídmg H$Yrhr H$_r hmody {Xbm Zmhr. H$maU {Vbm {ejUmMo _hÎd H$imbo hmoVo. Vr_mZVo H$s {ejU hrM _{hbm§Mr eŠVr Amho Am{U Vo Oa Ë`m§Zm {_imbo Va Ë`m A{YH$ eŠVrembr~ZVrb, XoemÀ`m gdm}ÀM nX {_i{dÊ`mMr hr Ë`m§Mr j_Vm Agob. Am{U hoM Vm{b~mÝ`m§Zm ZH$mohmoVo.

Am{U _bmbm Va gdmªZm {ejU {_imdo åhUyZ bT>V Amho, emim MmbdV Amho. {ejUmÀ`mhŠH$m§gmR>r {R>H${R>H$mUr ~mobyZ {ejUmMo _hÎd nQ>dyZ XoV Amho ho Va Vm{b~mÝ`m§Zm A{O~mVMê$MÊ`mgmaIo ZìhVo Am{U åhUyZM Ë`m§Zr _bmbmbm Q>mJ}Q> H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo Am{U 9 Am°ŠQ>mo~a2012 _Üò emioVyZ naV òV AgVmZm Vm{b~mZr XheVdmÚm§Zr ~gda hëbm MT>dbm Am{U_bmbmda Jmoir PmS>br. Vr Jmoir {VÀ`m S>moŠ`mV bmJë`m_wio Mma Vo nmM Am°naoeÝg Z§Vahr Vr~oewÕ AdñWoV hmoVr. nwÝhm CnMmamZ§Va Vr H$mo_m _YyZ ~mhoa Ambr. {VÀ`m _wbtÀ`m {ejUmgmR>rAgboë`m à~I BÀN>meŠVrZoM {Vbm OrdZXmZ {Xbo hmoVo. {VZo EH$ H$R>rU n[ajmM nma Ho$br hmoVrAm{U `mnwT>ohr {Vbm Amnbo H$m_ gwê$M R>odm`Mo hmoVo. AOyZhr {VMm g§Kf© g§nbobm ZìhVm H$maUVm{b~mÝ`m§Zr {Vbm nwÝhm Q>mJ}Q>H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo hmoV. Y_m©À`m Zmdmda hm H«w$anUm Vo MmbdV hmoVo.Y_m©Mm dmna Vo ñdV: À`m {hVmgmR>r H$aV hmoVo. H$maU Ë`m§Zm {damoY H$aUmao Hw$UrM ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio VoOo åhUVrb {VM nwd© [Xem. Ë`m§Mo Oo XheV ngadÊ`mMo H$m_ Mmby hmoVo Vo Y_m©À`m Zmdmda na§Vw

&& 9 &&

Hw$R>bmhr Y_© Ago H$am`bm gm§JV Zmhr Ë`m§Zmhr _m{hV AgVo na§Vw H«w$anUmMr gr_mM Amobm§S>brAgob Va Ë`m§Zm H$mhrM {XgUma Zmhr.

`m hë`mMm _bmbmda VodT>mgm n[aUm_ Pmbm ZìhVm. H$maU Vr åhUVo "XheVdmÚm§Zr_mÂ`m _hÎdH$m§jm, _mPo Üò` Zï>H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm na§Vw _mÂ`m Am`wî`mV H$mhrM ~Xb PmbmZmhr.

Ho$di Z¡amí`, ^rVr, eŠVrKZVm ZîQ> Pmë`m Am{U Y¡`©, eŠVr Am{U gm_Ï`© `§mZr OÝ_KoVbm EdT>mM ~Xb Pmbm.' EdT>oM Zmhr Va XheVdmÚm§À`m _wbm_wbtZmhr {ejU {_imdo Ago {VbmdmQ>Vo. `mdê$Z {VÀ`m Üò`m§_Yrb àm_m{UH$nUm Amnë`mbm {XgyZ òVmo.

EH$m _wbmIVr Xaå`mZ Vr gm§JVo, "{ejU KoUo qH$dm emioV OmUo ho Ho$di {df`m§Mo {ejUKoUo EdT>çmnwaVoM _`m©{XV Zmhr Va Oo kmZ, Oo {ejU Amnë`mbm emioVyZ ôQ>Vo Vo Amnë`mbm AZoH$Jmoï>r {eH${dVmV, `m§nbrH$S>ohr ñÌr-nwê$f, Y_©-OmV `m§V Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMm ôX Z _mZVmEH$_oH$m§Mo Y_© g_OyZ KoUo, EH$mß`mZo ahmUo ho {eH$dVo. Amåhr Ë`m§_wioM {ejU KoUo AË`§V _hÎdmMoAmho Ago Vr _mZVo.'

{VZo Ho$bobm _wbm§À`m {ejUmgmR>rMm g§Kf© nmhÿZ {Vbm 10 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2014 _Üò Zmo~obem§Vr nwañH$mam gmR>r {ZdS>Ê`mV Ambo. d`mÀ`m 17 ì`m dfu Zmo~ob nm[aVmo{fH$ {_idUmar Vr gdm©VVê$U ì`ŠVr R>abr Amho Am{U Xþgar nm{H$ñVmZr ZmJ[aH$ R>abr Amho.

EdT>çm bhmZ d`m§V _bmbmZo Ho$bobm {ejUmÀ`m hŠH$m§gmR>rMm d AÝ`m`m{dê$ÕmMm g§Kf©àËòH$ _wbrbm qH$dm _[hbobm Zoh_rM àoaUmXm`r R>aUmam Amho.

&& 10 &&

AmOmè`mÀ`m Cemnmer {Xdm hmodyZ OmJVo^ë`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z nwÝhm ~mB© H$m_mbm bmJVoam§Ym, dmT>m, Cï>r H$mT>m H$nmimda Jm|XUam~Ê`mMm Jmd {Vbm b½ZmV {_imbm Am§XU{VÀ`m Ahod`wS>çmAmS> _ZJQ> AgVo KÅ>" 'gmao _rM H$arZ {VMm OÝ_VmM hÅ>Hw$erV ^ma dmhÿZ XoVo d§emgmR>r {XdmnwT>À`m AZoH$ {nT>çmgmR>r VrM OwidVo Xþdm^wB©V nm` éOdyZ ~mB© Am^mimda \w$bVoXohmMmM Im§~ H$éZ AdKo Ka VmobVo !

- em§Vm eoiHo$

2. "_Xa Voaogm' : OmJa ñÌr eŠVrMm

- Hw$bH$Uu amYm, ~r. Eñgr. V¥Vr` df©

godmd«Vr _Xa Voaogm `m _hmZ {dXþftZr XoemV godoMm EH$ AI§S> Z§Xm{Xn VodV R>odbm.Ë`m_wio J[a~, AZmW, _hmamo½`m§Zm OrdZ gwgø Pmbo. {¼ñVr Y_©godH$ Agboë`m Voaogm `m§Zrd`mÀ`m 12 ì`m dfm©nmgyZ godobm dmhÿZ KoVbo. nwT>o Cô Am`wî` Ë`m§Zr OZgodobm dmhrbo. Ë`m§À`m `m_hmZ H$m`m©Mr XIb OJmZohr KoVbr.

Oo H$m a§Obo Jm§Obo, Ë`mgr åhUo Omo Amnwbo &

VmoMr gmYw AmoiImdm Xod VoWoMr OmZmdm &

gZ 1910 À`m Am°JñQ> _{hÝ`mV `wJmoñbmìhr`m `m XoemVrb EH$m bhmZem IoS>çmV _XaVoaogm§Mm OÝ_ Pmbm. bhmZnUmnmgyZM Jar~, Xþ:Ir, Agmø bmoH$m§~Ôbm Ë`m§Zm AmpË_`Vm dmQ>bAgo. 1929 _Üò {_eZZo Ë`m§Zm ^maVmV "H$bH$ËVm' òWo g|Q> _oar hm`ñHy$b BW§ nmR>dbo. VoWyZMË`m§À`m godmH$m`m©Mr gwê$dmV Pmbr.

nwT>o _Xa Voaogm `m§Zr "{_eZ Am°\$ M°[aQ>r' `m ZmdmZo ñdV: Mo {_eZ gwê$ Ho$bo. Amnë`m{_eZMo H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr Ë`m§Zr Jar~, Aghmæ` bmoH$m§gmR>r "{Z_©b öX`' ZmdmMmAml_ H$mT>bm. {OWo Jar~m§Zm _mo\$V Am¡fmoYmonMma Ho$bo OmVmV. VgoM AZmW _wbm§gmR>r "{Z_©b {eey^dZ' ZmdmMm ñdV§Ì Aml_ H$mT>bm.

_Xa Voaogm `m ñdV: `wÕ^w_rda qhS>ë`m, Ë`m A{Ve` gmhgr d YmS>grd¥ËVrÀ`m XoIrbhmoË`m. Ë`m§Zm AZoH$ _mZgÝ_mZ {_imbo. 1979 _Üò Ë`m§Zm em§VVoMo Zmo~ob nm[aVmo{fH$hr {_imbo."^maVaËZ 'hm gdm}ÀM ZmJar nwañH$mahr XoD$Z emgZmZo Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad Ho$bm.

AmOÀ`m [nT>rVrb Vê$UtgmR>r _Xa Voaogm ho EH$ {Od§V CXmhaU Amho. Ë`m§À`m `m H$m`m©gmR>r_w§JrMm dmQ>m Var Adí` ~ZÝ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$`m ! Am{U ñÌr eŠVrMr "" eŠVr'' OJmbm hr XmIdyZXody`m !

&& 11 &&

am_ åhUy am_ Zmhr grVoÀ`m VmobmMm{haH$Ur grVm~mB© am_ hbŠ`m {XbmMm

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3. A{dîH$ma ñÌr eŠVrMm

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ñÌr hr Ë`mJ, Z_«Vm, lÕm d gwOmUnUm `mMr _yVu Amho Vr H$moUË`mM ~m~VrV H$_r Zmhr.nma§nm[aH$-[aË`m g_Obr OmUmar amoOMr H$m_o _{hbm H$aV Amho `mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr.

^maVr` VÎdkmZmZygma ApñVËdmÀ`m {ÌH$moUmÀ`m nm`mÀ`m EH$m Q>moH$mbm nm`m^yV gy{dYm dg_¥Õr XoUmar bú_r Xwgè`m Q>moH$mbm eŠVr XoUmar g§ajU XoUmar _hmH$mbr XþJm© Am{U {ÌH$m§UmÀ`m{eamoq~Xÿ_Üò kmZ H$ënZm XoUmar _hmgañdVr AgVo Aem àH$mao `m VrZ eŠVtZm ñWmZ {Xbobo Amho.^maVmV nwOm Oar nwê$f XodVm§Mr Ho$br OmV Agbr Var MMm© hmoVo Ë`m§À`m eŠVrMr, Ë`mÀ`m Agboë`mñÌr eŠVrMr.

Vgo nmhmVm ^maVmV g_mOmVrb PwH$Vo ñWmZ ñÌr`m§Zm nwê$fmÀ`m VwbZoV {_imbobo Zmhr.Joë`m eVH$mV Ë`m§Zm H$amì`m bmJboë`m g§Kfm©Mm Am{U Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Zr gmYbobr g§Yr àJVr `m§Mmàdmg ^maV ñdV§Ì Pmbm VoìhmnmgwZ gwYmaV OmUmam _{hbm dJ© Ë`m§Mr àJVr. 1950 _Üò ào_ _mYwa`m§Zm ^maVmVrb n{hbr ì`dgm{`H$ _{hbm d¡_m{ZH$ hmoÊ`mMm _mZ 1952 Mm Am°b_nrH$ ñnYm©_Üònwê$f d _{hbm§Zm EH$Ì IoiÊ`mMr g§Yr, ^maVXoemMr n{hbr _{hbm n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr, gw{MVmH¥$nbmZr `m§Zm ^maVmÀ`m n{hë`m _{hbm _w»`_§Ìr hmoÊ`mMm _mZ {_imbo, ^maVr` nmo{bg godoVA{YH$mar nXmda XmIb Pmboë`m n{hbr _{hbm {H$aU ~oXr ^maVr` amï´>nVrnXr _{hboMr {ZdS>à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb, JmUgJ«mkr bVm _§JoíH$a `m§Zm 50% AmajU Am{U _{hbm A{YH$marUrMmO~m~XmarnUo nS>Umao àËòH$ nmD$b Am{U nma nmS>bo OmUmao H$V©ì` `mg H|${ÐV H$aUmao R>abo Amho.\$aH$ Amho Ë`m§Zm g_OyZ KoÊ`mMm AmXa XoÊ`mMm nwê$fmà_mUo g_mZ boIÊ`mMm.

ñÌr OÝ_ åhUwZr Z ìhmdo CXmg

_rM _wbJm _rM _wbJr Agm H$amdm Ü`mg

AmO g_mOmV ñÌr Am{U nwê$fm§Zm ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWo_Üò g_mO åhUOoM 50-50%AmajU emgZmZo {Xbobo Amho. nU ^maV hm AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV Agbm Var ê$T>r, na§nam, n«Wmøm nwU©V: Zï> Pmboë`m ZmhrV Ë`m_wioM ñÌr`m§Mo {ejUmMo à_mU Vgo H$_rM Amho. nUAmYw{ZH$sH$aU, OmJ{VH$sH$aU Am{U Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUm_wio g_mOmV Vm§{ÌH$ ~Xb Pmë`m_wio `mMmn[aUm_ g_mOmda Pmbm Amho Am{U `mMmM n[aUm_ ñÌr {ejUmg _moR>çm à_mUmV nmQ>~i {_iV Amho."^wVH$mimV amÁ` H$go hmoVo d Vo dV©_mZ H$mimV H$go Amho `mMm Vmi_oi KmbyZ EH$ nmD$b nwT>o Q>mH$boOmV Amho.' `m H$maUm_wioM Am_Mr JVr Xþgè`m Xoemnojm H$_r Amho. pñÌ`m§Zm {_iUmè`m Xþæ`_ XOm©hm Am_À`m XoemÀ`m àJVrVrb AS>WS>m Amho Am{U `mMmM gm_Zm H$aV B{Vhmg KS>{dUmè`maUam{JZr g_mOmV {Xdg§o{Xdg òV Amho ^wVH$mi bjmV KoV MwH$m§Mm Aä`mg H$aV. C§MÀ`m -C§MAmH$memV âmar KoV Amho. Á`m ^y{_V amO_mVmZo Amnë`m nwÌmg {ejU XoD$Z _hmamï´>mbm ñdamÁ`

&& 12 &&

~Z{dbo EdT>oM H$embm N>ÌnVr amOmam_mÀ`m nËZr _hmamUr Vmam~mB© Á`mZo Am¡a§JOo~mgma»`m~bmT>ç amÁ`mbm J[Z_rH$mì`mZo gimoH$rnir H$ê$Z gmoS>bo Amnbo amÁ` H$m`_ R>odbo Aem øm_hmamUr.

"_oar Pm±gr Zhr Xÿ±Jr ' åhUV B§J«Om§Zm gimoH$snimo H$ê$Z gmoS>Umar 1857 À`m CR>mdmMr_hËËdmMr ^w{_H$m Agbobr ">Pm±gr Mr amUr bú_r~mB© ' OrZo ^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r [OdUmÀ`meodQ>À`m ídmgmn`ªV Amnë`m _mVrgmR>r bT>br Am{U "_oar Pm±gr Zhr Xþ§°Jr' åhUV aUm§JUmda _aUnmdbr. hm pñÌ`m§Mm B{Vhmg BWoM g§nbm Zmhr ñÌr {ejUmbm nmqR>~m XoD$Z gwê$dmVrg ñdV: {eHy$ZpñÌ`m§Zm {ejU XoUmar n{hbr _{hbm {ejrH$m åhUyZ gdmªer n[aMrV Aímm gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo Zog_mOmVrb Y_mªVamMm eoUm§Mm, XJS>, _mVr A§S>çm§Mm _mam ImV ñÌr {ejUmg nmqR>~m {Xbm Á`m_wioñÌr`m§Zm OwÝ`m, H$_©R>, ê$T>r na§namMm Iam ImoQ>m B{Vhmg H$imbm Am{U `mMmM EH$ n[aUm_ åhUOoAmOMr ñÌr Am{U _hmË_m Á`mo{Vamd \w$bo `m§Mr åhU nyU© Pmbr. "Á`mÀ`m hmVr nmiÊ`mMr Xmoar VrMOJmMr CÕmar'.

_mJMm B{Vhmg bjmV KoD$Z B{VhmgmV Amnbo Zmd H$aUmè`m H$mhr AmOÀ`m ñÌr`m - ""_¡{gboŠQ>oS>hÿ±, BboŠQ>oS>Zhr....'' Á`mo{Vàr`m qgh

ehmÊ`m _mUgmZ§ nmobrg ñQ>oeZMr nmàr H$Yr MSy> Zò, Ag§ åhUVmV nU H$moëhmnyaÀ`mnmobrg _w»`mb`mV gÜ`m `mCbQ>n[apñWVr Amho. Amnë`m nmR>rer I§~ranUo C^r amhy eHo$b AerEH$ _{hbm nmobrg A{YH$mar _w»` R>mÊ`mV Agë`mM§ H$imë`mnmgyZ _{hbmM§ H$m`; nU gd©gm_mÝ`ZmJarH$ gai nmobrg R>mÊ`mV OmVmV. Amnbr JmèhmUr _m§S>Ê`mMr qh_V H$aVmV.

Aßna nmobrg A{YjH$ Á`mo{Vàr`m qgh Ë`m Amë`m Am{U H$moëhmnwamV nmobrg R>mÊ`mM§{MÌ§M doJi {Xgm`bm bmJb§. nmobrg R>mÊ`mV _°S>_À`m Ho${~Zg_moa ôQ>m`bm Amboë`m§Mr ^br _moR>ram§J Ë`mV gdm©{YH$ g§»`m _{hbm§Mr àËòH$mMr Ho$g doJir, VH«$mar doJù`m, nU ~m`H$m ñdV:qh_VrZo nmobrg R>mÊ`mV òD$ bmJë`m hoM Ë`m§À`m H$m_mM§ è.

Á`mo{Vàr`m qgh `m _wiÀ`m CËVa àXoe_Yrb bIZm¡À`m Ë`m§Mo dS>rb nmobrg A{YH$marAgë`mZo àemg{H$` godoMm AmXe© Ë`m§À`m KamVM hmoVm. d{S>bm§Zm ImH$s dXt©V nmhVM _moR>çmPmboë`m Á`mo{Vàr`m Vem embo` OrdZmnmgyZ YS>mS>rÀ`m. E_. Eñgr. Ho$ë`mZ§Va 2008 _Üò Ë`mAm`nrEg Am{U àm{jUmWu CnA{YjH$ åhUyZ ZJa {Oëô`mV ê$Ow Pmë`m. {VWo Ë`m§Zr Amnë`mYS>mS>rMr MwUyH$ XmIdbrM hmoVr. Hw§$Q>UImÝ`m§da N>mnm Q>mHy$Z Vê$UrMm gyQ>H$m Ho$br. XamoS>o, IyZAm{Xg§h Ad¡Y Y§Úmda H$madmB© H$ê$Z JwÝhoJmam§À`m _wgŠ`m Adië`m {VWo Ë`m§Mm ZmJar gËH$maH$aÊ`mV Ambm. OmZodmar_Üò Ë`m H$moëhmnwamV Aßna nmobrg A{YjH$ åhUyZ ê$Oy Pmë`m _Q>H$mMmbH$m§da H$madmB© Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr `mXdZJa n[agamVrb doJù`m ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m Oa~~gdbr. Vê$UrMr gwYmaJ¥hmV admZJr Ho$br. _hm{dÚmb`mVyZ N>oS>N>mS>rÀ`m WoQ> VH«$marÁ`mo{Vàr`mqgh `m§À`mH$S>o òV hmoË`m. _wbt_Üò gwa{jVVoÀ`m ^mdZm {Z_m©U ìhmdr `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr_§S>i H$ê$Z _moOŠ`m _wbtgh ehamVrb _hm{dÚmb`m§Zm AMmZH$ ôQ>r XoV amoS>amo{_Am|Zm nmo{bgm§Zr

&& 13 &&

ImŠ`m XmIdëmm. EdT>oM ZìhoVa `§XmÀ`m JUoe {dgO©Z {_adUyH$sV Bîò©Zo S>m°b~r bmdUmè`m Vê$U_§S>im§Zm Am[U A{VCËgmhr H$m`©H$Ë`m§Zr _°S>_ nmhVmM S>m°b~rÀ`m [^§Vr CVadë`m. Am{UÁ`mo{Vàr`mqgh gm§JVmV, `m joÌmV `m`M Agob Va Vw_Mr _mZ{gH$Vm gj_ Agbo nm{hOo. Amnë`mhmVr H$m`Xm AgVmo Am{U VmoM gd©loð>Ag§ _mZyZ {Zð>oZo H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo. Kam~mhoaM ho Og§>OJAgV§, Vg§ KamVb§ hr ho EH$ OJ AgV§. KamMr, KamVë`m _mUgm§Mr Amnë`mda O~m~Xmar AgVo.Voìhm Ë`m§Zmhr doi XoV, AnojmnwU© H$aV Amnë`mbm {Z^dmdo bmJV§. ho gma§ Kam§À`m nmqR>ã`m{edmÒ_wM eH$V Zmhr. EH$ _mÌ ZŠH$s, KaÀ`m§Zmhr _wbtZm _mZ Imbr KmbyZ Zmhr Va VmR> _mZoZOJm`bm {eH$db§ nm{hOo. VaM Vr ~XbË`m OJmV gd© AmìhmZm§Mm {ZS>a hmoD$Z gm_Zm H$ê$ eH$Vo.

"dYm© {Oëô`mVbr EH$ _{hbm "A{YH$mar' hmVmV H$m`ÚmMm eñÌ KoVo,{Z`_mda ~moQ> R>odVoAm{U dmiw_m{\$`m§Zm gimo H$s nimo H$ê$Z gmoS>Vo '- {à`XeuZr ~moaH$a

EH$ _{hbm "A{YH$mar' hmVmV H$m`ÚmMm eñÌ KoVo. {Z`_mda ~moQ> R>odVo. gH$mir 20:30 Vogm`§H$mir 6 Aer ZmH$mg_moa MmH$moar~Õ ZmoH$ar H$aU§ Ë`m§Zm _mÝ` Zmhr. Amnë`m H$m`©joÌmVamOamognUo MmbUmao Ad¡Y Y§Xo nmhmdV ZmhrV.

_J Ë`m§Zr dmiw_m{\$`m§Zm dR>Urda AmUm`M§ R>adb§M. dmiy_m{\$`m§À`m _w»`mbm ~m§YyZ Ë`mË`m§À`mH$Sw>Z enWnÌM {bhþU KoVmV. "nwÝhm dmiwMm Cngm H$aUma Zmhr' Ag§ enWoda Zmo§XdyZ hrKoVmV.

Ë`m§Mr X~§J{Jar H$V©ÎdmMr Zdr _moha C_Q>dVo. E_ _{hbm A{YH$mar H$moUmbmhr Z Km~aVm~miwMo Ad¡Y Y§Xo ~§X H$aV Amho. hr ~m~ H$m`©goZmVrb bmoH$m§À`m bjmV òVmM Vohr ghH$m`m©bmòVmV.

{à`X{e©Zr CngoZ ~moaH$a dYm© {Oëô`mÀ`m goby Vhgrb H$m`m©b`mV VhgrbXma åhUyZê$Oy Pmë`m. 2004-05 _Üò Ë`m§Zr H$moH$U {d^mJmVrb [^d§S>r (Or. R>mUo) òWo n{hë`m§Xmn[a{dgmYrZ A{YH$mar åhUOo àmo\o$eZda H$V©ì`mg àma§^ Ho$bm. AënmdYrVM Ë`m§M `dV_mi{OëømV ñWmZm§Va H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 2013 n`ªV Ë`m§Zr `dV_mi {Oëô`mV H$V©ì` ~Omdb§. gwÌ hmVrKoD$Z `dV_mi {Oëô`mVrb amioJm§d Vh{gb_Üò Ë`m ê$Oy Pmë`m Am{U nwU©nUo Ë`m§Zr XUmXUH$m_mbm gwê$dmV Ho$br _moMm© CKS>ëmm Vmo dmiw_m{\$`mÀ`m {damoYmV. _ZmV H$gbrhr ^rVr Z ~miJVmdmiw_m{\$`mda Ë`m VwQw>Z nS>m`À`m. añË`mZo aoVr ^ê$Z OmUmè`m àËòH$ Q´>H$, Q´>°ŠQ>ada {à`X{e©ZrMrZOa Agm`Mr. Ë`m gd© dmhmZo Yê$Z VhgrbÀ`m AmdmamV O_m H$am`À`m. Aem dmhZmÀ`m am§JmVhgrb H$m`m©b`mV {Xgy bmJë`m. dmhZ _mbH$ Vhgrb JmRw>Z dmhZm§Mr gyQ>H$m H$aÊ`mgmR>rYS>nS>m`Mo. nU H$V©ì`mda Am{U H$m`Úmda R>m_ Agboë`m {à`X{e©Zr H$embmhr S>aë`m ZmhrV.

hr Hw$R>ë`mhr {MÌnQ>mMr H$Wm Zmhr H$m`ÚmMo eñÌ hmVmV KoD$Z dmiw_m\$s`m§Zm gimo H$s nimoH$ê$Z gmoS>Ê`mMm EH$m H$V©ì`Xj _{hbm A{YH$mè`mMr H$V©~Jmar Amho. H$m`ÚmnwT>o H$moUr _moR>§ Zmhr hoË`m§Zr XmIdyZ {Xb§ Amho.

&& 14 &&

Aímm øm AmOÀ`m ñÌr`m nwê$fm à_mUoM YS>mS>r _maUmè`m, n[apñW¨Zm `mo½` nÕVrZohmVmiUmè`m aUam{JZr AmO {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. AmO ñÌr hr nwê$fm à_mUoM A°Q>mo MmbH$, H$ma MmbH$,H$moH$boU, Q´>H$, Q´>°ŠQ>a EdT>oM Zmhr Va Vr H§$nZrVrb _moR>-_moR>çm _{eZr hmVmiVmZm {XgVo.{díd{dOoVr Q>o{ZgnQ> ~Zvo, ~m°Šga ~ZVo, Aem `m ñÌr`m§Zm AmnU EH$m eŠVrÀ`m ê$nmZo nmhmZoAmdí`H$ Amho. gßQ>o~a 2010 _Üò gw{ZVm {dë`_ñMr boI Ambm hmoVm Vr åhUVo "Jê$S>mbmH$~yVamMo n§I bmdbo AgVrb Var C§M âmar KoÊ`mMr VmH$V aŠVmVM AgVo.' Am{U Vr Am_À`mVAmho. Amåhmbm nU g§Yr X²`m H$mhr H$ê$Z XmIdÊ`mMr Aer Vr åhUVo. `m_wio Amåhm gdm©Zm AmnboÑï>rH$moZ ~XbwZ ñÌreŠVrbm nmqR>~m XoUo JaOoMo Amho.

"AOwZ Xþa {jVrO Am_wMo

AOwZ Om`Mo nwT>o

nwÝhm Z_dy dmXi dmao

nwÝhm C^mê$ {eS>o.....'

&& 15 &&

Zdam åhUmbm{Xì`mMr Á`moV Imbr H$a_bm COoS>mMm Ìmg hmoVmo`_wbJm åhUmbmAmB©, {Xì`mMr Á`moV daH$a_bm Aä`mgmM§ {XgV ZmhrVr amÌâ {Xì`mMr Á`moVImbrda H$aV am{hbrZdè`mÀ`m Am{U _wbmÀ`m_ÜòAm`wî`â OH$V am{hbr

- àem§V AgZmao

ZmQ>H$1. _mPr _mVr.. _mPr _mUg§..- g§Ü`m H$miXmVo, ~r.E. {ÛVr` df©

ZmQ>H$mVrb nmÌ :- J«m_rU ñÌr gIw, {VMm Zdam ½`mZ~m, gan§M, ehamVrb gmho~ Ë`m§À`m JmdmVrb~m`H$m.(gH$mir CRy>Z gS>m, gmdaU, am§Jmoir H$ê$Z gIw boH$am§M Amdê$Z XoVo d Ë`m§Zm emioV nmR>dVo Am{U{VÀ`m _mbH$mbm ~m§Ymda ^mH$ar KoD$Z OmVo d Vr hr eoVrÀ`m H$m_mbm bmJVo VodT>çmV ehamVrbgmho~ òVmo)gmho~: ~mB© Vwåhmbm ho eoV {dH$md bmJUma Amho. Voìhm Vwåhr ho eoV Am_À`m eoQ>bm Úm Am{U

_mo~Xë`mV H$m` _mJmb Vo XoD$.gIw: nU? H$emnm`r {dH$md Amåhr?gmho~ : BWo EH$ _moR>m ~ma C^maÊ`mV òUma Amho.

(VodT>çmV {VMm Zdam {VWo òVmo.)½`mZ~m: H$m` Pmb J§ ! H$m` åhUË`mV, ho gmho~ Ë`m§Zm nmUr {~Ur nm{hOoV H$m`? Ë`m§Zm C^§ Ho$b§g

nmUr {~Ur Xo H$s.gmho~: ho ~Km _r Vw_À`m _mVrÀ`m ^m§S>çmVb§ nmUr ß`m`bm Zmhr Ambmo`. _r Ambmo` Vw_Mr eoVr

{dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r.(VodT>çmV gan§M {VWo òVmV.)

gan§M: H$m` Pmb§... H$am`M§ H$m CX²KmQ>Z Amnë`m ~maM§.½`mZ~m: nU..... . gan§Mgan§M: ho ~K ½`mZ~m VmË`m, Vw eoVr XoD$Z Q>mH$ gaH$mabm? BW§ _moR>r {~ëS>tJ C^r H$aVrb VoAZ²

Jm§d ~r gwXaVrb Vo Amnb§.(½`mZ~mÀ`m _ZmV ZH$mo-ZH$mo Vo âdVmV AZ² Ë`mbm eoVr {dH$m`bm ^mJ nmS>VmV)

gIw : ho ~Km YZr AmnU§ eoV§ ZJ§ {dHw$`mV Amnbr nmoa§ ~mi§ Hw$R>OmË`mb, nwT>H$m` H$aË`mV.gmho~ : Amåhr Ë`m§Zm H$m_mbm bmdw. _moR>r Pmë`mda, ZH$m H$miOr H$ê$.½`mZ~m: Vw Amnbr Ag Jw_mZ Vwbm H$m` H$iV§ ømVb§ J§gan§M : {R>H$ Amho CÚmM, AmnU BWbr PmS>VmoSy>nmM nÝZmg PmS>hm`rV bmHw$S>~r ~ŠH$i {_ibM§

H$rgmho~ : AZ² Vr e|Xÿa Vmdbobr XJS>§ ~r eoVmÀ`m ~mhoa Q>mH$m AZ² Vo XoD$i ~r nmS>m.

&& 16 &&

gIw : EH$X_ Km~aë`mJV hmoVo {Vbm H$m` H$amd H$mhr H$iV Zmhr.(Kar OmD$Z KS>bm àH$ma gd© eoOmaUtZm gm§JVo d g§Ü`mH$mir gIw Zdè`mbmg_OdÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVo )

½`mZ~m: ho ~K AmnU eoV BHy$ Mm§Jb§ Ka ~m§Yw.gIw: (EoH$V Zmhr Iwn AmJ«h YaVo.) hr dmS>d{S>bm§Mr O_rZ Amho. BH$y$ ZH$m Ago åhUVo.

(½`mZ~m: gIw EoH$V Zmhr, åhQ>ë`mda {VÀ`m H$mZmImbr _maVmo.)gIw: Iwn ~¡MoZ hmoVo. {Vbm Ë`m doiobm gmW Úmbm H$moUr ZgVo.

(eoOmaUtZm gm§JwZhr H$mhr Cn`moJ hmoV ZìhVm. Ë`mhr Zdè`mÀ`m eãXm~mhoa OmUmè`mZìhË`m {Vbm H$m` H$amd§ H$mhr H$iV Zmhr. na§Vy {Vbm ^{dî`mVrb AYmoJVrb Jobobm Jm§d{XgV hmoVm Ë`m ~ma_wio Jmd H$g ZmgV` Vo {Vbm {XgV hmoV. EHo$ H$mir JwÊ`m JmoqdXmZamhUmam Jm§d {OWo gd©OU gÜ`m ^mdmgmaIr amhVmV AS>r-AS>MUtZm YmdwZ OmVmV.{OWoEH$ Z§XZdZ Amho Vo gd© jUmYm©V ~Xbob Am{U JmdmM§ {MÌ§M nmbQy>Z OmB©b hr {_VrgIwÀ`m _ZmV dma§dma dmè`mgmaIr ò Om H$aV hmoVr. {VZ§ eoOmaUtZm gm§{JVb§ AmnU hoWm§~dw`mV BWo Oa ~ma C^m Ho$bm Va CÚm Amnë`m gdmªMr Zdao BWo Xmê$ ß`m`bm OmVrb dJm§d {~KSy>Z OmB©b. (Voìhm Ë`m n¡H$s EH$ åhUmbr)

eoOmaUr: Amåhr _mUgm§nwT>òUma Zmhr Ë`m§Zm Wm§~dm`bm. ho ~K AmnU am{hbmo ~m`m H$embm CJMJS>çm§À`m ^mZJS>rV nS>m`M§, Vw ~r Amnbr ~g Jw_mZ ZH$mo ømMm BMma H$ê$. ~m`m _mUgm§Zr§H$g§ bmOyZ -H$mOyZ ahmd. H$dm~r H$m`~r H$am`bm H$g§ O_b Amnb§ Mwb Am{U _wbgm§^mimd AmO Vwnë`m nmoarbm Vw BVH§$ {eH$drVoZ H$m` \$m`Xm hmoUma, CÚm gmga KarOmD$Z {Vbm ~r YwUr ^m§S>rM H$amdr bmJUm. (amÌr MmdS>rda g^m ~mobmdÊ`mV òVo.)

gan§M : ho ~Km JmdH$è`m§Zmo CÚm Amnë`m JmdmV _moR>çm ~maM§ CX²KmQ>Z hmoUma Vdm gJù`m§ZrCnpñWV amhm`M§.

àdoe Xþgam

(Xþgao {Xder gH$mir gJio bmoH$ {VH$S>o Om`bm {ZKVmV {VVŠ`mV JmdmVrb EH$m _wbmbIyn Vmn âVmo. Ë`mbm dS>rb ZgVmV. Ë`mMr AmB© EH$Q>r H$m` H$aUma Vr Iyn Km~aVo.)gIw: Ahmo Hw$UrVar nmoambm BpñnVimV Ý`m H$s, Hw$Urhr E¡H$V Zmhr.

(gIwM Ë`m _wbmbm eoOmarb JmdÀ`m BpñnVimV KoD$Z OmVo. amÌâ, Amnb§ eoV OmUma `mH$miOrV Vrbm Pmon bmJV Zmhr. _Z dmXimgmaI§ g¡a^¡a niV amhmV Ë`m KQ>ZoZ§ {VÀ`mS>moŠ`mV bŠI àH$me nS>Vmo. (\$ŠV CX²KmQ>ZmgmR>r _mUg§ _mUwgH$sbm YmdwZ òV ZmhrVVa H$m` hmoB©b Ooìhm JmdmV Xmê$Mm ~ma CKS>b.)(XodrM ~i A§JmV AmUyZ gmar eŠVr EH$dQy>Z gIw gaga eoVmH$S>§ OmVo Zm H$moUmMr gmW

&& 17 &&

Ë`mda Zdè`mZo gm§{JVbo Vw Oa _Üò òÊ`mMm à`ËZ ~r Ho$bmg Va _r Vwbm Q>mH$brM åhUwZg_O _J Om Amnë`m boH$am~mim§Zm KoD$Z Jmdâ {^H$ _mJV {\$a. na§Vw Vr Iyn doJmZo eoVJmR>Vo Am{U Zmai \w$Q>UmaM EdT>çmV )

gIw: Wm§~m.... BW Oa H$moUr ~ma CKS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Va _r EH$EH$mbm Bù`mZ§ A§Jmda dmaH$aoZ Am{U hmVmV JdVmÀ`m J§OrdaMm Bim KoVo (bmoH$ WmoS>o _mJM gaH$VmV.)½`mZ~m: gIw bjmV R>od ?gan§M : øm ~mB©bm `mS>§ {~S>§ bmJb§` H$m` H$s?gmho~: ~mB© Amåhr ehamVyZ H$mhr Vw_Mm V_mem ~Km`bm Zmhr Ambmo`. BW§ CÝhmVmÝhmV H$m_mgmR>r

Ambmo` BW§ ~maM§ CX²KmQ>Z hmoV` {edm` àËòH$mbm BW ehamVrb n§MnŠdmZmMr ì`dñWmHo$br`.

eoOmarU: ~mB© _mUgmbm bmOyZ ahm`bm nm{hOo {hbm Va H$mhr H$iVM Zmhr.(gdm©M§ ~mobyZ Pmë`mda)

gIw: Pmb§ Vw_M§ AmVm _mP§ EoH$m.EH$ nwê$f: H$embm ~mB© Vwåhr AS>Wim AmUVm` ahmdm H$s JnJw_mZgIw: _r ~mobUma AZ² Vwåhr EoH$Uma H$m` åhUVm ~m`m§Zmo Vwåhr, ~mB© _mZgmZ§ H$g§ bmOyZ ahm`bm

nm{hOo ~mB©À`m OmVrbr emo^V Zmhr JS>çm_mUgm§V bwS>~wS> H$aU§. _J Ooìhm Vw_À`m_m`~mnmg_mZ gmgw gmgè`mbm Kam~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Zdè`mbm ^mJ nmS>Vm Vdm ZmhrH$arV dmQ>V bwS>~wS>Vwåhr, Vdm Hw$R>§ OmVmo Vw_Mm ~mB©nUm. \w$bo gm{dÌr~mB©, amUr bú_r~mB©`m§Mm B{Vhmg {dgabm dmQ>V. _hmË_m \w$bo åhUbo AgVo Amnë`m nËZrbm Vw nwê$fm§_ÜòbwS>~wS> H$ê$ ZH$mo V§ AmO Vw_À`m _wbr emimV Joë`m AgË`m. (Z§Va gan§Mmbm) H$m`gan§M nmM nÝZmg PmS> VmoS>m`Mr AZ² Ë`mMr ~ŠH$i bmH$S>§ H$mT>m`Mr CÚm Vw_Mr nmoaZmVd§S> ømZ§m \$i Hw$Rw>Z XoUma Vwåhr, Am{U Oa PmS>M VmoS>br Va nmUr Hw$Ry>Z nS>Uma,O{_ZrMr Yyn hmoB©Z Am{U hm {hadm Jma {ZgJ©, {H$bm{~b H$aUmao njr, Amnë`m JmdmVrb~mam _{hZo Amnë`mbm nmUr XoUmar ZXr _m` {hbm Hw$Ry>Z òB©b nmUr Jmdmbm {nT>çmZ {nT>çmMmbV Agbobm dmagm ømMm Vwåhr ZmB©ZmQ>H$aUma H$emMmM BMma Z H$aVm.

gmho~: ho ~Km ~mB© Vwåhr {df`m§Va H$ê$ ZH$mgIw: {df`m§Va åhU§ CÚm Va _dm Zdam Xmê$ {nD$Z Kar Ambm KamVb§ gJi§ Ë`mZ BH$m`bm ZoD$

bmJbm. Va Vdm {df`m§Va Zmhr Hw$Qy>§~m§Va hmoB©b XmoZ Kmg ImD$Z OJUmoa Amåhr [^Ho$VmbmJy Am{U _mPM Ka Ýhm` gJim Jmd ZmgV. AmO \$ŠV CÓmQ>ZmgmR>r nmoamÀ`m A§JmbmVmn âVm` Va H$moUr _XVrbm òV Zmhr CÚm _ê$Z Oar nS>b H$moUr Var Amnë`mM ZmXmVAgVrb gJio.

EH$ ~mB©: Ia hm` gIw VwP§.

&& 18 &&

gIw : Vwåhr Va JnM ~gm hmo. _bm AmnwH$sMr JaO Zmhr.gmho~: ~mB© Oam A{V hmoV`§.gIw: hmVmVbm Bim Imbr Q>mH$V hmV OmoS>V gmho~ _bm gm§Jm Vwåhr e|Xþa bmdboë`m Xodm§Zm XJS>

åhUVm ?Vr XJS> ZmhrV Amåhm gm_mÝ`m _mZdmMm AmYma hm` Ë`m Á`mÀ`m Amåhr amoO nm`m nS>VmoAm{U Vwåhr Oo XoD$i åhUVm`§Z gmho~ Vo XoD$i Zmhr VoWo _mÂ`m gmgy-gmgè`m§Mr g_mYrhm` Oo AmOhr Amåhmbm ~mobë`mJV dmQ>VmV. Ë`mÀ`mOdi OmD$Z ~gbm H$s AmYma dmQ>VmoAm[edm©XmÀ`m ê$nmV Vo AmåhmgZr XmoZ Kmg ImD$Z OJÊ`mMr qh_V XoVmV øm amZmV{\$aVmZm {nT>çmZ {nT>çm§Mr AmR>dU ho PmS> H$ê$Z XoVmV. AZ² H$m` åhUVm Vwåhr _mVrÀ`m^m§S>çmV nmUr, gmho~ ho nmUr {në`mZ nwÝhm CÝhmVmÝhmV H$m_ H$ê$ bmJVmo \$ŠV `m _mVrÀ`m^m§S>çmVë`m nmÊ`mZ§ Am{U `m _mVrVwZM A§Hw$a CJdVmV BWM ñÌr`m, _m`m, ~{hUr åhUwZAmoiIë`m OmV H$moUË`m ehamM gm§JVmM Amo {OW nmM dfm©À`m AOmU nmoarbm gmoS>VZmhrV H$moUr? eha {OW _mUwgH$s Zmhr \$ŠV _wIdQ>o _mVa AgË`mV EH$mda EH$. Ahmo OamIoS>çmVë`m _mÂ`m _amR>r _mUgm§V XmoZ KQ>H$m Wm§~m {VW§ Vwåhmbm {Xgb _mUwgH$s,{Oìhmim AZ² øm _mVrVM {Xgb Vwåhmbm CÚmMm Aï>n¡bw. Oam ~Km ehamV amhÿZ A»çm_hmamï´>mda amÁ` JO{dUmao ~mn `m H${dVoVyZ _hmamï´>mÀ`m H$mZmH$monè`mV _mÂ`m BVH$M~mnmbm Xod _mZZmao AZ² _Zm_ZmV Ë`m Xodmbm nwOUmao H$dr B§ÐOrV ^mboamd AOyZhrË`m§Mr Zmi `m _mVrer OmoS>bobr Amho. AmOhr Ë`m§À`m ~mnmgmaIM hOmamo ~mnm§M Xþ:I Vog_OwZ KoVmV AZ² Vwåhmbm BW§ ~ma C^m H$am`Mm` H$emnm`r ? Vw_À`m ~ma _Üò OmD$ZXmê$ R>mogwZ Kar _m` ~mnmbm {eì`m Kmbm`bm Ahmo Oam~r _mUwgH$s AgboV Va øm H$îQ>H$areoVH$è`mMm BMma H$am AmO øÀ`m_wio gmam Xoe OJVmo` AmZ VwåhrM Ë`m§À`m Vm|S>mMm Kmg¿`m`bm {ZKmbmV. H$m` Va Vwåhmbm ~ma C^m H$am`Mm` (jUmYm©V gJi {MÌ nmbQ>Vgmho~mMo S>moio ^ê$Z òVmV. ~m`H$m Va AgwZ AmO XþJm© _mVm gmaIr AmoT>mdUmè`m g§H$Q>mbmnidyZ bmdÊ`mgmR>r gÁO Pmbr` åhUyZ Imbr _mZ KmbVmV. gan§M XoIrb IOrbhmoD$Z OmVmo. gIwMm Zdam {VMr _m\$s _mJVmo gmè`m JmdmgmR>r gIw Ë`m{Xder nmgwZ EH$AmXe© ñÌr åhUwZ AmoiIbr OmVo.)

gan§M: gm§J Vwbm ~jrg åhUwZ H$m` hd`§gIw : Amnë`m JmdmV EH$m _mUgmZ EH$ Var PmS>bmdb nm{hOo Ë`mbm OJdb nm{hOo.gmho~ : VmB© `m bhmÝ`m ^mdmbm _m\$ H$am. O_b Va _m\$ H$am ... nwÝhm H$YrM Ag§ S>moH$ {\$aë`mJV

H$m_ H$aUma Zmhr. nmUr Zmhr XoUma ?

&& 19 &&

H$Wm

1. _mJÀ`m OÝ_rMo ^moJ

- am_ gw`©d§er, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

CÝh§ ~aM da Amb§ hmoV§. amÌâ W§S>rV A§J Xþ_Sy>Z ~agobr nmIa§ A§J PQ>Hy$Z {H$b{~bmQ>H$aV ~mhoanS>V hmoVr. Jwa§T>moa§ XmdUrMr gwQy>Z eoVmH$S>o MaÊ`mgmR>r OmV hmoVr. Xþa OmUmè`m Amnë`m AmB©H$S>o~KwZ bhmZ dmgao OmoaOmoamV h§~aV hmoVr. dmgamÀ`m _mòZo naV {\$aUmè`mbm JmB©bm JwaIr _maV-_maV eoVmH$S>o ZoV hmoVm. JmdmVrb ~m`m ~mnS>çm KaMr H$m_§ Amdê$Z eoVmVbr H$m_§ H$am`bm OmVhmoË`m. nU _r AOyZhr _mi§Ymda JmoYS>çmda nSy>Z hmoVmo. amÌâ Pmon Zgë`mZo A§J OS>mdbo hmoVo.Vi_iV _r nS>yZ hmoVmo. nhmQ>o Ho$ìhmVar Pmon bmJbr hmoVr. nU EH$m KmoJè`m AmdmOmZo _bm OmJAmbr. Vmo AmdmO hmoVm nm§S>y Mm§^mamMm.

""AŠH$m, Mnbm Ý`m`bm Ambmo''

_J AmB©Zo Ë`mbm d{S>bmÀ`m \$mQ>Š`m Mnbm {Xë`m Am{U nm§Sy>Mnbm KoD$Z {ZKyZ Jobm. nU_r A§Wê$UmV nS²>ë`m-nS²>ë`m nm§S>y Mm§^mam{df`r {dMma H$am`bm bmJbmo. hmM nm§Sy nwdu Am_À`meoVmV gmbmZ§ H$m_ H$am`Mm. Iwn H$ï>miy Agë`mZo _mÂ`m AmOmo~mZo Xþgè`m JmdmhÿZ BWo AmUbmhmoVm. AmOmo~mZo Ë`mbm amhm`bm _m§JdmS>çmV OmJm {Xbr hmoVr. drg-n§Mdrg df© Vmo Am_À`m BWoH$m_mbm am{hë`mZo Am_À`mM JmdmV ñWm{`H$ Pmbm hmoVm. nU AmVm H$m_ hmoV Zgë`mZo Ë`mZo H$m_gmoS>yZ XoD$Z Mnbm-~yQ>§ {edm`M§ H$m_ gwê$ Ho$b§ hmoV§. nwdu AmS>XmS>§ {XgUmam nm§Sy>AmVm åhmVmanUmZoMm§JbmM I§JyZ gZH$mS>rgmaIm {Xgy bmJbm hmoVm. VemVM Mma _{hÝ`mnwdu Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo dmaë`mZoOmñVM I§JyZ Jobm hmoVm. Vmo XmamoXma OmD$Z \$mQ>Š`m Mnbm-~wQ> {edyZ ÚmMm. Ë`m ~Xë`mV Ë`mbmH$moUr ^mH$a XoV hmoV§ Va H$moUr H$moaS>çmg. EImX§ Xþgè`mZo hmVmda EImX-XmoZ ê$nò hmVmda Q>oH$dboVa XmoZ {~S>çm KoD$Z {nV ~gm`Mm. Ë`mM§ Vo Xþ:IX {OdZ amoO H$gVar aoQ>rV hmoVm. OUyH$mhr VmoeodQ>À`m ídmgmn`ªV H$ï>H$aÊ`mgmR>r OÝ_mbm Ambm hmoVm. VodT>çmV emioMr K§Q>m dmObr Am{U _r^mZmda Ambmo. CRy>Z Imbr Ambmo, A§Kmoi H$ê$Z ~mhoa nS>bmo.

AmVm gH$miMo AH$am dmObo hmoVo. aã~rÀ`m noaÊ`m Mmby Agë`mZo JmdmV gH$minmgyZMewH$ewH$mQ>OmUdy bmJbm. JmdmVrb bhmUnUmnmgyZ Vo Wmoam_moR>çmn`ªV gJioM eoVmda Jobo hmoVo.Ë`m_wio JmdmVë`m Ë`m ^`mU em§VVoV _mPm _Z bmJoZm. JmdmV 10 dr nmg Pmë`mZ§Va _r ehamV{eH$Ê`mgmR>r åhUyZ Jobmo hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio EH$ àH$mao _bm ehar OrdZ gd`M bmJbr hmoVr. ZwH$VrMnXdrMr ghm_mhr narjm AmQ>monyZ JmdmH$S>o gwQ>çm KmbdÊ`mgmR>r Ambmo hmoVmo. nU JmdmH$S>o Ambmo Ë`mn{hë`m {XdgmnmgyZM _bm JmdmV H$a_oZmg Pmb§ hmoV§. Mma Mm¡Km_Üò _r {_giVhr ZìhVmo. Ë`m_wioKarM A§JUmV ~mOoda nSy>Z ahmV hmoVm|. OodU Pmë`mda A§JUmVM ~gyZ VmgZVmg AmO~mOyMm

&& 20 &&

narga {Za{IV ~go _mP§ ho Ag§ Ywå`mgmaI ~gyZ amhÊ`m_wio _mPo dS>rb d¡VmJbo hmoVo. AgoM EHo${Xder Vo d¡VmJyZ _bm åhUmbo.

"ò, Am§~Q>Vm|S>mÀ`m Om` Mm§~mamHw$Z Mßnb§ KoD$Z ò.'

Ë`m§Mo ho ~mob Vmo\o$À`m Jmoi`mgmaIo _mÂ`m H$mZmda AmXibo Am{U _r XMHy$Z ^mZmdaAmbmo. _bm `m doiobm Mnbm AmUm`bm OmUo ZH$mogo dmQy> bmJbo nU d{S>bm§À`m AmdmOm~amo~aMË`m§Mo hmVhr nmobmXr Agë`mZo ZmB©bmOmZo _r _m§JdmS>çmMm añVm Yabm. ~è`mM {Xdgm§Zr_m§JdmS>çmH$S>o OmV hmoVmo. nwduMm _m§JdmS>m åhUOo WmoS>çm\$ma \$mQ>Š`m Hw$Q>çmZ§r ~Zdboë`m PmonS>çmhmoË`m. nU AmVm gaH$maH$Sy>Z `m bmoH$m§Zm KaHy$b dmQ>n Pmë`mZo Ë`mV ~è`mn¡H$s gwYmaUm PmbrhmoVr. ~è`mM OUm§Zm EH$M Imobr H$m hmoB©Zm nU hŠH$mM§ Ka {_imb§ Var nU H$mhr bmoH$m§Mr Ka§nwdugmaIrM _mVrMrHw$S>mMr hmoVr. _m§JdmS>çmM ~è`mn¡H$s nmbQ>bob§ ê$n ~KV-~KV _r nm§Sy>À`mKamnwT>o Ambmo. nm§Sy>M§ nwduMo Qy>_Xma PmonS>§ AmVm OrU© Pmb§ hmoV§. Ë`mÀ`m PmonS>çmg_moaM A§JUn{hë`mgmaI§ MH$mMH$ ZìhV§. {VW§ AmVm C§Xam-KwerZ§ CH$ê$Z _mVrMo {T>J bmdbo hmoVo. _r nm§Sy>À`mA§JUmV Jobmo. Voìhm Vmo `w[a`m IVmÀ`m \$mQ>Š`m W¡brda ~gyZ H$gë`m Var ^mOr~amo~a hm~«oQ>MrH$mù`m ^mH$ar ImV hmoVm. Ë`mbm ~KyZ _r åhQ>b§.

""H$m` nm§S>~m Zoar H$am`bo H$m ?'' Voìhm nm§Sy>g§H$moMyZ ^mOr ^mH$a ~mOybm H$ê$ZåhUmbm ""ìh` _mbH$! Q>oH$m Mdmù`mda''

Ý`mhmarÀ`m doir Ambmo åhUyZ _bmhr H$gVarM dmQ>b§ Am{U _r Cä`m-Cä`mM ~moëbmo,""Q>oH$V Zmhr Mnbm {edë`m Agë`m Va Úm, AmÊUm AmbS>m`boV.''

""Vwåhr H$embm hobnmQ>m Ho$bm? H$moUbm§ Ym§S>b§ AgVm, ZgVm _mi§XmdaZ§ hmH$ _mabrAgVr Va Amby AgVmo.'' EdT>§ ~mobyZ nm§Sy>Z XmamH$S>o Vm|oS>H$ê$Z hmH$ {Xbr.

"_Zo {S>irbm AmS>{H$dë`më`m Mnbm AmUyZ Xo _mbH$mbm.'

AmV WmoS>r hmbMmb Pmbr Am{U Vm§oS>Z {XgÊ`mBVnV nXa KoD$Z _Zr Mnbm KoD$Z Ambr.KmB© hmoVr. åhUyZ _r Mnbm KoD$Z ~mhoa nS>bmo, nU _ZmV§ Amb H$s, _ZrZ§ EdT>m Vm|S>^ê$Z nXa H$mKoVbm Agob ? _mÂ`mgma»`m n[aMrV Am{U JmdÀ`m _mUgm§nwT>o `m`bm bmOm`bm _Zr H$mhrnmQ>bm-nmQ>bmHw$bH$Ê`mªMr ZìhVr.

Ë`mZ§Va AgM g§Ü`mH$mir ~mO§da bmoiV AgVmZm AmB©Odi hr Jmoï> H$mT>br. Ver Vrhihibr.

""dmB©Q>{Xdg Ambo ~J§ nm§Sy>da _VmanUmV gmo~Vrbm Agbobr ~m`Hy$ _obr. Vo XþH§ gaV` ZgaV` Vda _ZrÀ`m Zdè`mZ§ {Vbm Q>mH$br ~J.''

""H$m? H mD$Z Q>mH$b§'' ""bH$ê$ ìh§V Zmhr åhUyZ Zdam bB© _marV ìh§Vm. na{XemZ§ bJZmV ~rh§þS>çmgmR>r ASy>Z ~gbm ìhVm. øoZo Odm ËòÀ`m Vm|S>mda Ym hOma \o$H$bo Vdm bJZ Pmb. AZ² AmVm

&& 21 &&

na{Xg§ Xþga§ bJZ H$am`M§ åhUyZ _Zrbm BW§ gmoSy>Z Job`§. ~rMmarÀ`m _mJ§ gZr hm` H$m` H$s_m` ? _mJÀ`m OÝ_rMo ^moJ AgVrb ?'' Ag§ ñdV:erM ~mobV AmB© H$m_mbm bmJbr.

_r ~mOoda nS>ë`m-nS>ë`mM _mJÀ`m AmR>dUr_Üò hadyZ Jobmo. H$mhr dfm©nwdu Ooìhm _rnmMdrbm AgVmZm dm{f©H$ ñZoh g§å_obZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Mmby hmoVm. eodQ>Mm Q>ßnm åhUyZ ~{jg{dVaUmÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mV eodQ>r dŠV¥Ëd ñnY}Mo {dO`r Zmd Kmo{fV H$aÊ`mgmR>r {Z~miH$a ga ñQ>oOdaAmbo. Ë`m§Zr _moR>çm A{^_mZmZo Zmd Omhra Ho$bo.

""dŠV¥Ëd ñnY}Mr àW_ nm[aVmofrH$ {dOoVr Amho 9 dr A Mr _{Zfm nm§Sy a§J Am§~oS>H$a. ''

Ë`m~amo~a Q>mù`m§Àmm H$S>H$S>mQ>Pmbm Am{U ~jrg XoÊ`mgmR>r g§ñWoMo AÜ`j Am~mgmho~ Cô Q>mH$bo.~jrg {Xë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr ~mobbobo eãX AmOhr _bm AmR>dVmV H$s, ""{h nmoaJr JmdmM§ Zm§d H$m{T>b§''

Ë`mdoir emioV Am{U JmdmV ZmdmObobr _{Zfm Am{U AmVmMr _Zr `m§À`m_Üò àH$me Am{UA§Yma `mV OodT>m \$aH$ AgVmo Ë`mnojmhr {H$VrVar _moR>m \$aH$ OmUdV hmoVm.

eoH$S>mo {dÚmÏ`mªg_moa {ZûS>nUo gm{dÌr~mB© \w$b|À`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad H$aUmar _Zr AmOË`mM gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo à_mUo H$m OJy eH$V Zmhr? 10 dr 82% JwU KoUmè`m _Zrbm nwT>o Z [eH$dVm{VMo b½Z bmdyZ XoUmè`m nm§Sy>~Ôb jUâ _ZmV MrS>CËnÝZ Pmbr. nU {dMma Ho$bm H$s, `mV nm§Sy>MrVar H$m` MwH$ Ë`mÀ`m J[a~r_wio Vmo _Zrbm nwT>o {eH$dy eH$bm Zgob qH$dm Ë`mM OyÝ`m ~wagQ>boë`m{dMmamVyZ Ë`mZo _ZrMo hmV {ndio Ho$bo AgVrb. Ago EH$ Zm AZoH$ {dMma _ZmV òV hmoVo. Ë`mVMamÌr _bm Ho$ìhmVar Pmon bmJbr.

gH$mir EH$m AmoiIrÀ`m AmdmOmZo OmJ Ambr. nU Vmo KaÀ`m H$moUmMmhr ZìhVm. _r VgM§~mOoda nS>ë`m-nS>ë`m _mZ da H$ê$Z nm{hbo. Va _Zr nwÝhm n{hë`mgmaI§M Vm|S>̂ ê$Z nXa KoD$ZC^r hmoVr. Vr AmB©H$S>Z Ádmar H$s AmUIr H$mhrVar Ý`m`bm Ambr hmoVr _r WmoS>m bmOyZ {VW§M~mOoOdi C^m am{hbmo. AmB© KamV Jobr Am{U _Zrhr WmoS>§ _mJo hmoD$Z {VW§M am{hbr.

VodT>çmV dmè`mMr EH$ PyiyH$ Ambr AZ² _ZrMm nXa CS>mbm. g_moaM§ Ñí` nmhÿZ _mÂ`mA§Jmda jUâ ^rVrZo H$mQ>m C^m am{hbm. H$maU Moham {R>H${R>H$mUÀ`m OI_m§Zr {dÐþn Pmbm hmoVm.`mbm H$maU hmoVm {VMm Zdam.

AmVm _bm H$ib§ H$s, Ë`m {Xder nm§Sy>Zo _Zrbm Mnbm AmUm`bm gm§{JVë`m Voìhm {VZ§ Vm|S>^ê$Z nXa H$m KoVbm hmoVm? _Zr nwÝhm nXa gmdê$Z H$monè`mV C^r am{hbr. AmB©Zo {Vbm ÁdmarM§JmR>moS>§ AmUyZ {Xb§ AZ² åhUmbr, ""H$mB© bmJb§ gdab§ Va Z bmOVm òV Om.''

_Zr JmR>moS>§ KoD$Z OmD$ bmJbr Vgm _r OJmMm Moham (?) ~Zy nmhUmè`m ^maVmVrb ñÌr H$S>o\$ŠV ~KVM am{hbmo.

&& 22 &&

2. ñÌr hÅ>

- qeXo A§JX {dœZmWamd, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

Iyn {XdgmMr OwZr _mJUr AmO gw_ZZ§ Zì`mZ gwZmdbr. {Vbm KamV EH$ {Q>. ìhr. hdm hmoVm.Ë`mgmR>r Vr H$moUVmhr Ë`mJ H$am`bm V`ma hmoVr. {Q>. ìhr. KoÊ`mMr Amnbr E¡nV Zmhr ho OmUVAgVm§Zmhr Vr hr BÀN>m Xm~yZ R>ody eH$V ZìhVr. _mhoaMo {Zamonmda {Zamon Ambo Var Vr _mhoar Z OmVmMŠH$ drg ê$nò àdmg IM© dmMdUma hmoVr. EdT>M Zìho, Va {VÀ`m _¡{ÌUtZm _{hÝ`mVyZ {VZ-{VZnmVio KoVbr Var Vr EH$ gwÕm nmVi _mJUma ZìhVr Am{U `m{edm` AmUIrZ H$mhr Ë`mJmÀ`m Jmoï>rAmR>dë`m H$s Mma-nmM {Xdgm§Zr Vr _mYybm Ë`m {Z`_mZ EoH${dV Ago. AmO _mYyZo Vr ~m~ _Zmda¿`m`M§ R>adb§ Am{U Ë`m Ñï>rZ§ {Q>. ìhr. KoVë`mg nwT> H$moUH$moUË`m Jmoï>r hmoÊ`mMm g§^d Amho ho_mYy {Vbm gm§Jy bmJbm.

ho ~K VwÂ`m AmJ«hmñVd _r {Q>ìhr ¿`m`bm V`ma Amho. nU Ë`mnmgyZ hmoUmè`m \$m`Úm-VmoQ>çmMm {dMma AmnU XmoKm§Zr ZrQ>nUo Ho$bm nm{hOo.

Ë`mV VmoQ>o H$m` AmhoV ? gd© \$m`XoM Va AmhoV _mYw, "ZwgVo \$m`XoM ZH$mo gm§Jwg,' R>rH$Amho. Vwåhr Ë`mVbo VmoQ>o gm§Jm.

ho ~K {Q>ìhr, BñÌr, gm`H$b qH$dm dJ¡ao dJ¡ao Jmoï>rMm Cn`moJ ñdV:bm hmoÊ`mnojm Xþgè`mbmOmñV hmoVmo. Ë`m Jmoï>r dmnam`bm Zoë`m OmVmV d _moSy>Z òVmV. Ë`m dma§dma Xþê$ñV H$ê$Z hmoÊ`mMrE|nV Am{U ghZeŠVr `m XmoZ Jmoï>r Amnë`m Odi nm{hOoV.

(gw_Z ) Amnë`mH$S>o eoOmar-nmOmar \$maeo Hw$R>o òVmV?

{Q>ìhr KoVë`mda òVrb.

H$mhr H$mi em§VVoV Jobm. _mYwMo _wÔo gw_Zbm nQ>bo hmoVo, nS>boë`m Mohè`mZ {V {dMma H$ê$bmJbr {Vmr {H$d òdyZ _mYy åhUmbm,

"~a OmD$ Xo, nwT>À`m _{hÊ`mV AmnU KoD$Z Q>mHy$ {Q>ìhr nU Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrMm H$m` A§XmOAmho? H$mhr ZH$mo {Q>ìhr.

(_mYw) AmnU {Q>ìhr KoUma Am{U M¡Z hmoUma ..

eoOmar nmOmè`m§er AmnU ¿`m`bm bmdy {Q>ìhr. gw_ZZo {ZfoYmZo _mZ S>mobmdbr. nU Ambobh§g _mÌ {Vbm Xm~Vm Ambr Zmhr.

(_mYw) VwÂ`mH$S>o {H$Vr n¡go {eëbH$ AmhoV ?

(gw_Z) XmoZ ê$nò AmR>AmUo. "hpËVÀ`m, AmVm \$ŠV {VZeo gmS>oZì`mÝZd ê$nòM.'

&& 23 &&

(gw_Z) Vwåhmbm Ooìhm VoìhmM gwMVo. _bm "nm°Ho$Q>_Zr' åhUwZ Vwåhr Xa_hm {H$Vr ê$nò aŠH$_ XoVm.

åhUyZ _r OmñV {eëbH$ Q>mH$m`Mr ?

(_mYw) {VMm àíZ Iam hmoVm. _mPm AmdmO KmoJam Pmbm. Vwbm Oa _r Xa_hm H$mhr nm°Ho$Q>_Zr XodyeH$bmo AgVmo Va dmÊ`mMr CYmar R>odbr ZgVr, J§. gw_Zbm ~mobë`mdaM Pmbr hmoVr._mÂ`m CËVamZ§ {VMo S>moio ^ê$Z `m`bm doi bmJbm Zmhr. nU àËòH$ doiobm aS>dUmè`mM§gm§ËdZ H$aVm òVM Ag§ Zmhr. Ë`mMr Om{Ud aS>Umè`mbm ZgV oHo$ìhmhr Amnbo S>moio H$moaS>oH$am`bm Amnbr AmdS>Vr ì`ŠVr Odi `mdr Ag§ {Vbm dmQ>V. nU H$mhr doiobm aS>Ê`mnojmgmËdZ H$aUmè`mbm _mZgmdaM OmñV VmZ nS>bobm AgVmo.

(_mYw) _r {VWwZ CRy>Z ~mhoamÀ`m ImobrV Jobmo. OodU H$ê$Z Am°{\$gbm OmB©n`ªV {deof ~mobU§Pmb Zmhr. nU _r nm`mV Mnbm gaH${dVm§Zm gw_Z Odi Pmbr, gwnmargmR>r nwT>o Ho$boë`mhmVmV {VZ XmoZ gmoÝ`mÀ`m ~m§JS>çm R>odë`m "øm§Mr {Q>ìhr AmUm.'

(_mYw) "nwU© {dMma Ho$bmg H$m ?' hmo`

(_mYw) XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr Am_À`m Jëbrbm ^wH§$nmMm hmXe ~gbm, ~gŠ`m ZmH$mÀ`m nU Zoh_rAmnë`mM Jw{_©V Agboë`m eoOmaÀ`m H$mHy$ d AmOw~mOyMo eoOmarnU Ë`m§À`m~mbH$ZrVyZ _mÂ`mH$S>o d _mÂ`m _mJwZ {Q>ìhr KoD$Z òUmè`m _mZgmH$S>o S>moio \$mSy>Z nhmVhmoVo. Ë`m gdmªZm Vm|S> XoD$Z _JM KamH$S>o OmVm òUma hmoV§ Am{U Ë`m gdmªÀ`m ZOaoVyZEH$XmM§ Kar Jobmo Am{U Oam ~a dmQ>b§. nU {Q>ìhrMr àmUà{Vð>m Pmë`mda ZdamZdarbmnmhÊ`mgmR>r AmOw~mOwMr doimV Oer X~H$V X~H$V òD$Z OmVmV. VÛV doimV doiH$mTw>Z gd©OZ {Q>ìhr nmhÿZ Jobo. JëbrV hŠH$mMr {Q>ìhr Ambr Aem eãXm§Zr {IamnVdmQ>Ê`mV Ambr.

eoOmaÀ`m {S>Jm§~aamdm§Zr AmdmO {Xbm, gmV dmObo ~mVå`m bmdm. {VVŠ`mV H$mHy$À`m{dîUyZo {Q>ìhr Mmby Ho$bm. JëbrVrb Odinmg gd©M ~mVå`m nmhm`bm Ambo. H$maU {Q>ìhrJëbrV Am_À`mM Kar n{hë`m§Xm AmUbm hmoV. Ë`m_wio {Q>ìhr nmhÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_Odinmg amÌr Xhm dmOon`©§V Mmbbm. Xþgè`m {Xder gH$miÀ`m doir A^§J Jm`Z MmbyPmbo hmoVo. Vo E¡Hy$Z _r ZD$ dmOVm Am°{\$gbm Jobmo. g§Ü`mH$mir Am°{\$gmVyZ Kar Ambmo V~mhoaÀ`mM ImobrV OÌoMo ñdê$n Amb hmoV§. g§{JV Jm`ZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Mmby hmoVm. åhUyZn§Yam-{dg df} d`mMo àojH$ VpëbZ Pmbo hmoVo. WmoS>çm doimZo [H$V©ZmMm H$m`©H«$_ hmoUmahmoVm åhUyZ H$mHy$, _mB©, dJ¡ao VËg_ _§S>ir nU hOa Pmbr hmoVr. Am{U øm gmè`m KmoiŠ`mVAm_M§ "H$bÌ' _§JimJm¡[aÀ`m Mm¡a§Jmà_mU _Ü`^mJr ~gb§ hmoV. g§Ü`mH$miMm Mhm hþH$bmAm{U amÌrM OodU {nQ>>bo-^mH$[aV CaH$b§ Job.

Xþgè`m {Xder JpëbVrb eoOmè`m§Zr Amnbo {Q>ìhrMr nmhÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar CaH$br. gH$mirMhm KoÊ`mÀ`m doirM _mYdamd KamV Kwgbo Am{U {Xdgâ hmoUmao H$m`©H«$_ Ë`m§Zr _bm

&& 24 &&

gm§Jm`bm gwê$dmV Ho$br. AWm©V Ë`m§Mm MhmnmUr nU _mÂ`m ~amo~aM Pmb§. {Q>ìhrMm hm EH$VmoQ>m _r gm\$ {dgabmo hmoVmo. gmS>oAmR>À`m gw_mamg {_ (_mYw) XmT>r H$aV AgVm§ZmMàH$meH$amd ho _mÂ`m ImobrV Ambo. _mYdamd Am°{\$gbm OmVm§Zm {Q>ìhr bmdyZ Jobo H$m?Xþnmar EH$ Mm§Jbm H$m`©H«$_ nmhÊ`mgmaIm Amho.

(_mYw) _mPm hmV W~H$bm gm~ZmÀ`m OmS> Wam_wio àH$meamdm§Zm _mÂ`m Mohè`mdaM§ AmíM`©{Xgb§M Zgm§d Ë`m§Zr nwT>o nwñVr OmoS>br. Zmhr Aer dñVy EH$hmVr Agmdr åhUyZ gm§{JVb§.

(_mYw) _mÂ`mM {Q>ìhrÀ`m H$miOrgmR>r _bm bg H$aU Amdí`H$ hmoV§.

g§Ü`mH$mir Am°{\$gdê$Z Kar Amë`mda ghO J°bo[aV Cä`m Ho$boë`m A§Q>rÝ`mda _mPr WoQ>ZOa Jobr. Va H$m`! Ë`m A§{Q>Ý`mda H$mHy§$Zr Ë`§mMo H$nS>o dmiy KmVbo hmoVo ~mhoa òdyZ {_Ë`m H$nS>̀ mH$S>o nmhmV AgVm§ZmM H$mHy$ ~mhoa Amë`m d g_mYmZnyd©H$ AmdmOmV åhUmë`m,{H$Vr {Xdg Pmbo `m§Zm gm§JVo Amho J°b[aV EH$ Vma R>moHy$Z Úm H$nS>çm§gmR>r. nU E¡H$VH$moU? AmVm Am`VrM gmo` Pmbr Am_Mr.'

(_mYw) _r Z ~mobVm gJio H$nS>o H$mTy>Z Ë`m§À`m KamV ZoD$Z R>odbo. Ë`m àH$mam_wio amÌrn`ªVAmåhrbm {Q>ìhr ~KVm Ambm Zmhr. EdT>o H$mHy$ ~mobV hmoË`m. XmoZ {Xdg Hw${Uhr {Q>ìhr~Km`bm Amb§ Zmhr. nU e{Zdma COmS>VmM gd©OU AmnmoAmn ZH$iV O_m Pmbo amÌrgmS>oZD$ dmOVm, H$dm`{Vbm EHo$H$ {enmB© _¡XmZmda hOa ìhmdm Vgo EHo$H$ OU ImobrVòD$Z hOa Pmbo. amÌr Pmonm`bm gmS>o~mam dmObo.OmJa hm, Z AmR>dbobm AmUIrZ EH$VmoQ>m. a{ddmar Va H$haM Pmbm. JëbrVë`m gJù`m a{hdmem§Mo g§{JV ào_ OmJo Pmbo hmoVo.hr bjmV òÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> hmoVr. MmaÀ`m Xaå`mZ bhmZ-bhmZ gd© _wbo {MÌnQ>nmhÊ`mgmR>r e{Zdma Am{U a{ddma `m`Mr. Vr EH$gmaIr VrZ Vmg {MÌnQ> nmhV AgV.{MÌnQ>g§nyZ gJioOZ OmVmV Z OmVmV VmoM dm_Zamd åhUmbo, "AmO gm¢^Ð ZmQ>H$ hmoUmaAmho Xodm.' OodU bdH$a AmQ>nm åhUOo {ZpíMnUo ZmQ>H$ ~Km`bm {_iob.'

VmoM gw_Z ~mhoa òV åhUmbr,

ñd`§nmH$ V`ma Amho. _r (_mYy ) PQ>H$Z åhUmbmo dm_Zamd AmO Amåhmbm ~mhoa Om`M§Amho. \$ma Oê$arM H$m_ Amho. Voìhm _bm Job§M nm{hOo. haH$V Zmhr {Q>ìhr bmdyZ Om, Amåhr~KV ~gw. (_mYw) Ymo~rnN>mS> n¡MmV n{hbdmZ Ogm AmnQ>bm OmVmo Vgm _r gmnAmnQ>bmo.ZmQ>H$ ~Km`M§ gm¡»` Va J_mdbM nU Ë`m{edm` OodU Pmë`m~amo~a nQ>H$Z~mhoa Omdo bmJb. ~mhoa nS>ë`mda _r gw_Zbm åhUmbmo _r Hw$bynM bmdUma hmoVmo.

(gw_Z) Vg§ H$g§ H$aVm òB©b? Amnë`m Kambm AmnU a§J bmdyZ KoVbm Voìhm VQ>~§b {XS>-XmoZ{Xdg AmnU Ë`m§À`mM KamV Vi R>moH$bm hmoVm.

Vo gJi§. Ia§ Amho. nU amoO amoO OmJaU Var {H$Vr H$am`M§ ? Ë`mbm H$m` {dbmO? _mJ§Vwåhr [\$aVrda Jobm§ hmoVmV Am{U BH$S>o _r AmOmar nS>bo Voìhm eoOmaÀ`m H$mHy$ amÌâ

&& 25 &&

_mÂ`m Cemer òdyZ ~gë`m hmoË`m.

(_mYw) {VM§ åhUZ§ Ia§ hmoV. Am_À`m gmYmaU n[apñWVr_wio àËòH$mMo Am_À`mda Ago H$mhrCnH$ma Pmbo hmoVo H$s, Amåhr Ë`m§Zm H$moUË`mhr VèhoZo XþIdy eH$V ZìhVmo. doir AdoirCnH$ma H$ê$Z, g§~§Y dmT>dyZ Ë`m§Zr Amåhmbm Aem H$mhr nmVirbm AmUwZ R>odb hmoV H$s,AmVm Amåhr Ë`m§À`m H$moUË`mhr _mJUrbm "Zmhr ' åhUyM eH$V ZìhVmo. nU Ë`m CnH$mamMr\o$S>Aem VèhoZo H$aUo _bm Ho$ìhmhr _hmJmV nS>bo AgVo. amÌr nwÝhm {Q>ìhr ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>råhUyZ Amåhmbm gmS>oAH$amÀ`m AmV Kar naVU Amdí`H$ hmoV§. Amåhr naVbmo. _{hZm~Xbbm BbopŠQ´>H$M§ {~b nmhþZ _r (_mYw) ImbrM ~gbmo. Zoh_rÀ`m AmH$S>çmÀ`m {VßnQ>AmH$S>m {~bmda PiH$V hmoVm.

EHo$ {Xder _r H$m_mdê$Z Kar Ambmo. {Q> ìhr ~§X Agbobr nmhÿZ _bm Oam ZdbM dmQ>b§.MhmnmZ Pmë`mda {_M Oam {Q>ìhr bmdbr. Vwåhmbm ImoQ>dmQ>ob nU {Q>ìhr KoVë`mnmgyZ _r\$ŠV Xþgè`m§XmM hmV bmdbm hmoVm. n{hë`m {Xder {Q>ìhr H$gm bmdm`Mm hoXmI{dë`mnmgyZ _mÂ`mda {Q>ìhr bmdÊ`mMr nmirM Ambr ZìhVr. _r CËgwH$VoZo hmVbmdbm Am{U ~Q>Uo Xm~bo {Q>ìhr bmJbm nU ZwgË`m _w§½`m `m`bm bmJë`m.

{Q>ìhr {~KS>bm H$m J§? _r (_mYy) AmoaS>bmoM. Zmhr. {ZduH$ma CËVa Amb§.

(_mYw) _J H$gH$m` {Q>ìhr bmJV Zmhr.

(gw_Z) A§{Q>Zm H$mTy>Z Zo bm`. åhUOo H$m`? Ahmo amOw AmhoV Zm§ Ë`m§Mm gmho~ Amho Zm Ë`m§À`m KarAmnë`mM H§$nZrMm {Q>ìhr Amho. Ë`m§Mm A§{Q>Zm Iam~ Pmbm Amho. Vo Z{dZ KoUma AmhoV, nUË`m§Mm _wbJm H$m`©H«$_mV ~mobVmZm {Q>ìhrda {XgUma Amho. åhUyZ amOwZo Amnbm A§Q>rZmË`m§À`m gmho~m§Zm ZoD$Z {Xbm Amho. {Q>ìhrMm A§{Q>Zm hr H$m` CgZr _mJm`Mr dñVy Pmbr.nañna _moR>onUm ¿`m`bm gmoH$bobo Am{U Vw Var nadmZJr H$er {Xbrg?

eodQ>r _r (_mYw) {VÀ`mda Kgabmo hmoVmo. _Yë`m dñVw§Zr âbob§ Amho. H$Yr {dgam`bmòB©b H$m? _r Jßn ~gbmo AJXr Vm|S>Xm~ë`m à_mUo. AmVm {Q>ìhrMo _hÎd hiwhiw hmoV hmoVo.Am_À`m {Q>ìhrMo H$m¡VwH$ H$aUmao bmoH$ BVa {Q>ìhr ~amo~a VwbZm H$ê$ bmJbo bmoH$m§À`m {Q>ìhrAmVm H$ba _Yrb Amë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio gw_ZOdi Aem àH$maMr {Q>H$m hmoD$ bmJbrAm{U EHo$ {Xder Ë`m {Q>Ho$bm gw_ZH$Sy>Z PUP{UV CËVa {_imë`mda Am_À`mV åhUOogw_Z Am{U _mYw `m§À`mV N ËVrgMm AmH$S>m {Z_m©U Pmbm.

(_mYw) _r em§V hmoVmo gw_Z _mÌ BVH$s Vmnbr hmoVr H$s, XþnmaÀ`m Mhmbm ñQ>moìhMr JaO ^mgbrMZgVr. {VMr g_OwV Km{bV _r åhUmbmo gw_Z dmB©Q> dmQw>Z KoD$ ZH$mog. AmnU EdT>§MbjmV R>odmd§ H$s _Ü`_ dJm©Vë`m _mZgm§Zr âmè`m _mamì`mV, _hÎdH$m§jm d {OÔ_mZgmbm ñdV:À`m CËH$fmªgmR>r Adí` Agmdr nU Ë`mnydr© àËòH$m§Zr Amnbr {g_maofmAmnë`mnmgyZ {H$Vr A§Vamda Amho, ømH$S>o àW_ bjmV Úmd§. H${dd`© {dbmg gm_mao Ambo.

&& 26 &&

åhUmbo _mYdamd AmO _w§~B©bm H${dg§_obZ Amho. Vo {Q>ìhr da XmIdUma AmhoV.

_r nwT>o Pmbmo H$mo{Uhr EodyZ {Q>ìhr bmdmdm BVH$m AmnbonUm {Z_m©U Pmbm hmoVm.Ë`mM E¡Hy$Z _r VmS>VmS> JÀMrda Jobmo. _r amJmdbobm Amho. g_OÊ`mMr gwÕm AŠH$bZìhVr Ë`m§À`mV. XmoZ Vmg {Q>ìhr Ë`m§À`m Vmã`mV hmoVm. _mÂ`m _mKmo_mK gw_Z nUJÀMrda Ambr. gw_mao gmS>oXhmÀ`m gw_mamg H$mHw§$Mm _wbJm JÀMrda òdyZ åhUmbm Ahmo,Vw_À`m {Q>ìhrMm ~Km H$gm AmdmO òVmo`. {dOoÀ`m doJmZ Imbr Jobmo ~hþVoH$ gJio ngmaPmbo hmoVo. dm_Zamd d H${dd`© {dbmg Hw${UVar _oë`mà_mUo Moham H$ê$Z Cô hmoVo.{Q>ìhrVyZ ZwgVr KaKa EoHy$ òV hmoVr. AmVm `mnyT>o {Q>ìhrVyZ hmM AmdmO òB©b. åhUyZ _r{Q>ìhr ~oX Ho$bm, gJio ngma Pmbo Am{U {Q>ìhr Xþê$ñVrbm Q>mH$yZ Amë`mda gw_ZZo {dMmab§,{H$Vr IM© òVmo` Xÿê$ñVrbm?

(_mYw) {Q>ìhr Ambm Ë`mM {H$_§Vrbm {dHy$Z Q>mH$bm. gw_ZÀ`m Mohè`mda ZmamOrnojm g_mYmZ{Xgb§. bJoM {VMo S>moio ^ê$Z Ambo Am{U {V åhUmbr Ambobo AZw^d H$mhr dmB©Q>Zmhr AmboehmUnU§M {eH$m`bm {_imb, nU Ë`mgmR>r qH$_V \$ma _moOmdr bmJbr. {Q>ìhr nU Jobm_mÂ`m ~m§JS>çm nU Joë`m, Ë`m amÌr _mYw Am{U gw_Z XmoKo {gZo_mbm Jobo. {gZo_mhÿZ naVòVm§Zm gwÕm gw_Z ZmamOM {Xgbr. _r åhUmbmo.

"gw_Z VwÂ`m ~m§JS>çm AOyZ em~yV AmhoV, Ë`m _r {dH$boë`m ZmhrV. EH$m {_ÌmÀ`mXþH$mZmVyZ Vmo {Q>ìhr _r \$ŠV AZw^dmgmR>r AmUbm hmoVm. Amåhr amÌr em§VnUo Pmonbmo Am{UgH$mir Amåhm XmoKm§Zm OmJ Ambr. Vr åhUOoM Amåhr VR>H$Z CR>bmo Am{U Xþgè`mM jUrAm_À`m S>moŠ`mV b»I àH$me nS>bm. Am_Mr {OadÊ`mgmR>r Am_À`m ZmH$mda {Q>ÀMyZeoOmaÀ`m H$mHw§$Zr {Q>ìhr KoVbm hmoVm Am{U AmVm Amåhr Vmo \w$H$Q>mV ~KV hmoVmo.

&& 27 &&

AmO _mhoambo OmU§ Pmbr Pmbr hmo nhmQ>Ambr Ambr S>moù`mnwT>§ _mÂ`m _mhoamMr dmQ>_mP§ _mhoa _mhoa gXm JmU§ VwÂ`m AmoR>r_J _mhoéZ Ambr gmgambo H$emgmR>rAmao bmJbo S>mohmio gm§Jo eoVmVbr _mQ>rJmVo _mhoamM§ JmU§ boH$ òUma ao nmoQ>rXoao Xoao `mo½`mÜ`mZ EoH$ H$m` _r gm§JVoboH$sÀ`m _mhoamgmR>r _m` gmgar Zm§XVo

- ~{hUm~mB© Mm¡Yar

boI

1. ñÌrMr AmË_H$Wm

- gw{MVm gmoi§Ho$, AH$amdr H$m°_.

""{H$grH$m {H$Zmam Tw>§T>Vr h¡,

Vw IwX {H$Zmam ~Z &

{H$gH$m ghmam Tw>§T>Vr h¡,

Vw IwX ghmam ~Z&''

ñÌr åhQ>b§ H$s Vr A~bm Xþ~©b `m {deofUmZo AmoiIbr OmVo. dmñV{dH$ Vr A~bm hr ZmhrH$maU Iè`m ê$nmZo {VZo {VMo ì`ŠVrËd XmIdë`mg IamoIaM Vr aUamJrUr hmoVo. AmnU AZw^db§Agob H$s nyduÀ`m H$mimV VrM§ ApñVËd ""Mwb Am{U _wb'' BVH$M _`m©{XV hmoV. AmOhr AmnU AmhoAmnU åhUVmo H$mi ~Xbbm H$moUr gm§{JVb H$s H$mi ~Ôbbm AmO hr pñÌ`m§Zm nydr© gmaIrM dmJUyH$[Xbr OmVo AmO hr {VM§ ApñVËd nydu EdT>§M _`m©XrV Amho na§Vw _bm gm§Jmdg dmQ>V OÝ_V: _wbJråhUyZ Amë`mda {VÀ`m ghZ{ebVoMo CXmËV JwU AmoVnmoV ^ê$Z òVmV Am{U VoìhmnmgyZM Vr g~bmAgVo. na§Vw EH$m R>am{dH$ eara `ï>r_wio Hw$R>o Var {Vbm ~§YZ òVmV Am{U Ë`mVyZM _J Vr A~bm dXþ~©b ~Zr.

"ñÌr hr q~Xz .........AmVm øm AmoiIrVwZ ñÌrMo dmñVd ê$n ê$nmV _m`m XoVo VgoM Vr dmËgë`_wVr© AmB© hmoVo. AZoH$ ^w{_H$m {Z^dVo. Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>oM H$m_ MwH$manUm {XgwZ òUma ^w{_H$m Vr nmanmS>Vo Am{U _wbmMm {dMma Ho$bm Va Vwåhr åhUVm _wbJm hm d§emMm {Xdm Amho Vmo {eH$bm nmhrOoHw$R>oVar Vwåhr {dgaVm Ë`m {Xì`mMr dmV hr _wbJr Amho _wbJr {eH$br Va Vr XmoZ KamMm XmoZ Hw$imMmCÜXma H$aVo Oa AmnU [Vbm {eH$db§ Va Vr OJ qOHo$b AmO AmnU AZoH$ _hmZ ZoË`m§Mr Zmdo KoVmonU `m§À`m _hmZ H$m`m©V ñÌr`m§Mm _mobmMm dmQ>m Amho. {dMma H$am OmoVr~m§Zm-gm{dÌrZo gmW {XbrZgVr? Va H$XmMrV AmOMm H$mi H$mhr doJim AgVm Am{U `mdê$Z Ag§ ñnï> hmoV H$s ""àËòH$èñdr nwê$fm_mJo ñÌrMm hmV AgVmo'' Ago AZw^d KoD$Z ñÌr AmO g_mOmMo ZoV¥Ëd H$aVo KamM-KanU {Q>H$dVo Hw$Qw>§~mV ghMm[aUr ~ZVo 'AmO Hw$Qw>§~ {Q>H$dUmar ñÌrM loï> AgVo. H$maU! Hw$Qy>§~{Q>H$bo Va g_mO {Q>Ho$b Am{U g_mO {Q>H$bm Va Xoe {Q>Ho$b d Xoe, g_mO {Q>H$bm Va g§ñH¥$Vr {Q>Ho$båhUyZ g_mOmMo ^bo hmoÊ`mgmR>r Vr dV©_mZ H$mimMo ^md R>odyZ _mV¥Ëd pñdH$mabo.

&& 28 &&

J^m©À`m H$monè`mVwZ

~mhoaM§ OJ qOH$Ê`mMr

ZmË`mbm EH$m

Ym½`mV Jw§\$dÊ`mMr

nU Vrbm H$m` R>mD$H$

`m qdH¥$VrMm g§ñH¥$VrV

bnbobr bm§S>½`mMr OmV

f§S>_mUwgH$sÀ`m {dH¥$Vrg

noQ>bobr dUì`mMr dmV

ñÌr-nwê$f `m§À`m _Üò ôX R>odyZ dmJVmo AmnU. _wbJr {eH$br H$s {~KS>Vo hr ^mdZm~miJVmo Vrbm nwT>o OmÊ`mnmgwZ amoIVmo Adí` VoWo, _moH$irH$ Zmhr. WmoS>m {dMma H$am Pm±er Mr amUr,H$ënUm Mmdbm, gw{ZVm {dë`åg, {H$aU ~oXr B. _hmZ H$V©~Jma _{hbm§Mo Zmdo KoVmo Va `m§À`mKaÀ`m§Zr `m§Zm {eH$dbo ZgVo Va `m Amnë`m g_moa Amë`m ZgË`m, AmO Vwåhr Vw_À`m _wbrbm{eH$db Va Vr Ë`m§À`mVbr EH$ Agob {Vbm A{YH$ma Úm "_moH$mQ>nUm' Zmhr. Vwåhr Zmhr Ë`m Jmoï>rË`m§Zm XoVm Am{U _wbJr hmVm ~mhoa Jobr H$s _J AmoaS>Vm `m Aem dmJÊ`m_wio Amåhm gä` _wbtMdmJZ§ dmdaZ H${RZ hmoV Amho. Ë`m§Zm Zmhr Ë`m Jmoï>rMr gwQ>XoVm Am{U `m _wio _moR>çm KQ>Zm KS>VmV,Ë`m Zmhr Ë`m {XeoZo dmhV AmhoV Ë`m§Zm doirM Adam`bm hd§ H$mhr dmB©Q> KSy> Zò Am{U _r EdT>Mgm§JVo AmOMr ñWrVr ~KwZ Vo _mP§ H$V©ì` _mÂ`m Am{U Vw_À`m {hVmMo H$mi nmbQ>Umao _mÂ`m ^mdZm,{dMma Xe©{dUmao.

""Hw$R>da, Hw$UmgmR>r, H$emgmR>r,

Am{U H$m åhUyZ OJm`M

EH$M R>adb` ñÌrM ApñVËd

{Z_m©U H$am`M''

&& 29 &&

2. ñÌr eŠVrMm {dO`

- _mo{hZr ~iram_ gm_mbo, ~r. Eñgr. {ÛVr` df©

^maV hm {d{dYVoZo ZQ>bobm Xoe Amho Ago AmnU åhUVmo Am{U Vo `WmW© Amho. ò{Wbg§ñH¥$Vr, na§nam, B{Vhmg, hdm_mZ, ì`dgm`, ^waMZm, ahmUr_mZmV {d{dYVm AmT>iVo. Ë`mMà_mUoò{Wb ñÌreŠVrVhr àM§S> {damoYm^mg Amnë`mbm nmhm`bm {_iVmo. EH$sH$S>o hr ñÌr AmH$membmnm§Kê$U KmbVo Va XþgarH$S>o OrdZmVrb N>moQ>çm _moR>çm g_ñ`m§Zm H§$Q>miyZ _¥Ë`ybm H$dQ>miVo.^maVmÀ`m B{VhmgmV S>moH$mdbo Va Amnë`mbm bjmV òB©b H$s ^maVmV AZoH$ g_W© ñÌr ZoV¥Ëd hmodyZJobr. Á`m§Zr Amnë`m H$V¥ËdmZo ñÌreŠVr {gÜX H$ê$Z XmIdbr. Ë`m_wio Ë`mMr Zmdo ^maVr`B{VhmgmV gwdU©Ajam§Zr H$moabr Jobr. Ë`mn¡H$sM H$mhr nwT rbà_mUo ^maVmVrb n{hbr _{hbmamÁ`H$Vm© a{P`m gwbVmZ, amO_mVm OrOmD$, A{hë`m~mB© hmoiH$a, amUr bú_r~mB©, B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§ZramOH$s` ZoV¥Ëd JmOdbr. Ë`mM à_mUo gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$, gm§ñH¥$VrH$ Am{U H«$sS>m joÌ `mVhr ~arMI§~ra ñÌrZoÌËd KoD$Z Jobr. nU Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVrb ñÌr ZoV¥ÎdmMr gwê$dmV hr Iyn AbrH$S À`mH$mimVrb Am{U Vr gwê$dmV nÙ{d^yfU "gw_Vr _moamaOr' `m§Zr Ho$br. Ë`m "qgXr`m ñQ>r_ A°ÊS>ZoìhrJoeZ' H§$nZrÀ`m g§MmbH$ hmoË`m. hr Jmoï>1932 gmbmVbr, g§MmbH$nXr Zo_UyH$ Pmboë`m Ë`mn{hë`m ^maVr` _{hbm Agmì`mV. 1971 gmbr nÙ{d^yfU hm nwañH$ma XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm Jm¡a{dÊ`mVAmbo. ZìdXÀ`m XeH$mnmgyZ d[að> nXm§da ñÌr`m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmZo AmKmS>r ¿`m`bm gwê$dmV Ho$br.Ë`mZ§Va AZoH$ ñÌr`m `m _moR>_moR>çm H§$nÝ`m Am{U ~±H$m§Mo MohaoM ~Zë`m. Ë`mV n{hë`m åhUOoVO©Zr dH$sb-EŠPr_ ~±Ho$À`m _mPr AÜ`jm. Ë`mZ§Va amï´>r`H¥ V ~±Ho$À`m _mOr AÜ`jm Am{UAmOKS>rbm XoemVrb gdm©V ~bmT>ç ~±Ho$À`m AÜ`jnXr {damO_mZ Agboë`m Aê§$YVr ^Å>mMm`©. `mgm{dÌrÀ`m boH$s Ë`m§Mr O~m~Xmar {bb`m nma nmS>V AmhoV.

ImOJr joÌmÀ`m {dMma Ho$bm Va ~arM gÜV_ Aer ñÌrZoV¥Ëd Amnë`mbm {XgVrb. Ogo H$s"b°Š_o '`m gm¡X`© àgmYZo CËnÝZ H$aUmè`m OJà{gÕ H§$nZrÀ`m g§MmbH$ {g_m°Z Q>mQ>m, Ë`mZ§VaH°$S>~ar, H$moH$mH$mobm, {~«Q>m{Z`m BË`mXr Zm_d§V H§$nÝ`mMo g§MmbH$nX gm§^miUmè`m Am{U `mH§$nÝ`m§À`m àJVrV ârd Ago `moJXmZ AgZmè`m {dZrVm ~mbr. Aer AZoH$ CXmhaUo AmhoV Á`m§_yioAmnë`mbm ñÌreŠVrMm {dO` hmoVmZm {Xgob. `m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ EH$ _hËËdmMr Am{U AmZ§XmMr Jmoï>åhUOo AmO go~r Zo (^m§S>dbr ~mOma {Z`m_H$ _§S>imZo) _hËËdmÀ`m H§$nÝ`mda ñÌrg§MmbH$ AgZogŠVrMo Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m_wio hm ñÌrgj_VoMm _hËËdmMm nm`m R>aUma Amho. AZwHy$b n[añWVrV dM©ñdJmO{dÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iUmè`m Am{U Vr gmW© H$aUmè`m ñÌr`m§Mm hm AmT>mdm.

nU g_mOmV Aemhr ñÌr`m AmhoV Á`m§Zr à{VHw$b n[apñWVrMm gm_Zm H$aV hma Z _mZVm\$ŠV A{daV H$ï>Am{U YmS>gmÀ`m Omoamda Amnbo H$V©¥Ëd {gÕ Ho$bo. `mgmaIoM EH$ ÁdbV CXmhaUåhUOo qgYyVmB© gnH$mi. ~mbnUrM b½Z Pmbo da ì`gZr ghMmar d Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z hmoUmam _mU{gH$

&& 30 &&

d em[aarH$ N>i, nU H$miOmVbr Y_H$ Am{U {ejUmMr AmdS>Jßn ~gy XoV ZìhVr. \$ŠV qh_VrÀ`mOmoamda Ë`m§Zr `m ZaH$`mVZoVyZ ñdV:Mr gmoS>dUyH$ H$ê$Z KoVbr Am{U IMyZ Z OmVm ñdV:À`mnm`mda Cô amhÿZ XmIdbo. AmOKS>rbm Ë`m§À`m AZoH$ g§ñWm _wbtÀ`m CËH$fmªgmR>r H$m`© H$aVmV.AemM àH$maM EH$ Ádb§V CXmhaU åhUOo "H$_mZr Q>çwãO' À`m AÜ`jm H$ënZm gamoO `m§MhrAm`wî` H$mhr M_ËH$mamnojm H$_r Zmhr nU Varhr gË` Amho. d¡`pŠVH$ Am`wî`mV Iwn Kwg_Q>ghZH$ê$Z Ë`mVyZ Pmboë`m _mZ{gH$ IÀMrH$aUmè`m Jmoï>rMm WmoS>mhr n[aUm_ Ë`m§Zr ^{dî`mda hmody{Xbm Zmhr. Vmo \$ŠV ñd{ZU©` qh_V Am{U A{daV H$ï>mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ S>~YmB©bm Amboë`m H$_mZrQ>çwãO `m H§$nZrbm nwÝhm nwd©pñWVrV AmUbo Am{U g_mOmV AS>boë`m ñÌr`m§gmR>r EH$ Zdm AmXe©Ë`m§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$bm. `mVyZ ñÌr`m§Zr YS>m ¿`m`bm hdm Am{U enW ¿`mdr H$s H$moUË`mhr AË`mMmamg~ir Z nS>Vm ñd{ZU©`, H$ï>Am{U Y¡`© `m ÌrgyÌrMm dmna H$ê$Z _. \w$bo Am{U gm{dÌ~mB© \w$bo `m§À`mH$ï>mMr naV\o$S> H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm Am{U XoemÀ`m àJ{Vg hmV^ma bmdmdm Am{U XoemÀ`màJVrg hmV^ma bmdmdm. Am{U gVaoeodQ>r MH$ Xo B§{S>̀ m !

(g§X^©: "bmoH$gËVm' d¥ÎmnÌ)

&& 31 &&

nmoQ>r ~miJyZ OÝ_ Ë`mg {XbmnmOrbm nmoerbm _mD$brZogd©^yVr Úm _mVm gododrUåhUoZm g‚mZ H$moUr Ë`mg^ŠVrgmR>r X§^ gÝ`mer ~ZVrgmoS>rVr g§VVr OJm_mOrAm`© nmI§S>mZo _mVo H$ï> XoVrAYmoJVr OmVr OmoVr åhUo

- _. \w$bo (AI§S>)

3. ñÌr-nwê$f g_mZVm

- Am`{Zbo A_mob ì`§H$Q>amd, ~r.H$m°_. V¥Vr` df©

_wbJr åhUOo H$m`?

_wbJm åhUOo H$m` ?

nU _wbJr åhUOo ZŠH$s H$m`?

- H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, {OMo Ho$g bm§~ AgVmV Vr _wbJr/ñÌr. nU amo{hV Mo Ho$g bm§~ AmhoV Vmo Va_wbJm Amho.H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, Or Xm{JZo KmbVo Vr _wbJr/ñÌr. nU g§{Xn (g±S>r) hm Jù`mVgmoÝ`mMr _mi KmbVmo. Am{U H$mZmV Sy>b (~mbr) KmbVmo. Vmo Va _wbJm /nwê$f Amho.

_J _wbJm åhUOo H$m` ?

-H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, Omo VmH$XdmZ Amho Am{U OS>AmoP§ CMby eH$Vmo Vmo _wbJm /nwê$f.

{ZH$sVm Am{U amYm `m XmoÝhr ~m§YH$m_mV Q>monbr CMbVmV Am{U D$gVmoS>rV _moù`m CMbVmV nU Ë`mVa _wbJr/ñÌr`m AmhoV.

- H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, Omo PmS>mda MT>y eH$Vmo C§M {R>H$mUr OmD$ eH$Vmo Vmo nwê$f/_wbJm nU g§Vmofr`mXd {hZo Va _mC§Q>EìhaoñQ>{eIa nma Ho$bo Vr Va _{hbm Amho.

nU _wbJr ñÌr åhUOo H$m` ?

- H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, Or ñd`§nmH$ H$aVo KaH$m` H$aVo Vr _wbJr/ñÌr. nU am_m hm Mm§Jbm AmMmarAmho. d KaH$m_mV AmB©bm _XV H$aVmo. Vmo Va _wbJm/nwê$f Amho.

-H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, Á`m ZmOwH$ d __Vmiw ào_i AgVmV Ë`m _wbr/pñÌ`m.

nU àem§V hm Ë`m§À`m AmOrMr, ~{hUrMr Iwn _m`m Am{U Ë`mMr H$miOr KoVmo. Vmo Va _wbJm Amho.

_J _wbJm åhUOo H$m`?

-H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, {H$ Oo eoVmV H$m_ H$aVmV Vo _wb/nwê$f AgVmV.

dfm© d {VMr AmB© {Xdgâ eoV{H$` gd© H$m_o H$aVmV. Ë`m Va pñÌ`m AmhoV.

-H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, H$s Oo ~mhoaMr H$m_o qH$dm H$m`m©b`rZ H$m_o Mm§Jë`m àH$mao H$ê$ eH$VmV Vonwê$f/_wb§.

nU H$mo_b hr {Oëô`mMr H$boŠQ>a Agë`mZo Vr g§nyU© {Oëô`mMr gwì`dñWm nmhVo.

&& 32 &&

-H$mhr bmoH$ åhUVmV, H$r Oo ñdV: d KamMo ajU H$ê$ eH$VmV Vo nwê$f.

nU {Z`Vr R>mH$a hr naÛr {OëømMr Eg. nr. ({Oëhm nmo{bg A{YjH$) Amho. Vr g§nwU© {OëømMoajU H$aVo Vr Va _wbJr Amho.

Va _J,

_wbJm åhUOo H$m`?

_wbJr åhUOo H$m`?

eara aMZobm Z¡g{J©H$ qbJ aMZm åhUVmV. Amnë`mbm eara aMZo_wio _wbmMo [b§J nwpëb¨Jd _wbrMo ñÌrbtJ hmoVo. hm O¡{dH$ \$aH$ {ZgJm©ZoM KS>dbobm Amho. Am{U hm \$aH$ àËòH$ g_mOmV,XoemV, gd©Ì EH$ gmaIm AgVmo. em[aarH$ÑîQ>çm OJmVrb gd©M _wbr/ñÌr d gd©M _wbo/nwê$f gmaIoAgVmV. em[aarH$ \$aH$m{edm` _wbm_Üò Am{U _wbr_Üò åhUOo ñÌr Am{U nwê$fm§åmÜò Oo \$aH$ Ho$boOmVmV åhUOo Ë`mMo H$nS>o, dmJUwH$, {ejU Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o nmhÊ`mMm gm_mOmMm Ñï>rH$moZ ho Z¡g[J©H$ZgwZ gm_m{OH$ d gm§ñH¥$VrH$ ñdê$nmMo AgVmV Am{U åhUwZ Va ho gm_m{OH$ dm gm§ñH¥$VrH$ ôX^mdàËòH$ Hw$Qy>§~mV XoemV Am{U g_mOmV EH$gmaIo ZgVmV. gm_m{OH$ qbJôX {ZgJm©Zo Ho$bobo ZmhrV.{ZgJ© \$ŠV _wbJr Am{U _wbJm H$aVmo _mÌ g_mO Ë`mÀ`mVrb `m doJionUmbm qbJôXmV ~XbVmo.g_mO åhUZo Var H$moU? Vwåhr, Amåhr AmnU gJioM.

hm gm_m{OH$ Ñï>rH$moZ Amnë`m _ZmVyZ H$mTyZ Q>mH$bm nm{hOo. XmoKm§Zmhr ~amo~arZ\w$bÊ`mMm d \$iÊ`mMr {eH$Ê`mMr, gdaÊ`mMr Am{U OJÊ`mMr g§Yr {Xbr Omdr. g_mOmVrbA{YH$m{YH$ bmoH$mMo Va ñdßZ Agob Am{U AZoH$ bmoH$ ñdßZ gmH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r R>mog nmdboCMbmMbm V`ma AgVrb Va hm ~Xb KS>ob.

EH$m N>moQ>çmem \w$b nmIamÀ`m n§I \$S>\$S>{dÊ`m_wio gwÕm Xþan`ªVÀ`m n[agamda n[aUm_KSy>Z òVmo.

&& 33 &&

boH$sMm Ob_ boH$sbm H$iVmoAmV AmV H$gm AmV_m OiVmoboH$sMm Ob_ \w$Q>Umar bmhrImUmam åhUVmo ^mObrM Zmhr

- bmoH$JrV

4. ñÌr`m§Zm H$Yr ñdmV§Í` {_iUma?

- g§Ü`m am_amd agmi, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

ñÌr OÝ_Vm: AgVo {Vbm _wbJr ~Zdb OmV. ñÌrbm _Zwî` åhUyZ OJHuman Being

H$m ñdrH$maV Zmhr. nmdbmonmdbr {VÀ`mda ñÌrnUmMo g§ñH$ma Ho$bo OmVmV. Vrbm ñÌr åhUyZ KS>db§OmV§. EH$m _wbmbm g_mO Ogm ñdrH$maVmo Vgm pñÌbm H$m Zmhr ñdrH$maV Zmhr? Vw _wbJr Amhog ho{VÀ`m _Zmda gVV q~~db§ OmV. _J Ë`mVyZM {VMr KS>U hmoVo.

nwê$f àYmZ g_mO ñÌr`m§À`m _Zmda nwÝhm nwÝhm q~~dVmo H$s ñÌr nwê$fm§À`m VwbZoV Xþ~irAgVo åhUyZ VrZ§ _moR>çm H$ï>mMr H$m_o Z H$aVm KamVM Myb-_wb gm§^mimd. Kam~mhoa {ZKy Zò.añË`mdê$Z MmbVmZm ZmH$mnyT>§ ~KyZ Mmbmd§. n¡go H$_mdÊ`mM H$m_ KamVë`m nwê$fmM§ AgV. VrZ\$ŠV Ë`mM EoH$md§, Ë`mÀ`mM AmkoM nmbZ H$amd§. ñdV:Mm _§oXÿ JhmU R>odmdm. Aer ~wagQ>bobr_mZgrH$Vm g_mOmMr Amho. ñÌr`m§H$S>o nmhÊ`mMr hr eVH$mZweVH$m§Mr _mZ{gH$Vm Amho.

AmO 21 d eVH$ gwê$ Amho. _mZd M§Ðmda OmD$Z Ambm . nU pñÌ`m§Mr pñWVr {VM Amho. {VMmgm_mOrH$ XOm© VmoM Amho. {VÀ`mH$S>o nmhÊ`mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ VmoM Amho. Vr ~Xbm`bm V`ma Amho nUg_mOmbm {VÀ`mVbm ~Xb ghZ hmoUma Zmhr. {eH$boë`m H$mhr pñÌ`m AmO AmnU H$m` H$ê$ eH$VmoV`mMm AmXe© g_mOmnyT>o R>odV AgVmZm XÿgarH$S>o A{ejrV pñÌ`m§Mr AdñWm X`Zr` Amho. nwê$f _mÌ{eH$bobm Agmo dam A{e{jV Vmo Zoh_rM Amam_mV AgVmo.

\$ŠV nwê$fm§MrM Zmhr Va ñÌr`m§Mr gwÕm ñÌrH$S>§ EH$ _mZwgH$sÀ`m ZmË`mZ§ nmhÊ`mMr_mZ{gH$Vm ZgVo. AZoH$ ~mVå`m§VyZ gwZobm Ìmg XoÊ`mÀ`m Ominmoi Ho$ë`mÀ`m KQ>Zm amoOM òVmV.gmgygwÕm H$Yr gyZ hmoVr ho Vr gwZobm Ìmg XoVmZm H$m {dgaVo? pñÌ`m§Mm EodT>m {VañH$ma Ho$bm OmVmoH$s, Ë`m§Zm OÝ_M ZmH$mabm OmVmo. ñÌr_Üò Ag H$m` dmB©Q>Amho H$s Á`mÀ`m_wio {VMm OÝ_M ZH$mogmhmoVmo? nU VrM Va OZZr, OÝ_XmÌr Amho. {VÀ`mVyZM g¥{ï>Mr {Z_uVr hmoVo. {VMmM OÝ_ ZmH$mabmVa g¥ï>r nwT>o H$er OmUma?

\$ŠV hþ§S>m Úmdm bmJVmo åhUyZ _wbJr ZH$moer hmoVo. Ë`mM _wbrbm {ejU {Xë`mg Vr ZmoH$arH$ê$Z n¡go H$_mdy eH$Vo. gd© KamMm gm§^mi H$ê$ eH$Vo. Vrbm ñdmV§Í` {Xë`mg {VMm gdm©{YH$ {dH$mghmoD$Z Vr g_mOmMm CÕma H$ê$ eH$Vo. nU ho ñdmV§Í` ZmH$mab§ OmV§. àËòH$ {R>H$mUr Ë`mMr AS>dUyH$Ho$br OmVo, àËòH$M H$m_mV _wbrMr _wbmer VwbZm Ho$br ZwgVr VwbZm Ho$br OmV Zmhr Va Vo H$m_H$aÊ`mnmgyZ {Vbm namd¥ËV Ho$bo OmV§.

àËòH$M Jmo{ï>V pñÌ`m§À`m dmQ>çmbm Xþ:I AgV§. Zdam _oë`mda gVr OmUmar ñÌrM AgVo.B{VhmgmV Zdam gVr Joë`mM EH$hr CXmhaU gmnS>Uma Zmhr. Zdam _oë`mda Am`wî`â {dYdm åhUyZOJUmar pñÌM AgVo. Zdam _mÌ ~m`H$mo _oë`mda {H$Vrhr b½Z H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Mma [^§VrÀ`m AmV

&& 34 &&

pñÌ`mM amhVmV. nwê$f Hw$Í`mgmaIo Jm§dâ qhSy>eH$VmV. àËòH$ Jmo{ï>V pñÌ`mM§ ñdmV§Í` {hamdbOmV§. nwê$fm§Zm _mÌ AS>dUma§ H$moUrhr ZgV§. KaJwVr qhgmMma, ~bmËH$ma, namdb§~Ëd ñÌrÀ`mMdmQ>çmbm AgV§. EdT>o AÝ`m` hmoD$Zhr AmO ñÌrZo {\$ZrŠg njmà_mUo amIoVyZ âmar. _mabr Amho.pñÌ`m§Zm gwê$dmVrnmgyZM ñdmV§Í` AgV§ Va Ë`m§Zr Or àJVr Ho$br. AgVr Ë`mMr H$ënZmhr OJ H$ê$eH$V Zmhr. ^maVr` g_mOmV bú_r, nmd©Vr, J§Jm, gañdVr, A§~rH$m B. XodtZm gd© nwOZr` _mZVmV.Ë`m Xodr g_moa _mWm Q>oH$dVmV Am{U KaÀ`m ~mB©bm bmWm _maVmV. {H$Vr hm {damoYm^mg?

IoS>çmVrb _wbtZm 10dr, 12dr Z§Va {ejU {Xb§ OmV Zmhr. Vr {eH$br Var gmgaMo Hw$R>§ZmoH$ar H$ê$ XoUma AmhoV. Kar amhÿZ H$m_ {eH$b§. VodS>T>çmM VrÀ`m gmgar Am_À`m ZmdmMm CÕma VarhmoUma Zmhr. hrÀ`m {ejUmbmhr n¡gm Kmbm dê$Z hþ§S>mnU Úm. Ag§ KaMo d{S>b Ymao ~mobVmV. nU ømKaÀ`mZm§ H$g§ H$iV Zmhr H$s hþ§S>m XodyZ hr Vw_Mr _wbJr Jwbm_mM§ {OdZ OJUma Amho . AmO Vwåhr{VÀ`m ~m~VMo {ZU©` KoVm CÚm {VÀ`m gmgaMo {Vbm {VÀ`m OrdUmMm {ZU©` H$Yr KoD$ XoUma? Vwåhr{Vbm {eH$dm Va AmYr VrZo ZmoH$ar H$amo Z H$amo. nU {Vbm Ë`m_wio ñdV:M§ ^b§-H$a§ Va H$iob.{VÀ`mda AÝ`m` hmoV Agë`mMm {Vbm H$_rVH$_r ñdV:gmR>r AmdmO Va H$mT>Vm òB©b. AmO OJ~XbV`. {Vbmhr ~Xby Úm. {Vbmhr ñdV:Mo {ZU©` ñdV: KoD$ Úm. _J ~Km H$g§Vr ñdV: ~amo~a KahrnwT>§ ZoVo.

{ZgJ©Vm: ñÌr _Üò àM§S>gm_Ï`© AgV§. åhUyZM {ZgJm©Zo ñÌrbm Zd{Z{_©VrMr j_Vm {XbrAmho. ñÌrbm eŠVrÀ`m ñdê$nmV AmoiIb§ OmV§. àmMrZ H$mimV ñÌrM§ eŠVrÀ`m ê$nmZ§ nwOZ Ho$b§Om`M§. doX H$mimV ñÌr`m§Zm gd© A{YH$ma hmoVo. ñÌr`m {ejUhr KoV. KamVrb {ZU©` àËòH$hrgh^mJr hmoV hmoË`m. AZoH$ àm{MZ g§ñH¥$Vr_Üò _mV¥gËVmH$ nÜXVr ApñVËdmV hmoVr. AmOhr _w»`g_mOàdmhmnmgyZ Xÿa am{hboë`m H$mhr Am{Xdmgr O_mVrV _mV¥gËVmH$ nÜXVr Amho. nU _Zñ_¥Vrgma»`m J«§Wm§À`m {Z_uVrnmgyZ pñÌ d X{bV `m§Zm VwÀN>VoMr dmJUyH$ XoÊ`mg gwê$dmV Pmbr.

AmO 21 ì`m eVH$mVrb ñÌr ZmoH$ar gm§^miyZ Kahr gm§^miVo. pñÌ`m§Zr nwÝhm ñdV:bm C^mar{Xbr Amho. _Ü``wJrZ H$mimVrb _mZ{gH$Vm AmVm gdm©{ZM ~Xbm`bm hdr. AmVm pñÌ`m§Zm ZwgVrM~mobÊ`mVyZ Zmhr dmJUyH$sVyZhr g_mZVm X²`m`bm hdr.

&&35 &&

O¡gr _wbm§Mr g§K{Q>V goZm & V¡gr {ó`m§Mr Agmdr g§KQ>Zm &&Amnwbm gwIXþ…ImÀ`m ^mdZm & àH$Q>dmì`m g^m gå_obZr &&

- VwH$S>moOr _hmamO

5. ñÌr gÝ_mZmMr JaO

- n§Mm§Jo gw{_V ^mD$amd, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

H$moUË`mhr XoemÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmH$[aVm ñÌr d nwê$f `m§Zm g_mZ ñWmZ {Xbo OmUoA{Zdm`© Amho. ñÌr d nwê$f hr g§gma aWmMr XmoZ MmHo$ AmhoV Ago g_Obo OmVo _J `m XmoÝhr KQ>H$m§Zmg_mOmV gmaIoM ñWmZ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ^maVr` g_mOì`dñWoV ñÌr`m§Zm Xþæ`_ ñWmZ {Xë`mJoë`mZoM g_mOmMm gdmª{JU {dH$mg hmoD$ eH$bm Zmhr Ago åhQ>bo Var dmdJo R>aUma Zmhr.

d¡XrH$ H$mimV g_mOmV pñÌ`m§Zm Xþæ`_ ñWmZ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m hŠH$mnmgyZ d§{MV R>odboË`m_wio Ë`mMm gdmª{JU {dH$mg hmoD$ eH$bm Zmhr. VmËH$mbrZ n[apñWVrV nwê$fm§Mo dM©ñdAgë`m_wio pñÌ`m§Zm g_mOmV _mZmMo ñWmZ {_imbo Zmhr. pñÌ`m§Zm Myb d _yb ho XmoZ H$m_ H$ê$ZË`m§Zm XmoZ q^Vr_Üò ~§{XñV Ho$bobo hmoVo. Ë`mÀ`mV Agbobr Hw$ebVm AmË_{dídmg Aem Jmoï>tZmnwê$f àYmZ ì`dñWoZo {dam_ {Xbm hmoVm. pñÌ`mH$S>o Ho$db Xþ~©b KQ>H$ d ^moJdñVy åhUyZ nmhÊ`mMmÑï>rH$moU hmoVm. `m gd© Jmoï>rbm nwê$f dM©ñdmMr na§nam H$maUr^yV hmoVr.

EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CËVmamYm©V ñÌr CÝZVrMo {dMma àdmh nwT>o Ambo ñÌr`mMm {dH$mg{ejUm{edm` nyU© hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr `mMr OmUrd Pmbr Am{U _. \w$bo `m§Zr 1848 bm nwÊ`m_Üò_wbtgmR>r n{hbr emim gwê$ Ho$br. \w$bo XmånË`m§Zr ñÌr {ejUmgmR>r OrdmMo amU Ho$bo. nwT>o _hfu H$d©o,amZS>o B. g_mOgwYmaH$m§Zr ñÌr`m§Zm na§namJV OIS>boë`m ~§YZmVyZ _wŠV H$aÊ`mMm Ü`mg Yabm d{ejUmMo XmbZ gwê$ Ho$bo d `mVyZ g_mOn[adV©Z Pmbo. ho hr Iao Agbo Var AmO g_mOmV ñÌr`m§ZmgÝ_mZmZo OJy {Xbo OmVo H$m?

^maVmbm AmO ñdmV§Í` hmoD$Z 68 df© nwU© Pmbo AmhoV V[ahr XoIrb g_mOmV ñÌr-nwê$f{df_Vm, gVràWm, ~mb{ddmh d ~hþnËZr d `mgma»`m {dKmVH$ àWm AmhoV. Ago åhQ>bo Var H$m`dmB©Q>R>aUma Zmhr.

ñÌr-nwê$f {df_Vo_Üò AJXr bhmZ _wbJr OÝ_mbm Amë`mda Kam_Üò ZmamOrMo dmVmdaUAgVo. {df_ àg§Jr àgwVr _{hbm§da Hw$Qy>§{~`mH$Sy>Z AÝ`m` AË`mMma hmoVmo. na§Vw dmñV{dH$V: Ë`m_{hboH$S>o g§nyU© Xmof ZgVmo. {deof åhUOo Amem Jmoqï>Zm gwa{jV dJ© Xo{Ib AndmX Zmhr. Aemn[apñWVrV ñÌr`m§Zm _mZmMo ñWmZ {Xbo OmV Zmhr. _mUyg åhUyZ {H$ËòH$ {R>H$mUr ñÌrMr XIbKoVbr OmV Zmhr Hw$R>o à{Vð>m OnÊ`mMm A{VaoH$ Va Hw$R>o ê$R>r na§nao_wio hmoUmar _mZ{gH$ H$moS>r `mVMOrdZ ñÌrMo \$a\$Q>OmVo.

AmO XoIrb ^maVr` g_mOì`dñWoV _wbtÀ`m {ejUmMm {dMma Z H$aVm ZìdrV qH$dmXhmdrV AgVmZm {VÀ`m b½ZmMm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo. åhUOo _wbrV `m d`mV {Z_m©U hmoV Agbobr{ZU©`j_Vm, AmË_{dœmg, H$bmJyU, Üò` gmH$maÊ`mMr eŠVr `m gdmªZm {dam_ ~gVmo. ñÌr hr ^mdr

&& 36 &&

{nT>r KS>dUmar AgVo. na§Vy {VÀ`m Aem H$bmJwUm§da {dam_ ~gë`mg Vr g_mOmÀ`m qH$dm ñdV:À`m_wbm-~mim§Mm H$m` {dH$mg H$ê$ eHo$b?

AmO hr amOñWmZ gma»`m amÁ`mV ñÌr gVr OmVo, J«m_rU ^mJmV ~mb{ddmh Ho$bo OmVmV,~hþnËZrËd Va ^maVmMr _moR>r g_ñ`m Amho. 2011 À`m OZJZUoZwgma _hmamï´>mV 1000 nwê$fm§_mJo925 ñÌr`m AmhoV. `mV gVVÀ`m hmoUmè`m ñÌr ^w«UhË`m `m_wio JwUmoËVa H$_r-H$_r hmoV Mmbbo Amho.

`m_wio Hw$Q>§y~ì`dñWm H$mob_S>Ê`mMm YmH$m g§^dVmo Amho, {deof åhUOo ~hþnËZrËdH$aÊ`m_mJo gw{e{jV dJ© AJ«oga Amho Ago Agë`mg `m§Zm gw{e{jV åhUVm òB©b H$m? d Aem{dKmVH$ àWobm H$moU O~m~Xma AgUma?

ñÌr-nwê$f {df_Vm Zï>H$aÊ`mgmR>r g_mZVoMo VÎd à^mdrnUo am~dmdo bmJVrb. pñÌ`m§Zm{ejU XoD$Z Vr gÝ_mZmZo OJy d Vr amï´>mÀ`m àJVr_Üò AY©eŠVr ñÌr R>ê$U ^maVr` g§{dYmZmVrb{Vbm àmßV Pmbobo hŠH$, A{YH$ma `m_wio Vr ^maVmVrb gdm©oÀM ñWmZ {_idy eH$br. ^maVr`g§{dYmZmV Agbobo H$m`Xo CXm. ñÌr ^«yUhË`m H$m`ÚmMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ñÌrAË`mMmam{damoYmV g_mOmV gd©M KQ>H$mV gH$mamË_H$$ n[adV©ZmMr JaO Amho VaM ^{dî`mV ñÌr-nwê$f g_mZVoMo {MÌ gmH$ma hmoD$ eHo$b.

&& 37 &&

boH$sMm Ob_ Ogm Jm§OamMm dm\$mòS>çm Vwåhr _m`~mnm OÝ_m KmbyZ H$m` Z\$mboH$sMm Ob_ H$moÊ`m KmVbm òS>çmZ§nam`mÀ`m Kar ~¡b am~Vmo ^mS>çmZ§boH$sMm Ob_ ZH$mo Kmby ZmamÙmnaŠ`mMr Vm~oXmar ~mB©Mm Oë_CZm

- bmoH$JrV

6. _Zwñ_¥Vr, ñÌr Am{U qhXÿ H$moS>{~b- I§Xmao àH$me {Ja_mOr,$ ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

Amnë`m emofUmMr OmUrd KoD$Z Ë`m{dê$X²Y Cô amhÊ`mMm à`ËZ Vgm Zdm Zmhr. Vmo àËòH$H$mimV doJdoJù`m nÕVrZo hmoVM Ambm Amho, emofU {dê$ÕMm àdmg gai_mJm©Mm ZgVmo. VgmMj{UH$hr ZgVmo. Vmo `mVZm Xþ:I namO` `mMm Ogm AgVmo. VgmM Vmo Amnbo ñdËd JdgÊ`mMmA{^_mZmMm Apñ_VoMm Am{U Á`mì`dñWoZo Jwbm_ Ho$bo. Ë`m ì`dñWobm {VÀ`m gËVmYmar {d^mJm§ZmR>mogo bJmdUmamhr AgVmo.

\$ma nydr© àmMrZ H$mir "_Zw' ZmdmÀ`m EH$m F$frZo {ddmh, dmagm, {dYdmnwZ©{ddmh, ñÌr`m§MoAmXe©, gh^moOZ, ñÌr`m§Mo g_mOm§Vrb ñWmZ MVwdU©ì`dñWm BË`mXr~Ôb "_Zwñ_¥Vr' ZmdmÀ`mH$m`XoemñÌmdarb J«§WmV H$m`Xo {bhÿZ R>odbo. S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS H$a åhUVmV. _Zwñ_¥VrVrb hogd© H$m`Xo ñÌr. ewÐm§Zm newboIUmao AmhoV. H$maU _Zwñ_¥VrMm A§_båhUOo ñÌr`m Am{U ewÐm§À`memofUmbm H$m`Xoera _mÝ`mVmM hmo`.

_Zwñ_¥Vr_Üò {ddmhmg§~§Yr H$mhr {Z`_ gm§{JVbo AmhoV. _Zw åhUVmo H$s ñÌr nwê$fmMo {ddmhho OmVrVë`m OmVrVM KoUo JaOoMo Amho. VgoM _Zw {dYdm ñÌr`m§Zm nwZ©{ddmh H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma XoVZmhr. nU nwê$fmZm _mÌ npËZ {ZYZmZ§Va nwZ©{ddmhmg nadmZJr {Xbr Amho. nVr {ZYZmZ§Va ñÌrbm(nËZrbm) EH$Va gVr Omdo bmJV Ago qH$dm {VMo Ho$ednZ H$ê$ {Vbm {dXþ«n Ho$ë`m OmV Ago EdT>oMZgwZ Vrbm Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maÀ`m b½Zg_ma§^mV qH$dm BVa H$moUË`mhr gm¡^m½`H$maH$ H$m`©H«$_mg~§Xr Ago OrMm Zdam _obm Vr A^mJr H$a§Q>̀ m H$nmimMr {VMo Vm|S> nmhþ Zò AneHw$Z hmoVmo. AemàH$maMm {VañH$ma Ë`m {dYdma ñÌrbm g_mOmV ^moJmdm bmJV Ago. `m~m~V Vmam~mB© qeXo `m _hmË_m\w$bm§À`m {eî`m Ë`§mZr Amnë`m ñÌr-nwê$f VwbZm `m boImV Ë`m§Zr VËH$mbrZ ñÌrOrdZmda Aà{V_boIZ Ho$bo Amho.

ñÌr`m§À`m ñdmV§Í`m{df`r _Zwñ_¥Vr_Üò {Xbo Amho {H$, {VÀ`m {nË`mZo {VMo ~mbnUmV ajUH$amdo. n{VZo Vmê$Ê`mV ajU H$amdo Am{U _wbmZo d¥ÜXmnH$mimV ajU H$amdo, _ZwÀ`m _VmZwgma ñÌrñdmV§Í` XoÊ`mg AnmÌ Amho. _Zwñ_¥VrZo ñÌrbm KQ>ñ\$moQ>KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {Xbobm Zmhr. nVr H$gmhrAgbm Var nËZrbm Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ {d^ŠV hmoVm òV Zmhr. EdT>oM ZgwZ _Zwñ_¥Vr nËZrbm {dH$Ê`mMrnadmZJrhr nVrbm XoVo.

_ZwZo ñÌrbm g§nËVrMm A{YH$ma Xo{Ib ZmH$mabm Amho. ^maVr` g_mOmMr aMZm nwê$fm§ZmgËVm XoUmè`m nwT>rb {Z`_m§Zr ~Zbobr Amho.1) {ddmh åhUOo nVrer g_{n©V ^mdZoZo Jm¡UXOm©Zo ahmdo åhUwZ Ho$bobm g§ñH$ma hmo` KQ>ñ\$moQ>mMmA{YH$ma Ho$di nwê$fmbm, ñÌrbm hm A{YH$ma Zmhr H$maU nVr hmM {VMm na_oída.2) dmagm hŠH$ ñÌrbm Zmhr. H$maU ñÌrMo gd©ñd nVr AgVmo. {Vbm doJù`m YZmMr JaO Zmhr.

&& 38 &&

3) ñÌrZo {ejU KoD$Zò H$maU {ejUmMr kmZmMr, {Vbm JaO Zmhr. nVrgodm hoM {VMo kmZ.4) ñÌrÀ`m gm_m{OH$ godm§da nwê$fmMrM _mbH$s. eŠ`Vmo gm_m{OH$ l_ ñÌrZo H$ê$Z Zò. H$maU VrJ¥hbú_r AgVo. gm_m{OH$ l_ nwê$fmZo H$amdo ñÌrZo Zmhr.6) gm_m{OH$ {OdZmV ñÌrMo ñWmZ Ho$di nËZr, _mVm, ~{hU, _wbJr åhUwZM nwê$fm§{edm` ñdV§ÌXOm© Zmhr.

^maVr` nwê$f gÎmm åhUOo OJmVrb gdm©V A{YH$ Hw«$a Am{U qhgH$ nwê$fgËVm Amho.nwê$fgËVoÀ`m `m qhgo _mJo OmVr g_mOmMm _Zwñ_¥VrMm qhgH$ Y_©C^m Amho. AmOhr ^maVr`g_mOmVrb ñÌrXmñ`mMo d¡{eîQ>ço amoOÀ`m d¥ËV_mZnÌmVyZ nmhmd`mg {_iVo. ~bmËH$ma, qhgmMmaAmOhr ñÌrbm H$mhr AndmX dJiVm g_mOmV g_mZ XOm© XoÊ`mMo ZmH$mabo OmVo.

_Zwñ_¥VrVrb H$m`ÚmZwgma OmVrVrb nwê$fm§Mr d ñÌr`m§Mr g§»`m g_mZ Agmdr. AÝ`WmñÌr`m§Mr g§»`m A{V[aŠV Pmë`mg Ag_Vmob {Z_m©U hmoB©b. dmT>rd ñÌr`m `m OmVr~mø {ddmhH$aVrb. n[aUm_r CÀM OmVrVrb nwê$fm§À`m Am{W©H$. amO{H$` gÎmobm YmoH$m nmohMob. OmVr` loð>ËdA§J nmdob, åhUwZ Ë`m§Zr dmT>rd ñÌr`§mMo àíZ gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r ñÌr`m§Zm OmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mMr àWm(gVràWm) ApñVËdmV AmUbr. Ë`m§Zm {dÐþn H$ê$Z d An{dÌ åhUwZ S>m§~wZ R>odUma {dYdm{ddmh ~§XrApñVËdmV AmUbr.1) gVràWm : nVrÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Va nËZrbm Ë`mÀ`m {MVoda CS>r ¿`mdr bmJV Ago. H$maU ñÌr nwê$fmMrg§»`m g_mZ amhmdr åhUwZ. H$maU ñÌr {Od§V am{hbr Va EH$Va naOmVrVrb nwê$fmer {ddmh H$aob.Ë`m_wio JQ>m§VJ©V {ddmhmMm {Z`_ _moS>bm OmB©b qH$dm Vr Ë`mM OmVrVrb Xþgè`m nwê$fmer {ddmh ~ÕPmbr Va Ë`m OmVrVrb ñÌr`m§_Üò ñnYm© gwê$ hmoB©b Am{U EH$m b½Z Z Pmboë`m _wbrÀ`mb½Zm{df`H$ amIrd hŠH$mda AmH«$_U hmoB©b. åhUwZ {VMr ì`dñWm H$er bmdm`Mr `mMo BVa _mJ©emoYbo Jobo.2) d¡Yì`bmdUo :- hm _mJ© gVràWonojm ~am hmoVm. H$maU `m_Üò {dYdm ñÌrbm {Od§V R>odë`mOmB©.na§Vy VrMm H$moÊ`mnwê$fmg _moh hmoD$ Zò åhUwZ {VMo {dÐþnrH$aU Ho$boOmB©. {VMo Ho$g H$mnyZ Q>mH$UoHo$ednUm, OmS>r âS>r dñÌo Zogm`bm XoUo. (Varhr Kar Xra, gmgao qH$ìmm BVa ZmVodmB©H$mH$Sy>ZAË`mMma ìhm`MoM) ~§XImobrV amhÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Uo.

nËZr {ZYZ Pmë`mZ§Va nwê$fmMr ì`dñWm XmoZ àH$mao bmdë`m OmB©.1) {dYwamda ~«åhMm`© ì`dñWm bmXUo. Aem dmT>rd nwê$fmg OmV ì`dhmamnmgyZ Xþa R>odyZ g§Ý`mgKoÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>bo OmB©. na§Vw H$moUË`mhr OmVrVrb BVa OmVrer ñnYm© H$aVmZm g§»`mËåmH$ dmT>hr_hËdmMr Amho. åhUwZ OmVrMo g§dY©Z H$aUmam nwê$f ~«åhMmar AgyZ H$go ^mJob? åhUwZ Ë`mgJ¥hmdñWoV R>odbo OmVo. nU Ë`mbm dYw H$er {_iUma?2) b½Zm`mo½` Zgboë`m Aënd`rZ _wbrer b½Z. OmVrVë`m OmVrV dYwMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMm àíZdmT>rd nwê$fm g§X^m©V {Z_m©U hmoVmo. ñÌr nwê$fm§Mr g§»`m g_mZ Agë`m_wio EH$m nwê$fmZo EH$mM ñÌrer{ddmh H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr AgVo. Aem pñWVrV dmT>rd nwê$fmbm OmVrV OIS>yZ R>odm`Mo Agob Va Ë`mbm

&& 39 &&

Ho$di b½Zm`mo½` Z Pmboë`m d`moJQ>mVrb _wbJrM dYw åhUwZ nwadbr OmD$ eH$Vo.Aem `m _Zwñ_¥VrVrb H«w$a H$m`ÚmVyZ gwQ>H$m ìhmdr åhUwZ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr qhXÿ

H$moS> {~bmMr H$ënZm _m§S>br. nU Ë`mg AZoH$m§Zr H$S>mSy>Z {damoY X{e©dbm Am{U Vo {~b nmg hmoD${Xbo Zmhr. eodQ>r Ë`m§Zm H$m`Xo_§Ìr nXmMm amOrZm_m Úmdm bmJbm. nwT>o _mÌ qhXÿ H$moS> {~bmMo{Za{Zamio ^mJ H$ê$Z d Ë`mV \o$a~Xb H$ê$Z ZdrZ Mma H$m`Xo _§Oya H$aÊ`mV Ambo.1) {h§Xÿ {ddmh H$m`Xm- 19552) qhXÿ CÎmam{YH$ma H$m`Xm 19563) qhXÿ XÎmH$ J«hU Am{U {Zdm©h H$m`Xm 19564) qhXÿ XÎmH$ J«hU H$m`Xm 1958

ñÌr`m§~m~V _Ü`dVu ^w{_H$m _m§S>V ñÌr`m§Zm OmVr Y_m©V Z _moS>Vm ñÌrMo àíZ gd©ÌgmaIoM AmhoV. Ë`m_wio qhXÿ H$moS> {~bmV Ë`m§Zr ñÌr`m§Zm {d{dY A{YH$ma ~hmb Ho$bo. ^maVmVrbnwê$fàYmZ g_mO ì`dñWoZo Am{U _Zwñ_¥VrZo Ym{_©H$VoÀ`m ZmdmImbr ñÌr`m§Mo hŠH$ d A{YH$maZmH$abo Vo gd© XoÊ`mMm àU S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr Ho$bm. qhXÿ H$moS> {~bm_wioM ñÌr`m§À`mCÝZVrMm, {dH$mgmMm _mJ© _moH$im Pmbm Amho. ho H$moUrhr ZmH$mê$ eH$V Zmhr.

qhXÿ H$moS>{~bmV ~m~mgmho~m§Zr ñÌr _J Vr H$moUË`mhr OmVr Y_m©Mr Agmo Vr X{bVM Amho hobjmV KoD$Z Imbrb hŠH$ Am{U A{YH$ma ~Z{dbo.1) ñÌrbm KQ>ñ\$moQ>mMm A{YH$ma {Xbm. nwê$fmMm EH$ {ddmh H$m`Xoera Agë`mg d Xþgam {ddmh `mo½`H$maU Zgë`mg Ad¡Y R>adyZ ñÌrbm ñW¡`© {Xbo.2) Zdè`mZo KQ>ñ\$moQ> {Xë`mg nmoQ>Jr {_iob.3)ñÌr`m§Zm XÎmH$ KoÊ`mMm d XÎmH$ XoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {Xbm.4) ñdV:À`m {_iH$Vrda pñÌ`mMm A{YH$ma Agmdm.5) pñÌbm KQ>ñ\$moQ> KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {Xbm.6) d{S>bm§À`m g§nÎmrV _wbrbmhr _wbmà_mUo g_mZ dmQ>m {Xbm.7) _wbrbm dmag KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {_imbm.8) Am§VaOmVr` {ddmhmg _mÝ`Vm {Xbr.9) pñÌbm ñdV:Mm dmag {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {_imbm.

qhXy H$moS>{~bm_mJo XmoZ _w»` CÔrï>̀ o hmoVr. qhXÿ H$m`Xm gd© Xoeâ g_mZ H$aUo ho n{hboAm{U qhXÿ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$mhr emIm§Mr gwYmaUm KS>{dUo ho Xþgao CÔrîQ hmoVo.

qhXÿ H$moS>{~bmV EH§$XarV nmM àH$maÀ`m gwYmaUm gwM{dë`m hmoË`m.1) {ddmh Am{U XÎmH$ {df`H$:-

&& 40 &&

n{hbr gwYmaUm {ddmh, XÎmH$ Am{X {df`r Omo g§~§Y òB©b. Ë`m g§~§Yr hmoVr. OwÝ`m d MmbwqhXÿ H$m`Úmà_mUo {ddmh d XÎmH$ hm Á`m Ë`m OmVrVM KS>V Ago. Oa Xþgè`m OmVrVrb ì`pŠVer{ddmh Pmbm. AJa Xþgè`m OmVrMm XÎmH$ KoÊ`mV Ambm. Va Vmo {ddmh d XÎmH$ qhXþH$m`Úmà_mUo aÔg_OÊ`mV òV Ago. Aem VèhoZo qhXw g_mO d H$m`Xm h XmoÝhr OmVrdaM A{Yð>rV Pmbo. qhXwH$m`ÚmZo OmVrMr ~§YZo Zmhrer hmoVrb H$maU H$moUË`mhr OmVrV {ddmh d XÎmH$ KoD$ eH$V hmoVo.2) EH$nËZrM:-

Xþgar gwYmaUm EH$ nËZrM nmiÊ`m g§~§Yr hmoVr. àMm{bV d nwamVZ qhXþH$m`Úm à_mUo qhXwnwê$fmg hì`m {VVŠ`m ñÌr`m§er {ddmh H$aVm òV hmoVr. na§Vw Z{dZ H$m`Úmà_mUo EH$m qhXw nwê$fmgEH$mM ñÌrer {ddmh H$aVm òB©b.3) KQ>ñ\$moQ>:-

{Vgar gwYmaUm KQ>ñ\$moQ> g§~§Yr hmoVr. gÜ`mÀ`m H$m`Úmà_mUo ~m`H$mo hr Zdè`mMrAYmª{JZr g_Obr OmVo. EH$Xm b½Z Pmbo H$s {Vbm H$moUË`mhr H$maUmñVd {d^ŠV KoVm òV Zmhr. H$sH$mS>r_moS>KoVmòV Zmhr. Iao åhUOo Á`m ñÌrMo ZŠ`mer Aja Á`m Zdè`mMo ñÌrer nQ>V Zmhr. Ë`m§ZmEH$ÌrV R>odÊ`mMr gŠVr H$aUo Ho$ìhmhr amñV Zmhr. Voìhm H$mhr R>am{dH$ AQ>rda Zdam-~m`H$mogH$mS>r_moS>{_iÊ`mMr gdbV qhXw H$moS>{~bmV R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho.4) dS>r>bm§À`m g§nÎmr{df`H$:-

nwd©OmH$Sy>Z Or BñQ>oQ> MmbV òVo Ë`mdarb d§eOmÀ`m hŠH$mg§~§Yr gÜ`m XmoZ nÜXVr ê$T>Amho. EH$ {_Vmjar Xþgar Xm`^mJ {_Vmjar åhUOo d{S>bmH$S>yZ g§nÎmr ôQ> _wbmH$S>o òUo Am{UXm`^mJ nÕVr_Üò BñQ>oQ>rMm `moJ-{dZr`moJ H$aÊ`mg ~mn _moH$im amhrb. Ë`m_wio g§nÝZVmdmT>d`mg d Am{W©H$ CËnÝZ dmT>Ê`mg _XV hmoB©b. qhXw H$moS>{~bmV hr Xm`^mJ nÜXV Adb§~Ê`mVAmbr.5) ñÌr`m§Zm g§nÎmrV {_iUmao hŠH$:- ñÌrbm ~jrg åhUwZ b½ZmÀ`m doir Or aŠH$_ qH$dm XmJrZo{_iVmV VoM {VMo g_Obo OmV na§Vw _wbrÀ`m hŠH$m g§~§YrMm hm ôXdmX Zì`m qhXÿ H$moS>{~bm_wioH$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV òVmo.

AmOn`ªV Omo gZmVZ qhXy g_mO Á`mbm n{dÌ Agboë`m Y_© emñÌmda AmYm[aV H$m`Úm§daMmbV Ambm. Vmo EH$mEH$s AË`§V g_Oë`m OmUmè`m ì`pŠVZo {Z_m©U Ho$boë`m H$m`Úmda Mmbmdm hmIamIwam _ZmVrb gb hmoVm. qhXþH$moS> {~bmMm nam^d ZgwZ Vmo gZmVZr OmVr` d¥ËVrMm IamIwam{dO` hmoVm Am{U Iar ñdV§Ì ^maVmMr emoH$m§{VH$m hmoVr. nU H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV ~m~mgmho~m§À`m{dMmam§Mm XþaÑï>rnUm bjmV Ambm Am{U qhXÿ H$moS>{~bmVrb ~aoM H$m`Xo Z§Va KQ>ZmXþê$ñVrZo g§_VPmbo.

&& 41 &&

7. àíZ ñÌrÀ`m ApñVËdmMm

- am_oída {edmOramd amD$V,$ ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

""`m ajmd`m Zmar Za

Wm§~dw`m Za g§hma

ñÌr eŠVrMm H$ê$ AmXa

AYmoJVr niob Xþa-Xþa.''

""^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrV nwduÀ`m Á`m _hmZ ñÌr`m hmoD$Z Joë`m. Ë`m_Üò PmerMr amUrbú_r~mB©, amO_mVm {OOmD$ `m§Mm AmXe© S>moù`m§g_moa R>odwZ g_mO àJë^ hmoV Jobm. '' EH$ ñÌr{eH$br Va nwU© Hw$Qy>§~mbm {eH$dVo. `m CŠVrà_mUoM PmerMr amUr bú_r~mB©, amO_mVm {OOmD$,H$ënUm Mmdbm, _Xa Voaogm, à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb, bVm _§JoíH$a `m§À`m H«$m§VrH$mar {dMmamVyZ ñÌr`m§ZmOrdZ OJÊ`mMr {Xem {_imbr. Ë`m§Mo em¡`©, Y¡`©, H$UIanUm, YmS>gr d¥ËVr ~KyZ AmOÀ`m ñÌrbmñdV:À`m ApñVËdmMr CUrd ìhm`bm bmJVo. `m _hmZ pñÌ`m§Zr XmIdwZ {Xbo H$s, {VÀ`m gm_Ï`m©V{H$Vr eŠVr AgVo. `m gm_Ï`m©À`m AmYmamda Ë`m§Zr g_mOmM§ ê$n ~XbwZ Q>mH$b§, Am{U ñÌr eŠVrMoXe©Z g§nyU© g_mOmbm KS>dbo.

na§Vw ~XbË`m H$mimV AmYw{ZH$sH$aU PnmQ>çmZo hmoV Agbo Var, _mZdmÀ`m {dMmamV H$mhr\$magm \$aH$ nS>bobm {XgV Zmhr. _mZdmZo ~Xbë`m H$mim~amo~a Amnbr OrdZe¡br ~Xbbr. nU{dMma _mÌ nwduMoM. AmO g_mOmV gdm©V _moR>m àíZ {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho. ñÌrÀ`m ApñVËdmMm? AmOhrAgo åhQ>bo OmVo H$s, ñÌr-nwê$f g_mZ AmhoV. nU _bm Va Ag§ dmQ>V` H$s, ho dmŠò \$ŠVåhUÊ`mnwaVoM AmhoV. nU `m dmŠ`mMm AW© Imobda OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Hw$Ur Ho bm H$m? ehar^mJmMm {dMma Ho$bm Va ñÌr nwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdyZ bT>Ê`mgmR>r gÁO Pmbr Amho. {Vbm{VÀ`m ApñVËdmMr OmUrd Pmbr Amho. Vr \$ŠV {ejUm_wioM. ehar ^mJmV {ejUmMo à_mU OmñVAgë`m_wio pñÌ`m§Zm Amnë`m {dMmamV H«$m§Vr KSw>Z AmUbr Amho.

na§Vw AmOhr J«m_rU ^mJmMm {dMma Ho$bm Va pñÌ`m§Zm \$mago A{YH$ma {XgyZ òV ZmhrV.pñÌbm \$ŠV B©ídmamZo Mwb Am{U _wb `m AWm©ZoM nmR>dbo Amho, Agm J«m{_U ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§MmAmOhr g_O Amho. AmOhr Ë`m§Mm ñÌrH$S>o nmhÊ`mMm Ñï>rH$moZ ~Xbm`bm V`ma ZmhrV. J«m_rU^mJmV ñÌr`m§Zm Hw$Qy>§~mV, g_mOmV AmXamMo ñWmZ {Xbo OmV Zmhr, H$moUË`mhr amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$,H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ H$m`m©V pñÌ`m§Mm gëbm KoUo nwê$f dJ© `mo½` g_OV Zmhr. {VÀ`m JaOm H$moUË`m? {VMo{dMma, ^mdZm H$m` AmhoV `mH$S>o \$mago bj {Xbo OmV Zmhr. _J àíZ {Z_m©U hmoVmo. pñÌÀ`mApñVËdmMm. AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV ñÌr Zo amOH$s` joÌmV nmD$b R>odbo Var {VÀ`m Zmdmda XþgaoMamOH$maU H$aVmV. Ë`m ì`ŠVrMo Zmd ho Ë`m nXmnwaVoM amhVo qH$dm {hamdwZ KoVbo OmVmV.

&& 42 &&

AmOÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ `wJmV Va pñÌ`m§da hmoUmè`m AÝ`m` AË`mMmam§Mo à_mU IwnM dmT>boAmho. AmOÀ`m pñÌbm OJVmZm AZoH$ g_ñ`m ôS>gmdV AmhoV. Vr gwa{jV OrdZ OJw eH$V Zmhr.

{Vbm nmdbmonmdbr àíZ nS>V Amho {VÀ`m ApñVËdmÀ`m pñÌbm H$moUË`mhr ~m~VrV nyU©nUo ñdmV§ÍÀmho H$m? {Vbm àËòH$ Jmoï>rV H$moUmMr Var nadmZJr ¿`mdr bmJVo. ñÌr bm g_mOmZo ~§YZmVOISw>Z Q>mH$bo Amho. {VMo {dMma ho Mma q^VrÀ`m ~mhoa òD$ {Xbo OmV ZmhrV. Hw$Qy>§~mMm gd© ^mapñÌ`m§À`m S>moŠ`m§da R>odyZ nwê$f dJ© _moH$im hmoVmo. Ë`§mÀ`m {dMmambm Hw$Qy>§~mV Xþæ`_ ñWmZ {Xbo OmVo.Ë`m§À`m l_m§Zm H$moUVmhr _mo~Xbm {Xbm OmV Zmhr. `m gd© H$maUmVwZ ñÌr`m§Mo Iwn IÀMrH$aU hmoVo.Am{U ñÌr`m AmZ§XrV OrdZ OJw eH$V ZmhrV Am{U `mVyZM AmË_hË`m, KQ>ñ\$moQ>Ago àH$ma dmT>rgbmJVmV. g_mOmV pñÌ`m§H$S>o \$mago AmXamZo nm{hbo OmV Zmhr. ho gd© Q>mim`Mo Agob Va pñÌMmAmXa H$am`bm {eH$m. {VÀ`m gm_Ï`m©V Iwn eŠVr Amho. {Vbm AmZ§XmZo OJw Úm.

^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrV _wbJr, nËZr, _mVm `m ñÌr {OdZmÀ`m {VZ AdñWm AmhoV. `m {VZhrAdñWm nwê$f {VMo ajU H$aV AgVmo. åhUyZ Vr Am`wî`â napñÌM OrdZ OJVo, _J Hw$Qy>§§~ hoM {VMo{díd ~ZwZ OmVo. {VÀ`m OJÊ`m-dmJÊ`m ~mobÊ`mda ZH$iV H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ _`m©Xm òVmV Am{U `m_`m©XmMr Mm¡H$Q> gm§^miUo åhUOo ñÌrY_m©Mo nmbZ H$aUo hmo`. Aer AmoKmZoM {VMr g_OwV hmoVo.EH$Xm hr bmXbobr g_OwV pñdH$mabr H$s, nwT>o {VMo ñdV:Mo ApñVËd {eëbH$ amhV Zmhr. Am`wîÒJVmZm gwI, Xþ:ImÀ`m àg§Jr Z{e~mMo bo~b bmdwZ AmJ{VH$nUo OJÊ`mMr VS>OmoS>H$aUo ho {VbmH«$_àmßV R>aVo.

""S>moù`mbm Amgdm§Mm

{bbmd H$am`Mm ZgVmo.

Vo EH$ _hmH$mì` AgVo

Am{U gwI _mÌ _m§S>mdrV

Iwemb OJmÀ`m ~mOmamV

Zmhr, Var Ë`m§Mm H$mhr

Cn`moJ ZgVmo KamV.''

pñÌ`m§Zm ^{dî`mV òUmè`m à{VHy$b H$mimoImbm YramZo gm_moao OmÊ`m{edm` n`m©` Zmhr.CJrM Amnë`m ì`WmMm ~mOma _m§Sy>Z g_mOmMr H$moaS>r ghmZw^yVr {VZo {_idy Zò. ñdV:À`mAmgdm§Zm gmdaÊ`mM§ ~i {VÀ`mV Agb§ nm{hOo. ho ~iM EH$ _hmH$mì` hmoUma Amho Agm AmOÀ`mpñÌbm {dídmg Agbm nm{hOo. g_mO g_whmV OJV AgVmZm Hw$Qy>§~mÀ`m Mm¡H${Q>V {_iUmao gwI hoAm^mfr AgVo. Aem gwImbm \$magm H$mhr AW© ZgVmo. ho ñÌr Zo OmUwZ ¿`m`bm nm{hOo.

Am`wî` R>adwZ Hw$UmbmM OJVm òV Zmhr. EHw$UM Am`wî` åhUOo {ZgaS>m Ioi hmoD$Z OmVo.AkmZmV ñdßZo Var nmhVm òVmV, _mÌ dmñVdmV ñdßZ a§JdU AdKS>M§ AgV§, dmñVd ho ñdßZ

&& 43 &&

{MaS>Ê`mgmR>rM AgVo H$s, H$m` Agohr _Zmbm dmQw>Z OmVo.

""CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr ñdßZ nmhU§

{H$Vr AdKS>AgV§

gJim H$S>dQ>nUm {JiyZ

JmoS>dm {Q>H dwZ R>odU§

{H$Vr AdKS>AgV§.''

pñÌ`m§À`m dmQ>çmbm Ambobo doXZmMo H$T>`m H$mì`m§VwZ _m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.

""_wbJr åhUOo \w$bnmIê$

{dñVdmÀ`m \w$bm§da ~gw nmhUma§,

{OMr nmdb§ AOwZ ^mObr ZmhrV

Aer _wbJr _bm AÚmn ôQ>br Zmhr.''

ñÌr OmVrÀ`m C_bë`m H$irM§ {MÌ `m H$mì`mVwZ ñnï> hmoVo ñÌrMr gw§XaVm, ZmOwH$Vm,H$mo_bVm `mM§ à{VH$ åhUwZ Ambob§ \w$bnmIê$ OUy em{nV hmoD$Z {dñVAmhþVrbmM dm{hbob§ Amho.g§gmaê$nr KaQ>çmV EH$sbmhr {dñVdmMm Xmh ghZ H$amdm bmJV Zmhr, Aer ñÌr g_mOmV ôQ>Uo AÚmnVar eŠ` Zmhr. ho Xþ:I V_m_ pñÌ OmVrM Amho. _r XodmÀ`m ZmJarH$m§Zm Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªZm àíZ{dMmaVmo H$s, AmnU `m dmñVdmH$S>o CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr nmhUma AmhmoV H$m?

AmOMr _wbJr hr CÚmMr _mVm Amho. AmOMr ñÌr hr Xoembm KS>dUmar H$ënZm Mmdbm, _XaVoaogm, à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb, bVm _§JoíH$a hmoD$ eH$Vo. {hM ñÌr Vwåhmbm d§emMm {Xdm XoUma Amho. gdm©§ZmdmQ>V§. AmB© nm{hOo, ~{hU nm{hOo, ~m`H$mo nm{hOo. _J pñÌMo ApñVËd _mÝ` H$am`bm H$m V`ma ZmhrV.{Vbm OÝ_ KoD$ Úm, {Vbm {ejU Úm, ñdV:À`m nm`mda C^§ H$am. H$mhr n¡gm bmJUma Zmhr. {VÀ`mgmR>r,åhUyZ {VMm AmXa H$am`bm {eH$m. AmnU Oa _ZmnmgwZ pñÌMo ApñVËd _mÝ` Ho$bo Va g§nyU© ^maVXoe AmXe© R>aob. Ë`m_wio {VMm Ûof H$ê$ ZH$m. pñÌÀ`m gm_Ï`m©V Iyn eŠVr Amho. {Vbm H$_r g_OwZH$m. AmZ§XmZo...

pñÌMo ApñVËd _mÝ` H$am.

&& 44 &&

8. OmJ¥V ìhmdr-ñÌr eŠVr

- gwVmao {_aoe ZdZmW,$ E_.E. amÁèmñÌ àW_ df©

na_ nwÁ` _mÂ`m `m ^maV Xoembm _r d§XZ H$aVmo. AmXaUr` Jwê$OU dJm©bm `m {R>H$mUrZV_ñVH$ hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zm gmï>m§J Z_ñH$ma. gw{e{jV Am{U gwg§ñH¥$V Aem {dÚmWr© _¡{ÌUtZm `m{R>H$mUr Z_ñH$ma.

Amnë`m ^maVr` g_mOmV ñÌrbm Iwn AË`§V d OmñV Ago AZÝ` gmYmaU Ago _moR>çmà_mUmV _hËËd Agbobo AmnUmg nmhmd`mg {_iVo. ñÌr åhUOo g§nyU© XoemMr g§nyU© amï´>mMr, g§nwU©{dídmMr OZZr åhUyZ Vr AmoiIbr OmVo. ñÌr åhUOo Amnë`m ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr _Üò ñÌrbmAm{XeŠVr åhUyZ hr AmoiIbo OmVo. ñÌr hr Amnë`m ^maVr` g_mOm_Üò AZoH$ ZmË`m§À`mñdê$nm_Üò AmnUmg _moR>çm à_mUm_Üò {XgyZ òVo. CXm:- AmB©, ~{hU, _wbJr, npËZ, _ohÿUr,d{hZr-_¡{ÌU Aem AZoH$ ^w{_H$m_Üò {VMo _mobmMo `moJXmZ Agbobo _hm^maV, am_mÙ, `m_ÜògwÕm ñÌr`m§Zm Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmV {dídmg Agbobm AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmo. Xodmbm dmQ>V§ H$s, "Vy Oo{Z_m©U H$aerb, Vo Mm§JbM {Z_m©U H$aerb,' `m_wio XodmMm gwÓm ñÌr`m§da ÑT>{dídmg XmIdbobmAmnUmg nmhmd`mg {_iVmo. ñÌr åhUOo Xþ~is ZgwZ Vr nU EH$ _mUygM Amho. {Vbm hr OJÊ`mMm,{Vbm nyU© ñdmV§Í` Cn^moJÊ`mMm nyU© A{YH$ma Amho. na§Vy AmO Amnë`m g§nyU© Xoem_Üò "_wbJr'åhQ>b§ H$s, H$nmimda AmQ>çm nS>VmV. H$maU H$s pñÌ`m§Zm Amnë`m ^maVr` g_mOmV \$ŠV _m¡Z XOm©XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m {R>H$mUr Pmbobm Amho.

ñÌr åhUOo ~mOmamVrb dñVy, IoiU§ Am{U Cn^moJmMr dñVy åhUyZ Amnë`m g_mOmVñÌrH$S>o nm{hbo OmVo. H$maU H$s, AmO Amnë`m ^maV Xoem_Üò H$moUmbmM XoemgmR>r H$mhr H$mam`M§Zmhr. Xoe godm H$m` AgVo, XoemgmR>r ~brXmZ H$m` AgVo, H$moUmMm gÝ_mZ H$amdm, H$moU Mm§Jbo H$moUdmB©Q>, H$moU Amnbo ^bo H$aUma, H$moU dmB©Q>H$aUm§a `mMr Ë`m§Zm OmUrdM am{hbobr Zmhr Am{U H$moUrgm§Jm`bmhr V`ma Zmhr Am{U H$moUr gm§{JVb§ Va Ë`mM§ H$moUr EoH$m`bm V`ma Zmhr AmO Aern[añWrVr V`ma Pmbr Amho. Ë`m_wio AmO g§nwU© g_mOmM§ Am{U Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV g_mOmVrb Hw$Qy>§~ì`dñWm AmO g§nyU© nUo R>mgiV Mmbbobr Amho. AmOMr Am_Mr ñÌr eŠVr hr g§nyU© nUo nmíMmË`g§ñH¥$VrM§ AZwH$aU H$ê$ bmJbobr Amho. nmíMmË` g§ñH¥$VrMm nJS>m Iwn _moR>çm à_mUmda Amnë`m^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vrda nS>bobm AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmo. g§nyU© OJm_Üò, g§nyU© amï´>m§_Üò gdm©V gw§XaAm{U EH$ Ag§ Zmd {ZKUmar g§ñH¥$Vr AmO Iyn {~JSy>Z Q>mH$bobr Amho Am{U `m Amnë`m g§ñH¥$VrbmIam~ H$aÊ`mMo `moJXmZ ho AmnboM Amho. ^maVr` åhUOo AmB©,dS>rb,^mD$ gJir _§S>ir `m§ZrM_moR>çm à_mUmV Ho$bobo AmnUmg {XgyZ òVo. AmO ñÌr eŠVrMm Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmV ñÌr`m EoH$dVmZmAmnUmg [XgyZ òVmV. Ë`m§Zm dmQ>Vo H$s, Mma eãX {eH$bo, XmoZ dJ© nmg Pmbmo åhUOo, gd©H$mhrAmOÀ`m Amnë`m ñÌreŠVrbm {VÀ`mVrb Iar ñÌr H$m` AgVo, ho Ë`m§Zm AgwZhr _m{hV ZgboboAmnUmg {XgyZ òVo. AmOMr ñÌreŠVr, Ho$g _moH$io gmoSy>Z ""_bm nmhm Am{U \w$b dhm'' `m åhUr

&& 45 &&

à_mUo Pmbob§ Amho. AmOMr ñÌr Hw$R>ë`mhr ~§YZmV amhm`bm V`ma Zmhr. _wbJr hr AmB©-d{S>bm§Mm"ídmg' AgVo. Ë`m XmoKm§Mm {dídmg AgVo. Vr Ë`m§À`m KaMr à{VîR>m, A§JUmMr _`m©Xm AgVo. nUAmg§ \$ŠV 90% {ejU hmoUmè`m _wbtZmM ñd`§nmH$ H$aVm òV Zmhr Am{U åhUo ñÌr eŠVr AmO100% H$m`Xo ñÌr`m§À`m ~mOyZo Agbobo AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmV. AmO Amnë`m XoemV ñÌrgú_rH$aUmda \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV gaH$maZo â {Xbm Amho. AmO BVH$o àM§S>g§ajU ñÌr`m§Zm {XboboAm{U Var Am_Mr ñÌr gwa{jVM Zmhr. `mM§ H$maU H$m`? H$maU H$s pñÌ`m§Zm AmnU ñÌr AmhmoV `mM§Ë`m§Zm ^mZM am{hbob§ Zmhr. Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V§ H$s gw{e{jV Pmbmo åhUOo gd©H$mhr Pmb§ Agm Ë`m§Mm g_OAmho nU gw{e{jV hmoVm, hmoVm Ë`m§Zm gwg§ñH¥$V hmoÊ`mMr AmO Ë`m§Zm _moR>çm à_mUmV Amdí`H$VmAgbobr {XgyZ òVo. gw{e{jV Va gd©M AmhoV. nU gwg§ñH¥$V Mm `m {R>H$mUr _moR>çm à_mUmV A^mdAgbobm AmO AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmo. AJmoXa pñÌ`m gmhdmar gmS>r n[aYmZ H$am`À`m Ë`m gmhdmardê$Z Ë`m MwS>rXma S´>og da Amë`m {R>H$ Amho, nU Ë`m MwS>rXma S´>og dê$Z OrÝg Q>r-eQ>© da Amë`mg§nyU© g§ñH¥$VrMm gË`mZme H$ê$Z R>odbm. AmO g§nyU© Amnë`m XoemÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$mZm-H$monè`mVOm, ~mOmam_Üò ñÌr AgVmZm AmB© H$moUVr Am{U _wbJr H$moUVr ho hr AmoiIU§ AmO AdKS>Pmbob§Amho. AmO {dMma g_¥Õ Zmhr Va \°$eZ g_¥Õ AmnU H$aV AmhmoV. Hw§$H$y, ~m§JS>r Am{U gmS>r ho gd©AmVm H$mb~mÜ` Pmbobo Amho Am{U gdm©V _hËËdmMo åhUOo AmO Am_À`m ^maVmVrb ñÌr`m§Zm Y_©gmoS>bm Amho. _wpñb_ Y_m©Vrb _{hbm ~waIm n[aYmZ Ho$ë`m{edm` KamÀ`m ~mhoa {ZKV Zmhr Am{UAmnë`m qhXw Y_m©Vrb _{hbm§Zr ~è`mM à_mUmV nm[íM_mË`rH$aU A{YH$m{YH$ ñdrH$mabob§ {XgyZòVo. AmnU gm§JVmo, gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo§Zr _wbtgmR>r {ejUmMo n[hbo Xma CKS>o Ho$bo d _wbtZm {ejU{Xbo. nU {ejUmZo _wbrZ_« Zmhr Va Ë`m AmJmD$ Pmë`m. AmO {eH$boë`m _wbr g§`wŠV Hw$Qy>§~mVamhm`bm V`ma Zgboë`m AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmV. nydu ào_ àH$aU Mmbm`Mr nU Ë`m doiog _wbJm_wbrÀ`m hmoH$mamMr dmQ> nmhm`Mm. nU AmVm gd© CbQ>§ Pmb§ Amho. _wbJrM _wbmÀ`m hmoH$mamMr dmQ>nmhV Amho Am{U hmoH$ma Oa Zmhr {Xbm Va Ë`mbm Ìmg XoÊ`mMmhr à`ËZ gwê$ Amho. nwdu _wb§ H$am`MrAmVm _wbr H$aVmhoV. H$mhr _wbrVa H$m°boO _Üò _wbm§Zm \$moZdê$Z ~mobÊ`mgmR>rM òVmV. {Xdg âË`m boS>rO ê$_ _Üò ~gyZ amhVmV. Kar H$mhr ~mobm`M§ O_V Zmhr. Ë`m_wio H$m°boO_Üò Zmd g§nyU©H$m°boOM§ Iam~ H$am`M§ AmnU Va AmnU hr Iam~ Am{U Xþgè`mbmhr Iam~ H$am`M§ AmnU Va AmnUhr {d{harV CS>r _mam`Mr Am{U gmo~VÀ`mbm nU CS>r _mam`bm bmdm`Mr Ag§ gJi§ Mmbbob§ Amho.AmO Amnë`m XoemV pñÌ`m§Zm BVH§$ ñdmV§Í` Am{U Ë`m§Zm g§ajU {Xb§ Var hr ho AÝ`m` AË`mMmaBVŠ`m _moR>çm à_mUmV hmoVmV. Ë`mbm 50% O~m~Xma Ë`mM§ AmhoV. H$maU H$s bhmZ _wbm§Zm H$goH$nS>o Kmbmdo, Vê$Um§Zr H$go Kmbmdo, `mMo Hw$Umbm ^mZM Zmhr. Am{U AmB© d{S>b nmbH$m§Zm Amnë`mAmnë`m O~m~Xmè`m H$m` AmhoV, `mMo Ë`m§Zm ^mZ am{hbob§ Zmhr. Amnbo H$V©ì` H$m` AmhoV. `mMrË`m§Zm OmUrd am{hbobr Zmhr. AmO XrS> dfm©M§ bhmZ ~mi gwa{jV Zmhr Am{U AmnU 18 Am{U 20dfm©À`m _wbr dmè`mda H$em gmoS>VmoV. Ë`m§Mo {_Ì H$moU AmhoV. Ë`m H$moUmbm ~mobVmV, H$moUmbmôQ>VmV, H$m` H$aVmV, {eH$dUr H$m°boO À`m ZmdmImbr Vê$U {nR>r Hw$R>o dmQ>Mmb H$aV Amho. `mMrHw$Umbm qMVmM Zmhr. AmVm gJirH$S>o amdUM§ amdU AmhoV. am_ Iyn AmVm H$_r Pmbo AmhoV.

&& 46 &&

H$í_ra nmgyZ Vo H$Ý`mHw$_mar n`ªV AZoH$ _wbr ~onÎmm AmhoV. Ë`m Hw$R>o AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm Hw$UràíZhr H$mT>V Zmhr Am{U {dMma hr H$aV Zmhr. àËòH$ _mUyg Amnbm-Amnbm ñdmW© gmÜ`H$aÊ`m_Üò J§wVbm Amho. bmoH$m§Zr {ZdSy>Z {Xbobo à{V{ZYr H$moUË`m Var AmeodaM§ {ZdSy>Z {XboboAgVmV. nU Ë`m§Zmhr H$moUmMmhr H$sd òV Zgbobr AmnUmg {XgyZ òV Amho. amOH$maUr gmaIoMAm{U gJio gmaIoM AZoH$ Aënd`rZ _wbrda AË`mMma hmoVmV. bhmZ bhmZ Zm~m{bH$ _wbm§daAË`mMma hmoVmV. _{hbm§da AË`mMma hmoVmV. nU Ë`m§À`m ì`Wm _m§S>m`bm H$moUr V`ma Zmhr. Ë`m§MoH$moUr EoH$m`bm V`ma Zmhr. AZoH$ _{hbm _§S>i ñWmnZ Ho$bobo AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmV. nU Hw$R>ohrAÝ`m` Am{U AË`mMma Pmbm H$s, Va `m _{hbm _§S>idmë`m ñÌr`m Hw$R>ohr H$moUVmhr _moMm© ZmhrH$moUVo Am§XmobZ H$aV Zmhr.gJio _wJ {JiyZ ~gVmV. AmVmn`©§V AZoH$ AË`mMma Pmbo. nU EH$hr_{hbm§Mr g§KQ>Um§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVbm Zmhr, H$s Ë`m§Mr Hw$R>ë`mhr nÜXVrZo Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Ë`mgagmdë`m Zmhr. {OH$S>o _mb {VH$S>o Vmb Aer AdñWm Pmbobr Amho. ZwgË`mM _{hbm§gmR>r Ë`m§À`mZmdo g§KQ>Zm ZwgË`mM ZmdmgmR>r ZwgVoM _{hbmg~brH$aUmgmR>r AmO pñÌ`mM§ pñÌ`m§Zm g_OyZ KoVZgboë`m AmnUmg {XgyZ òVmV. Am{U EImÚm Zdè`mZo ~m`H$mobm ZwgVo, _mabo Oar Agob Am{U VrñÌr Ë`m {deof g§ñWoH$S>o Joë`m H$s bJoM MmO©erQ> R>adb§ Ë`m ñÌr`mÀ`m Zdè`mMo OJZo _wíH$sbH$ê$Z Q>mH$VmV. `m _{hbm _§S>idmë`m pñÌ`m§Zm Zdè`mZo _maboë`m doXZm OmUdVmV. Va AË`mMmaJ«ñV ñÌr`m bhmZ _wbr `m§À`m doXZm H$m {XgV ZgVrb? H$m `m§Zmhr Jßn ~gÊ`mMo bnyZ-N>nyZ n¡go{_iVmV H$s H$m` ! ^maVmMo n§VàYmZ gm§JVmV H$s, "~oQ>r nT>mAmo ~oQ>r ~MmAmo' _wbrbm {eH$dm`bmgJio V`ma AmhoV, nU Ë`m§Zm dmMdÊ`mMr {Oå_oXmar H$moUmMr Amho H$s Zmhr, ZwgVo åhQ>bo Va hmoVZmhr Va Ë`m {XeoZo R>mog nmdbo CMbmdr bmJVmV Am{U AË`mMma H$aUmè`m§Zm H$R>moamVbr H$R>moa{ejm Ë`m§Zm H$amdr bmJob. OoUo H$ê$Z AË`mMma J«ñVm§Zm Ý`mZ {_iob d B§Q>aZoQ>darb nm°Z© dAíbrb Aem gmB©Q>da H|$ÐgaH$maZo Ë`mMo Xþîn[aUm_ bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m gmB©Q>da ~§Xr AmUmdr bmJobd hr ~§Xr AmUbr Va§M _wbtdarb, ñÌr`m§darb ho g§H$Q> Q>iw eHo$b. H$m`ÚmMr `mo½` VerA§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mV `mdr. JwÝhoJmambm {ejm Va {_imbr Va gm_mÝ` `m KQ>Zodarb {dídmgamhrb d AmnU Agwa{jV ZmhrV Agm Ë`m§Mm {dídmg Xÿa hmoB©b.

AmO Amnbr hr Or ñÌr eŠVr Amho Vr AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr Pmbr Amho. Vro g§nyU© nmíMmË`g§ñH¥$VrMo AZwH$aU Ho$bo Amho. Amnbm Y_© {VZo gmoS>ë`m_wio d gw{e{jV AgyZhr A{e{jV gmaIodmJë`m_wio H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rMr OmUrd Z R>odë`mZo d Mm§Jbo H$m` d dmB©Q> H$m`? `mMr Ë`m§ZmVwbZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio ho gd© AmOÀ`m ñÌr`m§Zm AÝ`m` d AË`mMmam§Zm gm_moao OmdobmJVo Amho. ñÌr ñdV: Vo H$ê$ eH$Vo nU {Vbm {VÀ`mVë`m JwUm§Mr OmUrd Zgë`mZo ho gd© AZW© hmoVAmhoV. Aer hr AmOMr ñÌr eŠVr.

&& 47 &&

9. _{h_m ñÌr eŠVr- amo{hZr a_oe _hmOZ, ~r.H$m°_. V¥Vr` df©

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&& 48 &&

BË`mXr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zr _wbtZm {eH$dÊ`mg àma§^ Ho$bm. `mV Ë`m§Mm AË`§V _hËËdmMm dmQ>mAmho. ñÌr hr {d{dY ^y{_H$m nma nmS>V AgVo. H$moUmMr AmB© AgVo. H$moUmMr ~hrU AgVo. H$moUmMr~m`H$mo AgVo. H$moUmMr _wbJr AgVo. AmO pñÌ`m§Zm 50% AmajU Amho. Agm EH$hr joÌ Zmhr {VWoñÌr Zmhr. ñÌr hr àËòH$ joÌmV èñdrnUo H$m`©aV Amho. n{hë`m _mOr amï´>nVr à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rbAmhoV. ñÌr hr OÝ_mbm Amë`mZ§Va _wbJro. AmB©-d{S>bm§H$S>o 20 qH$dm 22 d`n`ªV amhVo. Z§Va Vrb½Z H$ê$Z gmgar OmVo. ñÌr hr XmoZ Kam§Zm OmoS>Vo. ZdrZ _mUgo OmoS>Vo. Ë`mZ§Va Vr AmB©Mr ^w{_H$mnma nmS>Vo. ñÌr hr KamM§ Z§XZdZ H$aV AgVo. Aer EH$hr Jmoï>Zmhr Or ñÌr H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. nwamU,nmoVr `mV ñÌrbm AË`§V _mobmMo ñWmZ {Xbo Amho. ñÌr {edm` g§gma hmoU AeŠ` Jmoï> Amho. Vrg§gmamMm JmS>m AmoT>V AgVo. ñÌr eŠVrM AË`§V _mobmMo CXmhaU Vwåhmbm gm§JUma Amho. AmR>~m`H$m{_iyZ Xhm ~m`-~m` À`m ImobrV 300 ê$ EH$Ì {_iyZ {bÁOV nmnS>Mm ì`dgm` gwê$ Ho$bm. gÜ`m `m~m`H$m§Zr {_iyZ gwê$ Ho$boë`m ì`dgm`mMm CbmT>mb 300 H$moQ>r Amho. `m CXmhaUmdê$Z Vwåhmbmg_Obo AgobM ñÌr hr _ZmV Amë`mda H$m` H$ê$ eH$Vo. Kambm KanU XoUmar _mUgo hr ñÌrM EH$mgmIir_Üò OmoS>y eH$Vo. H$moUVmhr _mUwg EH$X_ lr_§V hmoV ZgVmo. Am`wî`mV àËòH$mbm Struggal

hm H$amdmM bmJVmo. Vo åhUVmV Zm àËòH$ èñdr nwê$fm§À`m _mJo hr EH$ ñÌrMmM hmV AgVmo. {OWo ñÌrhr AmZ§Xr Amho {VMm gå_mZ Ho$bm OmoVmo. {VWo bú_r Ë`m KamV ~iH$Q>AgVo. ì`dñWrV Ka gm§^miUhr \$ŠV ñÌrM H$ê$ eH$Vo, AÝ`Wm H$moUrhr Zmhr. _r ho dmŠ` EH$m ZmQ>H$mV n{hbo Vo gm§JUma Amho. ñÌreŠVrM gw§Xa CXmhaU Amho. EH$ d{S>b Vrbm _wbJr Pmbr åhUwZ gm§^mim`bm ZmH$maVmo AOyZ EH$_moR>r _wbJr AgVo. Vr {VÀ`m d{S>bm§Zm Ago åhUVo nßnm Aer H$moUVr Jmoï> Amho H$s Oo _wb H$ê$eH$VmV, _wbr Zmhr. _r Vwåhmbm _wbJm ~ZdyZ XmIdob åhUOo _wb§gmaI§ _moR> hmoD$Z XmIdrZ hoEoH$ë`mda d{S>b Ë`m _wbrbm g§^mim`bm V`ma hmoVmV. Oímm B§{Xam Jm§Yr ñÌr AgyZ ^maVmÀ`mn§VàYmZ hmoË`m VgoM gamo{OZr Zm`Sy>. A{hë`m~mB© hmoiH$a `m§Zr H$igy~mB© Mo {eIa C^maÊ`mg`m§Mm AË`§V _mobmMm dmQ>m Amho. grVo_wio am_mÙ KS>bo. AmB©M _wbmMo g§JmonU H$aV AgVo. ñÌrZoMXmZdmMm {dZme Ho$bm. Kambm d§e hm \$ŠV ñÌrM XoD$ eH$VoAÝ`Wm H$moUrhr XoD$ eH$V Zmhr. _wbmbmMm§Jbo g§ñH$ma XoÊ`mMm H$m_ AmB©M H$aV AgVo. ñÌr hr gwI Am{U Xþ:I XmoÝhr ghZ H$aVo. OgoOodUmbm {_R>m{edm` Md Zmhr, VgoM ñÌr{edm` OrdUmbm Md Zmhr. ñÌr hr gmgar OmV AgVmZmbú_rÀ`m ê$nmZo OmV AgVo. Ka ì`dñWrV MmbdÊ`mMm {dËV IM© hr ñÌrM Mm§Jë`m nÜXVrZo H$ê$eH$Vo. ñÌr BVH$s ghZ{ebVm nwê$fmV ZgVo. Mm§Jë`m qH$dm dmB©Q> Aem XmoÝhr n[apñWVrV ñÌr hrH$YrM gmW gmoS>V Zmhr I§~ranUo, R>m_nUo C^r amhVo. òUmè`m àËòH$ g_ñòbm, g§H$Q>mbm ñÌrbmVm§oS>Úmdo bmJVo. {XbrnHw$_ma-d¡O§Vr_mbmÀ`m "_Yw_Vr ' `m {MÌnQ>mZ ñÌrÀ`m ào_mbm AmUIr _moR>çmC§Mrda ZoD$Z R>odbo. gËVamÀ`m XeH$mZ§Va ñÌràYmZ {MÌnQ>m§Mr bmQ>M Ambr. Ë`mV ho_m_m{bZrMm"grVm Am¡a {JVm', "~m°~r', "JwÈ>r' d _amR>rVrb C§~aQ>m ho {MÌnQ> CëboIZr` R>abo. ñÌr C§~aQ>mAmobm§Sy>Z ~mhoa nS>ë`mMm hm H$mi hmoVm. ^m^r H$s Mw{S>̀ m gma»`m {MÌnQ>mVyZ g§gmam_Üò aVbobr ñÌrXmI[dÊ`mV Ambr. ñÌr Ë`mJ, Z_«Vm, lÜXm d gwOmUnUm `mMr _wVu Amho. Vr H$moUË`mM ~m~VrV H$_rZmhr. nma§nm[aH$[aË`m nwê$fm§Mr g_Obr OmUmar joÌo _{hbm H$m~rO H$aV Amho.

&& 49 &&

PmerMr amUr bú_r~mB©, Vmam~mB© qeXo, gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§À`m nmdbmda nmD$b R>oD$Z _ram~moIUH$a, A§Ow Om°O©, H$ënZm Mmdbm, gm{Z`m _{Pm© `m _{hbm Amnmnë`m joÌmV H$V©wËd JmOdVAmhoV. VgoM nmobrg, bîH$ar Xb `m~amo~a [ajm Q´>H$ MmbdZo noQ´>mobn§nmda noQ´>mob âÊ`mMo H$m_H$aUo, ~g H§$S>ŠQ>a, nÌH$m[aVm hr joÌo gwÕm _{hbm§Zr H$m~rO Ho$br AmhoV. gÜ`m ^maVmV _moR>çmnXm§da H$m`©aV Agboë`m _{hbm AmhoV. AmVmM amï´>Hw$b ñnYm©_Üò ^maVr` _{hbm§Mr H$m_{JarCëboI{Z` Amho.

_{hbm§Zr gmYbobr àJVrMm WmoS>Š`mV àdmg 1950 _Üò ào_ _m`wa `m§Zm ^maVmVrbn{hë`m ì`mdgm{`H$ _{hbm d¡_{ZH$ hmoÊ`mMm _mZ, gwMoVm H¥$nobm§Zr `m§Zr ^maVmVrb n{hë`m_w»`_§Ìr hmoÊ`mMm _mZ, ^maVr` nmo{bg godoV A{YH$mar nXmda {H$aU ~oXr `moMr {ZdS>nmobrg godoVA{YH$mar nXmda XmIb Pmboë`m n{hë`m _{hbm, _Xa Voaogm `m§Zm em§VVoMm Zmo~ob nwañH$ma Omhra,^maVmVrb g¡Ý` XbmV _{hbm§Mm àdoe, bVm _§JoímH$a `m§Zm ^maVaËZ {H$Vm~, ^maVmV ñWm{ZH$ñdamÁ` g§ñWoV 50% AmajU.

ñÌr Am{U nwê$f `m§À`mV Ho$di earaôX Zmhr Va ñÌr A{YH$ g§doXZerb, lÕmd§V Amho,{Vbm XodËdmMo ApñVËd A{YH$ OmUdVo. AmB©Mr d ào_mMr _hVr 1957-67 `m XeH$mÀ`m gwê$dmVrbmàX{e©V Pmboë`m "_Xa B§{S>̀ m' `m _oh~y~ ImZ {X½X{e©V {MÌnQ>mZo AmB©Mr _hVr Jm`br. ZJug XËV`m§À`m A{dñ_aUr` A{^`mZ hm {MÌnQ>ñÌrbm Iwn _moR>m H$ê$Z Jobm. _rZmHw$_mar d Jwê$XÎm `m§À`mgmh~, ~r~r Am¡a Jwbm_ `m {MÌnQ>mVyZ ñÌrÀ`m AZoH$ ì`Wm§Mo {MÌrH$aU H$aÊ`mV Amb. nwê$fmMobú` _mÌ ^m¡{VH$VoH$S>o, OS>Ëdmda A{YH$ma JmO{dÊ`mH$S>o A{YH$ AgVo. Zdè`mbm CXoS> Am`wî`bm^md§ åhUyZ ñÌr`m Cndmg H$aVmV. dQ>nmo{U©_m, H$admMm¡W, {edamÌ Am{XM {MÌU Am{U CXmÎmrH$aU`m {MÌnQ>mVyZ nmhm`bm {_iob.

&& 50 &&

Vwbm _mabr _r bmW Oam H$idibrg_mPm XþImdbm nm` {H$Vr hihibrgOam CMbbm S>moim {H$Vr bdbdbrg_mÂ`m nwéfr _Zmbm Aer gdo bmdbrgZH$mo hmoD$g dmKrU h[aUhr ZH$mo amhÿnhm Q>mH$bm _r ~mU

10. ~Xb Am{U ñÌr- g§{Xn gw^mfamd gwadgo, ~r.H$m°_. V¥Vr` df©

AmO g_mOmV ñÌr OmJ¥Vr H$aUo \$ma _hËËdmMo Pmbo Amho. H$maU ZwH$Ë`mM H$mhr {XdgmnyduñÌr ^«yU gmaIr dmB©Q>~mV_r àgaU nmdVr hmoVr. AmO g_mOmbm ñÌrMo _hËËd(Abortion) (Viral)

nQ>dyZ XoUo \$ma JaOoMo Pmbo Amho. AmOhr ~è`mMm {R>H$mUr _wbm-_wbr_Üò ôX^md Ho$bm OmVmo H$maUË`m§Zm dmQ>V§ _wbJm d§emMm {Xdm Amho Am{U _wbJr hr naYZ Amho. øm_wio H$mhr bmoH$ Agm XþOm ^mdH$aVmV.

_Ü`§Var ìhm°Q>²gAn da EH$ Iwn N>mZ _¡goO \$m°adS>© hmoV hmoVm. Vmo _¡goO Agm hmoVm(Viral)

H$s EH$ Hw$Qy>§~ AgV Ë`m_Üò {VZ ^mD$ Am{U Ë`m§Zm EH$ ~{hU AgVo. AmB©-dS>rb _wbrM§ WmoS>{ejUhmoV Am{U {Vbm {ddmhm~Õ H$ê$Z Q>mH$VmV. _wbm§Zm Iwn N>mZ {eH$dVmV EH$ Va gm°âQ>doAa B§{O{ZAahmoD$Z A_o[aHo$bm amhVmo. Vmo {VWoM b½Z H$ê$Z Amnbr goQ>b_|Q> H$ê$Z KoVmo Am{U EH$ _w§~B© EH$H$bH$Îmm òWo goQ>ëS>hmoVm. EH$ {Xder AMmZH$ Ë`m _wbm§À`m AmB©Mo XþIm`bm bmJVo Va ~m~mbm dmQ>VMbm Amnë`m _wbm§Zm \$moZ H$ê$Z BbmO H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~mobdyZ ¿`mdo. Vo Amnë`m A_o[aHo$V Agboë`m_wbmbm \$moZ H$aVmV d _wbmbm gm§JVmV {H$ VwÂ`m AmB©Mo Iwn XþIV: Amho Vw bdH$a ò Ë`mda Vmo_wbJm åhUVmo ~m~ {_ AmÎmm Va Ambmo AmVm _mPr Q´>o{ZJ gwê$ Pmbr Amho {_ H$mhr Pmbo Var EH$ df© òD$eH$V Zmhr d{S>bm§Zm dmB©Q> dmQ>bo na§Vw AmUIr XmoZ _wbm§À`m Amem {Od§V hmoË`m Z§Va Vo Xþgè`m_wbmbm \$moZ H$aVmV. Va Vmo _wbJm åhUVmo ~m~m _bm doi Zmhr Vwåhr {Vgè`m _wbmbm \$moZ H$am. ~m~m{Zame hmoD$Z {Vgè`m _wbmbm \$moZ H$aVmV. Ë`mbm n[apñWVV g_OmdyZ gm§JVmV Vmo åhUVmo ~m~m_bm òVm òUma Zmhr {_ AmVm Va goQ²>ëS> Pmbmo Amho. dmQ>b§ Va n¡go nmR>dyZ XoVmo Vwåhr(Settled)

{dbmO H$ê$Z ¿`m. Ë`mZ§Va ~m~mH$S>o EH$ Am°ßeZ Cabob§ AgV Vo åhUOo Ë`m§Mr _wbJr ~m~m _wbrbm\$moZ bmdbmV d AmB©À`m Vãò{V{df`r gm§JVmV _wbJr bJoMM åhUVo ~m~m Vwåhr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$m_r Am{U _mPo n{V bJoMM {VWo nmohmoMVmo. Ë`mZ§Va ~m~mbm AmZ§X hmoVmo _wbJr d Ë`m§Mo OmdB© òD$ZË`m AmB©Mm BbmO H$aVmV. Va ~Km {_Ìm§Zmo òWo {VZ _wb _moR>-_moR>çm nmoñQ>a AgyZ XoIrb òVZgVrb Va H$m` H$am`Mm d§embm {Xdm Ë`m nojm ôX^md gmoSy>Z _wbm-_wbtZm g_mZ dmJUyH$ Úm.

_bm dmQ>V Amnë`m Xoem_Üò B{Vhmg H$mbrZ Am{U AmYw{ZH$ pñÌMo Iwn _moR>o `moJXmZ Amho.gwê$dmV hmoVo ñdamÁ` g§ñWmnH$ N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO `m§Mr AmB© _m± {OOmD$ nmgwZ. B{VhmgmVAmnU dmMbM Agob {H$ _m± {OOmD$ øm {edam`m§Zm Amnë`m Odi ~gdyZ am_mÙ, _hm^maV `mH$Wm gm§JyZ Ë`m§da Ym{_©H$ d dmJUyH$sMo g§ñH$ma OS>dV hmoË`m. {OOm _mVoÀ`m `m g§ñH$mam_wio amOonañÌrbm _mVo g_mZ dmJUyH$ Úm`Mo EodT>o `wÕ Pmbo AZoH$ _wJbemhrVrb ~mXemh _maboJobo.Ë`m§À`m \$ŠV ~m`H$m Caë`m na§Vw `m OmZVm amOmZo Ë`m§Zm gÝ_mZ {Xbm H$m Va _m± gmho~m§Mog§ñH$ma Ë`m§À`m `m _mobmÀ`m dmQ>o_wio Va hm _hmamï´>_wëI ñdV§Ì Pmbm d ñdamÁ`mMo VmoaU ~m§YboJobo `mdê$Z Ago {gÕ hmoVo {H$ pñÌ-eŠVr hr Anma Amho. _ZmV AmUb Va pñÌ`m øm H$mhrhr H$ê$eH$VmV.

&& 51 &&

gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Zr {ejUmMm dgm KoVbm `m_wio pñÌ`m AmO nwê$fm§~amo~a Hw$R>ohr Im§XmbmdyZ H$m_ H$aV AmhoV. Va pñÌ`m§Zr gm{dÌr~mB©§Mm AmXe© R>odyZ H$m_ Ho$bo nm{hOo. {_ EH$m {R>H$mUr_{hboMo ^mfU EoH$bo Ë`m _{hbm åhUmë`m {H$ gm{dÌr~mB© \w$b|Zr Oo Vwåhmbm {ejU {Xbo Vo _oH$AnH$ê$Z Kw_Ý`m {\$aÊ`mgmR>r Zmhr {Xbo Vwåhmbm Vw_Mo H$m`© d gm_m{OH$ H$m`© H$aVm `m`bm nm{hOo.gm{dÌr~mBªZr ñdV:IñVm Imë`m na§Vw pñÌ`m§Zm {ejU XodyZ ñdm{^_mZmZo OJm`bm {eH$dbo.

AmVm amOH$s` pñÌ`m§Mm åhUOo pñÌ-eŠVrMm Iwn _moR>m dmQ>m Amho Xoe KS>dÊ`mgmR>ramO{H$` dmQ>Mmb gwê$ hmoVo {V _{hbm n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zr XoIrb XoemgmR>r Iwn `moJXmZ {Xbod XoemV amO[H$` dmVmdaUmVyZ ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUbm Ogo {H$ 14 ~±H$mMo amï´>r`H$aU, Am{U~mUrKmo{fV H$aUo Ago AZoH$ H$m`© nma nmS>bo.

VgoM `wdm pñÌ`m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd AgUmè`m gm¡. gw{à`m VmB© gwio `m§Zr Va _{hbm§gmR>r AZoH$`moOZm am~dë`m AmhoV. pñÌ^«wU hËòbm Amim KmbÊ`mgmR>r gw{à`mVmB© gwi|Mo _moR>o `moJXmZ Amho.VgoM Ë`m§Zm g§gX nQy>nwañH$mahr àmßV Pmbobm Amho. åhUOo `m _{hbm amOH$maUmVyZ Xoembm KS>dyeH$VmV AZoH$ _{hbm§Zm amOH$maUmV _mZ {_iV Amho: Ogo XoemÀ`m n{hë`m amï´>nVr à{V^mVmB©nmQ>rb, n{hë`m _{hbm g^mnVr {_am Hw$_ma Am{X gÜ`m amOH$maUm_Üò _{hbm§Zm 33% AmajU Amho.Ë`m_wio pñÌ`m Amnë`m pñÌ eŠVrMm dmna amOH$maUmVyZ H$ê$Z XoemgmR>r g_mO H$maU H$ê$ eH$VmV.

ZwH$Ë`mM Pmboë`m 2014 À`m _Üò Bam qgKb ZmdmMr _wbJr àW_ Ambr Amho.U.P.B.C.

{deof åhUOo WmoS>o An§JËd AgyZhr Bam qgKb Zo ho èmMo {eIa JmR>bo Amho. `mZ§Va AmUIr XmoZ_wbr øm n[ajo_Üò Q>m°na AmhoV. øm_Üò EH$ hmoVr n¡gm hmoVm ½b°_a nmoñQ>hmoVrU.P.B.C. M.B.B.S.

na§Vw g_mOH$m`© àemgH$s` godoVyZ H$aVm `mdo åhUyZ {VZo H¥°$H$ Ho$br d AmVm øm {VÝhrU.P.S.C.

_wbr Amnë`mbm nX{dMm d nXmMm dmna H$ê$Z g_mOmgmR>r g_mOgodm H$ê$ eH$VmV.AmOH$mb _{hbm§Zr àJVr H$aUo d Xoegodm H$aUo JaOoMo Amho {H$ M§Xm H$moMa ZmdmMr _{hbm

~±Ho$_Üò ŠbH©$ åhUyZ bmJbr hmoVr nU hþema Am{U H$V¥©Ëda AmO hr _{hbm ~±Ho$Mr AÜ`jI.C.E

Amho. AmOH$mb g_mOmV pñÌ`m§da ~aoM AmË`mMma hmoV AmhoV d `m AmË`mMmambm Wm§~dÊ`mgmR>r nwT>ogagmdUo JaOoMoAmho H$maU AmO hr ^maVmV _w»`Vm {Xëbr, {~hma, CËVaàXoe Aem amÁ`m§_Üò{Xdgm _{hbm§da AË`mMma hmoVmZr {XgVmV. Ë`m_wio _wbtZr àemgH$s` godoV nwT>mH$ma KodyZ pñÌeŠVrMm d pñÌ`m§gmo~V Ago H$mhr ^ŠH$_ H$m`Xo AmhoV Ë`m H$m`Úm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z pñÌ`m§Mo ajU Ho$boOmD$ eH$Vo.

OmVm-OmVm WmoS>g gm§Jmdo dmQ>Vo {H$ AmOH$mbÀ`m _wbtZm OmñV g§ñH$mamda â XodyZ{OdZmMr dmQ>Mmb R>odmdr H$maU _wbtH$Sy>ZM {nT>r KSy> hr eH$Vo d {~KSy> hr eH$Vo. Ë`m_wio _wqbZmAmnë`mH$Sy>Z OodT>o `moJXmZ hmoVo VodT>o XoegodogmR>r dmnamdo.

&& 52 &&

11. ñÌr hr Ë`mJmMr _yVu Amho

- ApídZr H¡$bmg H$dS>o, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

^maVr` VËdmZwgma ApñVËdmÀ`m {ÌH$moUmÀ`m nm`mÀ`m gw{dYm d g_¥Õr XoUmar bú_rXþgè`m Q>moH$mbm eŠVr XoUmar _hmH$mbr, XþJm© Am{U {ÌH$moUmÀ`m {eamoq~Xþ_Üò kmZ H$ënZm XoUmar_hmgañdVr. Aem àH$mao `m {VZ eŠVtZm _hmH$mbr, _hmbú_r,_hmgañdVr Ago ñWmZ {Xbobo Amho.nwOm Oar nwê$f X¡dVmMr Ho$br OmV Agbr Var MMm© hmoVo. Vr Ë`m§À`m eŠVrMr Ë`m§À`m Agboë`m ñÌreŠVrMr ñÌr Am{U nwê$f Ë`m§À`mV Ho$di eara ôX Zmhr. Va ñÌr A{YH$ g§doXZerb, lÕmd§V Amho.{Vbm XodVmMo ApñVËd A{YH$ OmUdVo. nwê$fmMo bj _mÌ ^m¡{VH$VoH$S>o OS>Ëdmda A{YH$maJmO{dÊ`mH$S>o A{YH$ AgVo.

ñÌr Ë`mJ Z_«Vm, lÕm d gwOmUnUm `mMr _yVu Amho

Vr H$moUmÀ`mM ~m~VrV H$_r Zmhr

nma§nm[aH$[aË`m nwê$fm§Mr g_Obr OmUmar joÌo _{hbm H$m~rO H$aV Amho.

AmH$membm JdgUr KmbUmar Pon 1991-2010 ñdV… À`m nm`mda C^r am{hbobr ñÌr AmVmnwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdyZ H$m_ H$ê$ bmJbr Amho. ApñVËd gma»`m {MÌnQ>m_YyZ {VZ _wbmbmOÝ_ XoÊ`mÀ`m A{YH$mam ~Xb ^mî` H$aÊ`mgmR>r gwê$dmV Ho$br H$m°boO_Üò OmUmar Zm¡H$arì`dgm`mV A{YH$manX ^yf{dUmar ñÌr AZoH$ {MÌnQ>m_YyZ {Xgy bmJbr hŠH$ _mJÊ`mnojm {_imboboA{YH$ma Cn^moJVmZMr {VMr ñdßZ {MÌnQ>m ~amo~a g_mOmV {XgyZ Ambo Amho. pñÌ`m§Mo àíZ hmVmiboJobo AmVmMr {VMr Pon AmH$membm JdgUr KmbUmarM Amho.

{d{dY joÌmV _wbr R>m_nUo nm` amodyZ Cä`m Agë`mMo {MÌ AmO Amho. Ë`m_wio AmOÀ`m _wbrH$gm {dMma H$aVmV. Ago _ZmV òVo Ë`mn¡H$s ho CXmhaU EH$!

g^modVmbr A§Yma Am{U Ñï>r AgyZhr A§Y Agboë`m g_mOmV Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ñdrH$maboHo$di ñdrH$mê$ZM Ë`m Wm§~ë`m ZmhrV Va ào_ Am{U {OÔrVyZ Ë`m§À`m A§YmamV hr àH$me_` g§gma\w$b{dbm Ñï>r {hVm§Zm nVr åhUyZ ñdrH$mê$Z `m ñÌr`m§Zr Zdg_mOmMr {Z_uVr Ho$br amÁ`mV AgoAg§»` g§gma AmhoV. pñÌ`m øm Amnë`m {Odmda n{Vbm OJdVmV. Var nU nVr Ë`m§Zm Ìmg XoVmV.Ë`m Ìmg nU ghZ H$ê$Z {OÔrZo g§gma H$aVmZm Ë`m nVrÀ`m _mambm qH$dm Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mbm {^VZmhr Va OJm`M H$go hr EH$ ñÌrbm g§H$Q>Amë`mZ§Va gm_Zm Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo H$aVm òVmo. Ë`mbmñÌr åhUVmV. g_mOmV Iwn pñÌ`m AmhoV, H$s ñdV… ZmoH$ar H$ê$Z g§gma H$aVmV. Ë`m pñÌ`m§Zm nVrZo{H$Vr nU Xþ:I {Xbo Var Ë`m Ag§M gVV gm§JVmV H$s Zdr Ñï>r hr nVr XoV AgVmo. Ago Ë`mA{^_mZmZo gm§JVmV.

&& 53 &&

12. B§ÐYZw Amåhr ZQ>dy

- {gVmn ^m½`lr JmoqdXamd, ~r.H$m°_. V¥Vr` df©

""Zm Om{Ubo H$moUr Xþ:I {VMo

Zm {Xbm H$Yr gÝ_mZ

AmO {Xbr Vr H$V©¥ËdmZ

{_i{dbm {VZo {VMm A{^_mZ''

IaM§ Amho nydu pñÌ`m§Zm Kam~mhoa nS>Ê`mg gwÜXm ~§Xr hmoVr. Mwb Am{U _wb EdT>M H$m_{Vbm hmoV. _Yë`m H$mimV n[apñWVr WmoS>r ~Xbbr åhUOoM {Vbm ñdV§ÌnUo OJVm òD$ bmJb. na§Vw{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ`m H$mimV EdT>r n«JVr Pmbr H$s Vr pñÌÀ`m dmQ>çmbm Xþ:I KoD$Z Ambr Á`mñÌr _wio OJ Amho {VbmM Zï>H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ `m V§ÌkmZmZo Ho$bm ZwgVm à`ËZM Zmhr Va _wbtZmZï> H$aÊ`mV Ambo. H$m? H$emgmR>r? {Vbm h§þS>m Úmdm bmJob åhUwZ {Vbm n¡gm bmJob åhUwZ,{H$VrVar ~m{bHo$Mm Ord KoÊ`mV Ambm nU gaH$mabm X`m Ambr Am{U hr A{Zï>àWm ~§X Pmbr Am{UAmO ñÌr {VÀ`m ~imda _moR>-_moR>çm nXmda nmohMbr Amho. Am{U ho gd© eŠ` Pmb Vo Vw_À`m-Am_À`m AmXe© H«$m§VrÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo _wio {ejUmMm _moVr ñÌr`m§À`m _ZmV ê$OdyZ Ë`m§Zmg_mOmV _mZ {_idwZ XoÊ`mM _hmZ H$m`© `m _mVog Ho$b§ Á`m_wio AmO pñÌ`m§Zm A{^_mZmZo OJVmòV Amho. AmOMr ñÌr àËòH$ joÌmV _J Vo H$moQ>m©V Agmo, ~±Ho$V AWdm nmobrg ImË`mV àËòH$ joÌmVVr nwê$fm§À`m ~amo~arZo H$m_ H$aVo. ñÌrÀ`m gm_Ï`m©V EdT>r eŠVr Amho H$s Oa {VZo R>adb Va VrPmerMr amUr hmoD$Z Xþï>m§Mm g§hma H$ê$ eH$Vo Am{U gm{dÌr hmodwZ {H$ËòH$m§Zm _mUgmV AmUw eH$Vo.

na§Vy AmOXoIrb AmnU H$mhr ^mJmV ~KVmo H$s pñÌ`m§Zm g§nwU© ñdmV§Í` Zmhr {_imb AmOhrVr g_mOmÀ`m YmH$mV Amho. EH$sH$S>o H$mhr pñÌ`m Amnb H$V¥Ëd XmIdyZ Zmd bm¡H$sH$ H$aV AmhoV.{VWoM XþgarH$S>o _{hbm§Zm AZoH$ AS>MUtZm gm_moao Omd bmJV Amho. IoS>çmnmS>çmVë`m _wbr AOwZhrajUmnmgyZ d§{MV AmhoV. ~a§! ñÌr åhUOo Zo_H$ H$m`? g åhUOo ghZerb, gÁOZer, gmhgr Ago{ÌJwU {OÀ`m A§Jr Amho {Vbm åhUVmV ñÌr ho JwU àËòH$sÀ`m A§Jr AgVmV. nU H$moUr Vo Amnë`mH$V¥©Ëdmda XmIdyZ XoVmV Va H$moUmMo \$ŠV A§YH$mamV amhVmV. AmO AmnU ~KVmo EH$ ñÌr S>m°ŠQ>a,B§{OZà, CËH¥$ï>J¥{hUr åhUwZ Amnmnë`m joÌmV CËH¥$ï>H$m`© H$aVmZm {XgVo. Amnë`m Xoem_ÜòñÌrbm Zoh_r ImbÀ`m ñVamMm XOm© {Xbm Amho ñÌr AOwZ Vmo gÝ_mZ àmßV H$ê$ eH$br Zmhr {OMr VrhŠH$Xma Amho Amnë`m XoemVM Zìho Va X{jU E{e`m gma»`m {R>H$mUr gwÕm _{hbm§gmo~V AË`mMmahmoVmZm {XgVmo.

AmOÀ`m pñÌ`m§g_moa H$mhr g_ñ`m AmhoV Á`m_wio {Vbm OrdZ ZH$mog dmQ>V. h§wS>m hr na§namgJi`mV _moR>r g_ñ`m Amho. hþ§S>çmÀ`m bmbMo nm`r AmO _mUyg _mUwgH$s {dgaV Mmbbm Amho.

&& 54 &&

ñÌr^w«U hË`m - AmO Amnë`m XoemV ñÌr^«wU hË`m OmñV à_mUmV {XgyZ òV hmoVr nUË`mda ~§Xr AmUbr åhUwZ R>rH$. VarnU AmOhr ñÌr ~rO Zï>H$aUmao H$mhr bmoH$ `m OJmV AmhoV.AmnU nonada dmMVmo H$s aoëdoÀ`m S>ã`mV XmoZ _wbr gmnS>çm hr ~mV_r Iar Amho _J H$m bmoH$ Ag§dmJVmV. ñÌr åhUOo g§H$Q> Amho H$m? na§Vy EdT>çm g§H$Q>m§Zm Z Ow_mZVm ñdV:À`m ~imda Zmdbm¡{H$H$ H$aVo` ñÌrMr AZoH$ ê$no AmhoV Am{U Ë`mà_mUoM {VMo H$m`© Amho.

AmH$memMr {Ziga ZdbmB© AmB© gmJamMr A\$mQ> JhamB© AmB© Aer AmB©Mr _{h_m JmB©brOmVo. eãX CÀMmamV àËòH$mbm Vr S>moù`mg_moa {XgVo. gH$mir CR>ë`mnmgyZ Vo amÌr Pmonon`ªV {VÀ`mS>moŠ`mV gmaIm Amnë`m boH$am§Mm, Zdè`mMm Am{U n[admamÀ`m gwImMm {dMma AgVmo. Vr {Xdgâam~Vo nU H$Yr Ìmg OmUdw XoV Zmhr.

nËZr-^maVr` g_mOmV n[admamV ñÌrM nËZr øm ê$nmM {deof Ago ñWmZ Amho. _hm^maVmVnËZr bm nwê$fmMr AmË_m, loð>{_Ì Am{U n[admamMm CÕma H$aUmar Ag åhQ>b Amho. ^maVr` g_mOmVñÌr nwê$fmÀ`m n{dÌ ~§YZmM à{VH$ åhUOo ~{hU-^mD$. bhmZnUmnmgyZMo gmWr, N>moQ>r Agob Va^mdmM ào_ {_iV Am{U _moR>r Agob Va ào_ Am{U AmXa XmoÝhr Jmoï>r àmßV H$aVo.

_wbJr-d{S>bm§Mm AmXe©, Ë`m§Mr BÁOV åhUOo _wbJr. ^maVr` g_mOmV _wbJm-_wbJr bmg_mZ ñWmZ. {Xb Amho na§Vw AmO bmoH$m§Zm _wbrnojm _wbJmM OmñV {à` Amho.

_¡Ìr-ñÌrM _¡{ÌU ho ê$n gm{hË` gw§Xa H$ënZoMm AmYma Amho. AemàH$mao ñÌrMo AZoH$doJdoJir ê$no AmhoV Am{U {VÀ`m àËòH$ ê$nmV EH$ doJir eŠVr Amho. Ë`mMmn¡H$s H$mhr Wmoa pñÌ`m§Mr_m{hVr _m§Sy>̀ mV

A§Vamidra H$ënZm Mmdbm _wimV ^maVmMr gwH$Ý`m Agë`mZo A§Vami àdmgmMm n{hbm_mZ EH$m ^maVr` _{hbobm {_iVmo` `mMm A{^_mZ àËòH$ ^maVr`mbm hmoVm. {VZo èñdr[aË`mA§VamimMm àdmg Ho$bm nU AH$mbr H$ënZmMm _¥Ë`w Pmbm na§Vw {VMo eãX Am{U H$m_{Jar AOam_aam{hbr. "ñdßZmH$S>wZ gË`mH$S>o OmUmam _mJ© ApñVËdmV Amho. \$ŠV Vmo emoYÊ`mMr Ñï>r Am{U Y¡`©Vw_À`m A§Jr Agm`bm hdo.'

Xþgar H$V©¥ËdmZ ñÌr åhUOo {ZYm©a_wVu {H$aU ~oXr. Mm _mZ {_idUmar Vr n{hbr ñÌrIPS

Amho. {H$aU ~oXr åhUVmV. pñÌ`m§Zr nwT>o òÊ`mgmR>r Am{U BÀN>meŠVr dmT>dm`bm hdr. Or ñÌr ñdV:{ZU©` KoVo Vr Ë`m {ZU©`mMo ~ao dmB©Q>n[aUm_ ^moJÊ`mgmR>r g_W© AgVo. AmË_gÝ_mZ hm OnVm Ambmnm{hOo. AZoH$ dmXim§Zm g_W©nUo Vm|S>XoUmar {H$aU ~oXr AZoH$m§Mr AmXe© Amho.

AmOÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ `wJmMr ñÌr - ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr nwê$fàYmZ Amho nU AmO Amnbrg§ñH¥$Vr nwê$f àYmZ AgwZ ñÌrbm g_mZVoMm XOm© {Xbm Amho. `mMo AZoH$ CXmhaU AmnU g_mOmV~KVmo. AmOÀ`m ñÌrZo àËòH$ joÌmV Amnbr Amnbr EH$ doJir AmoiI ~Zdbr Amho. Amnë`mg§ñH¥$VrV n[admamMm à_wI ^ma ñÌr à_wI åhUwZ nma nmS>VmZm {XgVo. nwdu ñÌrbm Xþgè`mdaAdb§~wZ ahmdo bmJV Ago. nU AmO ñÌr ñdmdb§~r ~Zbr Amho. AmOMr ñÌr gmja Agë`mZo Amnbm

&& 55 &&

A{YH$ma, H$V©ì` Am{U ^{dî`mÀ`m ~m~VrV OmJ¥V Pmbr Amho. AmOMr ñÌr àËòH$ joÌmV nwê$fmÀ`mg_moa Amho Ogo H$s amO{ZVr, d¡km{ZH$ gm{hË` joÌ Aem AZoH$ joÌmV nwT>o Amho `mMo CXmhaU åhUOogm`Zm Zohdmb, gw{ZVm {dë`_, à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb Aem AZoH$ pñÌ`m§Zr Amnbr AmoiI OJmbmXmIdyZ {Xbr Amho. AmO _{hbm§Zm 50% AmajU {Xb§ Amho Vo XoemÀ`m [dH$mgmgmR>r _hËdnyU© AmhoH$maU Oa _{hbm§Mm {dH$mg Pmbm VaM XoemMm {dH$mg hmoD$ eH$Vmo.

Aem àH$mao AmO AZoH$ pñÌ`m _moR>-_moR>çm nXmda nmohMë`m AmhoV. na§V Á`m pñÌ`mAOwZhr nwU©nUo ñdmV§Í` Zmhrò Aem§gmR>r AmVm à`ËZ H$am`bm hdo. ñÌrÀ`m gm_Ï`m©V Iwn eŠVrAmho. {VZo R>adb Va Vr OJ ~Xbw eH$Vo.

""Alw§À`m _J q~Xÿ q~XÿVyZ

B§ÐYZw Amåhr ZQ>dw

gwI Xþ:ImMo Kodw{Z YmJo

OrdZnQ>Am_wMm ZQ>dw.''

ñÌr eŠVrMm {dO` Agmo.

&& 56 &&

boH$ bmS>H$s `m KaMrhmoUma gyZ _r Ë`m KaMrho _mhoa gmga Vohr H$mer am_oída VoCOirVo H$ig Xmo KaMonm¡{U©_m nyU© M§ÐmMrhmoUma gyZ _r Ë`mKaMr

- J.{X._mS>JyiH$a

13. ñÌr {VMo Zmd Amho

- nm¡i d¡îUdr A§Hw$eamd, ~r.H$m°_. àW_ df©

Z gm§JVm ho H$io

A§VarMm CËH$Q>^md Amho

KS>dr XmoZ n[admamMo {_bZ

"ñÌr' VrMo Zmd Amho.

ñÌr åhUOo OJmMm ídmg ñÌr À`m ApñVËdm{edm` OrdZ ho AeŠ`M _J Aem ñÌr MoApñVËd {_Q>{dÊ`mgmR>r hm H$mi H$m CR>bm {VÀ`m {Odmda.

_wbJr OÝ_mbm òU§. nmn g_Obo OmVo. {VMm AmB©-d{S>bm§Zm AmoP dmQ>Vmo. _wbJr åhQ>b§ H$sË`m§Zm gd© ~mOwZo AS>MUr {XgVmV. Ag§ H$m` _hmnmn Ho$b§ {VZ§ H$s {Vbm OÝ_mbm òÊ`mAJmoXaM_maVm§Zr H$mhr dmQ>V Zmhr Ë`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Zmhr Vr AmB© {OZo Ë`m _wbrbm ZD$-_{hZo OrdmnmS>Onbo. \$ma bmS>rH$nUmUo gm§^mibo Am{U Vr _wbJr H$iVmM. \o$H$Vm§Zm {Vbm H$mhr dmQ>V Zgmd§ H$s?

Or AmOr Amnë`m KamV _wbJm OÝ_mbm `mdm. `mgmR>r XodmH$S>o. Zdg H$aVo. VrM AmOrH$Ý`maËZ OÝ_br åhUwZ ZmH$ _moS>Vo.

Á`mbm AmnU Iè`m AWm©Zo KamÊ`m§Mm dmagXma g_OVmo. d§emMm {Xdm _mZVmoV H$m VmoAmnbr O~m~Xmar Iè`m AWm©Zo nma nmS>Vmo? Ahmo Oa _wb§ Amnë`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Zm Mm§Jë`m àH$maogm§^miV AgVrb Va AmO Aml_ qH$dm AZmWmb` H$mT>Ê`mMr JaO ^mgbr ZgVr. _wbJr AgVoIè`m AWm©Zo {OdZmMm AmYma Vr Amnë`m _mhoar d gmgar Aímm XmoÝhr Kar _mòMm ào_mMm AmnwbH$sMm{Oìhmù`mMm OmJa CS>V AgVo. åhUwZ åhUVmV Zm _wbmnojm _wbJr ~ar àH$me XoVo XmoÝhr Kar AgoAgwZ XoIrbhr AmO _wbrbm H$_r boIbo OmVo. AmOMr ñÌr hr CÚmÀ`m OJmMr nËZr, AmB©, ~{hU AmhoAm{U {VbmM ZH$moer H$aVmb Va CÚmbm Amnë`m _wbmbm ~m`H$mo ~hrU Hw$Ry>Z AmUVmb. AhmoñÌrÀ`mM OrdUmda H$mi AmO CR>bm {VÀ`mM Va gm¢X`m©da g§gma Ë`mMm ZQ>bm.

_J H$m Aem ñÌr`m§Zm ^«wUhË`m H$ê$Z Aíbre H¥$Ë` H$ê$Z _mJo AmhmV? EdT>oM H$m` VaAmB© hr EH$ ñÌr AgwZ Vr EH$m _wbrÀ`m _Zmbm g_Pw eH$V Zmhr. J^©nmV H$aVmZm n§ImImbrPmH$boë`m Ë`m H$mo_bH$moH$amÀ`m AmdmOmZo {VÀ`m H$miOmbm VS>m H$m OmV Zgmdm. {VM§ `m gd©Jmoï>rbm {damoY H$aV§ Zgob Va _J gJi§Va XþaM§ Zm hmo Voìhm Ë`m ZH$moerbm H$m` dmQ>V§ Agmd§ Á`mAmB©Mm hmV nH$Sw>Z MmbÊ`mM§ _r ñdßZ nmhV Amho. {VZo _bm Ë`m {Zînmn {ZanamY ~mimMr à{VH«$s`mAerM Agob Zm hr.

AmB©......hr JmoS>~mob _mÂ`m AmoR>r JmoR>bo. S>moio CKSwZr, OÝ_Ý`m AmYrM _O ho _aU§ ôQ>bo.

&& 57 &&

_wbrbm gwI ôQ>V§ Var Ho$ìhm? OÝ_ë`m nmgwZ {VMm dUdmg gwê$ hmoVmo. Vo _aon`©§V Ia§ VaOÝ_mbm òÊ`mAJmoXM _maVmV Am{U EImXr OÝ_mbm Ambr. Var H$mbm§VamZo b½Z H$am`M§, OÝ_{Xboë`m AmB© d{S>bm§Zm gmoSy>Z H$moÊ`m Xþgè`m§À`m Kar OmD$Z amhmU§ nQ>V Zmhr hmo _Zmbm H$m Am_M§ZmV§ AmB© d{S>bm§er BVH§ doJi§ AgV§ H$m` hoM EH$m _wbrM§ Zer~ AgV§?

ñÌr hr AmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO Amho. AmOÀ`m H$mimV pñÌ`m øm nwê$fm§À`m ~amo~arZo àËòH$joÌmV dmdaVmZm {XgVmV. B{VhmgmV XoIrb pñÌ`m§Mm CëboI Pmobbm {XgVmo. nU AmOÀ`mn[apñWVrZwgma pñÌ`m§Mo KQ>Vo à_mU hr EH$ qMVoMr ~m~ Amho. pñÌ`mÀ`m KQ>Ë`m à_mUmMo _w»`m H$maUåhUOo AOwZhr g_mOmV AgUmè`m OwÝ`m [aVr na§nam VgoM _wbJr hr Am{W©H$ IMm©Moo H$maU åhUwZAmoiIr OmVo. `m_wio ñÌr à_mU KQ>V AgwZ `m§Mm Amnë`m Xoemda _hmamï´>mda VgoM _amR>dmS>çmda_moR>çm n[aUm_ hmoV Amho.

~XbË`m OmJmZwgma AmnUhr ~Xbbo nm{hOo. ñÌr ^«wU hË`m ñÌr`m darb AË`mMma hþ§S>m~irAem gd© Jmoï>r Hw$R>oVar Wm§~mì`mV `mgmR>r AmnU à`ËZ Ho$bm nm{hOo.

Ia§M Oa pñÌ`mdarb AË`mMma amoH$bo Jobo h§þS>m~ir g_whmZo Zï> Pmbr Va Amnbm Xoe{ZíMrVM ñÌr àYmZ hmoB©b.

Am{U H$moUË`mM ~mnmbm Amnbr _wbJr AmoP§ dmQ>Uma Zmhr.

Zmar h¡, _mVm Zmar AYm©{JZr, Zmar h¡ em§Vr H$r _waV H$amo CgH$s BÁÁV _V {_Q>mAmo CgH$sgwaV !

&& 58 &&

ór OÝ_ åhUdyZr Z ìhmd§o CXmg &gmYwg§Vm§ Eog| Ho$bo OZr &&1&&g§Vm§Mo KaMr Xmgr _r A§{H$br &{dR>mo~mZo {Xëhr ào_H$im &&2&&

- OZm~mB©

14. H$ir C_bVmZm- amo{hUr ZmWamd gmoi§Ho$, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

Pw§O eÌw§er XoÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`mJ Ho$bm gwImMm {ZVr g_Vobm Ý`m` XoD$Zr, {dídmg qOH$bma`VoMm ~mi {edam` nwU© KS>dwZ, {Xbm YS>m ñdamÁ`mMm ñdamÁ` g§H$ën AmJ Camer, Zmhr H$YrMe_br ñdamÁ`mMm gw`© CJ{dÊ`m _mVm {OOmD$ H$ï>br &&

AmB©, OÝ_XmÌr EH$ ~rO

nmoQ>mV ZD$ _{hZo OrdmnmS>o OnUmar. J^m©dñWoVrb AdKS>bonU, n«gddoX²Zm gmogUmar. hmS>m_mgmÀ`mJmoù`mbm _mUyg åhUyZ OÝ_ XoUmar. Ë`mbm ñVZnmZ H$ê$Z dmT>{dUmar Ë`mÀ`mda g§ñH$ma H$aUmarAmB©, àËòH$mMr XodVm.

"AmB© _mPm Jwê$, AmB© H$ënVê$,

gm¡»`mMm gmJê$, AmB© _mPr.'

ñdm_r {VÝhr OJmMm AmB©{dZm {^H$mar

Aem dMZm§Zr AmB©Mr _hVr dfm©Zwdf© gm§{JVbr OmVo. AmOhr AmB©bm nwOZr` _mZZmao bmoH$Agbo Var n[apñWVrV ~XbË`m H$mimZo ~Xb Pmbo AmhoV.

gÜ`m EHw$UM ì`ŠVr H|$Ðr, AmË_H|$Ðr, g_mO {Z_m©U hmoV Amho `m_Üò "_r, _mPo,_mÂ`mgmR>r' hr ñdmWu d¥ËVr dmT>br Amho. ñdV: n{bH$S>o BVa H$mhr nmhÊ`mMr BÀN>mM g§nV Ambr Amho.`m d¥ËVrMr ~mYm, AmB©-_wbmÀ`m ZmË`mbmhr hmody bmJë`mMo H$mhr KQ>Zm§dê$Z {XgVo Amho. ñdV:À`mg§gmamV a_ë`m Z§Va Á`m§Zr bhmZmMo _moR>o Ho$bo. Ë`m AmB©-dS>rbm§Zm dmè`mda gmoS>Umè`m§Mr g§»`mg_mOmV _moR>çm à_mUmda dmTy bmJbr Amho.

OÝ_moOÝ_rMr bm§KyZ Mm¡H$Q>

{OÔrZo KoVbrg C§M âmar

èpñdVoMo ~m§Ybog VmoaU

Zd ZdrZ `m {jVrOmdar.......

"ñÌr' åhQ>b§ H$s {VMr à{V_mM§ Amnë`m S>moù`mg_moa C^r amhVo. nwdu H$er ñÌr hr "Mwb Am{U_wb' BVH$sM _`m©{XV hmoVr. {Vbm {VÀ`m Mwbr{edm` _moH$irH$ ZìhVr Vr Zoh_rM Amnë`m g§gmamer{ZJS>rV Agm`Mr b½ZmMm H$mhr H$mi bmoQ>bm H$s _wbm§À`mV Vr a_wZ Om`Mr Aer Or ñÌr {Vbm Mwbr{edm` Am{U {VÀ`m _wbm{edm` _moH$irH$ ZìhVr {Vbm OmñV {eH$db§ hr OmV Zgo. H$maU {eH$ë`mU§dm`m OmVo. àËòH$ Kam_Üò pñÌMr ^w{_H$m hr nwê$fM§ ¿`m`Mm Ogm Amnbm Xoe hm H¥$fràYmZ AmhoVgmM nwê$fàYmZ hr _mZbm Om`Mm.

&& 59 &&

AmO doi Ambr`§ Vr Amnë`m gdmªda "boH$ dmMdm' åhUÊ`mMr H$m {Vbm _maVm` {Vbm hrhŠH$ Amho OJÊ`mMm {Vbm hr OJ nmhþ Úm, H$m {VÀ`m OdiwZ {VMm hŠH$ {hamdwZ KoVm`§. àËòH$nwê$fmbm AmB© hdr`§, nËZr hdr`, ~hrU hdr`, _J ~hrU H$m ZH$mo? Agm àíZ \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV{Z_m©U Pmbm Amho _wbJm åhUOo d§emMm {Xdm. _wbJr Pmbr Va Xþgè`mMo YZ hm Ý`wZJ§S>nwê$fm§à_mUoM pñÌ`m§_Üò hr _moR>çm à_mUmV Amho. _wbr J^m©VM _mê$Z Q>mH$Ê`mg pñÌ`m V`mahmoVm`.

g_mZVm, ñdV§ÌVm, bmoH$emhr `m VrZ g§H$ënZm gO©Zerb _mZd åhUwZ àËòH$mbm OrdZOJVm `mdo `mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AmhoV dJ©, OmVr, d§e `m§À`m OmoS>rbm {b§JôX nwê$fr dM©ñd øm OwÝ`m_wë`ì`dñWoMm An[ahm`© ^mJ hmoVm Ë`mMm \$m`Xm KoD$ZM emofU Mmbw R>odbo Jobo d nwê$fm§Mm {dH$mggwê$ am{hbm g§nÎmr, {ejU, amOH$maU gd©M gmYZo nwê$fm§À`m hmVr am{hbr. H$V©ì` Z¡g{J©H$ Y_©,H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ñdmñW, _mV¥Ëd, ào_ `m JmoS>g ZmdmImbr pñÌ`m ñdV:Mo Xþæ`_ ñWmZ pñdH$maV am{hë`mË`mV gmW©H$Vm _mZV am{hë`m.

ñÌr hr _wbm§Zm OÝ_ XoVo åhUwZ Vr gd©loð>Amho ho {dkmZ _mZVo. nU nwê$fm§Zm nwê$fàYmZg§ñH¥$Vr _Zwñ_¥VrMr Xm§[^H$Vm ñÌr`m§da bmXVo. pñÌ`m§Mm CÕmaH$ _hmË_m Á`mo{Vamd \w$bo `m§ZrñdV:À`m nËZrg {eH$dyZ _wbtZm {eH$dÊ`mg àmYmÝ` {Xbo. _{hbm§gmR>r {ejUmMo XadmOo Iwbo Ho$boAmOÀ`m pñÌ`m {eH$ë`m AmhoV Ë`m _hmË_m Á`mo{Vamd \w$bo d gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§À`m_wioM ^maVmMramï´>nVr, d¡_m{ZH$, nmobrg A{YH$mar, A§Vami{dam§JZm, d¡km{ZH$, amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ dJ¡aogm§gm[aH$ O~m~Xmè`m pñdH$mê$Z {d{dYm§Jr Zmd bm¡{H$H$ H$_mdVm§Zm {XgV AmhoV.

^maVmbm AZoH$ _mVm§Zr namH«$_r Ago gwnwÌ {Xbo. ñdV: hr namH« _ JmOdbo. Ogo: amï´>_mVm{OOmD$, A{hë`m~mB© hmoiH$a, amUr bú_r~mB©, Vmam~mB© qeXo Aem {damJZm§Zr aUm§JZo JmO{dbrnwê$f Za{dam§Zm Ywi Mmabr. noedmB©V _mÌ pñÌ`m§Mr _moR>çm à_mUmV {dQ>§~Zm Pmë`mMo XmIbo{_iVmV. AmnU Zoh_r åhUVmo {ed~m gmaIm nwÌ nwÝhm EH$Xm OÝ_mbm `m`bm hdm nU `mbm OÝ_mbmAmUUmar _mVm hr ñÌrM§ Va Ë`m AmYr {OOm_mVm OÝ_mbm `mdr bmJob.

"ñÌr hr ~§{XZr $öX`r nmÝhm Z`Zr nmUr, OÝ_mo OÝ_rMr H$hmZr' `m AmoiIrVyZ ñÌrModmñVdê$n Amnë`m ZOaoV òV§ H$maU ñÌr ~{hUrÀ`m ê$nmV _m`m XoVo. VgoM Vr "dmËgë` _wVu' AmB©hmoVo AZoH$ ^w{_H$m {Z^mdVmZm Hw$R>oM H$m_MwH$manUm {XgyZ òUma Zmhr gMmohrZo à`ËZ H$aUoH$moUVohr H$m_ _ZmVwZ H$aUo `m ñd^mdm_wio ñÌr`m AmO nwT>o AmhoV.

21ì`m eVH$mV g§JUH$mÀ`m `wJmV AmOÀ`m pñÌ`m§Zm Iwn ~Xb KS>dwZ AmUmdo bmJVrbH$maU am_mÙ _hm^maVmVwZ {edam`m§Zm KS>dUmè`m OrOm_mVm§Zm AmVm da bj ZWhat’s App

XoVm Amnë`m _wbm§Zm g§ñH$mamgmR>r OdiMm doi Úmdm bmJob H$maU bhmZmVrb bhmZ _wb§ ho _mo~mB©bH$m°åß`wQ>a da {d{dY {df`mda gM© H$aV Amho Am{U g§ñH$mamMm YS>m XoUmè`m AmB©Odi Vo {\$aH$VgwÕm Zmhr Amnë`m AmMaUmVwZ gmYZm ìhmdr Am{U {Za§Va gmYZoVwZ AmXe© KS>mdoV `mgmR>r AmB© hrn[a{g_m AgVo H$maU _wbm§Zm g§ñH$ma XoVmZm Vr Hw$R>o H$_r nS>y Zò H$maU nXmonXr _wb ~mhoa nS>VmM

&& 60 &&

dmB©Q>àd¥Îmr, Jmoï>r Or Ë`m§Mr dmQ>M nmhV AgVmV. Aem øm n[apñWbm AmOÀ`m AmB©bm Amnbm _wbJmgwg§ñH marV KS>dUo hr gMmohrM Amho. H$maU g§ñH$mamM {dÚm{nR>ho AmB©M AgVo. Amnë`m _mV¥ËdmÀ`mqgMZmVwZ g_mOmV AmXe© ZmJ[aH$ KS>dÊ`mM H$m_ AmB©bm H$amd§ bmJV§ _mV¥ËdmMm AZw^d KoD$ZñÌr AmO ZoV¥Ëd H$aVo KamM KanU {Q>H$dVo. Hw$Qw>§~mV ghMm[aUr ~ZVo. AmOM {dIwaUmao Hw$Qy>§~{Q>H$dUmar ñÌrM loð> AgVo. H$maU Hw$Qy>§~ {Q>H$bo Va Xoe, g_mO {Q>Ho$b d Xoe g_mO {Q>H$bm Vag§ñH¥$Vr {Q>Ho$b åhUyZ g_mOmMo ^bo hmoÊ`mgmR>r {VZo dV©_mZ H$mimMo ^mZ R>odyZ _mV¥Ëd pñdH$mamdo.H$mimÀ`m JaOoZwgma "ñÌr ^«wUhË`m' _moR>m JhU {df` Amho.

8 _mM© hm {XZ _{hbm {XZ åhUyZ H$m gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo?

`mMo H$maU Ago {H$, 1975 gmbr âboë`m OmJ{VH$ _{hbm n[afXoV ìhobopÝQ>bm Voao ñH$modm{hZo gH«$s`, gh^mJ KoVbm AZ² Voìhm nmgyZ Xadfu 8 _mM© hm {Xdg "_{hbm {XZ'åhUyZ gmOam Ho$bmOmVmo. ìhobopÝQ>Zm hrZo dm°ñQ>moi `m AdH$me `mZmVyZ AmH$memn{bH$S>o Pon KoVbr. Voìhm \$ŠV Vr 26dfm©Mr hmoVr.

{XgVo Amho ñdßZmV _mÂ`m CÚmÀ`mOJmM EH$ CËH$f©dmXr Ñî`{VWo Agob g_Vm Am{U g_mZVm{Xbo OmB©b Ooìhm pñÌ`m§Zm {ejUmMo V§ÌhmoB©b VoìhmM Iè`m AWm©Zo ^maV ñdV§Ì

{OWo Agob _{hbm§Zm AmXa{VWoM hmoB©b nwê$fm§Mr H$mXa{XgVo Amho ñdßZmV _mÂ`m CÚmÀ`mOJmM§ EH$ àoaUmXm`r {MÌ{VWo Zm§XVrb gd© EH$mË_VoZo

hmoVrb Ooìhm pñÌ`m g_¥ÕhmoB©b Voìhm gd© OJ _§Ì_w½YòB©b Ooìhm ê$T>r na§naoda ~§Xr{_iob VoìhmM _{hbm§Zm g§Yr{XgVo Amho ñdßZmV _mÂ`m CÚmÀ`m

OJmM§ EH$ Üò`mË_H$ {MÌ{OWo Agob EH$VoMr ^mdZm~Xbob Voìhm g_mOmMr _mZ{gH$VmVoìhm ^mgob _wbtMr Amdí`H$Vm

&& 61 &&

15. VoOpñdZr

- gwlwfm AemoH$ dmH$io, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

_wbJr Pmbr åhUwZ nVrÀ`m ^rVrZ EH$m _{hbmZo Amnë`m AmB©gh {_iyZ ZdOmV A^©H$mbmJim Xm~yZ R>ma Ho$bo. _Z Am{U _§oXÿ gwÝZ H$aUmar hr KQ>Zm AmR>dUrÀ`m nQ>bmdê$Z H$mhrer YygahmoV Z hmoVo. VmoM _wbJr Agë`mMo J^©{b§J {ZXmZ MmMUrV g_Oë`mMo J^©nmV H$aUmè`m S>m°ŠQ>abmAQ>H$ hr ~mV_r g_moa Ambr Am{U AI§S> _hmamï´>mVbm nwamoJm_rËdmMm dmagm XoUmè`m H$moëhmnya{Oëô`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm _wbtÀ`m ~m~VrV Aer Agmdr `m {dMmamZo _Z {dXrU© Pmbo "goìh X ~o~r Jb©'`m {df`m~m~V Mm {dMma gwê$ AgVmZmM VoOpñdZrÀ`m XmamV H$Yr nmohmoMbo Vo H$iboM Zmhr.VoOñdrZrbm g_moa nmhVmM. àËòH$ H$mù`m Hw$Å> _oKmbm ê$noar H$S>m AgVoM H$s! Am{U BW§ VaH$moëhmnya {Oëô`mÀ`m `m gm_m{OH$ dmñVdmbm "VoOñdr' H$S>m Amho. g_mO_Z ~XbÊ`mgmR>rAmdí`H$ D$Om© `mM VoOñdr H$S>m§_YyZ namdVuV hmoV AgVo. BVë`mV _§X hmñ` H$aV `m... ~bm..åhUV VoOpñdZrZ§ Ho$boë`m ñdmJVmZo ^mZmda AmUb§.

H$moëhmnya_Üò 12 gßQ>|~a 1980 amoOr gw{ZVm Am{U adtÐ gmd§V `m Xm§nË`mbm n{hb§H$Ý`maËZ Pmb§. _moR>çm AmZ§XmZo {VM§ ñdmJV H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr {VM§ Zmd VoOpñdZr R>odbo- VoOpñdZrM§~mbnU H$moëhmnwamVrb _wŠV g¡{ZH$ dgmhV, amOmam_nwar `m ^mJmV EH$m _Ü`_dJu` Hw$Qy>§~mV Job§.dS>rb Zoìhr_Üò Agë`mZo H$m_m{Z_rÎm Zoh_r Xþada AgV Va AmB© hmD$g dmB©\$ Amho. EH$m gm_mÝ`Hw$Qy>§~mV OÝ_bobr H«$sS>mnQw>Ho$di H$moëhmnyamMmM Zìho Va gmè`m XoemÀ`m [H«$S>m d¡^dmMm A{^_mZ `mAmnë`m àdmgmH$S>o diwZ ~KVmZm VoOpñdZrZo, AmB©-d{S>bm§Zr bhmZnZmnmgyZM Amåhm {VJrhr~{hUtZm Hw$R>bohr joÌ H$[aàgmR>r {ZdS>m; nU Ë`mV gdm}ÀM {R>H$mUr ìhm; Agm _§Ì {Xë`mZo Ho$die¡j{UH$ JwUVÎmodaM â Z§XoVm gdmª{JU {dH$mg Pmë`mMo gm§{JVbo. AmO {VMr EH$ ~hrUÝ`wam°bmo{OñQ> Amho. bhmZUr AmB©M {VJrhr ~hrUtZm gŠVrZo Ioim`bm bmdm`Mr. `mVwZM {Vbm~mñHo$Q>~m°bMr AmdS>{Z_m©U Pmbr. H$m°boO_Üò Amë`mZ§Va `w{Z\$m°_©Mr AmdS>Agë`mZo Vr EZ.gr.gr._Üò XmIb Pmbr. EZ.gr.gr. _wi§M {VZ§ eyqQ>J H$am`bm gwê$dmV Ho$br Am{U {VMo Ë`mVrbàm{dÊ` nmhþZ ñd. O`qgJamd Hw$gmio gam§Zr {Vbm eyqQ>J gwê$ R>odÊ`mgmR>r àmoËgmhZ {Xbo. Hw$gmiogam§Zr VoOpñdZrÀ`m nmbH$m§Zm H$mhrhr H$am nU {VMo ewqQ>J ~§X H$ê$ ZH$m Aer AO©dr {dZ§Vr Ho$brAm{U gwê$ Pmbm Zo_~mO VoOpñdZr gmd§VMm Amnë`m XoXrß`_mZ èmÀ`m {XeoZo n{hbm àdmg...

Oer-Oer bmoH${à`Vm dmT>V OmVo Vg-Vgm bmoH$mÀ`m AnojmMm X~md dmT>V OmVmo.nU VyVwPm Ioi EÝOm°` H$a. hma-OrV hm Ë`mZ§VaMm ^mJ Amho, `m nmbH$m§Zr {Xboë`m {eH$dUr_wioAm§Vaamï´>r` ñVamda IoiVmZmhr X~md Z KoVm VoOpñdZr loð>XOm©Mm Ioi IoiVo, Vr åhUVo H$s, _r_mPo ewqQ>J EÝOm°` H$aVo. Hw$R>brhr _°M Agmo _r ñH$moAa H$m` Amho. ho Z nmhVm _mPm Ioi EÝOm°`H$aVo. Ë`m _wioM _mPm Ioi Mm§Jbm hmoVmo. Ago Amnë`m èmMo J_H$ gm§JUmè`m VoOpñdZrZo _ÜòM_wbmÀ`m VwbZoV H$_r hmoV Mmbboë`m _wbrÀ`m à_mUm~Ôb AJXr H$iH$irZo gm§{JVbo H$s _wbmÀ`m

&& 62 &&

AmB©d{S>bm§er AgUmè`m A°Q>oM_oÝQ> nojm _wbrMr AmB©d{S>bm§da _m`m OmñV AgVo. AmO _wbrHw$R>ë`mhr joÌmV _mJo Zmhr e¡j{UH$ joÌmV Ë`mMr H$m_{Jar COdrM Amho Ag§ AgVmZm _wbJm Am{U_wbJr hm ôX^md H$aU§ ho d¡Mm[aH$ {XdmiImoarM bjU Amho.

_mM© 2006 _Üò òWo Pmboë`m H$m°_ZdoëW Joåg_Üò d¡`pŠVH$ H«$sS>m àH$mamV n{hb§ gwdU©nXH$ {_i{db§ Ë`m doir H$moëhmnwam§Zr Ho$boë`m A{dñ_aUr` Oëbmoem§Zr CËg\w$V© ñdmJVm~Ôb {VZoAm^ma _mZbo. Amnë`m VoOñdr H$ÝòÀ`m ñdmJVmgmR>r gmao H$moëhmnya añË`mda CVabo hmoVo Ë`mjUmbm nmbH$m§Zm OodT>m AmZ§X Pmbm hmoVm Ë`mnojm OmñV A{^_mZ dmQ>V hmoVm. Ë`m _wio Vr åhUVo H$r_wbJm Am{U _wbJr Agm ôX^md Oa Hw$Ur H$aV Agob Va Vo XþX£dr Amho. nwU©nUo KQ>mbm AmH$ma XoVo.g_OwVXmanUm XoVo. _wbtZm {eH$dm g_mO {eHo$b gwg§ñH¥$V KS>ob. {VÀ`m nmbH$m§Zr H$Yrhr _wbJm-_wbJr Agm ôX^md Ho$bm Zmhr dm _wbJr Pmbr åhUyZ dm _wbJm Zgë`mMr I§Vhr Ë`m§Zm dmQ>br ZmhrCbQ> {VÀ`m nmbH$m§Zr Omon`ªV Vw_M§ H$[aà hmoV Zmhr. Vmon`ªV Vw_M§ b½Z hmoUma Zmhr. Ag§M_Zmda q~~db§ {deofV: {VÀ`m AmB©Zo Amnë`m _wbr {d{dY ñnYm©gmR>r ~mhoa Jmdr OmVmV. Ë`m§ZmñdV:Mr gwajm H$aVm Ambr nm{hOo. nmbH$mZr Amnë`m _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m AmdS>rÀ`m IoimgmR>ràmoËgmhZ Úm`bm hdo.

VoOpñdZr gd© pñÌ`m§gmR>r H$iH$irZo gm§JV hmoVr H$s, _wbJr ZH$mo Agm {dMma Oa Vw_À`mAmB©Zo Ho$bm AgVm Va Vwåhr AmO `m OJmV {XgbmM ZgVm AmB©-d{S>bmÀ`m Anojm§Mr nwV©Vm_wbm§à_mUo _wbrhr H$ê$ eH$VmV g_mO g§VwbZmgmR>r Am{U gm_m{OH$ ñdmñWmgmR>r ñÌr-nwê$f à_mUg_mZ AgZo Amdí`H$ Amho, Ag§ Am§Vaamï´>r`, amï´>r` ñnYm© qOH$Umar VoOpñdZr nwÝhm XoemÀ`mH«$sS>m d¡^dmV _mZmMm Vwam amodÊ`mgmR>r b§S>Z Am°{bpånH$ qOH$Ê`mgmRr à`ËZerb Amho.

àËòH$mbm AmB© AmdS>Vo

~m`H$mo AmdS>Vo, _¡ÌrUhr AmdS>Vo

_J _wbJr H$m Zmhr?

&& 63 &&

_m` åhUVm åhUVm AmoR> AmoR>mbmJr {^S>oAmË`m åhUVm åhUVm {H$Vr A§Va ho nS>o

- ~{hUm~mB© Mm¡Yar

16. gX²JwUr ñÌr

- H$mH$S>o gm[aH$m lrYa, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

OJmV ~è`mM dñVy _m¡ë`dmZ AmhoV. na§Vy "gX²JwUr ñÌr' hr OJmVrb gdm}ËH¥$ð> _m¡ë`dmZdñVy Amho. ñÌrMo _Z åhUOo AË`§V gw{nH$ O{_Z ZwgVoM gmpËdH$VoMo ~r A§Hw$abo H$s nmhVm nmhVmZ_«VoMm ^bm _moR>m d¥j hmoD$Z _mòMm _moha d ào_mMm dfm©d H$aUmar \$io dmog§Sy>Z dmhVmV. Ago åhQ>boVar Amnë`m nwd©Om§Zr _Zg§{hVoà_mUo àmMrZ H$mimnmgwZ ñÌrbm qnOè`mV S>m§~wZ R>odbobo {XgVo.nwdunmgyZM Vrbm H$moUmMr Var g§nÎmr _mZVmV. ê$T>r, na§nam, [aVr[admO, Ym{_©H$Vm, A§YlÕm `m~m~rÀ`m WmoS>o Oar ~mhoa nS>br Var {VZo \$ma _moR>m JwÝhm Ho$bm Ago _mZbo OmVo. ñÌrÀ`m bhmZ-bhmZMwH$m \$ma ~maH$mB©Zo bjmV KoD$Z {VÀ`mH$S>o nmhÊ`mMm g_mOmMm Ñï>rH$moUM ~XbyZ OmVmo. ñÌr hrEH$ A~bm Zmar Amho. {VÀ`mda Iwn gmar ~§YZo bmXbobr AgVmV Am{U `m ~§YZmMo nmbZ {VbmH$amdoM bmJVo H$maU Vr EH$ ñÌr Amho. ñÌrMo öX` \$ma n{dÌ AgVo.

ñÌr`m§da EdT>r ~§YZo H$m? VrM ~§YUo nwê$fmda H$m Zmhr? ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr Va gJù`m§ZmbmJw AgVo _J {VMo nmbZ ñÌr`m§ZrM H$m H$amdo? ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr_Üò _wbm§V-_wbrV ôX^mdH$am`bm Zmhr gm§{JVbo VarnU AmOhr Iwn gmè`m _wbr {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV AgVmV Va Ago H$m?Amnë`m ^maVmbm Va ñdmV§Í` {_imbo nU pñÌ`m§Zm AmUIrhr ñdV:Mo {ZU©` KoÊ`mMm A{YH$maZgVmo. Va Ago H$m? àËòH$ Mohè`m_mJo EH$ {OdZ AgVo. Va pñÌ`mMo {OdZ ho Ë`m§À`m _Zmà_mUoË`m§Zm H$m OJVm òV Zmhr? AmOhr ^maVmVrb àËòH$ IoS>çmV 85% à_mU ho {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MVam{hboë`m _wbtMo AgVo. KamVhr _wbm-_wbrV ôX^md AgVmo. _wbrbm H$m_ {ejU XoD$Z KaH$m_{eH$m`bm gm§JVmV d _wbo _mÌ Ë`m§À`m _Zmbm dmQ>bo BVHo$ Vo {eHy$ eH$VmV. Ë`m§Mo {OdZ ho Ë`m§À`mMhmVmV AgVo. àËòH$mbm _wbJr åhUOo naŠ`mMo YZ dmQ>Vo. {Vbm {H$Vrhr CÀM {ejU {Xbo VaXþgè`mÀ`mM Kar OmUma Ago àËòH$mbm dmQ>Vo. _wbJmM d§emMm {Xdm Amho eodQ>r VmoM åhmVmanUrAmnbm gm§^mi H$aUma åhUwZ Ë`mMm Iwn bmS> hmoVmo d eodQ>r Vmo _mo~Xë`mV Ë`m§Zm Vmo _wbJmåhVmanUr Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWrV gm§^miUwH$hr H$aV Zmhr Varhr _wbJmM hdm Aer [aVM àM{bV Amho.hogmao AÝ`m` ñÌrda H$m? _wbtZmM ê$T>r,na§nam, Ym{_©H$Vm `m§Mm {dMma H$m H$amdm bmJVmo dg_mOmH$S>o hr nmhþZ ahmdo bmJVo. Ago H$m ~ao Agob?

EdT>çm AS>MUr, EdT>çm O~m~Xmè`m AgwZhr AmO ñÌr Hw$R>ë`mM joÌmV _mJo Zmhr. Vrnwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdwZ Ë`m§À`m ~amo~arZr Amho. ^maVmVrb àËòH$ nXmda AmO ñÌr OmD$ZQ>oH$br Amho. {VZo èmMo {eIa JmR>bo Amho. Vr àËòH$ nmVirda Amho. pñÌ`m øm gm_Ï`©erbAgVmV. ñÌr`m§Zr Ë`§mÀ`m ñdV§Í`mgmR>r AZoH$ Midir Ho$ë`m. d Ë`mMm à^md CÎmamoÎma dmT>V Jobm.pñÌ`m§À`m {ejUmV dmT>Pmbr. amhZr_mZmV ~Xb Pmbm, {dMmagaUr ~Xbbr. Ë`m Midir_wio \$ma_moR>m à^md hmoD$Z pñÌ`mV àJVr Pmbr. pñÌ`m_wio ^maVmÀ`m Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmV àJVr hmoÊ`mgmR>r

&& 64 &&

Save The Girl

_XV Pmbr. EdT>m pñÌ`m§Mm dmQ>m AgwZhr AmUIr J«m_rU ^mJmVrb pñÌ`m§Zm ñdV:~ÔbMo {ZU©`KoÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Zmhr. {Vbm ZH$mamË_H$ {ZU©`hr ñdrH$mamdo bmJVmV. pñÌ`m§da Iwn _moR>çmO~m~Xmè`m AgVmV. KamVrb ñÌr Oa AmOmar nS>br Va KamVrb gJir H$m_o hr {VÀ`m Zmdo amhVmV.EdT>r O~m~XmarMr H$m_o {VÀ`mda AgVmV.

qH$~hþZm pñÌ`m nwê$fm§nojm OmñV Aer H$m_o H$ê$Z g_mOmÀ`m d XoemÀ`m {dH$mgmV âKmbV Amho. hr EH$ A{^_mZmMr d AmË_{dídmgmZo pñÌ`m g_mOmMr d g§gmamMr hr XmoZ MmHo$gma»`mM JVrZo {\$aV AgVmZm {XgVmV. _mÂ`m _Vo, ^maVmV OodT>o VUmd AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mVrb 70%VUmd ho pñÌ`m§da AmhoV. H$maU Ago H$s Q>ŠHo$dmarÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVwZ Oar nm{hbo Var 50% VUmdAmhoV. {edm` nwê$fmdarb VUmdmMr H$mhr Q>ŠHo$dmar hr pñÌ`m§ZmM ghZ H$amdr bmJVo. pñÌ_Üò ghZH$aÊ`mMr j_Vm AgVo Vr àËòH$mbm g_OwZ KoÊ`mMr EonV R>odVo. Iao åhUOo pñÌ`m§Mo {OdZJ§JogmaIo Amho. åhUOo Ë`mV n{dÍ`, ewÕVm Am{U CnH$maH$Vm {XgyZ òVo. J§Jm hr Oer {Z_©i,ewÕAmho Ë`mà_mUo ñÌr Amho, pñÌ`m§Zr {gÕ Ho$bo Amho H$s AmnUhr H$emVhr H$_r ZmhrV. AmnUhr nwê$fH$aVmo d Vr {VVŠ`mMda Zmhr Va Vr nwê$fm§nojmhr _moR>r O~m~XmarMr H$m_o nma nmS>VmV. Vr EH$amï´>nVr hmoD$Z nwU© Xoem§Mm H$ma^ma nmhÿ eH$Vo, hr EH$ AmíM`©H$maH$ ~m~ Amho. ñÌr`m Hw$R>ë`mhrAmKmS>rda H$m`©aV AmhoV. Iwn g_ñ`m§Zm Vm§oS> XoD$Zhr Vr Amnbr àJVr ñ_aUeŠVr AgVo ho `mCXmhaUmdê$Z Amnë`mbm H$iVo.

J«m_rU ^mJmVrb _wbrbm {eH$dV ZmhrV H$maU {VÀ`m {ejUmMm IM© d b½ZmMm IM© AgmXþhoar IM© hmoVmo. {Vbm hþ§S>çmV Iwn gmao n¡go IM© H$amdo bmJVmV. J^©dVr pñÌbm Oa _wbJr Pmbr Va{VÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb àËòH$OZ ZmamO hmoVmV.Ë`m _wbrMr AmB©hr ZmamO hmoVo. nU ñÌr hr XmoÝhr KaràH$me XoVo. nU ñÌr hr KamVrb àËòH$ gXñ`mbm AmH$ma XoD$ eH$Vo. {Vbm Oa {eH${dbo CÁdb H$ê$eH$Vo. ñÌr^«UhË`m ~§X Pmbr Var Vr nwU©nUo Wm§~br Zmhr. hr ñÌr^«UhË`m Wm§~br nm{hOo. Oa AgoPmbo Va hm Xoe AmUIr _O~wV hmoB©br. àËòH$ _wbrbm {eH${dbo nm{hOo åhUOo {Vbm {VÀ`m {OdUmMo`mo½` {ZU©` KoVm òVrb. d àVòH$mbm bmoH$g§»`m {ejU {Xbo nm{hOo. åhUOo bmoH$g§»`m A{V[aŠVZ hmoVm _`m©{XV hmoB©b. àËòH$ _wbJr Oa {eH$br Va Amnbm ^maV gÑT> d d¡^dembr hmoB©b dñÌr^«UhË`m hr H$ënZmM H$moUmÀ`m _ZmV òUma Zmhr. "ñÌr' hrM CÚmMo ^{dî` Amho ho àËòH$mZobjmV R>odm`bm nm{hOo. Ooìhm pñÌMo öX` n{dÌ ~ZVo Voìhm {VÀ`mgmaIr H$mo_b dñVw Am»`m OJmVgmnS>Uma Zmhr. ñÌr jUmMr nVr Va Vr AZ§V H$mimMr _mVm Amho.

&& 65 &&

17. Zì`m Am`wî`mMr nhmQ>

- {dZmoX Xo{dXmg T>mobo, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

ñÌr Am{U nwê$f `m§À`mV Ho$di eara ôX Zmhr Va ñÌr A{YH$ g§doXZerb, lÕmdmZ Amho{Vbm XodËdmMo ApñVËd A{YH$ OmUdVo. nwê$fmMo bj _mÌ ^m¡{VH$VoH$S>o, A{YH$ma JmOdÊ`mH$S>oA{YH$ AgVo.

amOm OZH$mÀ`m amOgôV `mkdbŠ`mbm H$go àíZ {dMmaÊ`mV Ambo hmo? Vo VwåhmbmAmR>dVo H$m? Ë`m§Zm àíZ {dMmaÊ`mn¡H$s à_wI hmoVr dmMdZdr Zm_H$ EH$ Hw$_mar. Ë`m H$mir AempñÌ`m§Zm ~«åhdm{XZr åhUV. EImÚm Hw$eb YZwY©amÀ` hmVmV M_H$Umao XmoZ ~mU AgmdoV Ago _mPoàíZ AmhoV Ago Vr åhUmbr Ë`m {R>H$mUr {VÀ`m ñÌrËdmg§~§Yr H$moUVmhr àíZ CnpñWV Ho$bm Zmhr.

Vg§ nmhVm g_mOmVrb ñdV:Mo Ý`m`ñWmZ OJâmV Hw$R>ohr ^maVmVrb _{hbm§Zmnwê$fm§à_mUo CŠVo {_imbo Zmhr. Joë`m eVH$mV Ë`m§Zm H$amì`m bmJboë`m g§Kfm©À`m d Ë`mVyZ_{hbm§Zr gmYbobr àJVrMm WmoS>Š`mV àdmg. 1950 ào_ _mWwa `m§Zm ^maVmVrb n{hë`m ì`dgm{`H$_{hbm d¡_m{ZH$ hmoÊ`mMm _mZ, 1952 À`m Am°qbnrH$ ñnYm©_Üò nwê$f d _{hbm§Zm EH$Ì IoiÊ`gmMrg§Yr, ^maV XoemÀ`m n{hë`m _{hbm n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr, ^maV XoemVrb n{hë`m _{hbm _w»_§ÌrgwMoVm H¥$nbm§Zr, godoV n{hë`m A{YH$mar {H$aU ~oXr, _Xa Voaogm `m§Zm em§VVoMm Zmo~obIPS

nwañH$ma, ^maVr` g¡Ý`mV ñÌr`mMm àdoe, amï´>nVr nXmda à{V^m nmQ>rb `m§Mr {ZdS>, bVm _§JoeH$a`m§Zm ^maVaËZ nwañH$ma, ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWoV _{hbm§Zm 50% AmajU BË`mXr.

ñÌr hr Ë`mJ,Z_«Vm, lÕm d gwOmUnUm `m§Mr _wVu Amho. Vr H$moUË`mM ~m~VrV H$_r Zmhr.nma§nm[aH$ nwê$fm§Mr g_Obr OmUmar joÌo _{hbm H$m~rO H$arV Amho. PmerMr amUr, Vmam~mB© qeXo,gm{dÌ~mBª \w$bo `m§À`m nmdbmda nmD$b R>oD$Z _ram ~moIUH$a, gw{ZVm {dë`åg, A§Oy Om°O©, H$ënZmMmdbm, gm{Z`m {_Pm© `m _{hbm Amnmnë`m joÌmV H$V©¥Îd JmOdV AmhoV. nmobrg bîH$ar Xb,[ajmMmbdUo `m~amo~aM H§$S>ŠQ>a nÌH$m[aVm \$mà{~«JoS>hr joÌo gwÕm _{hbm§Zr H$m~rO Ho$br AmhoV.

gÜ`m ^maVmV _moR>çm nXmda H$m`©aV Agboë`m _{hbm AmhoV. AmVmM amï´>Hw$b ñnYm©_Üò^maVr` _{hbm§Mr H$m_{Jar CëboIZr` Amho. gÜ`m amï´>r` amOH$maUmV _{hbm§Mr g§»`m ZJÊÀmho. Am{W©H$ joÌmVhr AZoH$ _{hbm _moR>çm nXmda H$m`©aV AmhoV. g§emoYZ joÌmV _{hbm§Mr g§»`m~mT>V Amho {h Mm§Jbr ~m~ Amho.

Ë`mMà_mUo g_mOmM§ à{Vq~~ qMÌQ>mV nS>Vo Ag§ åhUVmV. {MÌnQ>ho _mÜ`_ OZgm_mÝ`m§daà^md Q>mH$V§. {deof åhUOo ho ~Xb g_mOm_Üò ñÌrZo KS>dyZ AmUboë`m ~XbmM§ à{VH$ Amho. 1968-80 `m H$mimV ñÌràYmZ {MÌnQ>mMr bmQ>hmoVr.

Hw$Qy>§~ d g_mOmV pñÌ`m§Zm g_moa Omì`m bmJUmè`m Ádb§V àíZm§Mo {MÌrH$aU 1981-90

&& 66 &&

À`m H$mbI§S>mV _moR>çm à_mUmda Pmbo. `mM H$mimV ñÌr Amnë`m A{YH$mam{df`r añË`mda òD$Z^m§S>VmZmhr {Xgbr. ñdV:À`m nm`mda C^r ñÌr AmVm nwê$fmÀ`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdyZ H$m_ H$ê$bmJbr Amho. AmVmMr {VMr Pon AmH$membm JdgUr KmbUmar Amho.

ñÌrMr à{VîR>m \$ŠV dra _mVm [H§$dm dra nËZr hmoÊ`mV Zmhr Va dra ñÌr hmoÊ`mV Amho.AmYw{ZH$ OJmVrb `m d Ag§»` {haH$UtZr Am`wî`mÀ`m nd©V {OX²X d g§Kf©_` bT>m XoD$Z MT>bmAmho. Ë`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m `m g§Kfm©VwZM Ë`m§À`m CÚmÀ`m Am`wî`mMr nhmQ>CJdUma Amho.

&& 67 &&

Vr EH$Xm AmOrbm åhUmbr_wbrZoM H$m J Zoh_r gmgar Om`M§ ?

Amnbr _mUg§ gmoSy>Z VrZoM H$mnaH$ Ka Amnb§ _mZm`M§ ?{VÀ`mH$Sw>ZM H$m AnojmOwZ ApñVËd {dgamMr

{VÀ`mdaM H$m O~aXñVrZdrZ Zmd dmnam`Mr ?AmOr åhUmbr AJ§ doS>o

hm Va g¥ï>rMm {Z`_ AmhoZXr Zmhr H$m OmV gmJamH$S>o

Amnb§ Ka gmoSw>ZVmo òVmo H$m H$YrVar {VÀ`mH$S>o

Amnbr dmQ> _moSw>Z{VM§ nmUr {H$Vr JmoS> Varhr Vr

gmJamÀ`m ImaQ> nmÊ`mV {_giVoAmnb§ ApñVËd gmoSy>Z Vr

Ë`mMrM ~ZwZ OmVoEH$Xm gmJamV {dbrZ Pmë`mda

Vrhr gmJaM Va hmoVonU åhUyZ Zoh_r {VÀ`mnwT>oM

ZV_ñVH$ hmoVmV bmoH§$nmn§ Ywdm`bm g_wÐmV Zmhr

J§JoVM bmVmV bmoH§$- AZm_ H$dr

18. ñÌr EH$ H$hmUr- _wŠVm {dÇ>bamd ^§S>mao, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

_wbJr Amho AmB©-~m~m§Zm {_imboobr nXdr{VMm An_mZ H$ê$ ZH$m Vr Amho `mXdrVr Amho H$mo_b H$irIwSy>ZH$m {Vbm AdH$mir

IaM§ AmOÀ`m EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV, V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `wJmV _wbtZm ZH$mo åhUZmao, {VbmJ^m©VM _maUmao bmoH$ AmO AmhoV hr Amnbr Iwn _moR>r emoH$m§VrH$m Amho. _wbr AmO àËòH$ joÌmVH$aVmZm {XgVmV. AgoH$moUVohr joÌ Zmhr {OWo Ë`m Amnbm R>gm C_Q>{dë`m[edm` am{hboë`m ZmhrV.àJV V§ÌkmZmÀ`m H$mimV XoIrb _{hbm§Zm, _wbtZm AgwajrV dmJUwH$ {_iV Amho. na§Vw Amnë`mg_mOmV \$maM nwdunmgyZ pñÌMr {dQ>§~Zm Ho$br OmVo, {VMr AdhobZm Ho$br OmVo. _wbJr ZH$mo Am{U_wbJm hdm Ago åhUUmè`m§Mr g§»`m \$ŠV A{ejrV Am{U gm_mÝ` Hw$Qy>§~mVrb Agob Ago Zmhr VaCÀM-{ejrV Am{U lr_§V dJm©V XoIrb `mMo à_mU \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmda AmT>iVo Amho. ho EH$mgd}jUmÛmao {gÕ Pmbo Amho. H$mhrhr H$ê$Z AmnUM `m g_mOmMr _mZ{gH$Vm ~XbUo Amdí`H$ Amho.AmO Á`m KamV EH$ _wbJm Am{U EH$ _wbJr Agob Va nmbH$ Amnbm OmñVrV OmñV doi _wbmH$S>oXoVmV, na§Vw Ooìhm AmB©-~m~m åhmVmao hmoVmV Voìhm hmM _wbJm Ë`m§Zm d¥Õml_mV ZodyZ XmIrb H$aVmo._wbmbm Amnbo [díd _mZZmè`m§Zm H$m` dmQ>V Agob Ooìhm hm Hw$b{XnH$ Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m eodQ>À`mH$mimV Amnë`mOdi Z R>odVm, Ë`m§Zm gdm©V OmñV Amnwb{H$Mr JaO AgVm§Zm d¥Õml_mV XmIbH$aVmo. H$Xm{MV VoìhmM `m bmoH$m§Zm Amnbr Iar MyH$ H$imbobr Agob.

_wbrbm Am{U {VÀ`m ñdßZm§Zm n§I ÚmAmVm Var {Vbm C§M CSy>ÚmnyU© H$aoZ AmB©-~m~mÀ`m BÀN>mË`m§Zm {_iob AmYma ............èmMr KoB©b C§M âmar{Vbm Kody Úm _moH$im ídmg EH$XmVar

AmO _wbrbm {VÀ`m AmB©À`m J^m©VM _mabo OmVo, {Vbm OJÊ`mMm H$mhrM A{YH$ma ZmhrH$m? EH$ H$mo_b A§Hw$a CJdwZ _moR>o d¥j hmoÊ`mAmYrM AmnU Ë`m A§Hy$ambm _wimVwZM Zï> H$aVmoAmhoV. Oa g§Yr {_imbr Va AmO _wbJr àËòH$ joÌmV Amnbo Zer~ AmO_y nmhVo Amho. _wbJr AmOH$moUË`mhr joÌmV _mJo am{hbobr Zmhr. _J Amnbr Q>oZrgnQy> gm`Zm Agmo qH$dm ~m°Šga _oarH$mo_AgmoV. hoM H$m` Va XoemÀ`m gdm}ÀM nXr EHo$H$mir {damOVmZ hmoUmè`m _m.I. B§{Xam Jm§Yr qH$dmAmnë`m bmS>Š`m _m. amï´>nVr à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb AgmoV. hr Am{U AmUIr ~arM {Od§V CXmhaUo

&& 68 &&

Amnë`m Odi AmhoV Á`m§Zr H r ñÌr OÝ_mbm gmW©H$ ~Zdbo Amho. AmO {MÌnQ>g¥{ï>V _{hbm _moR>çmà_mUmda H$m`© H$aV AmhoV. Amnë`m B{VhmgmV XoIrb pñÌMr ^w{_H$m \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV AmT>iVo.N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOo Zmd A§Jmda ehmaoo òVmV. Aem [edmOrbm KS>{dUmar hr gwÕm EH$ _{hbmMhmoVr. {OOm _mVm `m§ZrM {edmOrbm ñdmamÁ` ñWmnZoMo YS>o {eH$dbo hmoVo. VgoM B§J«Om§Zm "_¡ AnZrPmgr {H$gr H$mo Zhr Xþ§Jr' Ago R>ZH$mdyZ gm§JUmè`m Am{U Ë`m§À`mer EH$m nwê$fmà_mUo gm_Ï`m©ZobT>Umè`m amUr bú_r~mB© `m XoIrb EH$ pñÌM hmoË`m Am{U hr {XëbrM amOonX ^wf{dUmè`m aPr`mgwbVmZ `m gd© XoIrb _{hbmM hmoË`m. _bm ho `mgmR>r gm§Jmdogo dmQ>Vo H$s _wbr `m H$emVM H$_rZmhrV. Xadfu qH$dm _Üò nmg hmoUmè`mMo à_mU _wbm§nojm _wbtM OmñV AgVo gm§JÊ`mMmHSC SSC

VmËn`© hm {H$ Ago AgwZhr Amnbr _mZ{gH$Vm _wbtàVr BVH$s H$R>moa, {ZX©`r H$m?

Agmo _wbJr {Od§V Agbr åhUyZ H$m` Pmbo, Amnë`mbm {Vbm `mo½` {ejU {Xbo Jobonm{hOo. {Vbm Mm§Jbo dmT>dbo nm{hOo. {H$VrVar KamV gwZobm hþ§S>çmgmR>r N>ibo OmVo. Ë`m§Zm Zoh_rAgø OmMmbm gm_moao Omdo bmJVo. AemVM _J `m pñÌ`m AmË_hË`m hm _mJ© {ZdS>VmV d ñdV:bmAm{U Ë`m§À`m gmgaÀ`m _§S>itZm H$m`_Mr _wŠVVm XoVmV. ho AOyZ {H$Vr {Xdg MmbUma Amho hoHw$R>oVar OmdyU Wm§~m`bmM hdo ZmhrVa Aem {H$VrVar {Zînmn _wbtMm ~ir ho bmoH$ KoUma AmhoV.

_wbJr hr Am{X_m`m, Am{XeŠVr Amho,BVŠ`m bdH$a {dgabmV {VZoM XÿJm© XodrMo

ê$n KodyZ ZaH$mgwamMm dY Ho$bm Amho.

AmO Oa _wbJr EImÚm {R>H$mUr H$m_ H$aV Agob Am{U Ë`mVM {Vbm amÌr-AnamÌrMm àdmgAgob Va Vr _{hbm qH$dm _wbJr ñdV:bm H$YrM gwajrV g_OZma Zmhr H$maU _wimVM nwê$fmMrdmB©Q>ZOa , Bemao, Q>m_Uo ho {Vbm ghZ H$amdo bmJVmV. {XëbrM§ VmO CXmhaU åhUOo {Z^©`m àH$aU`m g§nyU© àH$aUmZo Amnbm g§nyU© ^maV Xoe T>diyZ {ZKmbm. amOH$maUr XoIrb gagmdë`m na§VyIaM§ AmVm XoIrb _{hbm gwa{jV AmhoV H$m? hm àíZ AmnUmg nS>ë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr. {Xëbr hoAmnë`m ........H|$Ð Amho Ë`m_wio {VWo KS>Umè`m àËòH$ Jmoï>rda àgma_mÜ`_mMo bj AgVo Ë`m_wio{Z^©`m àH$aU Iwn JmObo na§Vy N>moQ>çm ehamV, Jmdm-Jmdm§V Aem Iwn {Z^©`m AmhoV Ë`§mÀ`mAnamÜ`m§Zm H$Yr [ejm {_iUma Amho. _wbtZm g§ajU nm{hOo Amho. AmO Ago H$mhr ZamY_ AmhoV {H$Á`m_wio _wbtZm amÌr KamVyZ ~mhooa nS>Ê`mMr gŠVr Ho$br OmVo. _wbtÀ`m g§ajUmMm àíZ hm gÜ`m \$ma_moR>m àíZ Amnë`m g_mOmnwT>o Amho. EH$sH$S>o AmnU gm{dÌrMr O`§Vr gmOar H$aVmo, ZdamÌrV XodrÀ`m_wVuÀ`m ñWmnZm H$aVmo. Am{X eŠVr åhUyZ {VMr nyOm, AM©Zm H$aVmo Am{U XþgarH$S>o Ë`mM pñÌbm_maUo, {VMm N>i H$aUo {VÀ`mda AË`mMma H$aUo hm Hw$R>bm Ý`m` Amho. H$m` åhUmdo Amnë`mg_mOmÀ`m _mZ{gH$Vobm Or {Od§V Amho {Vbm Ìmg XodyZ {VMr AmamYZm H$am`Mr `mZo H$m` gmÜ`hmoUma Amho. Amnë`m ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoZo _{hbm§Zm ~aoM A{YH$ma {Xbobo AmhoV. Ë`m_wio_{hbm§darb AË`mMmamMo à_mU H$_r hmoV Amho na§Vy Amnë`m H$m`ÚmV Aer VaVyX H$am`bm hdr {H$Omo Aem JwÊømV AmT>ibo Ë`mbm OmñVrV-OmñV gŠVrMr {ejm gwUmdbr Jobr nm{hOo. OoUoH$ê$Z

&& 69 &&

Aem ZamY_ Xþgam {Z_m©U hmody Zò. Ago AgVmZmhr AZ§V AS>MUtZm gm_moao OmdyZ AmOMr pñÌnwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm-Im§Xm XodyZ Ë`m§À`m EH$ nmD$b nyT>o OmD$Z Amnbr EH$ doJir AmoiI {Z_m©UH$aVo Amho. {h IaM AmZ§XmMr ~m~ Amho. AmO ImOJr joÌmVrb gdm}ÀM ~±H$ ~±Ho$V JìhZ©aICICI

åhUyZ EH$ _{hbmM H$m`©aV AmhoV. bmoH$gôÀ`m Aú`j `m XoIrb EH$ _{hbm gw{_Ìm _hmOZ AmhoV.ñdag_«mkr bVm _§JoeH$a `m Va gdmªZm R>mD$H$M AmhoV. AmO _wbJr Amnë`m d{S>bm§Mm nmagmXoIrb nwT>o ZoV Amho.

XodmKaMr nar åhUOo _wbJr{V Amho CÝhmVhr W§S>H$ XoUmar VmOJr

AmO àËòH$ joÌmV H«$m§Vr AgVm§Zm AmnU g_moa òdyZ pñÌ OÝ_mMo ñdJV H$ê$`m. {VbmAmXamZo dmJUyH$ Xody`m.AmV {Vbm H$gbmhr Ìmg hmoUma Zmhr `mMr XjVm ñdV: KoVbr nm{hOo Am{Uhr àËòH$ Vê$UmZo XoIrb {Vbm g_OyZ KoVbo nm{hOo. Amnbm Xoe hm Vê$Um§Zm Xoe Amho Va _J AmnU_wbm Am{U _wbt_Üò H$moUVmhr ôX^md Z H$aVm Amnë`m `m XoemMo Zmd OJmV C§M H$ê$``. `mXoemVyZ pñÌ^«wUhË`m, hþ§S>m~ir, AË`mMma `m§Mm OmÙmQ> H$ê$Z XoemÀ`m {dH$mgmV AmUIr EH$_mZmMm Vwam amody.

AmB© VwÂ`m H$miOmMm VwH$S>m _wbJm H$m J§_r nU Amho VwÂ`m CXamM EH$ ^mJ J§H$em_wio ZH$mo Amho _r Vwbm AmB© J§.H$m` H$_r Amho _mÂ`mV gm§JZm bmS>Ho$ J§_bm nU OJÊ`mMm A{YH$ma XoUm J§XmXmMr JaO Zmhr _r nyU© H$aoZ VwÂ`m BÀN>m J§H$mhr dfm©Z§Va _mPo b½Z hmodZy _r {M_ZrgmaIo^wa©H$aU CSy>Z OmB©b J§nU BVŠ`m bdH$a CS>dyZ ZH$mog J§_wbm BVmH$mM AmYma Vwbm XoB©Z H$m

. VwÂ`m åhmVmanUmMr H$mR>r _r ~ZoZ J§ZH$mo Xodyg Vw _bm n¡OU, Zdo H$nS>o J§Iwn {eHy$Z Ooìhm VwPo Am{U ~m~mMo Zmd _moR>o H$aoZ J§Voìhm VwÂ`m S>moù`mVZ Alw dmhVrb AmB© AmZ§XmMo J§_wbmgmR>r BVH$s AmVwa hmody ZH$mog J§_wbJm AgVmZmhr Iwn OU d¥Õml_mV JoboV J§AmB© AmVm _bm VwPr Iwn JaO Amho J§Vw {Xboë`m H$m|^mbm _r dQ>d¥j H$aoZ J§

&& 70 &&

19. ñÌr H$mb, AmO Am{U CÚm

- A{ídZr kmZmo~m C§S>miH$a, ~mamdr dm{UÁ`

^wVH$mimMr gwdU©nmZo WmoS>o Var dmMdm Oam

dV©_mZmÀ`m H$doV Agwa hÔnma Ë`m§Zm H$am

^{dî`mMr KoV âmar ñÌr _wŠVrMm Ü`mg Yam

VaM ~Zob _hmg§ñH¥$VrMm Xoe Iam

`m AmoirZwgma ñÌr H$mb, AmO Am{U CÚm `m Jmoï>rMm {dMma H$aV AgVm§Zm gd©àW_ {dMmaH$amdm bmJob Vmo åhUOo ñÌr H$mb H$er hmoVr? AmOMr ñÌrMr "Xem' Am{U CÚmMr "{Xem' `m~ÔbB{Vhmgmbmhr bmOdob Aem H$V©¥ËdmZ ZoV¥ËdmÀ`m _{hbm§Zr Amnbm doJim R>gm A_Q>dV `m g_mOmbmZdr {Xem {Xbr Amho.

N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zm KS>dUmè`m amO_mVm {OOmD$, _mVm a_mB©, _oar Pm±gr Zhr Xÿ§JrAg§ åhUUmar {dam§JUm ñÌr amUr bú_r~mB©, {ejUmÀ`m H«$m§VrMr Á`moV noQ>dyZ g_ñV ^maVdfm©bmCOiwZ Q>mH$Umar H«$m§VrÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo, AdH$memV Pon KoUmar H$ënZm Mmdbm, OJmbm_mV¥ËdmMm g§Xoe XoUmar _Xa Voaogm, ^maVmÀ`m n{hë`m _{hbm n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr Aem {H$VrVar_{hbm§Zr Amnë`m ^maVmMm B{Vhmg àH$me_mZ Ho$br. na§Vy EH$sH$S>o Aer ñWrVr AgVm§Zm `mhrH$mimV AZoH$ _hrbm Mwb Am{U _wb `m JV}V {IVnV nS>ë`m hmoË`m. VargwÕm MwbrnwT>o ~gwZñd`§nmH$ H$aVm H$aVm `m _{hbm§Zr ^mH$arVë`m {nR>mVyZ, ^mOrÀ`m {_R>mVyZ, H$ï>mÀ`m Km_mVyZ deoVmÀ`m H$m_mVyZ Amnë`m _wbm§da Oo g§ñH$ma Ho$bo Ë`mVwZM ^maVmMo AmXe© ZmJ[aH$ {Z_m©U Pmbo.

ñÌr`m§Mo H$V©¥Ëd AgwZ gwÕm Ë`m H$mimV ñÌr`m§Zm A~bm g_Ob§ Om`M§. Ë`m§Zm g_mOmÀ`mMm¡H$Q>rV amhd§ bmJm`M§. nwT>o EH${dgmì` eVH$mV àma§^ Pmbm d ñÌr nwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdwZH$m`© H$am`bm bmJbr. ñÌr`m§Mm e¡j{UH$ XOm© gwYmabm Va XþgarH$S>o `mM H$mimV ñÌr ^«wU hË`m,h§þS>m~ir, ~bmËH$ma, ñÌr`m§darb AË`mMma `mgma»`m KQ>Zmhr {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V Joë`m

Amnë`m g_mOmVrb gwg§ñH¥$VnUm Hw$R>o Jobm`? Agm àíZ `m KQ>Zm H$imë`mZ§Va nS>Vmo.EH$sH$S>o XþJm©, bú_r, gañdVr `m XodtMr AmamYZm H$aUmao bmoH$ XþgarH$S>o Ë`mM Xodrbm OÝ_mbmòÊ`mAJmoXaM _maV AmhoV, {VÀ`mda A_mZwf AË`mMma H$aV AmhoV. ñÌr hr B©ídamMr gdm©V gw§XaH$bmH¥$Vr Amho _J `m B©ídamÀ`m Zd{Z{_©Vr~m~V AmnU BVHo$ Jm\$sb H$m ?

ñÌr`m§da hmoUmè`m `m AË`mMmamV Hw$R>o Zm Hw$R>o ñÌr gwÕm O~m~Xma AgVoM. {XëbrV H$m`KS>b§ qH$dm JëbrV H$m` KS>V` `m~m~V nwÝhm gm§JÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr. ñÌr ^«wU hË`m Agmo dm

&& 71 &&

ñÌr`m§drb AË`mMma Agmo. `m KQ>Zm§Zm ñÌrM O~m~Xma AgVo. àËòH$ ñÌrZo Oa R>adb§ Va ZŠH$sMVr `m gd© Jmoï>tMm Zme H$ê$ eH$Vo.

ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X åhUmbo hmoVo H$s, ""{Jìh _r X h§S>o´S> Z{MHo$VmO² A±S> Am` embm M|O XrdëS>©'' AerM AXå` BÀN>meŠVr ~miJwZ CÚmÀ`m Vê$UtZr ñÌr eŠVrMm YJYJVm Ádmbm_wIr noQ>dwZg_ñV ^maVdfm©bm àH$me_mZ H$am`bm hd§. CÚmÀ`m Vê$UtZr XmIdwZ qXb§ nm{hOo H$s ""gm¡X`© hoAm_Mo gm_Ï`© Zmhr Va gm_Ï`© hoM gm¢X`© Amho.''`m CÚmÀ`m Vê$UtZm _r EdT>M gm§JoZ-

Vw ~Zw ZH$mog grVm Ë`m am_mMr

bmoH$ Vwbm A~bm åhUVrb

Vw ~Zw ZH$mo Ðm¡nXr Ë`m nm§S>dm§Mr

bmoH$ Vwbm d¡í`m åhUVrb

Vw hmo {OOmD$ Ë`m {ed~mMr

bmoH$ Vwbm amï´>_mVm åhUVrb

Vw hmo gm{dÌr Ë`m Á`mo{V~mMr

bmoH$ Vwbm H«$m§Vr Á`moVr åhUVrb

&& 72 &&

S>moB©Mm nXa Ambm Im§Úmdar & âë`m ~mOmar OmB©Z _r &&1&&hmVr KoB©Z Q>mi Im§Úmdar drUm & AmVm _O _ZmH$moU H$ar &&2&&n§T>arÀ`m noR>o _m§{S>̀ obo nmb & _ZJQ>mda Vob Kmbm Vwåhr &&3&&OZr åhUo Xodm _r Pmbo ògdm & {ZKmbo Ho$edm Kar VwP| &&4&&

- OZm~mB©

20. ñÌr OÝ_m VwPr H$hmUr

- _Jao {Z{eJ§Ym g§O`, ~mamdr dm{UÁ`

ñÌr OÝ_mMr H$hmZr gm§JV AgVmZm, EImÚm ñÌr Mm OÝ_ Pmë`mg Amnë`m g_mOmVAmOÀ`m H$mimVhr AmZ§X gmOam Ho$bm OmV Zmhr, Ogm H$s EImXm _wbJm OÝ_mg Amë`mda Ho$bmOmVmo. Ahmo Amnë`mH$S>o Va _wbJr OÝ_mg òD$ Zò åhUyZ AJmoXaM {d{dY àH$maMo Zdg Ho$boOmVmV. `m Zdgm_Üò Iwn n¡go dm`m Kmbdbo OmVmV. na§Vy `m gd© Jmoï>tZm _mPm Ho$di {damoY Amho.Oa H$m hoM n¡go CÚm OÝ_mbm Amboë`m _wbrÀ`m {ejUmgmR>r bmdbo Va CÚm Vr amï´>nVr, n§VàYmZ,_w»`_§Ìr `m§n¡H$s Hw$R>ë`mhr nXmda Agw eH$Vo.

Amnë`m g_mOmV Oa EImXm _wbJm OÝ_mg Ambm Va Ë`mbm d§emMm {Xdm åhQ>bo OmVo. nUOa EImXr _wbJr OÝ_mg Ambr Va Vrbm d§emMr nUVr H$m åhQ>bo OmV Zmhr? àËòH$ ñÌr Mr H$hmUr{h {VÀ`m OÝ_mnmgyZM gwê$ hmoVo. VrMm OÝ_ Pmë`mnmgyZM H$iV Z H$iV {VÀ`mda O~m~Xmè`mòD$Z nS>boë`m AgVmV.Vr EH$Q>r ñÌr EH$ Mm§Jbr AmB©, nËZr, ~{hU, _mder d EH$ Mm§Jbr _¡{ÌUAem {H$ËòH$ ^w{_H$m {Z^mdVo.

n{hë`m H$mimV ñÌr`m§da Omo AË`mMma hmoVm Vmo Z PmonmdUmam hmoVm. Oa EImÚm ñÌr Mm nVr_aU nmdbm Agob Va Ë`mÀ`m {MËVo~amo~a Vrbmhr Ë`mM AmJrV CS>r _mê$Z Ord Úmdm bmJV Ago.na§Vy S>m°. {^_amd am_Or Am§~oS>H$a `m§À`mgma»`m {H$ËòH$ _hmZ ZoË`m§Zr Aer "gVr' àWm _moSy>ZQ>mH$br. `m _hmZ ZoË`m§Zm OÝ_ XoUmarhr EH$ gd©gmYmaU ñÌrM hmoVr. OJmÀ`m B{VhmgmV AOam_aPmbobo N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO `m§Zm gwÕm OÝ_ XoUmar EH$ ñÌrM hmoVr.

Vwåhmbm amIr ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r ~{hU hdr, [\$aÊ`mgmR>r _¡ÌrU hdr, b½ZmgmR>r ~m`H$mo Va _J_wbJr H$m ZH$mo? Oa Vwåhr _wbrbmM OÝ_mg Zmhr òD$ {Xbo Va hr gd© ZmVr hiyhiy Zï> ìhm`bmbmJVrb _r Va Ago åhUoZ H$s, ho g§nyU© OJ EH$m ñÌr {edm` AYwao Amho.

Amnë`mH$S>o Ago åhQ>bo OmVo H$s, EH$ g\$b _mUgmÀ`m _mJo EH$m ñÌrMm hmV AgVmo. na§Vy_bm dmQ>Vo H$s, ho \$ŠV ~mobyZ XmIdÊ`mgmR>rM Amho. H$maU AmOhr ñÌr^«wU hËòMo à_mU H$_r PmboZmhr.

_bm gm§Jmdogo dmQ>Vo H$s, EH$ ñÌr hr XþYmgmaIr {Z_©i AgVo Oa AmnU Vrbm _mZ-g_mZVm, Ý`m` `m gd© Jmoï>r {Xë`m Va Vr gmIa ~ZwZ XþYmV {daKiyZ OmB©b. AmOÀ`m H$mimVàËòH$ joÌm_Üò ñÌr hr nwê$fm§À`m Im§Úmbm Im§Xm bmdyZ H$m_ H$arV Amho. nU AmOhr ñÌr^«wUhË`mHw$R>o Zm Hw$R>o MmbyM Amho. EH$m ñÌrMr H$hmZr OÝ_mbm `md`mÀ`m AmYrM g§ndbr OmV Amho.

EH$m _wbmbm OÝ_ XoUmar hr ñÌrM AgVo. Oa VrM Zï> hmoV Agob Va _wbJmhr OÝ_mbmòUma Zmhr. _wbJm d _wbJr ho EH$mM ZmÊ`mÀ`m XmoZ ~mOy AmhoV. Oa _wbJm d§emMm {Xdm Agob Va

&& 73 &&

_wbJr Ë`m {Xì`mMr dmV Amho. \$ŠV {Xdm AgyZ A§Yma Xÿa hmoV Zmhr Va Ë`mVrb dmV ñdV:OiVo Am{U

Z§VaM A§Yma Xþa hmoVmo.

ñÌrMo ZoV¥Ëd ho Iwn loð> Amho Am{U Ë`mV gdm©V _hmZ åhUOo AmB©Mo ZmVo AgVo. Vr EH$Mm§Jbr _¡{ÌU ~ZyZ _wbm§er ~mobVo. OJmVrb Hw$R>bmhr ì`ŠVr hm AmB© {dZm AYyam Amho. åhUyZMImbrb XomZ Amoitdê$Z Vo ñnï>H$amdogo dmQ>Vo.

""ñdm_r {VÝhr OJmMm

AmB© {dZm {^H$mar''

`m XmoZ Amoitdê$Z bjmV òVo H$s, OJmVrb H$moUVmhr {dÛmZ ì`ŠVr hm AmB© {dZm {^H$marMAmho. `m OJmV H$moUVmhr dñVy n¡emZo {dH$V KoVm òD$ eH$Vo nU AmB©Mo ào_ ho H$YrM {dH$V KoVm òD$eH$V Zmhr!

_mÂ`mH$Sy>Z _wbtgmR>r gw§Xa Agm EH$ _°goO.

nmdgmV OmñV [Ôy ZH$m

H$maU.....

gm`Ýg Zo àmon Ho$b`,

gmIa nmÊ`mV {daKiVo,

Am{U Vyåhr _ybr...

gmIaonojmhr JmoS>AmhmV !

&& 74 &&

H$m§ åhUm A~bm {Vbm & Vr e{º$embr Zmhr H$m§ ? &&H$m` H$_r Xodo Ho$bo & {VO _mZdmhþ{Z gm§J Zm ? &&

- VwH$S>moOr _hmamO

21. pñÌ`m§darb AË`mMma d Cnm`

- Jmonmb gmonmZamd bJS>, E_.Eñgr. {ÛVr` df©

"Vw Zmhrg Hw$UmMr Jwbm_ OmU `m AmËå`mbm Vy Amhog Vr {Obm Vmao òVmV ^y_rda ôQ>m`bm VyhmodyZr XmId Vr YJYJVr Ádmbm Or Zï>H$aob `m Amn_Vb~r A§Ymambm'

nwê$fmbm nmdbmonmdbr gmW XoUmar, g_mOmbm {ddoH$mMr MmbZm, boH$am~mim§Zm g§ñH$maXoUmar, H$V¥©ËVdmMr OmU R>odyZ, _hmZ ZoV¥Ëd H$ê$Z XoemMr _mZ C§MmdUmar eŠVr åhUOo ñÌr eŠVr.nU hrM ñÌr AmO AÝ`m`, AË`mMmamÀ`m, hþ§S>m~irÀ`m, ñÌr^«wU hËòÀ`m, _mZ{gH$ N>imÀ`mgmnù`mV AS>H$VmZm {XgV Amho. _hmnwê$f, g§V, _h§V,{dMmad§VmÀ`m {dMmamZo, Ë`m§À`m gH$mamË_H$nmdbmZo ñney©Z Joboë`m `m ^y_rV AmO ñÌr`m§À`m g§ajUmMm J§^ra àíZ {Z_m©U hmoVmZm {XgVAmhoV. d Ë`mM _wbm§Zm, nwê$fm§Zm pñÌ`m§Mm KmoiH$m Agob _wbr AgVrb Va N>oS>N>mS> qQ>Jb {Q>dmirHo$ë`m{edm` Ë`m§Mm {Xdg nyU©M hmoV Zmhr hmM nwê$fm§Mm Ah§H$ma ñÌr AË`mMmamg O~m~Xma Amho.

{ejUmMr _wëò, ñÌr-nwê$f g_mZVo {df`r OmJê$H$Vm KamKamV nmohmoMbr Va ñÌr`m§darbAË`mMma Wm§~y eH$Vrb. _amR>dmS>çmVrb N>oS>N>oS>rMo à_mU, Am¡a§Jm~mX_Yrb ehamVë`m hmXadyZQ>mH$Umè`m KQ>Zm ~{KVë`m H$s, AmnU {ejU KoD$Z {ejU ZmdmÀ`m nm{dÍ`mbm H$b§H$ bmdV AmhmoV,Ago _bm dmQ>Vo. àËòH$ `wdH$m§Zr {ejU KoD$Z, pñÌ`m§M ajU H$amd§. B§J«O gaHm$a AgVmZmgwÕmEdT>o AÝ`m` AË`mMma hmoV ZìhVo Vo AmO hmoVmhoV. Amnë`m g_mOmVrb pñÌ`m§{df`rMr Xþæ`__mZ{gH$Vm, åhUOo Cn^moJÊ`mMo gmYZ, hrM _mZ{gH$Vm ñÌr AË`mMmamg O~m~Xma Amho.

N>oS>N>mS>rMo d ~bmËH$mamMo à_mU Wm§~dÊ`mgmR>r g_mOmVrb OmJê$H$ ZmJ[aH$, OmJê$H$`wdH$ `m§À`m ghH$m`mªMr {ZVm§V JaO Amho. ñÌr`m§M ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUr_hm{dÚmd`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr JwßVhoa nmobrgm§Mr {Z`wŠVr doir bmB©Q>mMr `mo½`m ì`dñWm Agmdr. ñÌr`m§Zrghgm EH$Q>rZo amhÿ Zò, g_whmZo ahmdo d gm_whrH$ à{VH$ma H$amdm. N>oS>N>mS>rV, nrS>rV ñÌr`m§ZrH$moUË`mhr A{_fmbm ~br Z nS>Vm nmobrgm§H$S>o VH«$ma H$amdr qH$dm OmJê$H$ ZmJ[aH$m§Mr _XV ¿`mdr.H$ï>H$ar, H$m_Jma, H$_©Mmar `m pñÌ`mM gwÕm emofU hmoD$ eH$Vmo, Ë`mM emofU Pmë`mg Ë`m§Zr ZKm~aVm VH«$ma H$amdr pñÌ`m§Zr ñdV:Mr T>mb ~Zmd. ~aoMOU åhUVmV ñÌr`m§Zr ñdajUmMo YS>o ¿`mdo,H$amQ>rM à{ejU ¿`mdo, na§Vy {ddoH$dmXr, gX²gX²{ddoH$ ~wÕmMr {nT>r KS>ë`mg Ë`m§Zm ñdajUmMrJaOhr ^mgUma Zmhr.

AmOhr g_mOmVrb Ñï>rH$moZ {dH¥$V ^mdZm, {dMma ~XbZo JaOoMo Amho. A~w«À`m d g_mOmV~XZm_r hmoD$b, `m nmoQ>r AÝ`m` ghZ H$aZo AË`§V KmVH$ Amho. àËòH$ {dÚmÏ`m©Zr, ZmJ[aH$m§Zr,pñÌ`m§Zr `wdH$m§Zr S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a, Vmam~mB© qeXo, gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo `m§Mo ñÌr{df`H$ {dMmag_OyZ KoUo JaOoMo Amho.àËòH$mbm dmQ>V§ pñÌ`mdaMo AË`mMma Wm§~bo nm{hOoV, \$ŠV dmQ>V`, H¥$Vr_mÌ H$moUrhr H$aV Zmhr.

&& 75 &&

g_mOmV {dH¥$V ^mdZm {Z_m©U Pmë`m_wio {dMma_wëò, g§ñH$ma_wëò, {ZVr_Îmm Zï>Pmë`m_wio ñÌr`m§darb AË`mMma dmT>VM Amho. g§Vm§À`m ZmdmImbr g§V åhUyZ {_a{dUmao gwÕm `mJwÝømV gmnS>V AmhoV åhUyZ _bm EH$ H$drÀ`m Amoir AmR>dVmV,

"& ì`W© Jobm VwH$m

ì`W© kmZoída

g§VmMo nwH$ma

dm§P Pmbo.'

EImÚm ñÌrda AÝ`m` AË`mMma Pmbm Agob Va Ë`m ñÌrbm OJÊ`mM ~i XoD$Z, g_OyZgm§{JVë`mg øm ñÌrM Y¡`© dmSy>eH$Vmo. pñÌ`m§À`m {df`r {dÚmÏ`mªZr OmJ¥V Pmb§ nm{hOo. {dÚmÏ`mªZrS>m°. ~m~mgmho~m§Zr erbmMo _hËËd gm§{JVbo Amho, Vo g_OyZ KoVbo nm[hOo.

{dMma H$am {_Ìm§Zmo ñÌr ZgVr Va, d§e, AmB©, {à`gr,~hrU Amnë`mbm {_imbr AgVr H$m ?nmdbmonmdbr gmW XoUmar AYm©{JZr {_imbr AgVr H$m? `mMm {dMma H$am. ñÌr g§ajUmgmR>rg_mOmVrb àËòH$ KQ>H$mZ OmJê$H$ am{hbo nm{hOo. {dMma H$am amO_mVm _m± {OOmD$ ZgË`m VaAmXe©dmXr {edmOr KS>bm AgVm H$m? _m± {^_mB© ZgË`m Va _mUgmbm _mUgmMr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUmaoS>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a KS>bo AgVo H$m? `mMm {dMma AmOÀ`m `wdH$m§Zr H$amdm. `wdH$m§Zr H$Yrhr{ddoH$ gmoSy> Zò H$maU `wdH$ Xoem§Mr à_wI T>mb AgVmo. {OWo pñÌ`m§Mm gÝ_mZ Ho$bm OmVmo, AmXaHo$bm OmVmo, Ë`m amï´>mMr àJVr H$moUrhr amoIw eH$V Zmhr. EH$sH$S>o XodrMr nyOm Ho$br OmVo. _mÌ KaÀ`mbú_rbm H$Yrhr _mZ gÝ_mZ {Xbm OmV Zmhr. ho AÝ`m` AË`Mma Wm§~dm`Mo AgVrb pñÌ`m§{df`r{dH¥$V Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~Xbmdm.

g§V H$~ra åhUVmV,

Zmar h¡ Za H$s ImZ

Zmar go Zm hmoVm h¡,

{ed Am¡a Jm¡V_ Ho$ g_mZ &

&& 76 &&

g_mOr Omo nwéfm{g AmXa, V¡gm{M _{hbm§er Agmdm ì`dhma &qH$~hþZm A{YH$ Ë`m§Mm {dMma, Pmbm nm{hOo g_mOr &&

-VwH$S>moOr _hmamO

22. ñÌr A~bm H$s g~bm?

- d§XZm am_amd gmido, E_.E. B§½bre àW_ df©

ñÌr OÝ_m hr VwPr H$hmUr,

öX`r A_¥V Z`Zr nmUr,

Ë`mJmM àVrH$ Vr,

dmËgë`mM,_m`m-ào_

`mM _yVu_§V ê$n Vr,

_mV¥Ëd AZ² XmV¥Ëd `mMr {eXmoar Vr!

ñÌr A~bm H$s g~bm hm _hËËdmMm àíZ nS>Vmo na§Vy `mM CËVa IaoM gmnS>bo H$m? hmoV VaH$Yr Am{U Zmhr Va H$m? Oa Va `m ^maV^y_r _Üò AmhoV na§Vy ho {díd V`ma H$moUmnmgyZ Pmbo d OañÌr ZgVrM Va ho eŠ` AgVo H$m? ~è`mM àíZm§Mr CËVao Aer AgVmV H$r, Vo gmnS>Uo AeŠÀgVo. ^maV hm gwObm_² gw\$bm_² Xoe _mZVmo. na§Vy IaoM Amho H$m?

ñÌr hr A~bm g_Obr Va MwH$sMo Amho Ago AmnU _mZVmo. 21 do eVH$ Mmbw Amho. OJ {dkmZ`wJmV nmohMbo Amho. {d{dY H«$m§Vr AmT>iyZ òV Amho. àËòH$ joÌm_Üò ^maV hm EH$ {dH$gZerb Xoeg_Obm OmVmo. Bgdr gZmÀ`m nyd© ^maVmMm B{Vhmg nmhVm Oo ewadra amOo, ZoVo, H$V©~Jma nwê$fOÝ_mbm Ambo Ë`m_mJo Ë`m§À`m AmB©Mr {eH$dU hmoVr. AmO amoO dV©_mZ nÌmV ñÌr AË`mMmam~ÔbboI {Xbo OmVmV. àËòH$ ~mV_rV ñÌr AÝ`m` dV©dbm OmVmo ho H$m hmoV Amho? `mMm {dMma H$moUr H$mH$aV Zmhr? gwê$dmVrbm ñdmV§Í`mnydu ñÌr hr \$ŠV Mwb, _wb d Cn`mo½` dñVw g_Obr OmV Ago.`mCbQ>AmO n[apñWVr ~XbV OmV Amho. ñÌr Kag§gma gm§^miyZ ZmoH$ar H$ê$ bmJbr Amho.ñdV:À`m_ZmZwgma OJVmZm {XgV Amho. `m_mJo àoaUm Amho Ë`m H$V©~Jma d H$V©¥ËddmZ ñÌr`m§Mr H$sÁ`m§À`m_wio _hËËdnwU© ~Xb Pmbobm {XgV Amho. na§Vw gwê$dmV Hw$R>o Am{U eodQ> H$gm hm àíZ{Z_m©UY hmoVmo. ñÌr A~bmM åhUmdr bmJob H$maU XaamoO {H$Vr Q>ŠHo$ pñÌ`m AË`mMmamg ~irnS>VmZm {XgV Amho. 21 ì`m eVH$mV ^maV hm EH$ MH$_H$Umam Xoe Amho. gdmª{JU {dH$mg hm Ü`mg_JñÌr`m ~Xb hmoUmam AÝ`m` H$m Q>miVm òD$ eH$Vo Zmhr? N>oS>N>mS>, A_mZwfnUo hË`m, MMS

B§Q>aZoQ>da XmI{dÊ`m òUmao {dS>rAmo, ñÌr`m§~Ôb Aíbrb _m{hVr ho `mo½`m Amho H$m`? gm{dÌr~mB©\w$bo, PmerMr amUr, n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©, B§{Xam Jm§Yr, {H$aU ~oXr, à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rb, bVm _§JoeH$a,{OOmD$ , H$ënZm Mmdbm, øm ^maVr` ñÌr`m§M AmhoV Zm. Ë`mMr KS>U, {eH$dU, AmMma-{dMma Ë`m§MoH$m`© d e¡br OrdZ_mZ `mMm {dMma H$aÊ`mMr JaO am{hbr Zmhr H$m?

ñÌr g~bm H$Yr hmoB©b Ooìhm àËòH$mÀ`m _ZmV ñÌr{df`r gØmdZm AmXa {Z_m©U hmoB©b

&& 77 &&

Voìhm.. Om{hamVr dm BVa gmYZmÛmao XmI{dbr OmVo H$s ñÌr-nwê$f g_mZ Amho. na§Vy dmñVdm_Üò VgoAmho H$m? ñÌr`m§Zm Xþæ`_ ñWmZ H$m {Xbo OmVo. Omo nwê$f Amho Ë`mbm OÝ_ Va ñÌrZoM {Xbm Amho Zm_J H$m ñÌrnojm nwê$f loð> H$gm H$m` Pmbm? AmO ^yVH$mi AmR>dyZ dV©_mZ Am{U ^{dî`H$miR>adbm OmV Amho. Va _J ^maVmMm B{Vhmg ~Zob, pñÌ`m§Mr Oa Ë`m H$mimV H«$m§Vr Ho$br Va _J AmnUË`mda Mmbw nU eH$V ZmhrV H$m? gÜ`m ñÌreŠVr Zmam Jw§OV Amho.

{Xdm hm d§emMm Agmo qH$dm {XdmirMm H$gm dmQ>Vmo. Vo gm§Jm, M_H$Umam åhUOo àH$memMmñdV:VodV amhÿZ Xþgè`m§Zm àH$me XoUmam _J ñÌr nU ñdV: bm, Kambm, g_mOmbm àH$me XoÊ`mMoH$m`© H$amVo, Ago dmQ>V Zmhr H$m?AmO ñÌr A§VamimV OmdyZ òV Amho. ^maVmMm {Va§Jm amï´>nVrà{V^mVmB©Zo \$S>H$dbm {H$Vr Jdm©Mr d A{^_mZmMr Jmoï> Amho H$s AmO ^maV XoemV à{V^mg§nÝZñÌr`m§Zr OÝ_ KoVbm Amho. bmoH$gôÀ`m n{hë`m _{hbm g^mnVr _ram Hw$_ma, {H$aU ~oXr, H$ënZmMmdbm, gm{Z`m {_Pm©, gm`Zm Zohdmb. XoemV amOH$maU Agmo dm gmH$m{OH$ H«$m§Vr àËòH$ joÌmVñÌr`m§Mm gh^mJ AmT>iVmo. nwê$fm§nojm ñÌr`m§Mr CëboIZr` H$m_{Jar nmhÊ`mg {_iVo. gm{dÌrZo{ejUmMm dgm XoD$Z e¡j{UH$ H«$m§Vr KS>{dbr, Va {OOmD§$Zr g§ñH$ma {eH$dU XoD$Z ñdamÁ`mMm§{Z_m©Vm OmUVmo amOm-{ed~m KS>{dbm. Aem ~bembr H$V¥ËdmMo XmIbo B{Vhmg AmnUmg XoVmo dgm§JVmo H$s ñÌr hr Zoh_rM g~bm hmoVr, g~bm Amho Am{U H$m`_M g~bm amhUma `m ñÌrbm EdT>oMgm§JUo Amho H$s

""ñÌrËd VwÂ`mnmer,

Var gmè`m OJmMr Vw Xmer,

AmR>d Vr Pmer,

AZ² XmId `m ZamY_m§Zm J§Jm, H$mer''

&& 78 &&

AmVm Var Vwåhr _mJo òD$ ZH$m &{Y…H$méZr Q>mH$m _Zw_V &&{dÚm {eH$VmM nmdmb Vo gwI &¿`mdm _mPm boI OmoVr åhUo &&- gmd©O{ZH$ gË`Y_© - _.\w$bo

H¡$XH$ar

23. emoY Apñ_VoMm

- gw`©d§er {eënm {^_amd,> ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

hmo _r VrM,

~K Ë`m AWm§J gmJam_Üò,

ZXr à_mUo gm_mdyZ OmUmar

hmo _r {VM,

EH$m ~§YrñV qenë`mV g\o$X _moVr ~ZUmar

hmo _r {VM,

AmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar, AmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar

hmo _r {VM,

Xþgè`m_Üò ñdV:M ApñVËd emoYUmar,

hmo _r {VM,

BVam§M XþI: OmUUmar,

AmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar, AmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar.

""Zmar ~mnao! AmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar '' `m dmŠ`mVM {H$Vr dOZ dmQ>V`. Va _J, àË`jmVAmOÀ`m OJmMr Zmar H$er Agob?

àË`jmV Amåhr Ag§M BH$Sw>b -{VH$Sy>Z EoH$Vmo, ""AmOH$s Zmar, g~no ^mar''

nU ì`dhmamV Ia§M Ag§ Amho H$m? Am_À`m ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrV AJXr àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZåhUOo qgYw g§ñH¥$VrV pñÌ`m§Zm nwê$fm§~amo~aMo qH$~hwZm Ë`m§À`mnojmhr _hËËdmMo ñWmZ àmßV hmoVmo.åhUwZM Va Vr g§ñH¥$Vr Eo{VhmgrH$ X²ï>̀ m {H$Vr g§nÝZ hmoVr. nU CËVad¡XrH$ H$mbI§S>mV AmåhrAm_Mr _wi g§ñH¥$Vr {dgê$Z AJXr amjgm§à_mUo dmJV am{hbmo, åhUOo H$m` Va, EH$m pñÌbm ñÌrAm{U AmOhr Amåhr H$mhr à_mUmV {Vbm Ag§M g_OV AgVmo. pñÌ`m§Zm {ejUmMm hŠH$ Amåhr {XbmZmhr, Ë`m§Zm Amnb§ _V _m§S>y {Xb Zmhr, `mMm n[aUm_ Agm Pmbm H$s AmOMr AmYy{ZH$ pñÌgwÕmH$Yr-H$Yr Amnbo nmD$b nyT>o Q>mH$Ê`mg hOma doiog g_mOmMm {dMma H$aVo d _ZmV AgVm§Zm gwÕmg_mO H$m` åhZoZ? bmoH$ H$m`§ åhUVrb? `m_wio Amnë`m _ZmVrb BÀN>m gwÕm nU© H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr.H$em_wio Va g_mOm_wio.

""Aao ~mnao! {H$Vr øm ~m`m gJù`m joÌmV AJXr _mUgm§à_mUo, _mUgm§Mr ~amo~arH$aÊ`mgmR>r ZwgVr MT>mAmoT> H$aV AmhoV. {H$Vrhr Ho$b§ Va øm§Zm am§Ym, dmS>m d Cï>r H$mT>m `m

&& 79 &&

g{_H$aUmnmgyZ JË`§Va Zmhr.' Varhr ZwgVr YS>nS>H$emgmR>r ?'

Agm {dMma H$aUmao ì`ŠVr AmOhr Amnë`m g_mOmV ApñVËdmV AmhoV øm ì`pŠV¨À`màËòH$ CËVambm AJXr g_W©nUo CËVa XoV AmOMr AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr {dH$mgmÀ`m CÀM {eIam§da OmD$Z{damO_mZ Pmbr Amho. d OmV amhVrb `mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. Á`m à_mUo hmVmMr gd© ~moQ>o gmaIrMZgVmV AJXr Ë`mM à_mUo àËòH$ _mUgmMo {dMma pñÌ`m§~Ôb ZH$mamË_H$M AgVrb ho H$emdê$Z?ñÌr`m§Zm _XV H$aUmao {VÀ`m ~Ôb{dMma H$aUmao, {VMm àJVrgmR>r {POUmao nwê$f XoIrb Amnë`mMg_mOm_Üò AmhoV ho {dgaVm H$m_m Zò.

pñÌ Am{U Mwb-_wb ho g_rH$aU AmVm H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV bwßV Pmbo Amho. nU nwdu ñÌrMr OrAdñWm hmoVr, Ë`m AdñWoV Ë`m ñdV:bmM àíZ {dMmaV hmoË`m, Amnb§ ApñVËd emoYV hmoË`m,

_r _bmM emoYVo,

_r _bmM nmhVo,

Zm OmZo H$er _r habo

H$er _r hadbo

nU _r,

_bmM emoYVo, _r _bmM nmhVo.

nU AmVm pñÌ`m§ ñdV:Mo ApñVËd AmoiIm`bm bmJë`mV AmVm n[apñWVr ~XbV MmbbrAmho. d AmOÀ`m pñÌ`m _moR>çm A{^_mZmZo åhUVmV.

Am`wî`mÀ`m jU^§Jwa jUmV,

Am`wî`mÀ`m jU^§Jwa jUm§V,

_r _mPoM§ EoH$b§,

Oo hmoVo _ZmV

ñdV:da A{^_mZmZo

_r hr hgbo,

H$maU,

_r _mÂ`mV _bmM emoKbo,

_r _mÂ`mV _bmM emoYbo.

_mÂ`m øm ^maVmMo ZmdM _wir, ^m=_hmZ, aV= OZVm Agm hmoVmo. åhUOo WmoS>Š`mV H$m`Va Á`m àXoemV _hmZ OZVm dmñVd H$aVo Amåhr Ë`m àXoembm _moR>çm A{^_mZmZo Amåhr ^maVg§~moYVmo Am{U `mV H$mhr J¡a hr Zmhr. nU MyH$sÀ`m _mZdr àd¥Îmr_wio Am_À`m `m g§ñH¥$Vrbm, Or gd©

&& 80 &&

OJmV loð>Amho {Vbm Jmi~moQ>bmJV Amho. H$maU AmO Amåhmbm, Am_À`m `m _m`^w{_V Am_À`m_mVm-^{JZm§Zm g_mOmV _wŠVnUo dmda§ H$aÊ`mMr n[apñWVrM am{hbr Zmhr. Ag H$m hmoV§? `mMCËVa àËòH$mZ§ AmnmAmnë`m _Zmbm {dMmamdo H$maU Amnb§ _Z AmnUmg Ho$ìhmM ImoQ>§ ~mobV Zmhr.hmo Am_Mm pñÌ`m§àVr Ñï>rH$moZ hm ~XbV Mmbbm` nU H$gm? ZH$mamË_H$ {H$ gH$mamË_H$ hm {dMmaH$aUo H$mimMr JaO Pmbr Amho.

"" pñÌhr AZoH$ ^mdZm§nmgwZ ~Zbobr _hmZ à{V_m Amho.''

pñÌ`m§Zm _mJo AmoT>Ê`mMo H$m_ \$ŠV nwê$fM H$aVmo Zmhr Va, pñÌ`m§À`m AYmoJ{Vbm pñÌ`m hr VodT>çmMO~m~Xma AmhoV OodT>o nwê$f AmhoV. ho {dgaVm H$m_m Zò. H$mhr OZ Ago åhUVmV H$s pñÌ`m ømnwê$fm§er ~m¡ÕrH$nmVirda g_mZVm H$ê$ eH$Vrb nU Ooìhm em[a[aH$ nmVirda(physicle leval)

Ë`m {H$Vrhr Va nwê$fm§er ~amo~ar H$ê$M eH$V ZmhrV Am{U ho åhUÝ`mMo à_mU pñÌ`m§_ÜòM OmñVAmho.H$maU Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bm AmUIrZ AmoiIb§M Zmhr. nU _r _mÌ Ago åhUoZ H$s, ñÌr EodT>r epŠVEH$m nwê$fmV H$Yr òD$M eH$V Zmhr, H$maU "Vr ñÌrM Amho Or Amnë`mVwZ EH$m ZdrZ {Odmbm OÝ_XoVo, EH$m ZdrZ {OdmMr {Z_uVr H$aVo' ho gd© H$aVmZm Ë`m pñÌbm {H$Vr doXZm hmoV AgVrb `mMrH$ënZm H$aZoM AdKS>Amho. `mVM pñÌ`m§Mr Iar epŠVMo Xe©Z KS>Vo. d pñÌÀ`m pñÌËdmMr OmUrd deŠVrMr OmUrd hmoVo.

pñÌM§ _mV¥Ëd ho pñÌMr Iar eŠVr Amho H$maU Ooìhm, {VÀ`m Amnë`mda H$mhr g§H$Q>Ambo Va,Vo g§H$Q>Vr ñdV:da AmoT>dwZ KoÊ`mg _mJo-nwT>o nmhV Zmhr åhUwZ Va åhUVmV.

""pñÌhr jUm§Mr nËZr d

AZ§VH$mirMr _mVm AgVo.''

pñÌM§ pñÌËdM§ {VMr Iar epŠV AgVo, {VM§ pñÌËd ho {VÀ`m _mV¥ËdmV AgVo. _mV¥Ëdm_wioMpñÌbm pñÌËd àmßV hmoVo. àËòH$ nwê$fm hm Amnë`m ghMaUrV gwYm Amnë`m _mVoMr PiH$ emoYÊ`mMmà`ËZ H$aVmo.

WmoS>Š`m§V gm§Jm`M Pmë`mg ñÌrM Ia§ ê$n ho {VÀ`m OdiÀ`m _mUgm§da Adb§~wZ AgVo,pñÌbm g_OwZ KoUmar _mUgo {VÀ`m AmOy~mOybm nm{hOoV, {VÀ`m Am`wî`mV nm{hOo, _J ~Km, Vr H$eràJVr H$aVo, ñdV:MrM ZmhrVa Amnë`m _mUgm§Mr gwÕm.

eodQ>r AgoM åhUob H$s, pñÌMr Iar eŠVr hr {Vbm g_OwZ KoUmè`m {VÀ`m OdiÀ`m_mUgm§V AgVo.

&& 81 &&

qhXr {d^mJ

1. gm`Zm Zohdmb

- _mD$br {g. nw§S>, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

VmarI 17 AJñV 2015 OmJVrH$ ~°S>q_Q>Z H$s A§{V_ bT>V _| JVdf© {dOoVr {H$am°{bZ Zogm`Zm Zohdmb H$mo ham`m, bo{H$Z dh n{hbr ^maVr` _{hbm h¡, {OgZo Cg ñnYm© Ho$ A§{V_ Xm¡a _|AnZr OJh ~ZmB© &

gm`Zm Zohdmb H$m OÝ_ 17 _mM© 1990 _o h[a`mUm Ho$ {hñgma _§o hþAm & Am°{bpånH$ Iob Ho$Cnm§Ë`nyd© Xm¡a _o nhþ±MZo dmbr n{hbr ^maVr` _{hbm h¡ & {\$bhmb dh OmJ{VH$ Á`w{ZAa ~°S>q_Q>ZOrV MwH$s h¡& Am¡a `h {OVZo dmbr n{hbr _{hbm h¡, gZ 2006 _| g§nÝZ hþB© B§S>moZo{e`Z Iwbr ñnYm©_o§ {dOoVm ~Zo gm`Zm Zohdmb nhbr ^maVr` _{hbm ~Zr &

30 OwbmB©2010 dh {XZ O~ gm`Zm H$mo gmb 2009-10 H$m amOrd Jm§Yr IobaËZ nwañH$ma{_bm & _mM© 2012 _o gm`Zm Zohdmb Zo "pñdg AmonZ ñnYm©' H$m {IVm~ AnZo Zm_ H$a {b`m & b§XZAm°{bpånH$ 2012 _o ~°S>q_Q>Z Iob _o§ "H$m§ñ` nXH$' hm{gb {H$`m, `h {dH«$_ H$aZo dmbr dh nhbr^maVr` _{hbm h¡& gmb 2014 go gm`Zm Zohdmb nyd© à{ejH$ {d_b Hw$_ma Ho$ _mJ©Xe©Z _| àXe©ZH$a ahr h¡&

AmO h_o Jd© hmoVm h¡, Zmar H$mo Iob Ho$ _¡XmZ _| CnbpãY`m± àmßV H$aVo hþE XoIH$a& Hw$N>_{hbmò§ gm`Zm Zohdmb, gm{Z`m {_Pm©, _oar H$mo_ Am{X& BZ g~ H$mo Cg H${R>ZmB© go JwOaZm nS>m h¡,{Ogo AmO h_ ""_{hbm g~brH$aU H$m Ah_ H$m§Q>m _mZVo h¡&''

&& 82 &&

2. ""^maV {H$ ñÌr epŠV''

- OrdZqgJ gwH$mqgJ ~mdar, ~r.H$m°_. V¥Vr` df©

""~w§Xobo ha~mobm| Ho$ _w±h go

h_Zo gwZr H$hmZr Wr

Iw~ bS>r _Xm©Zr dh Vmo

Pm°§grdmbr amZr Wr&''

^maV H$m B{Vhmg Ë`mJ Am¡a ~{bXmZm| go âm nS>m h¡ & AZoH$ ewa dram| Zo Xoe {H$ _mZ-_`m©Xm Ho$ Im{Va AnZo àmUmo§ {H$ AmhþVr Xr h¡ & BZ_o N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamO, ^JV qgh, amUrbú_r~mB©, _hmË_m Jm§Yr, amOJwê$, gwIXod BË`mXr Amo Ho$ Zm_ Bg_o em{_b h¡&

^maV `h EH$ nwê$f àYmZ Xoe h¡ & Am¡a `hm± Am¡aVmo§ H$mo nwê$fm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo H$_ g_Pm OmVmh¡& bS>H$s`m± d _{hbmEo Ho$db agmoB© Am¡a ~ÀMmo H$mo g§^mbZo Ho$ {bE ~Zr h¡ Eogr Hw$N> nwê$f àYmZì`pŠV`m| {H$ YmaUm h¡& na§Vy AmO Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ `wJ _o§ _{hbmAm| Zo IwX H$mo gm{~V H$a {XIm`m h¡, {H$do Ka d ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW nwam Xoe ^r g§°^mb gH$Vr h¡& BgH$m CXmhaU lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§YrOr h¡& BgHo$gmW nwê$fmo§ Ho$ _wH$m~bo _{hbm±E ha joÌ _o AmJo ~T>ahr h¡& _{hbm±Amo H$mo O~ VH$ gå_mZ Zhr {_boJmV~ VH$ Xoe AmJo Zhr ~T>gH$Vm& {dH$[gV amï´>mo§ Zo ^r Bg ~mV H$mo AnZm {b`m h¡& {gIm| Ho$ àW_ Jwê$lr Jwê$ ZmZH$XodOr, g§V H$~ra Zm_Xod, g§V VwH$mam_ O¡go AZoH$ g§Vmo Zo Zmar H$mo {deof _hËd {X`mh¡& {Og amï´>_o§ Zmar H$mo _mZgå_mZ Zhr {X`m OmVm, dh amï´>H$^r {dH${gV d CÝZ{V {H$ Am¡a Zhr~T>gH$Vm & ñÌr`m| Zo AmO IwX H$mo gm{~V H$a {XIm`m h¡ {H$, do {H$gr go H$_ Zhr h¡& CÝhm|Zo ha joÌ _oAnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© ~±{H$J {H$ ~mV {H$ OmE Vmo M§Xm H$moMa go nhbo h_§o H$moB© Zm_ `mX ZhrAmVm & do EH$ à^mdr EH$ AmXe© ì`pŠV_Ëd h¡& amOZr{V {H$ ~mV {H$ OmEo Vmo `hm± ^r ñÌr`m| Zo AnZm n¡aO_m aIm h¡& lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr, gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr, n§H$Om _w§S>o, gwf_m ñdamO, ñ_¥Vr B©amZr, ha {g_aZH$m¡a ~mXb Am{X EH$ g\$b amO{ZVrH$ Ho$ ê$n _o CâH$a Am`r hþB© Zmar`m| Ho$ Zm_ h¡&

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&& 83 &&

Mmdbm O¡gr Amg_mZ _o CS>mZ â gH$Vr h¡& B§{Xam Jm§Yr, {H$aZ ~oXr, M§Xm H$moMa, H$m§MZ Mm¡Yar BÝhr{H$ Vah EH$ à^mdr ñÌr ~ZH$a AnZo _m±-~mn d nwao Xoe H$m Zm_ amoeZ H$a gH$Vr h¡&

Zmar Xoe {H$ OmZ h¡&

Zmar Xoe {H$ emZ h¡&

{Og Xoe _o Z hmo Zmar`m| H$m gå_mZ

dh Xoe hr ~oB©_mZ h¡&

^maV {H$ CZ g^r Zmar`m| H$mo

_oam eV: eV: àUm_ &

&& O` qhX &&

&& 84 &&

3. AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr- amD$V ñZohb {dídZmW, ~r.Eñgr. Eg.dm`

Hw$N>df© nwd© EH$ ñÌr H$m OrdZ ~S>m hr {nS>mXm`H$ Wm ! _mZmo O¡go {H$ CgH$m OrdZ hr Xw:I,XX© Am¡a nrS>m ghZo Ho$ {bE hþAm hmo& OÝ_ go boH$a _¥Ë`w VH$ Cgo ha H${R>ZmB©`mo§ H$m gm_Zm H$aZmnS>Vm Wm& OrdZ Ho$ ha EH$ nS>md _o§ Cgo R>mo§H$ao ImZr nS>Vr Wr&

dh ñÌr AnZm gmam OrdZ Xþgam| Ho$ {bE hr OrVr Wr& Cgo CnZm gmam OrdZ Xþgamo§ {H$ godm _o§hr ì`VrV H$aZm nS>Vm Wm& n[adma hmo `m g_mO CgHo$ OrdZ H$m Oam gm ^r _wë` Zhr§ Wm& Cgo n¡amo Ho$Yyb Ho$ g_mZ _mZm OmVm Wm& Cg ñÌr Ho$ OrdZ H mo AJa H$hr _hËËd Wm Vmo dmo {g\©$ nm[admarH$ H$V©ì`VH$ hr _`m©{XV Wm& dh AnZm gmam OrdZ Xþgamo Ho$ Iwer Ho$ {bE g_{n©V H$a XoVr Wr& dh ñÌr MmamoAmoa go gm_m{OH$ ~§YZmo go ~§Yr hþB© Wr&

dh EH$ A~bm Zmar ~Z MwH$s Wr& g_mO _o Cgo VwÀN> _mZm OmVm Wm& Cgna hmoZo dmbmAÝ`m`. AË`mMma, dh ghZ H$a boVr Wr& OrdZ _o H$X_-H$X_ na CgHo$ gmW AY_© hmoVm Wm& dhñÌr gm_m{OH$ AË`mMmamo§ Ho$ MH«$ì`yh _o Bg Vah \±$g JB© Wr {H$, dhm± go {ZH$bZm _wpíH$b Wm& Š`m|{H$AkmZVm Am¡a gm_m{OH$ X~md Ho$ H$maU Cg na hmoZo dmbo AË`mMma dh Mwn-Mmn ghZ H$a boVrWr&dh EH$ H$_Omoa, A~bm Zmar ~Zr Wr& Hw$N>Bg Vah ñÌr H$m ñWmZ g_mO _o§ Wm &

na§Vy, Hw$N> {XZmo§ ~mX {Og Vah h_mar ^maV _mVm A§J«oOmo Ho$ M§Jyb (~§YZ) go AmOmX hÿB©,Cgr Vah AmO H s ñÌr ^r ñdV§Ì hmo JB© h¡& AmO H$s ñÌr ha ~§YZmo go _wŠV hmo JB© h¡& {ejm Am¡agm_m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ MbVo ñÌr Ho$ OrdZ H$mo EH$ Z`m AmH$ma {_bZo bJm& {ejm Ho$ H$maU Cgo g_mO_| _hËd {_b J`m h¡&AmO {H$ ñÌr AÝ`m`, AË`mMma ghZ Zhr H$aVr dh BZ g~Ho$ {Ibm\$ AmdmOCR>m ahr h¡&

AmO Ho$ O_mZo _o ñÌr Zo ha EH$ joÌ _| AnZm _hËËdnyU© ñWmZ ~Zm {b`m h¡& dh g~ Ho$ gmWH$m_ H$a ahr h¡& dh ha _wpíH$bm§o H$m gm_Zm H$aHo$ AmJo ~T>ahr h¡& AmO Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr Zo IwX H$moKa H$s Mma{Xdmar go {ZH$mb H$a H$_© joÌ _o bm IS>m {H$`m h¡& AmO Ho$ ñÌr Ho$ {dMma _o ^r ~Xbmd Amaho h¡& AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr n[adm[aH$ H$V©ì` Am¡a gm_mOrH$ Xm{`Ëdmo H$mo ~S>r AmgmZr go g±^mb {X`m h¡&~XbVo `wJ Ho$ gmW-gmW ñÌr Zo AnZo Amn H$mo EH$ Zò gm±Mo _o T>mb {b`m h¡& AmO ha joÌ _o 100%_{hbmE± g_mO _o§ CÀM ñWmZ na h¡&

AmO Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr Zo ha joÌ _o AnZm `moJXmZ {X`m h¡& O¡go {H$ Iob, {ejm, V§ÌkmZ,g_mO `hm± VH$ H$s amOH$maU _§o ha AnZo _wÔmo§ H$mo boH$a IS>r h¡& BZ g^r joÌm§o _§o ñÌr Zo AnZr EH$ ZB©nhMmZ ~Zm br h¡&

Bg Vah AmO {H$ AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr ~S>r hr à^mdembr Am¡a epŠVembr ~Z JB© h¡& CgZo g_mO_o§ AnZm AbJ ñWmZ ~Zm {b`m h¡& AmO H$s AmYw{ZH$ ñÌr h_mao Xoe H$o CÁOdb ^{dî` H$m_hËËdnwU© CXmhaU h¡& EH$ ñÌr Ho$ dOh go h_mam g_mO AmJo ~T>ahm h¡& Bgr Vah AJa Xoe H$s gmar_{hbmE± {ejm àmßV H$a Ho$ AmJo ~T>Zo bJo Vmo gmam Xoe AmJo ~T>gH$Vm h¡&

&& 85 &&

4. Aê$ÝY{V ^Å>mMm`©- _mD$br {g. nw§S>, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

Aê$ÝY{V ^Å>mMm`© (OÝ_ 18 _mM© 1956) dV©_mZ _o ^maV Ho$ g~go ~S>o ~±H$ ^maVr` ñQ>oQ>~±H$ H$s MoAang©Z h¡& CÝhm|Zo 7 AŠVy~a 2013 H$mo `h nX J¥hU {H$`m& CÝhmoZo 30 {gV§~a H$mo Bg nXgo [aQ>mà hþE lr àVrn Mm¡Yar H$m ñWmZ {b`m&CnbpãY`m±:-

Bg {Z`wŠVr Ho$ gmW hr EH$ gmW H$B© CnbpãY`m± CZHo$ Zm_ H$s gmW OwS>JB© h¡& ^maVr` ñQ>oQ>~±H$ (ñWm{nV 1806 Bgdr) Ho$ Xmo eVmãX²r`m| Ho$ B{Vhmg _o§ Bg ~±H$ Ho$ gdm}ÀM nX na nwhþ§°MZo dmbr doàW_ _{hbm h¡, gmW hr ^maVr` ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ {H$ 24 dr§ MoAang©Z h¡& {\$bhmb dh {H$gr ^r ^maVr`H§$nZr H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$a gH$Vr h¡&

`{X {g\©$ ~±{H$J H$s ~mV {H$ OmE Vmo {dídâ _| do EH$_mÌ _{hbm h¡, Omo n{ÌH$m _| 500 [bñQ>_§o AmZo dmbo [H$gr ^r ~±H$ H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$aVr h¡& ^Å>mMm`© ^maV H$s gdm©{YH$ epŠVembr _{hbmAm| _|ew_ma hmo JB©&H$[aà :-

Aê$ÝY{V Zo 1966 _| EH$ ~Vm¡a àmo~oeZar Ho$ Vm¡a na ^maVr` ñQ>oQ>~±H$ ÁdmBZ {H$`m& AnZo36 Ho$ H$[aà _| CÝhmoZo ~±{H$J Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {d^mJm| _o§ H$m_ {H$`m h¡& dh Eg~rAmB© Ho$ Ý`y`m°H©$ Am°{\$g_o§ ^r H$m_ H$a MwH$s h¡ dh Eg~rAmB© H°${nQ>b _mH}$Q²>g H$r _¡ZoqOJ S>màoŠQ>a ^r ah MwH$s h¡& ^maVr`[aOd© ~±H$ H$o JdZ©a aKwam_ amOZ {H$ AÜ`jVm _o§ ~Zr M`Z g{_Vr Zo A§VV: Aê$ÝY{V H$m M`Z{H$`m &

&& 86 &&

5. ñÌr epŠV

- H$mQ>H$a lÕm AVwbamd, E_.E. {hÝXr {ÛVr` df©

AmO H$s _{hbmAmo§ H$m H$m_ Ho$db Ka-J¥hñWr g§^mbZo VH$ hr gr{_V Zhr h¡, do AnZrCnpñW{V ha joÌ _| XO© H$am ahr h¢& {~OZog hmo `m n[adma _{hbmAm| Zo gm{~V H$a {X`m h¡ {H$ do haH$m_ H$aHo$ {XIm gH$Vr h¡ Omo nwê$f g_PVo h¡ [H$ dhm°§ Ho$db CZH$m hr dM©ñd h¡, A{YH$ma h¡& O¡go hrCÝh| {ejm {_br, CZH$s g_P _§o d¥{Õ hþB©& IwX H$mo AmË_{Z^©a ~ZmZo H$s gmoM Am¡a BÀN>m CËnÝZ hþB©&{ejm {_b OmZo go _{hbmAm| Zo AnZo na {dœmg H$aZm grIm Am¡a Ka Ho$ ~mha H$s Xþ{Z`m H$mo OrV boZoH$m gnZm ~wZ {b`m Am¡a {H$gr hÔ VH$ nwam ^r H$a {b`m& bo[H$Z nwê$f AnZo gå_mZ Ho$ gmW {IbdmS>H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$^r Cg na hmW CR>mVm h¡& g_` ~Xb OmZo H$o ~mX ^r nwê$f AmO ^r _{hbmAm| H$mo ~am~arH$m XOm© XoZm ng§X Zhr H$aVo, CZH$s _mZ{gH$Vm AmO ^r nhbo O¡gr hr h¡ {ddmh Ho$ ~mX CÝho EogmbJVm h¡ {H$ A~ A{YH$m[aH$ Vm¡a na CÝh| AnZr nËZr Ho$ gmW _manrQ>H$aZo H$m bm`g|g {_b J`m h¡&emXr Ho$ ~mX AJa ~oQ>r hmo JB© Vmo do gmoMVo h¢ {H$ Cgo§ emXr Ho$ ~mX Xþgao Ka OmZm h¡ Vmo Cgo nT>m-{bImH$a IM© Š`m| H$aZm& bo{H$Z O~ gaH$ma CÝho bmS>br bú_r O¡gr `moOZmAm| H$m bmbM XoVr h¡, Vmo dhCgo nT>mZo Ho$ {bE ^r V¡`ma hmo OmVo h¡, Am¡a h_ `h g_PZo bJVo h¡, {H$ n[admam| H$s _mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbahr & Xþ^m©½` H$r ~mV h¡ {H$ Zmar gepŠVH$aU H$s ~mV| Am¡a `moOZmE§ Ho$db eham| VH$ hr {g_Q>H$a ahJB© h¢& EH$ Amoa ~S>o ehamo Am¡a _oQ´>mo {gQ>r _o§ ahZo dmbr _{hbmE§ {e{jV, Am{W©H$ ê$n go ñdV§Ì, ZB©gmoM dmbr, D$§Mo nXm§o na H$m_ H$aZo dmbr _{hbmE§ h¡, Omo nwê$fmo Ho$ AË`mMmamo H$mo {H$gr ^r ê$n _§o ghZZhr§ H$aZm MmhVt& dht Xÿgar Va\$ Jm°§dm§o _| ahZo dmbr _{hbmE°§ h¢, Omo Zm Vmo AnZo A{YH$mamo§ H$moOmZVr h¢ Am¡a Zm hr CÝho AnZmVr h¡§& do AË`mMmamo§ Am¡a gm_m{OH$ ~§YZmo§ H$s BVZr AmXr hmo MwH$s H$sA~ CÝho§ dhm§° go {ZH$bZo _| S>a bJVm h¡& do Cgr H$mo AnZr {Z`Vr g_PH$a ~¡R>JB© h¢& h_ IwX H$moAmYw{ZH$ H$hZo bJo h¡, bo{H$Z gM `h h¡ {H$ _m°S>©ZmBOoeZ {g\©$ h_mao nhZmdo _o§ Am`m h¡ bo{H$Z{dMmamo go h_mam g_mO AmO ^r {nN>S>m hþAm h¡& AmO _{hbm§E± EH$ Hw$eb J¥{hUr go boH$a EH$ g\$bì`dgm`r H$s ^y{_H$m ~ohVa VarHo$ go {Z^m ahr h¢& ZB© nrT>r H$s _{hbmE°§ Vmo ñd`§ H$mo nwê$fm| go ~ohVagm{~V H$aZo H$m EH$ ^r _m¡H$m JdmZm Zhr MmhVr& boH$sZ Jm§°d Am¡a eha H$s Bg Xÿar H$mo {_Q>mZm Oê$arh¡& dV©_mZ n[aàoú` _o§ _{hbm H$mo `{X g\$bVm H$m n`m©` H$hm OmE Vmo `h A{Ve`mopŠV Zhr hmoJr&AmO ^maVr` _{hbmE± ha joÌ _o§ nwê$fm| Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym {_bmH$a Xoe H$s àJVr _| ^mJrXma ~Z ahr h¢&AnZo ~w{Õ H$m¡eb, gmhg d OrV H$o OÁ~o go _{hbmE± Ohm± AnZo Ka-n[adma _| Hw$eb J¥{hUr ~ZH$ag~H$s dmhdmhr nm ahr h¢, dhr§ ò _{hbmE± H$mnm}aoQ>goŠQ>a _o AnZr à{V^m Ho$ Obdo {XImH$a Xoe Am¡aXþ{Z`m H$mo ^Å>r Mm¢H$m ahr h¡& `{X h_ ^maVr` _{hbmE± H$mnm}aoQ>goŠQ>a{dœ _| pñWVr H$s ~mV H$a§o VmoAmnHo$ g_j EH$ Mm¢H$m XoZo dmbm gM AmEJm& B©E_E nmQ>©Za B§Q>aZoeZb Ho$ gd} Ho$ _wVm{~H$ ^maV _o§H$ar~ 10 \$sgXr _{hbmE± ~S>r-~S>r H§$n{Z`m| _| grB©Amo O¡go CÀM nX na H$m{~O h¢& dhr§ A_o[aH$m O¡go{dH${gV Xoe _o§ _mÌ 3 \$sgXr _{hbmE± A_o[aH$m H$s \$mÀ`w©Z 500 H§$n{Z`m| _o§ H$m`©aV h¢& `h A§Va

&& 87 &&

Zhr h¢&

h_mao gm_Zo B§{Xam ZyB©, M§Xm H$moMa O¡gr H$B© g\$b _{hbmAm| Ho$ CXmhaU h¢, AmO H$m°nm}aoQ>goŠQ>a _| _{hbmAm| H$s AmXe© ~ZH$a Xoe H$s g^r g\$b _{hbmAm| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$a ahr h¢&

h_mao gm_Zo B§{Xam ZyB©, M§Xm H$moMa O¡gr H$B© g\$b _{hbmAm| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$a ahr h¢&H$m°nm}aoQ>hr Š`m A~ Vmo amOZr{V Ho$ joÌ _| _{hbmAm| H$s XIb n[adV©Z H$m EH$ ew^ g§Ho$V hmo ahr h¡ &[\$a Mmho dh _Z_mohZ H$mo {Xem-{ZX}e XoZo dmbr gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr hmo `m {\$a ~rOonr H$s MVwa amOZr{Vkgwf_m ñdamO hr Š`m| Z hm|, CÎma àXoe H$s H$_mZ g§^mbZo dmbr _m`mdVr hmo `m {\$a AÝZmÐ_wH$ H$sO`b{bVm hr Š`m| Z hmo, AmO BZ g^r H$s AnZr nmQ>u _| AmO ^r AbJ hr YmH$ h¡& ^maVr` _{hbmAm|H$s àJ{V H$ht Z H$ht h_mao CXma Ñ{ï>H$moZ d _{hbmAm| Ho$ à{V gå_mZ Ho$ ^mdZm H$m hr n[aUm_ h¡&{ejm {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡&

`{X _{hbm _{hbmE± {e{jV hmo§Jr, Vmo H$b H$mo CgHo$ ~ÀMo ^r {e{jV hm|Jo Am¡a Bg Vah h_mamXoe ^r EH$ gmja Xoe ~ZoJm& H$b VH$ {ejm go d§{MV ahZo dmbr Jm°§d H$s ~oQ>r`m± ^r AmO {ejm _o§ ê${Mbo ahr h¡& dV©_mZ _o§ _{hbm H$r àJVr d {ejm ^{dî` _| Xoe Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ D$g X¡{Xß`_mZ gwaO Ho$CX` H$m AmJmO h¡, Omo H$b h_mao Xoe H$mo ^r {dH${gV Xoem| H$s àW_ loUr _| bmH$a IS>m H$a XoJm&

^maVr` _{hbmAm| Zo {Zü` hr amOZr{V, ì`dgm` `m ì`mnm[aH$ OJV _| g\$bVm H$s gmargr_mE°§ VmoS>Xr h¢ VWm ImgVm¡a na ehar _{hbmAm| Zo H$[aà d ì`pŠVJV ng§X Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| _|A^yVnyd© g\$bVm A{O©V H$aVo hþE AnZr ñdV§ÌVm H$s _m§°J H$mo _O~yVr àXmZ H$s h¡&

hmbm{H$ gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vm©Am| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$, BZ g~Ho$ ~mdOyX EH$ gM `h ^r h¡ {H$,gS>H$m| na, J{b`m| _|, H$m`m©b`m| _|, AnZo hr Kamo _§o `hm§ VH$ {H$ J^© _o§ ^r _{hbmE± AnZr gwajm H$moboH$a S>ar hþB© h¢& EH$ _{hbm H$m`©H$Vm© Zo H$hm {H$ Xoe H$s EH$ Ia~ go ^r Á`mXm H$s Am~mXr H$mo XoIVohþEo, {Og_§o AmYr Ho$ bJ^J _{hbm§E h¢, O_rZr gÀMmB© ~hþV H$S>dr h¡ VWm g_mO _| pñÌ`m| H$s ~ohXIam~ pñWVr H$mo Xem©Vm h¡&

_{hbmAm| Ûmam V_m_ A{O©V g\$bVmAm§o Ho$ ~mdOyX amï´>r` _{hbm Am`moJ (EZgrS>ãë`y)Ho$ Am±H$S>mo§ Ho$ AZwgma ^maV _o§ g§J{R>V joÌ _o§ _{hbmAm| H$s ^mJrXmar _mÌ 25.6 à{VeV h¡& BZ {XZmo§gm_Zo na^r XþîH$_© H$r KQ>ZmAmo§ go gm{~V hmoVm h¡ {H$, _{hbmAm| H$mo Z {g\©$ gmd©O{ZH$ OJhmo§ naamoOmZm Xþì`©dhma H$m gm_Zm H$aZm nS>Vm h¡, ~pëH$ Kam| Ed§ XâVam| _§o ^r CZ na qhgH$ Aícrb h_bo{H$E OmVo h¢& _{hbm H$m`©H$Vm© gmoZmbr ImZ Ho$ AZwgma g_` Ho$ gmW _{hbmAm| H$s pñWVr ~Xbr h¡bo{H$Z A^r ~hþV Hw$N>{H$`m OmZm ~mH$s h¡&

EH$ d¡{œH$ _mZdm{YH$ma g§JR>Z, ~o«H$W«y H$s CnmÜ`j ImZ Zo H$hm {H$, ^maVr` _{hbmAm| ZoAnZr ÑT>BÀN>meŠVr Ho$ ~b na gm_m{OH$ Ed§ noeoda ñVa na ~hþV gr g\$bVmE°§ A{O©V h¡§& Amn H$moB©^r joÌ bo {b{OE, _{hbmE°§ ha OJh nhþ§M MwH$s h¡§ {Og_o§ {ejm H$m g~go ~S>m `moJXmZ h¡& ImZ Zo H$hm{H$ AmO h_mao g_mO _o§ AZoH$ _{hbmE§° erf© nXm| na nhþ°§M MwH$s h¢ VWm ~hþV gr _{hbmE°§ IwX H$mo

&& 88 &&

gm{~V H$aZo Ho$ {bE gm_Zo Am ahr h¡& bo{H$Z BgHo$ gmW hr gÀMmB© `h ^r h¡ H$s$ gm_m{OH$ [aVr`m± Ed§Xþ^m©dZmE AmO ^r H$m`_ h¢ Omo CZH$s VaŠH$s _o§ ~mYm nhþ°§Mm ahr h¢ & bo{IH$m H$_bm ^grZ Ho$ AZwgma"gaH$ma Ûmam noe {H$E JE Am_ JOQ> _o§ _{hbmAm| H$mo H§|$Ð _| aIH$a CR>mE JE H$X_m| go g_mO _|_{hbmAm| H$mo VaŠH$s H$aZo _r _XX {_boJr&' ^grZ Zo H$hm {H$, g~go AÀN>r ~mV `h h¡ {H$ b¢{JH$g_mZVm na AmYm[aV g^r {df` AmO _w»`Ymam _o§ em{_b H$a {bE JE h¢& A~ VH$ Xoe _o§ noe {H$E OmMwHo$ g^r ~OQ>mo H$o ~mX qbJ AmYm[aV ~OQ>H$m àmdYmZ H$a {X`m J`m h¡& g§{dYmZ VWm H$mZyZm| _| ^rA~ _{hbmAm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a gwYma {H$E Om aho h¢& hmbm§{H$ Bg ~mV go g^r gh_V h¢ {H$ _{hbmAm|H$mo Am{W©H$ Ñ{ï>go ñdmdb§~r ~ZmZo H$o {bE VWm g_mO _| ~am~ar H$m gå_mZ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE A^rHw$N> {deof H$X_ CR>mE OmZo H$s Oê$aV h¡& BZ g~Ho$ ~mdOyX _{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE A^r nyam Amg_mZ~mH$s h¡&

^maV Ho$ Omo g~go epŠVembr àYmZ _§Ìr aho h¡, CZ_| go EH$ _{hbm Wr& àYmZ _§Ìr B§{XamJm§Yr Zo nwar _O~yVr Ho$ gmW emgZ {H$`m VWm XeH$mo§ VH$ bJ^J nyar Vah nwê$fm§o Ho$ dM©ñd dmbo_§{Ì_§S>b H$m ZoV¥Ëd {H$`m Am¡a ^maV H$mo AH$mb Ed§ `wÕ go {ZH$mb H$a h[aV H«$m§{V Ho$ Xm¡a _| S>mbm{OgZo ^maVr` H¥${f H mo n[ad{V©V H$a {X`m& H$B© df© ~mX, CZH$s nwÌ dYw gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr Zo Xoe _o§ g~gonwamZo amOZr{VH$ Xb H$r bJm_ AnZo hmW _| br VWm AnZo Xb H$mo OrV {XbmB© na§Vw àYmZ _§Ìr ~ZZogo _Zm H$a {X`m Am¡a dñVwV: AnZo {Zð>mdmZ gh`moJr S>m°. _Z_mohZ qgh H$mo àYmZ _§Ìr {Z`wŠV{H$`m&

^maV H$s dV©_mZ {dXoe _§Ìr gwf_m ñdamO Zo Omo Bg nX H$m H$m`©^ma g§^mbZo dmbr Xÿgar_{hbm h¢, nhbr Eogr _{hbm B§{Xam Jm§Yr Wr&

CÚmoJ OJV _| ^r h_mao nmg AZoH$ _{hbm ZoVm h¢& MoÝZB© _| OÝ_r B§{Xam ZyB© {díd H$s Mm¡Wrg~go ~S>r ImÚ Ed§ no` nXmW© H§$nZr nopßgH$mo H$s AÜ`j Ed§ _w»` H$m`©nmbH$ A{YH$mar h¢&\$maÀ`yZ _¡½ZrO Zo 2006 _| ì`dgm` _| g~go VmH$Vda _{hbm Ho$ ê$n _| CZH$m M`Z {H$`m& M§XmH$moÀMa ^maV Ho$ g~go ~S>o {ZOr ~¢H$ AmB© gr AmB© ~¢H$ H$s grB©Amo Ed§ à~§Y {ZXoeH$ h¢&

Iob OJV _§o gm{Z`m {_Om© ^maV go A~ VH$ H$s gdm©oÀM a¢H$ dmbr Q>o{Zg {IbmS>r h¢& _oarH$m°_ Zo nm§M ~ma dëS>© E_oMa ~m°pŠg¨J M¢{n`Z{en OrVr h¡ &

dh EH$_mÌ _{hbm _wŠHo$~mO h¢ {OÝhmoZo 6 {díd M¢{nZ{en _§o go àËòH$ Ho$ nXH$ {OVZo Ho$Abmdm EH$ Amob§{nH$ nXH$ ^r {OVm h¢& CÝhm|Zo à{VñnYu Iob H$mo AnZmZo Ho$ {bE Xoe g¡H$S>mo§bS>{H$`m| H$mo ào[aV {H$`m h¡& BZHo$ {OVZr hr àoaUmñnX Zm¡OdmZ gmB©Zm Zohdmb ^r h¢ Omo Eogr nhbr^maVr` _{hbm h¡ {OÝhm|Zo Amob§{nH$ _| ~¡S>q_Q>Z _| nXH$ OrVm h¡&

^maVr` _{hbm bo{IH$mAm| O¡go {H$ Aê§$YVr am`, Pwånm b{har, AZrVm XogmB© Zo AZoH$A§Vam©ï´>r` gm{hpË`H$ nwañH$ma VWm d¡{œH$ ñVa na AmbmoMH$m| H$s àe§gm OrVr h¡&

BgHo$ ~mX Eogr _{hbmE§° h¢ Omo H$B© ~ma àH$me AmE ~J¡a VWm AWH$ ê$n go g_mO H$o {bE H$m_

&& 89 &&

H$aVr h¢& _oYm nmQ>H$a Zo gm_m{OH$ ê$n go X{bV bmoJm| Ho$ {bE H$m_ {H$`m h¡& Omo ~S>r {dH$mgn[a`moOZmAmo§ H$o H$maU {dñWm{nV hmo OmVo h¡, _Xa Q>oaogm H$s "{gñQ>g© Am°\$ M¡[aQ>r' Jar~m| Ed§ gr_m§VbmoJmo Ho$ ~rM AWH$ ê$n go H$m_ H$aVr h¡&

Bbm ^Q>Zo goë\$ B§ßbm`S>dw_Z Egmo{eEgZ (godm) H$m JR>Z {H$`m Omo J«m_rU _{hbmAm§o Ho$~rM amoOJma àXmZ H$aZo _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ joÌ _| _{hbm AMrdg© H$s gyMr Eogr h¡ Omo H$^r g_mßV Zhr§hmoJr&

XeH$m| go ~m°{bdyS>Ho$ {bE gwZhar Ed§ _Ywa AmdmO H$s Üd{Z _§JoímH$a Ed§ Amem ^mogbo goboH$a bmoH${à` Ed§ àe§{gV Zm{`H$mE§° O¡go H$s e~mZm AO_r, _rZm Hw$_mar, Eoíd`m© am` Am¡a [\$ë__oH$a O¡go {H$, _ram Zmà Ed§ H$ënZm bmO_r & Eogr à{V^m H$m YZr ^maVr` {\$ë_, {deof ê$n go _w~B©_| ~Zr [\$ë_m| Zo nyar Xþ{Z`m Ho$ Xe©H$m| H$mo _mo{hV {H$`m h¡&

hmbm§H$s dV©_mZ _{hbm AMrdg© H$r gwMr AmH$f©H$ h¡, Eogr ^maVr` _{hbmAm| H$s gwMr ^rg_mZ ê$n go _hÎmdnyU© h¡ {OÝhmoZo B{Vhmg _| AnZm Zm_ H$_m`m h¡& àmMrZ nmR>Xem©Vo h¡§ {H$ d¡{XH$H$mb _o ^maV H$s _{hbmAmo§ H$s {ejm VH$ nhþ§M Wr VWm CZH$mo nwê$fmo H$s Vah hr bJ^J g_mZA{YH$ma àmßV Wo& a{O`m gwëVmZ, Mm±X ~r~r, amZr bú_r~mB© E¡gr {dam§JZmE§ h¢ {OZH$s ~hmXþar Ed§gmhg H$s JmWmE§ AmO ^r gwZmB© OmVr h¡& AZoH$ _{hbm ZoVmAm| Zo ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ _| _hËVdnyU©^y{_H$m {Z^mB© h¡ VWm AÝ` _{hbmAm| Zo VËH$m{bZ amOdmS>mo _| _hmamZr Ho$ ê$n _| ^r emgZ {H$`m h¡&^maVr` g§{dYmZ g^r _{hbmAm| H$mo g_mZVm H$s VWm amÁ` Ûmam H$moB© ôX^md Z {H$E OmZo H$s Jma§Q>rXoVm h¡ na§Vw [eeo H$s Xrdma VmoS>Zm ì`dhma _| EH$ ^`§H$a `wÕ h¡& J«m_rU ^maV _| H$m`© ~b _§o_{hbmAm| H$mo AZwnmV bJ^J 85 à{VeV h¡ na§Vw em`X hr do O_rZ H$s _m{bH$ h¢&

ehar ^maV _| CZH$s CnpñW{V H$m`m©b`m| Ed§ {Z_m©U ñWbm| na {XImB© XoVr h¡ na§Vw CZH$moCZHo$ nwê$f g_H$jm| H$s VwbZm _| H$_ ^wJVmZ {X`m OmVm h¢& AnZo A{YH$mam| Ed§ {Oå_oXmar`m| Ho$ ~mao_| ^maVr` _{hbmAm| _| OmJê$H$Vm ~T>Zo Ho$ gmW hr do A{YH$ hR>Y_u ~ZVr Om ahr h¢, MwZm¡Vr ñdrH$maH$aZo Ho$ {bE VËna VWm AnZo nwê$f g_H$jm| Ho$ gmW H$X_Vmb H$aZo Ho$ {bE V¡`ma h¡, H$X_ ~T>mZo Ho${bE V¡`ma ^maV _| _{hbmAm| H$mo Xoe H$s g\$bVm JmWm H$m A{^ÝZ A§J ~ZZm hmoJm&

{OÝhmoZo AbJ-AbJ joÌmo§ _o§AnZr à{V^mAmo H$mo boH$a IwX EH$ H$m_`m~ B_oO ~ZmB© h¡&{g\©$ `hr Zhr§ bmoJmo Ho$ {bE IwX H$mo àoaUmñÌmoV ~Zm {b`m h¡. ò do _{hbmE§ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo AnZr VaŠH$sH$s amh na AnZr H$_Omo[a`m| H$mo hr AnZr VmH$V ~Zm br Am¡a {ZH$b nS>r emohaV nmZo Ho$ g\$a na._margm _oà, Omo Bg g_` `mhÿ H$s grB©Amo h¡, dOu{Z`m amo_oQ>r H$s IBM dV©_mZ Moà_¡Z, ào{gS>|Q>Am¡a grB©Amo. OoHo$ amoqbJ.

à{gÕ Zm°dob h¡ar nm°Q>a H$s bo{IH$m OoHo$ amoqbJ Zo gm{hË` Ho$ joÌ _| AnZm Zm_ Iw~ O_m`mH$mobpå~`m `wZrd{g©Q>r go nr.EM.S>r. [agM©a ZrZm Q>§S>Z h¡, H$mobpå~`m H$s hr ñQ>o_ goëg Am¡a {Q>ewB§Or{ZàtJ b¡~ _§o H$m_ H$aVr h¡. `hm§ BÝhm|Zo hr hmQ>© AQ>¡H$ Ho$ _arOmo§ Ho$ {Xb _o Iam~ nmQ>© H$mo ghr

&& 90 &&

H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$m{S>©`H$ {Q>ew H$mo {dH${gV {H$`m. gwgmZ dmo{OñH$s, dV©_mZ _| `y Q>çy~ H$s grB©Amo Bggonhbo 1999 _| JyJb H$s nhbr _mH}$Q>tJ _¡ZoOa Wt. _¡ar ~mam, OZab _moQ>g© H$s Mr\$ EŠOoŠ`y{Q>dAm°{\$ga _¡ar H$mo _oOa ½bmo~b Am°Q>mo_oH$a H$r nhbr grB©Amo ~ZZo H$m gå_mZ àmßV hþAm & ^maVr`g_mO nwê$f àYmZ ahm h¡& n[adma Am¡a g_mO Ho$ {bE do EH$ Am{lV go Á`mXm Hw$N>Zhr§ g_Pr OmVr Wt&Eogm _mZm OmVm Wm {H$ Cgo ha H$X_ na nwê$f Ho$ ghmao H$s Oê$aV nS>oJr hr&

bo{H$Z A~ _{hbm CËWmZ H$mo _hËd H$m {df` _mZVo hþE H$B© à`mg {H$E Om aho h¢ Am¡a {nN>boHw$N> dfm} _| _{hbm gepŠVH$aU H$o H$m`m} _o VoOr ^r AmB© h¡& AmO Oê$aV h¡ EH$ ñdñW g_mO Ho${Z_m©U H$s , EH$ ghr {Xem XoZo H$s Am¡a ñÌr H$mo CgH$m ñdê$n dmng àXmZ H$aZo H$s Am¡a BgHo$ {bECgo IwX EH$ nhb H$aZr hmoJr AnZr gmoM H$mo ghr AmH$ma Am¡a {Xem XoZr hmoJr&

&& 91&&

6. "Zmar H$m _hËËd'- qnnio {edH$Ý`m CÕdamd, ~r. Eñgr. {ÛVr` df©

_§¡ Xgdr H$jm _§o Wr& V~ _¡ {~_ma nS>JB© Am¡a AnZo nmnm Ho$ gmW AñnVmb _o§ J`r& _wPo A^r^r `mX h¡ Cg g_` na J^©nmV H$m à_mU ~hþV Á`mXm ~T>J`m Wm Am¡a g^r Va\$ "bS>H$s ~Mmd Xoe~Mmdm|'! Bg Vah Ho$ Zmao "Zmar hr Xoe H$r eŠVr h¡' Bg Vah Ho$ Zmao gwZZo _o Am aho Wo& S>m°ŠQ>a H$sAnm°B§Q>_|ÝQ>_o dŠV Wm Bg{bE h_ doQ>tJ ê$_ _o ~¡R>JE& dhm± ^r ~S>o ~S>o nmoñQ>a bJmò Wo& dh H$moB© ^rAm_ AmX_r nT>Vm Vmo Zmar Ho$ ~mao _o gmoMZo bJVm& Cgna {bIm Wm H$s&

"_m± Mm{hE bo{H$Z ~oQ>r Zhr' Am¡a ~hZ, Mm{hE ^m^r, _m_r `h bmoJ Mm{hE bo{H$Z bS>H$sZhr& AJa h_ bS>{H$`m± `h nT>o ^r Vmo {H$VZm A{O~ bJVm h¡ Zm& _wPo dh nT>H$a Eogm bJm H$s em`XZmar H$s hË`m Am¡a J^©nmV H$_ hmo Bg{bE bJm`m hmoJm& _¡Zo H$hr§ na _amR>r H${d H$s H${dVm nT>r dh_wPo AMmZH$ go `mX Am J`r Cg H${dVm Ho$ ~mob Eogo Wo H$s -

"ZH$mo _mê$ AmB© _bm, OÝ_ hm hmoD$ Xo&Vw Ogo nm{hbo, OJ, _bm hr nmhÿ Xo&'{H$VZm Hw$N>Nw>nm h¡ Zm Bg Xmo n§pŠV`mo§ _o& Zhr Vmo AmOH$b Ho$ bmoJ {H$VZo ñdmWr© ~Z JE h¡&

EH$ Va\$ XþJm© _m± {H$ nwOm H$aVo h¡ Vmo Xþgar Va\$ Ka H$s Zmar H$m An_mZ Am¡a AË`mMma H$aVo h¡& AJaAmO {H$gr Ho$ Ka _o bS>H$s n¡Xm hþB© Vmo _m± Ho$ {gdm Am¡a {H$gr Ho$ ^r Mohao no AmZ§X `m Iwer ZOa ZhrAmVr& Eogm Š`m|? h_mao ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V _o Vmo h_mao nyd©Omo _o hþAm h¡ H$s, AJa bS>H$r nhbr hþB© Vmo dmoKa _o bú_r Ho$ ê$n AmVr h¡ Am¡a AmO ^r h_mao g§ñH¥${V _o "H$Ý`mXmZ' g~go ~S>m XmZ _mZm OmVm h¡ &{\$a ^r h_o bS>H$s Zhr Mm{hE&

{_Ìmo, AmnH$mo `mX h¡ h_ nmR>embm _§o Wo V~ h_ gw{dMma `m ñdV§ÌVm {XZ hr Vmo Zmao "{OgHo$hmV _o nmbZo H$s añgr dhr Bg Xþ{Z`m H$m ^bm H$ar' Am¡a _amR>r _| ^r EH$ Wr _wbm nojm "_wbJr ~aràH$me XoVo XmoÝhr Kar' gmoMZo bJo Vmo ~hþV Hw$N>g_P AmVm h¡ A~, V~ h_ bmoJ BVZm gmoMVo Zht Wo&

AJa h_ AmO H$s Zmar Ho$ ~mao _o ~VmE Vmo EH$ gm`H$b MbmZo go boH$a hdmB© OhmO MbmZoVH$ Zmar H$m{~b h¡& Am¡a ha joÌ _o nwê$fmo Ho$ ~am~a H$m_ H$a ahr h¡& Hw$N> pñÌ`m Vmo Eogr h¡ H$s h_CZH$m Zm_ ~S>o Jm¡ad go boVo h¡& O¡go H$s {H$aU ~oXr gm{Z`m {_Pm© H$ënZm Mmdbm, _oar H$mo_ BZ na^maV ZmO H$aVm h¡& bo[H$Z {\$a ^r BZ g~ H$mo lo` OmVm h¡& dh ^r EH$ Zmar h¡& Amn ~Vm gH$Vo h¡?Mbmo, {R>H$ h¡ _¡§ ~VmVr hÿ± dh h¡ gm{dÌr ~mB© \w$bo {OZHo$ H$maU AmO {H$ _{hbm BVZr AmJo {ZH$b J`rh¡& CÝho ^wbZm h_ Zm[a`mo go g§^d Zhr hmoJm& Š`m§o{H$ CZHo$ {~Zm h_ AmO Ka _o ~¡R>H$a ImZm nH$mVo,~V©Z _m±OVo, H$nS>o YmoVo, `h g~ AmO gmoMVo ^r h¡ Vmo h_mao amo_-amo_ IS>o hmo OmVo h¡& Bg{bE AmO _¢g~ Zm[a`mo H$s Va\$go CZH$m ew{H«$`m AXm H$aVr hþ± &

`h g~ gmoMVo-gmoMVo H$~ dŠV {ZH$b J`m nVm hr Zhr Mbm& Am¡a AMmZH$ A§Xa go S>m°ŠQ>agmh~ H$s AmdmO Am`r& Am¡a h_ BbmO Ho$ {bE {ZH$b JE&

&& 92 &&

7. ZmarepŠV H$m _hËËd

- {g_m ~mbmgmho~ _wio, ~r. H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

B©ída Zo Bg Xþ{Z`m _o§ g~go gw§Xa AZ_mob Vmoh\$m {X`m h¡& Zm_ Zmar h¡ Zmar EH$ Bg OJVH$m Eogm Vmoh\$m h¡, Omo BÝgmZ H$mo ^JdmZ Zo {dZm_wë` {X`m h¡& BÝgmZ Zo Bg Vmoh\$o H$m AÀN>m »`mbaIZm Mm{hE& Zmar h_mao nmg ^JdmZ H$s A_mZV h¡& Zmar H$mo _mZ gå_mZ XoZm Mm{hE&

Zmar :- Xþ{Z`m _| g~go nhbo h_ gmoMVo h¡& AmO h_ Bg Xþ{Z`m _| Or aho h¡& Vmo CgH$s dOh h_o OÝ_XoZo dmbr h_mar _m±& dh ^r EH$ Zmar h¡& Zmar Ho$ ê$n AZoH$ h¡& _m± H$m ê$n ha BÝgmZ H$m AÀN>o go »`mbaIZo Ho$ {bE& ~hZ H$m ê$n AnZo ^mB© H$s XoI^mb H$aZo Ho$ {bE & AnZo ^mB© H$mo amIr ~m§YZo Ho$ {bE&nËZr Ho$ ê$n _| Zmar AnZo nVr H$mo ~hþV gmam ß`ma XoVr h¡& AnZo n[adma H$m Ü`mZ aIVr h¡& ~oQ>r Ho$ê$n _| eamaV H$aVr h¡& AnZo n[adma _| h_oem Iw{e`m± bmVr h¡& Zmar H$m ha ê$n AnZo H$V©ì` H$mo nwamH$aVm h¡&

Zmare{ŠV :-

Zmar EH$ Eogr epŠV h¡& Omo ^JdmZ Zo h_o XþJm© Ho$ ê$n _o {XImB© h¡& Zmar na O~ AË`mMmahmoVo h¡& V~ Zmar XþJm© H$m AdVma YmaU H$aVr h¡& Zmar _| ~hþV e{ŠV h¡& na dh e{ŠV dŠV AmZo na{XImVr h¡&

AmO g_mO _§o Zmar H$m gå_mZ Zhr§ {H$`m OmVm h¡& Š`mo§{H$ BÝgmZ H$mo loð>_mZVo h¡& bo{H$ZZmar H$m gÝ_mZ hmoZm Oê$ar h¡& àmMrZ H$mb _§o Zmar H$m ~hþV _mZ gÝ_mZ H$aVo Wo& AmO h_ XoIVo h¡&O_mZm ~Xb MwH$m h¡& bmoJ Zmar H$mo ~war ZOa go XoIVo h¡& BgH$o H$maU g_mO _| AË`mMma ~T>J`m h¡&g_mO _| bS>H$s`mo§ na ~bmËH$ma hmoZo dmbo KQ>Zm H$mo gwZVo h¡&

AmO h_ {Q>. dr. na XoIVo h¡& 15-16 gmb H$s bS>H$s na ~bmËH$ma {H$E OmVo h¡& Zmar naAË`mMma a±{JJ Ho$ ~mao _| gwZVo h¡& Zmar H$m AmO H$o g_mO _| An_mZ {H$`m OmVm h¡ & AmOH$b {XëbrHo$ ~g _| bS>H$s na {XZ _| AË`mMma {H$ò OmVo h¡& bo{H$Z Cg g_` H$moB© ^r CgH$mo _XV Zhr H$aVm&BgH$m H$maU h¡ S>a& AmO g^r bmoH$ _m¡V go S>aVo h¡& bo{H$Z g~ Zo {_bH$a Cg g_` Cg bS>H$s H$sghm`Vm H$aZr Mm{hE& g~ bmoJmo Zo {_bH$a `h gmoM ~ZmB© Vmo EH$Vm _| ~hþV VmH$X h¡& Vmo AË`mMmaH$aZodmbm Hw$N>Zhr H$a gH$Vm&

AmO g_mO _| Oê$aV h¡& h_| hm¡gbm ~T>mZo H$s g_mO _§o Zmar H$m _hËËd ~T>mZo H$s & Zmar H$mEH$ ê$n _m± ^r h¡& AJa h_ Xoe H$r à{Vkm H$mo Ü`mZ go nT>o Vmo Cg _o§ {bIm h¡& "g^r ^maVr` _oao ^mB©-~hZ h¡&' h_ Cg n§pŠV`m± H$mo ~ma-~ma nT>Vo h¢ & bo{H$Z Cg H$mo g_PZm ~hþV Oê$ar h¡ & CgH$m AW©g_PZm AmO _hËËdnwU© h¡& AmO go h_ g^r Zmar H$mo h_mar _m±-~hZ g_P|Jo& Vmo Xoe _| ~bmËH$maAË`mMma Eogr KQ>Zm H$^r Zhr hmoJr& Zmar na H$^r AË`mMma Zhr hm|Jo&

&& 93 &&

h_o AmOgo `h gmoMZm Mm{hE& Zmar H$mo _m±, ~hZ Ho$ ê$n _o XoIZm Mm{hE& CZH$m AmXagËH$ma H$aZm Mm{hE& Bg Ho$ H$maU g_mO _| ñÌr H$m _hËËd ~T>|Jm &

Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡&

Voam ^r A{^_mZ h¡&

eŠVr H$m Vw ê$n h¡&

VwPo _o§ ^r ^JdmZ h¡&

Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡&

Zmar Bg Xoe H$m A{^_mZ h¡& AmO g^r joÌ _| Zmar H$mo ñWmZ {X`m OmVm h¡& Zmar H$mo amOH$s`joÌ _| 50% AmajU {X`m h¡& Bg Ho$ H$maU ñÌr AmJo ~T>Zo bJr h¡& Zmar ì`dgm` joÌ _o§ AJ«oga h¡&Zmar BÝgmZ H$mo ha H$m_ _| _XV H$a gH$Vr h¡& Zmar AnZo n[adma H$r emZ h¡ & Zmar AnZm H$V©ìÀÀN>r Vah nwam H$aVr h¡ & Bg{bE H$hVo h¡&

Zmar EH$ {ZemUr h¡ &

g_mO H$r emZ h¡&

n[adma H$m _mZ h¡&

Xoe H$m A{^_mZ h¡&

g§ñH$mamo H$r ImZ h¡&

BÝgmZ H$r OmZ h¡&

^JdmZ H$m XmZ h¡&

_m± Ho$ ê$n H$m daXmZ h¡&

`h g~ Vmo Zmar

eŠVr H$s nhMmZ h¡&

&& 94 &&

8. Zmar epŠV

- YZlr Omoer, ~r.H$m°_. Q>r.dm`

Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡&

Voam ^r A{^_mZ h¡&

eŠVr H$m Vw ê$n h¡&

VwP _o ^r ^JdmZ h¡& Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡&&

XoI Voar ò ß`mar __Vm&

VwP no g~ Hw$~m©Z h¡&

VwZo h_H$mo OZ_ {X`m h¡&

VwPgo hr ò AmZ h¡& Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡& Zmar Vw _hmZ h¡&&

AmO H$s Zmar H$m g\$a MwZm¡Vrâm Oê$a h¡& na AmO Cg_o MwZm¡{V`mo| go bS>Zo H$m gmhg AmJ`m h¡& AnZo AmË_{dídmg Ho$ ~b na AmO dh Xþ{Z`m _| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~Zm ahr h¡& ZmareŠVr g~go ~S>r eŠVr h¡& AmO H$s Zmar Am{W©H$ Am¡a _mZ{gH$ ê$n go AmË_{Z^©a h¡& MwZm¡{V`m| H$mh±gH$a gm_Zm H$aZo dmbr _{hbmE± AmO ha joÌ _o AnZm bmohm _Zdm ahr h¡& H$b VH$ ^mdZmË_H$ ê$ngo ahr H$_Omoa _{hbmE± AmO AmË_{Z^©a ~Z ahr h¡&

AnZr j_VmAm| go _{hbmAm§o Zo AmO nwê$fm§o H$mo nrN>o N>moS>Vo hþE n[adma Am¡a g_mO Ho$ gm_ZoAnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡& Zmar H$mo A~bm H$hm OmVm h¡, Vmo H$moB© Bgo ~bm ^r H$hVo h¡& pH$ÝVw`{X gH$mamË_H$ ê$n go {dMma H$ao Vmo Zmar Bg g¥ï>r H$s dh aMZm h¡, Omo eŠVr H$m gmjmV AdVma h¡,Y¡`© Am¡a ghZerbVm H$s à{V_m h¡& Zmar H$^r H$_Omoa ahm H$aVr Wr& bo{H$Z A~ Zmar g~go ~S>rVmH$X h¡& Xoe Ho$ {dH$mg _o Zmar H$m `moJXmZ A_wë` h¡&

g§ñH¥$V _o H$hm J`m h¡: "`Ì Zm`©ñVw nyÁ`ÝVo, a_ÝVo VÌ XodVm' BgH$m AW© `h h¡ {H$, Ohm±naZmar H$s nyOm H$r OmVr h¡, dhm± ^JdmZ Am¡a XodVm ahVo h¡&

ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X Zo H$hm Wm {H$ Zmar eŠVr Hw$N>Zhr ~pëH$ Xodr _m± H$m AdVma h¡& Zmar Ho$nmg ào_, X`m, Ë`mJ, ~{bXmZ, VmH$X O¡gr MrOo h¡& Zmar eŠVr H$^r g_mßV Zhr§ hmo gH$Vr& gw~h goboH$a em_ VH$ Zmar ~hþV àH$ma Ho$ H$m_ H$aVr h¡& dh AnZo AmIar gm±g VH$ ~oQ>r, nËZr, ~hþ, _m± Ho$\$O© AÀN>r Vah go {Z^mVr h¡&

Zmar eŠVr EH$ Eogr AmJ h¡ Omo H$^r ê$H$Vr Zhr h¡& Zmar eŠVr Xoe H$s eŠVr h¡. AmOH$s Zmar_§o AnZo ~b na Amg_mZ H$mo Nw>Zo H$s j_Vm h¡&o

&& 95 &&

9. ñÌr-nwê$f EH$ aW Ho$ Xmo n{hE

- amo{hZr KmQ>o, ~r. {ÛVr` df©

^maV df© _o§ Zmar H$mo gdm©oÀM ñWmZ àmMrZ g_` go hr {X`m J`m h¡ {OgH$m à_mU h_maoàmMrZ Y_© J«ÝWm| _| {_bVm h¡& Zmar Ho$ ~mao _| {_bVm h¡& Zmar Ho$ ~mao _| O¡gm {H$ {d[^ÝZ J§«Wm|,{dMmaH$m| d Xme©{ZH$ Zo g_`-g_` na CZH$s ì`m»`mE§ H$s h¡ O¡gm {H$ _Zwñ_¥Vr _| Ohm± Zmar H$mo "`ÌZm`©ñVw nyÁ`ÝVo a_ÝVo VÌ XodVm ' H$hm h¡& _hm^maV _| ñÌr H$s nyOZ `mo½`, ^m½èmbr,J¥hàH$me,J¥hbú_r Am{X H$hm J`m h¡& h_ ânya Vah go g_P gH$Vo h¡ "Ëd_od _mVmM {nVm Ëd_od' nhbo _mVmH$m CXmhaU {X`m BgH$m AW© `h h¡& {H$ _mVm eãX H$m gå~moYZ B©ída H$mo ^r {H$`m J`m h¡& {H$ nhboAmn _mVm BgHo$ ~mX {nVm h¡& Eogm CXmhaU H$ht na ImoOZo na ^r Zhr {_bVm & "Ooåg ñQ>r\$Z' Zo H$hm"pñÌ`m± nwê$fm§o go A{YH$ ~w{Õ_Vr hmoVr h¡&' "_hmË_m Jm§Yr Zo H$hm, {H$ OrdZ _o Omo Hw$N> n{dÌ Am¡aYm{_©H$ h¡, pñÌ`m§ CgH$s {deof g§a{jH$mE± h¡&'

AZoH$ {dMma {dMmaH$m| Zo ì`ŠV {H$ò h¡, CZ_| go A{YH$ Va Cgo Xodr ~ZmH$a {ga na ~¡R>mZmMmhVo h¡ `m {\$a OyVr g_PH$a n¡amo _| nhZZm MmhVo h¡, Cgo nwê$fm| Ho$ ~am~a H$m XOm© Š`m§o Zhr§ XoZmMmhVo O~{H$ ñÌr Am¡a nwê$f EH$ hr {gŠHo$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¡& EH$ H$o A^md _o§ Xþgam AnyU© h¡& B©ída ZoCgH$s aMZm Bg àH$ma H$s h¡, {H$ do EH$ Xþgao Ho$ à{VñnYu Zhr ~ëH$s nyaH$a ~ZH$a aho& ^maVr` OZ-OrdZ H$s _yb Yyar Zmar (_mVm) h¡& `{X `h H$hm Om` {H$ g§ñH¥${V, naånam `m Yamoha Zmar Ho$ H$maU hrnrT>r Xa nrT>r hñVm§ÝV[aV hmoVr ahr h¡& Vmo `h A{Ví`mopŠV Zhr hmoJr& O~ O~ g_mO _| OS>Vm Am`rh¡& Zmar epŠV Zo hr Cgo OJmZo Ho$ {bE, Cggo OwPZo Ho$ {bE AnZr gÝV{V H$mo V¡`ma H$aHo$, AmJo ~T>ZoH$m g§H$ën {X`m h¡& H$m¡Z ^wb gH$Vm h¡& _mVm OrOm~mB© H$mo, {OgH$s {ejm-{Xjm Zo {edmOr H$mo _hmZXoe^ŠV Am¡a Hw$eb `m¡Õm ~Zm`m& H$m¡Z ^yb gH$Vm h¡, nÝZm Ym` Ho$ ~{bXmZ H$mo nÝZmYm` H$mCËH¥$ï>Ë`mJ Ed§ AmXe© B{Vhmg Ho$ ñdU© Ajam| _| A§{H$V h¡& amZr bú_r~mB©, a{O`m gwëVmZ, {ÙZrAm¡a _ram Ho$ em¡`© Ed§ Om¡ha Ed§ ^pŠV Zo _Ü`H$mb H$s {dH$Q>n[apñW{V`m| _o ^r AnZr H$s{V© H$m PÊS>mbham`m n[adma Ho$ H|$ÝÐ _§o Zmar h¡& dhr g~H$mo EH$ _mbm _| {namoò aIZo H$m à`mg H$aVr h¡& ^maVr`_{hbm g¥{ï>Ho$ Ama§^ go AZÝV JwUm§o H$s AmJma ahr h¡& n¥Ïdr H$s ghZerbVm, gw`© O¡gm VoO, g_wÐH$r Jå^raVm nwînm| O¡gm _mohH$ gm¡ÝX`©, H$mo_bVm Am¡a MÝÐ_m O¡gr erVbVm Am¡a ào_ H$s {dÚ_mZ h¡&dh H$ê$Um, __Vm, g{hîUyVm Am¡a ào_ H$s n{dÌ _w{V© h¡& _{hbm g¥{ï> H$m CËgd, _mZd H$s OZZr,~mbH$ H$s nhbr Jwê$ h¡& `{X _{hbm H$mo lÕm H$s ^mdZm A{n©V H$s OmE Vmo dh {díd Ho$ H$U-H$U H$moñd[J© ^mdZmAm| go AmoVàmoV H$a gH$Vr h¡ _{hbm EH$ gZmVZ epŠV h¡&

gëVZV-H$mb Ho$ Bgr Z¡{VH$Vm {dhrZ dmVmdaU _| Zm[a`m| Ho$ gmW ^r An[a{_V AË`mMmahþE& CgHo$ nmg {dOoVm H$s ^mo½`m ~Z OmEo AWdm AmË_YmV H$a boZo Ho$ A{V[aŠV Am¡a Cnm` hr Š`mWm? \$bV: Agmø Zm[a`m± AmH«$m§VmAmo H$s ^mo½` ~ZVr ahr& bo{H$Z `h Ü`mZ aho {H$ `h ^maV H$s

&& 96 &&

namYrZVm Ho$ H$mb Wo, ñdmYrZVm Ho$ Zhr& A~ h_ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ H$mbI§S> H$mo XoIo Vmo h_XoIVo h¡ {H$ ^maV Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm-g§J«m_ _| _{hbmAm| Zo {OVZr ~S>r g§»`m _| ^mJ {b`m Cggo {gÜXhmoVm h¡ & {H$ g_` AmZo na _{hbmE± ào_ H$s nwH$mamo {dÐmoh H$s hþ§H$ma _| VãXrb H$a amîQ´r` AIÊS>Vm H$moAjwÊU ~ZmZo _| AnZm gd©ñd g_{n©V H$a gH$Vr h¡& amZr bú_r~mB©, gamoOZr Zm`Sy>, _mXm_ {ÎmOrH$m_m, Aê$Um Amg\$ Abr, EZr ~ogoÝQ>, ^{JZr {Zdo{XVm, gwMoVm H¥$nbmZr H«$m§{V-H$m[a`m| H$mo gh`moJXoZo dmbr AZoH$ _{hbmE± ^maV _| AdV[aV hþBª&

dV©_mZ _o§ _{hbmE± g_mO godm, amï´> {Z_m©U Am¡a amï´> CËWmZ Ho$ AZoH$ H$m`m©o _| bJr h¡&_{hbmAm| Zo AnZr H$V©d` namÙVm go `h {gÜX {H$`m h¡ {H$ do {H$gr ^r ñVa na nwê$fm§o go H$_ Zhr h¡&~pëH$ CÝhmoZo Vmo amï´> {Z_m©U _| AnZr loð>Vm hr àX{e©V H$s h¡& emar[aH$ Ed§ _mZ{gH$ H$mo_bVm Ho$H$maU _{hbm§Amo H$mo ajm gå~ÝYr godmAm| H$mo Cn`wŠV Zhr§ _mZm OmVm Wm, {H$ÝVw XoIm OmE Vmo ajmgodmAm| _| A~ _{hbmAm| H$m `moJXmZ H$_ Zhr h¡& AË`§V hr hf© H$m {df` h¡ {H$ A~ _{hbm OJV H$m~hþV ~S>m ^mJ AnZr g§dmXhrZVm, ^rê$Vm Ed§ g§H$moMerbVm go _wŠV hmoH$a gwÑT>g_mO {H$ g¥OZ _|AnZr ^mJrXmar Ho$ {bE àñVwV h¡& AmO Zmar nwê$fmo§ Ho$ g_mZ hr gw{ejrV, gj_ Ed§ g\$b h¡& Mmho dh{ejm H$m joÌ hmo, gm{hË`, {M{H$Ëgm, goZm, nw{bg, àemgZ, ì`mnma, g_mO gwYma nÌH$m[aVm, _rS>r`mEd§ CnbpãY`m± ñd`§ AnZm àË`j n[aM` àñVwV H$a ahr h¡& Ka n[adma go boH$a A§Vam©ï´>r` ñVa VH$CgH$s H¥${V nVmH$m bham ahr h¡&

Xmohao Xm{`Ëdm| go bXr _{hbmAm| Zo AnZr XmoJwZr epŠV H$m àXe©Z {gÜX H$a {X`m h¡ {H$,g_mO H$s CÝZ{V AmO Ho$db nwê$fm| Ho$ H$ÝYm| H$s Am¡a AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& CÝZV amï´>H$s H$ënZm ZmarV^r `WmW© H$m ê$n YmaU H$a gH$Vr h¡, O~ _{hbm geŠV hmoH$a amï´>H$mo geŠV H$ao& _{hbm ñd`§{gÜXm h¡, dh JwUm| H$s gånXm h¡, Amdí`H$Vm h¡ BZ epŠV`m| H$mo _hO àmoËgmhZ XoZo H$s `hr g_` H$s_m§J h¡& AmO V_m_ pñÌ`m nm`bQ>, KwS>gdmar d AÝ` `wÕ H$m¡eb {XImH$a M{H$V H$a XoVr h¡& ñÌrOÝ_ go A~bm Zhr hmoVr Cgo ~Zm {X`m OmVm h¡& Bg boI _o Bg ~mV H$s MMm© g_m{hV H$s JB© h¡ {H${~Zm ñÌr Ho$ nwê$f AYwam h¡ Am¡a {~Zm nwê$f ñÌr AYwar h¡ Bg{bE ñÌr d nwê$f XmoZm| EH$ aW Ho$ n{hE Ho$g_mZ h¡ {OZH$m _ob hr Bg g_mO H$mo EH$ ghr {Xem Xo gH$Vm h¡&

&& 97 &&

10. Zmar-epŠV

- ApídZr H¡$bmg H$dS>o, ~r.H$m°_. Eg.dm`

AÝ`m` Ho$ gm_Zo S>Q>H$a IS>r h¡& AmO H$r Zmar&

nwamVZ ~o{Q>̀ m± Vmo H$s ZB© h¡& AmO H$s Zmar&

nT>mB© _| n[al_ _| à_moeZ _| àJ{V nW na

nwê$f go Xmo H$X_ AmJo ~T>r h¡ AmO H$s Zmar&

nwê$f _Jê$a hmoH$a nm±d H$s OyVr ~VmVm Wm&

CR>mH$a E{S>̀ m± Z^ Ny>ahr h¡& AmO H$s Zmar &

MT>mH$a Am±I na nÅ>r H$^r Wr ghMar bo{H$Z

A§YH$ma H$mo {MaVr BH$ amoeZr h¡& AmO H$s Zmar

AJa `wJ H$mo ~XbZm h¡& g^r H$mo gmW MbZm h¡&

`hr gM h¡ Bgr H$s ~mZJr h¡ & AmO H$s Zmar &&

EH$ Zmar H$s epŠV, àIaVm, ~w{Õ, H$m¡eë` gwKS>Vm Am¡a AnZo _oam ñdm{^_mZ Am¡aAmË_{dídmg, gm±g boZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr Am¡a H$s AZw_{V H$m _mohVmO Š`mo hmo? Š`m| ~ZmH$a aIZmMmhVo. hmo gXm _wPo AnZr AZwJm{_Zr? Š`m§o agmoB© Am¡a {~ñVa Ho$ J{UV go nao Vw_ Zhr gmoM nmVo EH$ñÌr Ho$ ~mao _| _wPo Zhr Mm{hE dh ào_ Omo {g\©$ dmgZm, emofU, qhgm, B©î`m© Am¡a A{Yà` Ho$ BamXo goCnOm hmo _wPo Zhr Mm{hE dh dher ào_ Omo E{gS>\o$§H$Zo ~bmËH$ma, hË`m `m AnhaU O¡go XþîH$_m©o go^rZhr {hMH$Vm, Z\ aV Am¡a XX© XoZo dmbm ào_ _wPo Zhr Mm{hE _wPo Eogm Mm{hE ào_ Ohm± _wpŠV Ho$ AmH$me_o OÝ_m hmo Omo _oar ~mVmo _oao »`m~mo Am¡a _oar _wñHw amhQ>mo _o OrdZ â gHo$, _wPo ào_ go âm ào_ Mm{hE&

h_oem go Cg ghOVm H$s Vbme _o hÿ± Ohm± _wPo ò Zm gwZZm nS>o H$s bS>{H$`m± ò Zhr H$aVrbS>{H$`m°§ dmo Zhr H$aVr _wPo {g\©$ gwHy$Z MmhVr g~go ZOa MwamVr gXm AnZm XþnÅ>m g§^mbVr `wdVr~ZH$a Zhr ahZm h¡& Š`m| _¡ AHo$br ~o{\$H«$ hmoH$a gS>H$ na Zhr§ Mb gH$Vr? Ka go boH$a H$m`©ñWbVH$ Zhr ^rVm| _o§ Mma{Xdmar Ho$ A§Xa ^r gwa{jV Zhr, ImH$s dXu Ho$ H$mZyZ Ho$ {Z_m©Vm {H$gr na ^r Vmoâmogm Zhr H$a gH$Vr Š`m H$^r _wŠV hmo nmD§$Jr _¢ Bg Am§VH$ go Omo ha jU _oao OrdZ _o ngam hþAmh¡& H$~ ~XboJm _oao à{V g_mO H$m ZO[a`m, H$~ {_boJm _wPo gwa{jV _mhm¡b?

_wPo _w{º$ Mm{hE Cg AghOVm go Cg S>a go Omo _wPo AnZo [aíVoXmam|, XmoñVmo Am¡a nS>mo{g`m|na ^r {dídmg H$aZo H$s BOmOV Zhr XoVm, _wPo _wpŠV Mm{hE Cg g§H$sU© gmoM Am¡a H¥$n`mAmo§ go Omo _wPo

&& 98 &&

h_oem {ÛVr` loUr H$m ZmJ[aH$ hmoZo H$m Am^mg H$aVr h¡&

_oao gmW ha ñVa na ôX^md H$aVr h¡& _oam {VañH$ma H$aVr h¡ _wPo Adgam| Am¡a CnbpãY`m| god§{MV aIVr h¡, _wPo nwê$fmo§ H$s A{lV Am¡a g§nÎmr$ ~ZmH$a aIZm MmhVr h¡, _V H$amo H$Ý`mAmo H$s nwOm_V MT>mAmo _m± H$mo {ZV ZMm ^moJ MT>mAmo§ ghOVm bmXr Ohm± IyX H$mo EH$ BÝgmZ g_PH$a h_ ^rIwbH$a gm±g bo gHo$ h_o h_oem ò `mX Zm aIZm nS>o H$s h_ bS>{H$`m± h¡, _wPo _m± Am¡a ~hZ H$s Vah _VXoImo ~g _wPo BÝgmZ g_PH$a BÝgmZm¡ gm ì`dhma H$amo Š`m bm gH$Vo hmo Eogr ghOVm, Š`m XogH$Vohmo Eogm AmPmX OrdZ, H$~ _wpŠV {_boJr _wPo Bg {~_mar g_mO go Omo gÝ_mZ Ho$ Zm_ na KrZm¡Zo_mZH$a ~ZmH$a Or ahm h¡& _wPo AmPmX H$a Xmo CZ Vm{b~mZr H$a _mZmo go Omo ^r _wPo _mo~mB©b aIZo H$moà{V~§{YV H$aVo h¡, Vmo H$^r nwñVH$mb` VH$ _¡§ _oam àdoe {Z{fY H$aVo h¡, YaVr go A§~a VH$ AnZrIwe~y {~IaZo H$s »dmBe aIVo h¡ _oao ào_ H$mo H$~ Vw_ H$m¡_ H$r H¡$Mr go Hw$VaZm ~§X H$amoJo? H$~~XboJr Om{V, Y_©, Jm¡Ìr Am¡a AnZo PyR>o g_mO gÝ_mZ Ho$ Am±Yo Zeo _| _oar Am¡a _oar ào_ H$s hÎ`mH$~?

_wPo _pŠV Mm{hE Cg S>m{H$`m± Zygr gmoM go Omo _oar eara H$s EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ àH¥${V {H«$`m H$moewÕVm Am¡a AewÕVm go OmoS>H$a _wPo An{dÌ H$am H$a XoVr h¡ Š`m| _oao eara Ho$ gmW _oao {Xb H$mo N>ÝZrH$moB© Am¡a H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BÁOV Mbr OmVr h¡ Am¡a BVZm hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r Š`m| _¡ g_mO Ho$ CQ>nQ>m±Jgdmbm§oH$m gm_Zm H$amo? Š`m|? nhbo _oam ~bmËH$ma CgHo$ {Ibm\$ AmdmO CS>mZo na AnamYr O¡gmì`dhma BVZr _mZ{gH$ àVmS>Zm Am¡a Ý`m` {OVo Or {_b OmEJm BgH$m ^r âmogm Zhr§ ~Xb S>mbmo§ Wo_hO {S>J«r`m XoZodmbr nT>mB© Omo BÝgmZ H$mo BÝgmZ VH$ Zm ~Zm nm`r&

H$^r g§ñH¥$Vr Ho$ Zm_ na H$^r nañnamAm| Ho$ Zm_ na Š`m h_oem _wPo {h AnZr BÀN>m Am¡agnZm| H$mo Ë`mJ Zm hmoVm h¡? O~-O~ _¡Zo dXm©Zm|H$mo VmoS>Zo H$s H$mo{ee dh ~o{Q>̀ m| H$mo H$mQ>Zm Mmhmê${T>̀ m| Am¡a Hw$pËgV {dMmamo§ H$mo _moS>Zm Mmhm, V~-V~ Vwåhmar g§ñH¥$Vr H$mo IVam _hgyg hÿ±Am, Oam go_oao {dÐmoh Ho$ ñd§a CR>o Am¡a Vw_Zo _wPo Hw$ëQ>m, H$b§{H$Zr, Hw$bZm{eZr Ho$ WßnS>OS>{XE, _oar Ow~mZ naObVo A§Jmao aI{bE g§ñH¥$Vr H$mo IVam Š`mo§ _hgyg Zhr hþAm, A§Y {dídmgm| go {Jam g_mO EH${dÚdm n[aË`H$Vm AHo$bo Am¡aV H$mo MwS>¡b R>hamH$a, CgH$s {nQ>mB© H$a, CgH$m ~bmËH$ma H$a, Cgo _m¡VH$r gOm XoZo go ^r Zhr {hMH$sMmVm V~ Vwåhmar g§ñH¥$Vr H$mo IVam V~ Š`m| _hgyg Zhr hmoVm O~ Y_©H$s AmS>_| _oar Xoh H$m ì`dhma {H$`m OmVm h¡& O~ Xoh {H$ AmJ _| _wPo Pwbgm {X`m OmVm h¡& O~ A§Y{dídmgm| go {Jam g_mO EH$ {dYdm n[aË`H$Vm AHo$br Am¡aV H$mo ghm OmVm h¡&

1) {\$a ^r Zmar H$m H$moB© gÝ_mZ Zhr, CgHo$ ~{bXmZ H$m Š`m| H$moB© Zm_ Zhr OÝ_bo O~ Bg Xþ{Z`m _oVmo H$^r H$hr boVr Xþ{Z`m Cgo Iwe ahZo Ho$ A{YH$ma g^r H$^r CgH$mo O_mZm boZo go n{hbo hr H$moI _o_ma XoVo OÝ_ boVr h¡ Vmo {Ma\$mS>>XoVo BÁOV H$s {^H$ _m§JoVmo Am±gy XmZ _o Xo XoVo h¡&

&& 99 &&

11. AmO H$s Zmar g~no ^mar

- ew^_ gw`©H$m§V H$moH$mQ>o, ~r.Eg. dm`

AmO H$s Zmar H$m g\$a MwZm¡Vrâm Oê$a h¡, na AmO Cg_| MwZm¡Vr`m| go bS>Zo H$m gmhg AmJ`m h¡& AnZo AmË_{dœmg Ho$ ~b na AmO dh Xþ{Z`m§ _| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~Zm ahr h¡& AmOH$s Zmar Am{W©H$ d _mZ{gH$ ê$n go AmË_{Z^©a h¡& n[adma Am¡a AnZo H$[aà XmoZm§o _o Vmb_ob ~¡R>mVrZmar H$m H$m¡eb dmH$B© H$m{~bo Vmar\$ h¡ {H$gr H$mo {eH$m`V H$m _m¡H$m Zhr XoZo dmbr Zmar AmO AnZrH$m{~br`V d gmhg Ho$ ~wVo na H$m_`m~r Ho$ _wH$m_ VH$ nhþ§Mr h¡& MwZm¡Vr`m| H$m h±gH$a ñdmJV H$aZodmbr _{hbmE± AmO ha joÌ _| AnZm bmohm _Zdm ahr h¡& H$b VH$ ^mdZmË_H$ ê$n go H$_Omoa _{hbm±EAmO Am{W©H$ ê$n go AmË_{Z^©a ~Z ahr h¡ VWm AnZr qOXJr Ho$ _hËËdnyU© \¡$gbo ñd`§ H$a ahr h¡&

"_¡ hþ± AmO H$s Zmar' :

emXr Ho$ nhbo AmË_{Z^©a ahZo dmbr Zmar Ho$ OrdZ _| emXr Ho$ ~mX AMmZH$ ~Xbmd gm AmOmVm h¡& A~ CgH$o {bE AnZm H$[aà d n[adma XmoZmo hr g_mZ ê$n go _hËËdnyU© hmoVo h¡ Bg dŠV `XrH$[aà Ho$ ~mao _o J§^raVm go Zhr gmoMm Vmo ^{dî` A§YH$ma_` hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a `{X n[adma H$s CnojmH$s Vmo Xm§nË` OrdZ Zmar H$mo AnZo H$[aà g§~§Yr {H$gr ^r {ZU©` H$mo boZo go nhbo ~hþV gmoMZm-g_PZm nS>Vm h¡ & n[adma Ho$ à{V CgH$o Ûmam WmoS>r-gr^r H$moVmhr ~aVZo na n[adma Ho$ gXñ`m| H$s{eH$m`V| ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡& Am¡a Cg na H$Q>mj {H$E>OmZo bJVo h¡& E¡go _o n[adma Am¡a H$m`m©b` _o ñd`§H$mo ~ohVa {gÕ H$aZo H$s dh ha g§^d H$mo{ee H$aVr h¡ Am¡a AmXe© ~ZH$a g~H$m {Xb OrV boVr h¡&

AmO H$s Zmar H$s Agwajm H$s ^mdZm :

Zmar Ho$ gmW Agwajm H$s ^mdZm ha OJh hmoVr h¡& _hmZJam| _o AmE {XZ hmoVr N>oS>N>mS>>,~bmËH$ma d qhgmg§~§Yr KQ>ZmE± Zmar H$mo ^`mH«$m§V H$aZo d AnZo H$X_ nrN>o boZo H$mo _O~ya H$aVr h¡na§Vy CZH$m _O~yV _Zmo~b Cgo hmaZo go amoH$Vm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m `hr _Zmo~b {Za§Va AmJo ~T>Zo H$moào[aV H$aVm h¡& Zmar Ho {bE b¢{JH$ Ho$ gmW-gmW gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ ñVa na ^r Agwajm H$s ^mdZmhmoVr h¡& gm_m{OH$ ñVa na n[aË`ŠVm d {dYdm O¡go eãX CgHo$ _mJ© H$m amoS>m ~ZH$a Cgo AmJo ~T>Zo goamoH$Vo h¡ na BVZo na ^r dh AnZr à{V^m H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo H$m ghr _m¡H$m H$s{V©_mZ aMVr OmVr h¡&

h_ {H$gr go H$_ Zhr …

MwZm¡{V`m| H$m h±gH$a ñdmJV H$aZo dmbr _{hbmE± AmO ha joÌ _| AnZm bmohm _Zdahr h¡,H$b VH$ ^mdZmË_H$ ê$ngo H$_Omoa _{hbmE± AmO Am{W©H$ ê$n go AmË_{Z^©a ~Z ahr h¡ VWm AnZrqOXJr Ho$ _hËËd nyU© \¡$gbo ñd`§ H$a ahr h¡& AnZr j_VmAm| go _{hbmAmo Zo AmO nwê$fmo H$mo nrN>oN>moS>Vo hþE n[adma d g_mO _| EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡, AmË_{Z^©a ~ZH$a AmO _{hbmE± ~mOma H$sha MwZm¡{V`m| H$m gm_Zm H$a ahr h¡&

&& 100 &&

12. ^maVr` Zmar

- am{YH$m Amo_àH$me e_m©, E_.E. {hÝXr

^maVr` B{Vhmg na Ñ{ï>nmV H$ao Vmo h_ nmVo h¡ {H$ ^maVr` Zmar Zo n[adV©erb gm_m{OH$Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[aÑí` na AZoH$ CËWmZ Am¡a nVZ XoIo h¡& H$^r Cgo g_mO _o Bg àH$ma H$m XOm©{X`m J`m h¡& Xodr, bú_r, O¡go eãXmo Ûmam ñÌrH$mo gå_m{ZV H$a H$hm J`m Am¡a H$^r-H$^r Cgo Cggr_m VH$ ZH$maVo hþò {VañH¥$V ^r {H$`m J`m h¡& CgH$m OrdZ ZaH$s` H$a H$bw{fV Am¡a Hw$bjUm H$spñWVr _o bm {X`m J`m h¡& àmMrZ g_` _o nXm©àWm Zo Zmar Ho$ gånyU© ì`pŠVJV Ed§ H¥$VËd H$mo ~ÀMon¡Xm H$aZo H$m àmUr Ho$ A{V[aŠV H$moB© gÝ_mZ ñÌr H$mo {X`m J`m h¡& g¥{ï> H$s AZwn_ Ed§ A{ÛVr`H¥$Vr H$mo H$Xm{MV Mma {Xdmamo _o ~ÝX H$aZo H$m hr `h n[aUm_ h¡ &

AmO ^maVr` g_mO A{e[jV Am¡a A_`m©{XV H$m Xoe ~ZH$a ah J`m OZg§»`m, {dñ\$moQ>O¡gr J§^ra pñW{V`m| _o nhw±M J`m {Oggo àXÿfU, Jar~r ^yI_ar Am{X g_ñ`mAmo Zo ñdV: {dH$ambê$n YmaU H$a MwH$s h¡& {dJV H$mb _o {Og Zmar Zo AnZo ~w[Õ {ddoH$ Ed§ H$bm H$m¡eë` ò Bg Mma{Xdmar H$mo VmoS>m h¡& CÝhmoZo H$mbmÝVa _o h_mao g_mO Zo ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþò Zm_ Am¡a à{gÕr XoH$aCÝZV èmoJmZ {H$`m BZ_o go {H$`m h¡& A{hë`m, {OOm~mB©, bú_r ~mB© gamoOrZr Zm`Sy, Cfm, {H$aU~oXr, BpÝXam Jm§Yr AÝ` CXmhaU h_mao gm_Zo h¡&

ñdV§ÍmVm àmßVr Ho$ níMmV ^maVr` _{hbmAm§o Ho$ CËWmZ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {bò AZoH$ àmdYmZaIo Jò {H$ÝVw Bg àmdYmZm| go CZhr gm_m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ CÝZVr _o AnojrV à^md Zhr nS>m&`moOZm H$mb Ho$ Amaå^ hmoZo na _{hbmAm| g_ Am{W©H$ pñWVr H$mo gÑT> H$aZo H| CÔoe _o àW_n§Mdfu` `moOZmAmo g{hV AZoH$ H$m`©H«$_mo Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Zmar pñW{V H$mo àJ{Verb H$aZo _o VWm{dH$mg H$mo _w»` Ymago OmoS>Zo Ho$ à`mg {H$ò Jò BZHo$ Am_ ^maVr` Zmar H$s pñWVr Am¡a OrdZe¡brOhm± H$s dhm± ~Zr ahr, EH$ AÜ``Z Ho$ AZwgma 130 Xoemo _o ^maVr` _{hbmAmo§ H$s pñWVr 99 do ñWmZna nmB© JB© h¡& BgH$m grYm VmËn`© `h h¡ {H$ ^maVr` g_mO _o _{hbmAm| H$mo A^r VH$ {ZåZñVa hràXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡& n[aUm_ ñdê$n ^maVr` Zmar dh gå_mZ Zhr àmßV H$a gH$s {OgH$s dh dmñVd _oAnojm H$aVr & `h H$hZm JbV Zhr hmoJm&

^maV _o Zmar H$mo Ho$db Kaoby àmUr g_Pm OmVm Cgo AmYma ^yV ñdm{^_mZ Am¡a AnZo H$V©ì`m|Ho$ à{V gMoH$ hmo n{V {ejm Ho$ joÌ _o dh nwê$f go H$_ Á`mXm nrN>o h¡& Am¡a Bgr àH$ma H$s ~{bH$mE± 70à{VeV go A{YH$ {~hma _Ü`àXoe CËVa àXoe VWm amOñWmZ _o h¡& 11 go 14 df© H$s Am`w H$sgm_m{OH$ pñWVr ~m{bH$mAmo H$m _mÌ à{VeV Xoe H$s Bg Am¡gV go ~hþV H$_ h¡& BZ_o {~hma _o `mamOñWmZ _o CÎmaàXoe VWm Am§Y« àXoe _o à{VeV àmW{_H$ ñVa na à{V 100 ~mbH$mo H$o {nN>o~m{bH$mAm| H$s g§»`m 65 ñVa na _mÜ`{_H$

^maVr` _{hbmAm| ~mbrH$mAm§o H$s Aën Am`w _o {ddmh H$s naånam CZHo$ g_J«{dH$mg _o

&& 101 &&

g~go ~S>m AdamoY `h naånam XeH$mo nwamZr 1931 _o Am¡gV d¡dm{hH$ C_« 13 df© ~m{bH$mAm| Am¡aamOñWmZ _o AmadmVrO Am¡a _Vb~ H$s (Aj` V¥Vr`m) na hOmamo ~ÀMmo H$s emXr H$a Xr OmVr h¡ `hrH$maU h¡ H$s H$_ C_« _o emXr H$a Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a {dYdm {ddmh àWm `h ^r h_mao g_mO _o AJa {H$grñÌr H$m nVr _a J`m, Vmo Cg ñÌr H$mo An_m{ZV H$a {X`m OmVm Wm Am¡a Cg ñÌr H$mo g\o$X H$ba H$sgmS>r nhZZo H$o {bE Am¡a Cg ñÌr H$mo {H$gr ^r nwê$f H$mo XoIZm ^r nmn _mZ OmVm Wm ñÌr na AÝ`mÀË`mMma H$aZm Cg ñÌr Ho$ gmW na dh àWm A~ ~hþV H$_ hmo JB© h¡& Am¡a h_mao g_mO _o {dYdm Ho$gmW-gmW hr h_mao g_mO _o XhoO H$s àWm MbVr Ama hr Am¡a ~hþ àWm h_mao g_mO _o AmO ^r Mmby h¡&AJa H$moB© ñÌr AJa AmnZo _m`Ho$ go XhoO boH$a Zhr Am`r Vmo Cgo ObmH$a _ma XoZm Am¡a Cg ñÌr naBVZo AÝ`m` AË`mMma H$aZm H$s dh ñÌr IwX _O~ya hmoH$a AmË_hË`m H$a boVr h¡& Cg ñÌr Ho$ Cna~hþV AÝ`m` AË`mMma hmoVm h¡ Am¡a h_ `h g~ g_mMma à{V {XZmo Ho$ g_mMma nÌmo§ _o nT>Vo h¡, `hB©VZm Xþ^m©½`nyU© h¡ {H$ A{YH$ XhoO Ho$ bmbM _o h_ AnZo hr hmoe Imo ~¡R>o h¡ & Am¡a R>rH$ Cgr Vah goh_mao g_mO _o gVràWm O¡gr gm_m{OH$ Hw$[aVr go A^r h_ O¡go V¡go CR>nmE h¡& Bg gm_m{OH$ Hw$[aVr_{hbm dM©ñd H$s g_mßV H$aZo _o AnZmo H$moB© VmH$X Zhr h¡& na h_mao g_mO _o A~ gVràWm,~mb{ddmh BZ g~na à{V~§Y bJmò Jò h¡ & h_mao g_mO _o VbmH$ewXm Am¡a A{ddm{hV _{hbmAm| Ho${bE Zm¡H$ar H$s ì`dñWm H$s Am¡a R>rH$ Cgr Va\$ go _{hbmAmo H$m ha joÌ _o nwê$f Ho$ g_mZXOm© {_bZmAmdí`H$ h¡& _{hbm AmajU Ûmam _{hbmAmo§ H$mo ~mX ^r _V ôX Ho$ H$maU àñVwV Zhr hmo gH$Vo Ho$H$maU _{hbm g§JUH$ H$m ^y{_H$m à^md embr Zhr ahr h¡&

dhr nwê$f dJ© H$s ìX¡VdmXr {dMmaYmam ñnï>à{VV hmo ahr h¡& AñVw Bg _mZ{H$ H$mo VËH$mbn[ad{V©V H$a _{hbm {dYdm {ddmh H$mo bmJy H$a {X`m OmZm Mw±H$s AmO _{hbm AmajU Ho$ gmW-gmWA{YH$ Amdí`H$ Bg ~mV H$s h¡, H$s g_mO _o _{hbmAmo H$s pñWVr H$s _O~yV {H$`m OmE CZH$s {ejmñdmñW Am¡a Am{W©H$ {Z^©aVm na {deof Ü`mZ {X`m OmE {Oggo AÝ` AmË_ {dídmg n¡Xm hmo gH$o Am¡an[adma Ed§ g_mO `h AZw^d H$ao {H$ pñÌ`mo§ H$s nwê$fmo§ Ho$ g_mZ àËòH$ joÌ _o AmJo AmZo _o gj_ hmoZhr ~pëH$ n[adma Am¡a gm_m{OH$ JwUmË_H$ n[adV©Z bmZo _o ^r ghmæ`H$ h¡&

h_mao g_mO _| ñÌr H$m gÝ_mZ Zhr hmoVm na AmO H$o ha joÌ _o ñÌr AmJo h¡& Am¡a EH$ ñÌr{H$gr H$s _m±, ~hZ, ~hy, ~oQ>r, hmoVr h_o Cg ñÌr H$m gÝ_mZ H$aZm Mm{hE ñÌr Vmo ha joÌ _o AmZm MmhVrh¡ & na Hw$N>bmoJ Cg ñÌr H$mo AmJo AmZo Zhr XoVo & CgH$mo AÀN>m XOm© Zhr XoVo&

Bgr àH$ma BZ g~ go _¡ BVZm hr H$hZm MmhVr hþ± H$s ha ñÌr H$mo g_mZ A{YH$ma {_bZmAmdí`H$ h¡& dh {H$gr ^r, Om{V H$s `m Y_© H$s, Cgo nwê$f Ho$ g_mZ hŠH$ {_bZm Amdí`H$ h¡& nwê$f Ho$gmW-gmW ha joÌ _o ñÌr H$mo ^r AmJo ahZm Mm{hE ñÌr H$mo AÀN>m XOm© h_mao g_mO _o Cgo {_bZm Mm{hEAJa ñÌr H$mo h_ AÀN>m XOm© X|Jo Vmo h_mao g_mO _o hmoZo dmbr g^r AÝ`m` Zhr hmoJo Bgr àH$ma ñÌr^«wUhË`m ^r JT>r hmoZr Mm{hE ñÌr H$mo h_o ha hŠH$ XoZm Mm{hE&

&& 102 &&

14. _m±- am{YH$m Amo_àH$me e_m©, E_.E.{hÝXr

__Vm H$m gmJa h¡, "_m±'&

Zoh H$m PaVm PaZm h¡, "_m±'&

Am±Mb H$s Iwer`m| H$mo

~ÀMmo na bwQ>mVr h¡, "_m±'&

bmoar H$s Wn{H$`m| go

gnZmo H$mo OJmVr h¡, "_m±'&

Ë`mJ H$s ñd§` _waV ~ZH$a

OJ _| _hmZ ~ZmVr h¡, "_m±'&

g_` ½dmh h¡ Xþ{Z`m H$m

B{Vhmg Z`m aMmVr h¡, "_m±'&

OrdZ nmdZ H$s g[aVm h¡, "_m±'&

X`m j_m H$s g[aVm h¡, "_m±'&

bJVm h¡ g~ Hw$N>_Z^mdZ

O~ ^r H$moB© nwH$mao, "_m±'&

__Vm H$m gmJa h¡, "_m±'&

Zoh H$m PaVm PaZm h¡, "_m±'&

13. ñÌr-epŠV- lrYa B§Jmobo, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

Zmar Voar Š`m H$hmZr{H$VZo h¡ Voao ê$n &>>Pm±gr na MT>H$a bT>r h¡ VwgañdVr ~ZH$a nT>mVr h¡ Vw &Zmar Voar Š`m H$hmZr....

_m± ~ZH$a nmbm h¡ VwZoEH$ ~hZ ~ZH$a Ü`mZ aIm VwZoEH$ XmoñV ~ZH$a {hå_V Xr VwZonËZr ~ZH$a ha H$X_ gmW {X`m VwZoZmar Voar Š`m H$hmZrh¡ Voar Xþ{Z`m {Zambr

Zmar VwZo ha H$X_ na R>moH$a h¡ ImB©{nVm H$s S>m±Q>nS>r VmoH$^r ^mB©Zo Am±I {XImB©n{V Zo {H , Voar {nH$a Iw~ {nQ>mB©{\$a ^r VwZo {hå_V Z hmarZmar Voar Š`m H$hmZrh¡ Voar Xþ{Z`m± {Zambr

21 dr gXr H$s Zmar Vw h¡ ~S>r Ü`¡`©dmZ{H$ VwZo CÝZVr OrdZ _o ~T>H$anT>r Vw Iw~ Mm±Xna MT>rA~ Zm Owby_ ghZodmbrZmar Vw h¡ {hå_VdmbrZmar Voar Š`m H$hmZrh¡ Voar Xþ{Z`m± {Zambr......&&

&& 103 &&

15. g_ñ`m Am¡a g_mYmZ

- lrYa B§Jmobo, ~r.E. V¥Vr` df©

g_ñ`m :-

~bmËH$ma eãX gwZVo hr Z MmhH$a ^r ~a~g Bg Amoa Ü`mZ {I§M OmVm h¡& d¡go Vmo dV©_mZg_mO _o ~hþV gmar g_ñ`mE± \¡$br hþB© h¡& boH$sZ Xm{_Zr H$m§S>Ho$ ~mX Xoe _o ~bmËH$ma H$s {eH$m`Vmo§_o hþB© d¥Õr Mm§¡H$mZodmbr h¡& `h gmoMZo H$m {df` h¡ H$s, ~bmËH$ma H$s {eH$m`Vm| _| AMmZH$ BVZmBOm\$m Š`m| hmo J`m h¡& Š`m ZE H$mZwZ ~ZZo Ho$ ~mX Zmar`mo _o OmJê$H$Vm AmB© h¡, `m BgH$m H$maUHw$N>Am¡a h¡? BgH$m JbV \$m`Xm CR>mH$a H$hr {ZXm}fmo H$mo \$±gm`m Vmo Zhr Om ahm h¡&

Am_ Zmar go boH$a à{gÕ hpñV`m| VH$ g^r Ho$ {bE Agwa{jVVm H$m _mhm¡b Š`mo n¡Xm hmo ahmh¡? g§`wŠV n[adma Š`mo§ QyQ>>aho h¡? Bgo OmZZo Ho$ brE {d{^ÝZ Ý`m`m{Yemo, Ý`m`{dXmo, A{YdŠVmAm|,gm_m{OH$ g§KR>Zmo Ho$ à_wI Ed§ AÝ` _mÝ`damo§ Ho$ dŠVì` Ed§ AZw^d AmnHo$ g_j àñVwV h¡&

`h {H$gr ì`pŠV-{deof H$s Zhr§ ~ëH$s EH$ gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m h¡& Bggo g_mO Ho$ g^r dJ©à^m{dV hmo aho h¡& Bg g_ñ`m Ho$ g_mYmZ Ho$ {bE g~H$mo à`mg H$aZm hmoJm&

g_mYmZ:-

{gZo_m, Ae„rb gm{hË`, g_mMma nÌn[ÌH$mAm|, Aíbrb do~gmBQ>mo Ed§ BboŠQ´>m°{ZH${_S>r`m {H$ dOh go {dXoem| H$s Vah A~ h_mao Xoe _o ^r ~bmËH$ma, hË`m O¡go XþîH$_u H$mo ~T>mdm {_bahm h¡& XþîH$_© H$mo ~T>mdm XoZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$mo amoH$Zo H$s Oê$aV g~go nhbo h¡& `Xr g»V H$mZyZ go~bmËH$ma H$s KQ>ZmAm| na A§Hw$e g§^d hmoVm Vmo ZE ~bmËH$ma {damoYH$ H$mZwZ ~ZZo Ho$ ~mX ~bmËH$maH$s {eH$m`V _o§ 35% d¥Õr Zhr hmoVr, BgHo$ {bE g§`_ {ejm VWm gÀMo, gmpËdH$ _wë`m§o H$monwZñWm©[nV H$aZm hmoJm&

Ho$db H$mZwZ Am¡a C§S>o Ho$ Omoa go gÀMm gwYma Zhr hmo gH$Vm& gÀMo Am¡a ñWm`r gwYma Ho$ {bE~bmËH$ma O¡go Z¥e§g AnamYmo H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE gæ`_ {ejm na ~b XoZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡& _{hbmOmJ¥Vr, _mV¥-{nV¥, nwOZ {Xdg, Zem _wŠVr O¡go A{^`mZm| H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ ì`mnH$ ~ZmZo H$s,Amdí`H$Vm h¡& BgH$o _mÜ`_ go h_mar `wdm {nT>r ~«åhM`©, g§`_-gXmMma H$s {ejm XoH$a CÝhoB_mZXma d gÀMm ZmJ[aH$ ~Zm`m OmVm h¡&

""Zmar Vw h¡ {hå_Vdmbr, A~ Zm {nN>o hQ>Zodmbr

ha Owbw_ ha AË`mMma H$m ~Xbm boZo dmbr &''

&& 104 &&

16. ñÌr epŠV

- Jm`H$dmS> gr_m àH$meamd, E_.E. àW_ df©

ñÌr _mZd Om{V H$s OZZr Am¡a Xmo nrT>r`mo H$mo OmoS>Zodmbr EH$ H$S>r h¡& ñÌr Ed§ nwê$f hr g¥{ï>Ho$ {Z_m©Vm B©ída H$s AZmoIr CnO h¡& XmoZmo Ho$ gh`moJ go hr g¥{ï>H$s {ZaÝVaVm ~Zr ahVr h¡, ñÌr _|BVZr epŠV h¡ {H$, CZH$mo AmJo ~T>mZo go hr n[adma AmJo ~T>Vm h¡& qhXþ Ho$ AmXem©o Ho$ AZwgma ñÌr H$moAÕm©{JZr H$hm OmVm h¡& ñÌr H$mo hr bú_r, gañdVr, XþJm©, H$mbr Ho$ ê$n _| nwOm OmVm h¡& ^maV_mVm Ho$ê$n _| h_ Cgo gå~mo{YV H$aVo h¡& ñÌr Ho$ hr ê$n _| grVm, amUr bú_r~mB©, XþJm©dVr, _ram~mB©, XodrA{hë`m, EoZr ~rgoÝQ>O¡go CXmhaU h_mao gm_Zo h¡& ñÌr _| {díd aMZo H$s epŠV h¡& Zmar gm_O H$s Ywarh¡, gm{hË` Ho$ joÌ _| _hmXodr d_m©, _hm^maV _o§ ÐmonXr am_mÙ H¡$Ho$`r, gw^Ðm, H$m¡eë`m, B{Vhmg Ho$joÌ _| OrOm~mB© g§V Ho$ joÌ _o§ OZm~mB© g~ ñÌr hr h¡& {ejm H$s Xodr, gañdVr h¡, epŠV H$s Xodr, XþJm© h¡g§n{Îm H$r Xodr, bú_r h¡ `h g~ ñÌr epŠV H$o hr ê$n h¡&

g_mO go{dH$m Ho$ ê$n _| qgYyVmB© gnH$mb H$m Zm_ ^r {deof ê$n go {b`m OmVm h¡& ñÌr {dídH$s OZg§»`m H$m AmYm ^mJ h¡& AmO Cgo nwê$fm| Ho$ g_mZ hr A{YH$ma àmßV hmo Jò h¡& ñdmYrZVmg§J«m_ _o§ g~go AmJo ahZo dmbr gamo{OZr Zm`Sy>, lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr O¡gr ñÌr hr AmJo ahr& gm{hË` _|^r gw^ÐmHw$_mar Mm¡hmZ H¥$îUm gmo~Vr, A_¥Vm àrV_ H$m Zm_ {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡& Oè§H$a àgmX ZoYwdñdm{_Zr Am¡a _¥JZ`Zr O¡gr aMZm _o§ ñÌr H$s epŠV H$m ghr AdbmoH$Z {H$`m h¡& df© 2000 go ñÌrepŠV nwañH$ma ewê$ {H$`m h¡& S>m°ŠQ>a _oar Š`yar H$mo AnZo AZwg§YmZ H$m`m} na 1903 _§o Zmo~bnwañH$ma àmßV hþAm dh ^r Vmo EH$ ñÌr hr Wr& CgHo ~mX _Xa Voaogm H$mo CZHo$ _mZdr` g_mO H$m`m} hoVw1976 _| Zmo~b nwañH$ma àmßV hþAm Am¡a ^maV aËZ O¡go gå_mZ go ^r gÝ_m{ZV {H$`m J`m dh ^r VmoEH$ ñÌr hr Wr& Mm¡Wo {díd _{hbm gå_obZ H$r goHo« Q>ar Jo«æ`wS>_m{Jb dh Vmo VÝOm{Z`m H$s CÀMm`wŠV^r ah MwH$s h¡& M§{ÐH$m Hw$_maVw§J Ádrb§H$m, dm`boQ> MoH$moamo ({ZH$maJwAm) H$moamoOmoZ ({H${bnr§g)Vmgw (VwH$s©) E{S>g H$agZ ( \«$m§g) Am{X pñÌ`m§o Zo g§Kf©erb OrdZ OrVo hþE ^r gdm}ÀM {eIa VH$nhþ§°M J`r Wr& ê$gr _{hbm bopâQ>Z§Q>H$Z}b dobopÝdVm VoaeoZmodm nhbr ñÌr A§V[aH$ `mÌr Wr, XÿgarA_o[aH$m H$s EZr amBQ> Wr, Omo 1962 Am¡a 1963 Xmo ~ma A§V[aj `mÌm H$aZo _o g\$b hþB©& OmnmZr_{hbm Ow§H$mo Vm§~r 1974 _| nhbr ~ma EdaoñQ>na nhþ±Mr&

MrZ, H$mo[a`m OmnmZ Am¡a ^maV Zo {díd Ho$ MmoQ>r Ho$ _{hbm {IbmS>r {XE& AnZo ^maV Xoe _oVmo nm¡am{UH$ `wJ go hr ñÌr epŠV H$m n[aM` h_| {_bVm h¡& amZr gVr go boH$a Jm¡ar, nmd©Vr Aå~mepŠV ^r H$s{V©ñVå^ ahr& d¡{XH$ `wJ _| grVm Zo AnZr Apñ_Vm ~ZmE aIr& amZr nÙmXodr H$btJ H$samOHw$_mar/ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ _| ^r _¡gwa H$s amZr MoZå_m, Pm±gr H$s amZr bú_r~mB© g~go AmJo ahr&N>ÌnVr {edmOr Ho$ Ñí` CZH$s _mVm OrOm~mB© ^r EH$ ñÌr hr Wr ~§Jmb _| 1974 _o§ A§J«oOmo Ho$ {dê$Õg§Ý`mgr `moÕmAmo H$r AJ«Ur Xodr Mm¡YamZr Am¡a _hmamZr VnpñdZr ^r pñÌ`m± hr Wr& {díd H$s amO{ZVr_| B§{Xam Jm§Yr Zo ^r AnZm Zm_ H$_m {b`m& lr_Vr {H$aU ~oXr ^maVr` nw{bg godm _| Omo H$m`© H$a JB©

&& 105 &&

Am¡a H$a ahr h¡, dh Vmo H$moB© nwê$f nw{bg A{YH$mar ^r Zhr H$a gH$m& lr_Vr BpÝXam Jm§Yr Xoe H$s nhbràYmZ_§Ìr ~Zr `h EH$ ñÌr eŠVr H$m CXmhaU h¡& AmO Zmar Zo nwê$fm| go AmJo ~T>H$a g_mO H$mo EH$ ZB©{Xem àXmZ H$s h¡& Ho$db {H$aU ~oXr Wr, {OÝhmo§Zo {VhmS> Oob H$mo Aml_ _o n[adVuV H$a {X`m Wm&CgZo Oob _o H¡${X`mo Ho$ ~¢H$ ImVo IwbdmE CZH$mo 1974 H$m _¡½Zogo AdmS>© ^r àmßV hmo MwH$m& H$ënZmMmdbm ^r A§V[aj _| nhþ±MZodmbr àW_ ^maVr` _{hbm hmoZo H$m Jm¡ad àmßV h¡& gw{ZVm {dë`åg H$m ^rZm_ AmO AmXa go {b`m OmVm h¡& g§Vmof OmYd ^r Xmo ~ma _mCÝQ>EdaoñQ>na ÜdO \$hamZo _o§ g\$b hþE&

AmO ñÌr g_mO Ho$ ha joÌ _o§ nwê$f Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym {_bmH$a Mb ahr h¡& H$åß`wQ>a hmo `mIZZ, {ejm hmo `m IobHy$X, CXmhaU na _oar H$mo_ H$m Zm_ {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡& Ka Ho$ Mm¡H$ go boH$aH$m`m©b` VH$& KwS>gdmar, Zm¡H$m`Z, hdmB© OhmO MbmZo go boH$a EdaoñQ>H$s MmoQ>r VH$, ñÌr Zo hr ÜdObham`m h¡& A§V[aj _o Ohm± nmd ngmao dhr ajm joÌ _o§ nwê$fmo go A{YH$ H$m`©XjVm Ed§ bJZ {XImB©XoVr h¡ pñÌ`m| _o§ ñÌr _| H$`m© Ho$ à{V g_n©U ^md A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& {OgàH$ma AmO _h§JmB© {dH$amb ê$nYmaU H$aVr Om ahr h¡ ñÌr Zo nwê$f Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym {_bmH$a Am{W©H$ pñWVr H$mo g§^mbo aIm h¡& ñÌr _oAnma epŠV h¡, `mo½`Vm h¡, Am¡a ~w{Õ_Vm ^r h¡& Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ho$db Cgo g_mZ Adga àXmZ H$aAmJo bmZo H$s ñÌr epŠV Ho$ XmohZ H$s& _wpñb_ _{hbm ^r AmO nXm© àWm N>moS>H$a ~mha {ZH$b ahr h¡&{ejm àmßV H$a ahr h¡& Zm¡H$[a`m| _o§ Am ahr h¡& AmO ^r h_ `h H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$, EH$ bS>H$m `{X nT>Vm h¡Vmo ñd`§ AnZo {bE nT>Vm h¡, na§Vw EH$ bS>H$s Ho$ nT>Zo H$m AW© h¡, nwao n[adma H$m {e{jV hmoZm& AmO ^rñÌr g^r H$m_mo§ _o ^r nwê$fm| Ho$ ~am~a hH$Xma h¡& h_mao {OVZo ^r gm{hË`H$ma hþE CÝhm|Zo ñÌr H$m ~hþVD§$Mm XOm© _mZm h¡& "H$m_m`Zr' _o _Zw Zo H$hm Wm {H$ "`Ì Zm`©ñVw nyÁ`ÝVo a_ÝVo VÌ XodVm' AWm©V Ohm±Zmar H$m AmXa {H$`m OmVm h¡ dhm§ XodVmAm| H$m dmg hmoVm h¡& _w§er ào_MÝX Zo AnZo eãXmo _o H$hm Wm {H$"g§gma _o Omo gË` h¡, gwÝXa h¡ _¢ Cgo ñÌr H$m àVrH$ _mZVm hþ±'& ñÌr Ho$ à{V Zò Zò AÜ`mXoe ^r{ZH$bo `h ^r Ho$db ñÌr-eŠVr Ho$ H$maU hr g§^d hþE h¡&

&& 106 &&

17. M[aÌerb ñÌr {g\©$ EH$ H$ënZm

- àVmn {dÇ>bamd ~MmQ>o, ~r.E. {ÛVr` df©

^maV _o§ _{hbmAm§o H$s pñW{V`m| Zo {nN>br gXr`m Am¡a Hw$N>gmbm| _o ~hþV ~Xbmdmo H$m gm_Zm{H$`m h¡& àmMrZ H$mb _| nwê$fmo Ho$ gmW ~am~a H$s pñWVr go boH$a A~VH$ H$h§o OmZo dmbo H$s ñÌr A~gmao joÌ _| ñÌr nwê$f Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym _rbmH$a H$m_ H$a ahr h¡& àmMrZ H$mb _o ñÌr qgYw _| Ka g§ñH¥${Vg§^mbVr ahr Am¡a Ka Ho$ gmao \¡$gbo ñÌr hr boVr Wr qgYy _o§ _mV¥gËVmH$ nÕVr Wr CgHo$ ~mX Omo H$mbewê$ hþAm dmo Wm Omo g_mO _| EH$ àíZ CnpñWV H$a ahm Wm [H$ ñÌr nwê$f AbJ aho& V~go boH$aAmOVH$ Omo KQ>Zmò Am¡a CgHo$ hmoZodmbo n[aUm_ AmO h_ XoIVo h¡&

_{hbmAm| H$r ^w{_H$m H$s MMm© H$aZo dmbo gm{hË` Ho$ ñÌmoV ~hþV hr H$_ h¡, 1730 (B©.g.)Amgnmg V§Omdwa Ho$ EH$ A{YH$mar Í`§å~H$`ÁdZ H$m ñÌrY_© nÕVr BgH$m EH$ _hËVdnwU© AndmX h¡&Cg_o§ H$hm h¡ {H$ "ñÌr H$m _w»` H$V©ì` CgHo$ n{V H$mo godm go OwS>m hþAm hmo' Am¡a àmMrZ H$mb _o ^maV _o_{hbmAm§o H$m OrdZ Ho$ g^r joÌ _| nwê$fm§o Ho$ gmW ~am~ar H$m XOm© hmgrb Wm hmbm§{H$ Hw$N>{dÛmZmo H$mZO[a`m BgHo$ {dnarV h¡& nV§Obr Am¡a H$mË`m`Z O¡go àmMrZ ^maVr` ì`mH$aU{dXm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$àmapå^H$ d¡{XH$ H$mb _o§ _{hbmAmo H$mo {ejm {X OmVr Wr& F$½do{XH$ F$MmE§ `h ~VmVr h¢ H$s,_{hbmAm| H$r emXr EH$ narnŠd C_« _| hmoVr Wr Am¡a g§^dV: CÝho AnZm n{V MwZZo H$r ^r AmOmXr Wr&F$½doX Am¡a Cn{ZfX O¡go J§«W H$B© _{hbm gmpÜd`mo§ Am¡a g§Vmo Ho$ ~mao _§o ~VmVo h¡, {OZ_o amZr Am¡a_Ìo`r Ho$ Zm_ CëboIZr` h¡& àmMrZ ^maV _| ZJa dYw (ZJa Hw$r XþëhZ) O¡gr naånamE± _m¡OwX Wr &_{hbmAm| _o§ ZJadYw Ho$ à{V{ð>V gå_mZ Ho$ {bò à{V`mo{JVm hmoVr Wr& Am_«nmbr BgH$m g~go à{gÕCXmhaU ahr h¡& na CgHo$ ~mX _Zw{bIrV (_Zwñ_¥{V) Ho$ gmW _{hbmAm§o H$r pñWVr _o§ {JamdQ>Am JB©Am¡a BgHo$ ~mX ^maV _| _{hbmAm| H$mo H$_mo~oe XmgVm Am¡a ~§{X`mo H$m hr gm_Zm H$aZm nS>m h¡& _mZmOmVm h¡ H$r ~mb{ddmh H$r n«Wm eVmãXr Ho$ nmg ewê$ hþB© Wr&

BgHo$ ~mX _Ü``wJrZ H$mb _o _{hbmAmo Ho àVr Am¡a ^r {JamdQ>AmB© Wr O~ ^maV _o Hw$N>g_wXm`mo _o§ gVr àWm, ~mb{ddmh Am¡a {dYdm nwZ{ddm©h , gm_m{OH$ qOXJr H$m EH$ {hñgm ~Z J`r Wr&^maV _| _wgb_mZmo H$s OrV Zo§ nXm© àWm H$mo ^maVr` g_mO _| bm Xr`m& ^maV _| Hw$N>XodXmgr`moH$mo `m_§Xra H$r _{hbmAmo§ H$mo `m¡Z H$m {eH$ma hmoZm nS>m Wm&

Bg n[apñW{V`mo§ Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r Hw$N>_{hbmAmo Zo amOZrVr, gm{hË`, {ejm Am¡a Y_© Ho$ joÌmo_| g\$bVm hm{gb H$r a{O`m gwëVmZ {Xëbr na emgZ _hmamZr XþJm©dVr Zo 1564 _o§ _wJb g_«mQ>AH$~a Ho$ goZmn{V Amg\$ ImZ go bS>H$a AnZr OmZ JdmZo go nhbo n§Ðh dfm©o VH$ emgZ {H$`m Wm&Mm§X ~r~r Zo 1590 Ho$ XeH$ _o§ AH$~a H$r e{º$embr _wJb goZm Ho$ {Ibm\$ Ah_XZJa H$r ajm H$r,{edmOr H$r _m± OrOm~mB© H$mo EH$ `moÕm Am¡a EH$ à^mdembr àH$meH$ Ho$ ê$n _o§ V¡`ma H$aZo dmbr EH$ñÌr ht Wr&

&& 107 &&

A~ VH$ h_Zo XoIm H$r ^maVr` _{hbmAm§oH$m àmMrZ H$mb go _Ü``wJrZ H$mb VH$ {Xò OmZodmbm XOm© A~ h_ ewê$ H$s pñWVr na XoI§oJo H$r ñÌr A~ {g\©$ EH$ gmoM ~ZH$a ah J`r h¡& O~ ñÌr OÝ_boVr h¡ Vmo H$moB© [aíVm| H$m OÝ_ hmoVm h¡ ò AmnH$mo ~VmZo H$s Oê$aV Zhr O~ VH$ EH$ ñÌr OÝ_ boVr h¡V~ VH$ H$moB© Iwe hmoVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© Xþ:Ir hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$gr Ka_o g~ Cgo ñdrH$ma boVo h¡ na Eogr gmoMŠ`m|, "Aao ñÌr h¡ Vmo g§gma h¡', EH$ Amn {Ogna ahVo hmo dmo ^r EH$ ñÌr ê$n h¡, dmo g_mO ê$ngo g~H$monmbVr h¡ Am¡a EH$ ñÌr Omo h¡ Omo AnZo Ka _| em{Xgo nhbo AnZo _m± ~mn Ho godm H$aVr h¡ ~mX_| AnZonVr H$r Am¡a ~ÀMmo H$r Am¡a ñÌr h¡ Vmo H$b h¡ EH$ ê$n go XoIm Omò Vmo BÝgmZ H$mo g_mO _o {OZo bm`H$~ZmVr h¡ dmo h¡ ñÌr. H$hm OmVm h¡ H$r, ñÌr Hw$b H$m CÕma H$aVr h¡ Am¡a gd©Zme ^r H$a gH$Vr h¡, dmo h_na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡ H$r, h_ Cggo H¡$gm ~Vm©d H$aVo h¡& AmnH$mo nVm h¡ nhbo dmo {nVmH$m gwZH$a AnZoBÀN>mAmo H$mo _maVr h¡, {\$a nVr H$r Am¡a [\$a ~ÀMmo§H$mo dmo h_mao {bò AnZm {OdZ ~Xb XoVr h¡ Am¡a h_CgHo$ {bE AnZr gmoM ~Xb Zhr gH$Vo, Š`m h_mao A§Xa H$m BÝgmZ _a J`m h¡ Š`m Zhr Vmo Cgo ~Vm XmoH$s Vwåho OrZm h¡ Vmo ñÌr H$mo OrZo Xmo, ñÌr Eogr e{º$ h¡ Cgo Hw$N>H$amoJo Vmo Vw_ IwX ^r Or Zhr§ nmAmoJo &

&& 108 &&

18. Mbmo AmO _¡ Vwåh| _m± H$r H$hmZr gwZmVm h±þ:- bmoI§S>o am_àgmX Jmonmiamd, ~r.H$m°_. {ÛVr` df©

gwZmo,Vw_ _oar qOXJr hmoYS>H$Z hmo ha Mmh H$s_m± Ho$ {bE ~ÀMo go A{YH$Hw$N>^r _wë`dmZ Zhr hmoVm...hm±..hm± OmZVm hþ± Bg ~mV H$mo V~ goO~ go _oar ha ~mV _| _m± _ar _m± hmoVr Wr&..Mbmo AmO _o§ Vwåh| _m± hr H$hmZr gwZmVm hþ±.B©ída EH$ {XZ ~S>m naoemZ WmCgHo$ nmg ~hþV gmao H$m_ WoAm¡a `h gmoM ahm Wm {H$ O~dh [H$gr Hw$ê$joÌ _§o Ý`m`-AÝ`m`H$s n¡Zr Yma no hmoJm..Vmo g¥ï>r _| gw`© H$dM gmH$m¡Z hmoJm gwajm _|&V^r CgH$s _m± Zo CgHo$ ganahmW aIm Am¡a H$hm {Og _m± _oJ^© go {damQ>ñdê$n H$m OÝ_ hmo,Cg _m± {H$ epŠV go ~T>H$a Am¡aH$m¡Z gr epŠV hmoJr?_m± [H$gr go ^r Zhr S>aVr9 _{hZo H$r gwajm XoH$a{Og AW© H$mo dh OÝ_ XoVr h¡,Cg AW© Ho$ AmJo nwar g¥ï>rXþAmAm§o Ho$ YmJo ~m±YVr h¡...

B©ída _mgy_ ~ÀMm| gm _wñHw$am CR>m,Am¡a AnZr _m± Ho$ öX` goEH$ _m± H$r aMZm H$s YaVr naôOH$a {ZpíMÝV hmo J`m&OmZVo hmo,_m± OmXþJa hmoVr h¡~ÀMo H$r ha A~mobr ^mfm H$mog_PVr h¡, CgH$s ZtX go gmoVr h¡OmJVr h¡,nwVZm H$mo _ma {JamZo H$r H§$g H$moIË_ H$aZr H$s YaVr AmH$meHo$ {dñVma H$mo ZmnZo H$r VmH$VAnZ| Om`| _| âVr h¡&grZo go bJmH$a CgH$s ^wI {_Q>mH$aCg _§o {d¿ZhVm© gm gmhg XoVr h¡..Vmo A~ Vw_ hr H$hmoVw_H$mo amoZo H$s Š`m Oê$aVVwåhmao AmJo bú_U aofm gr _m±,H$r XþAmE± h¡, `w± H$hmo Cggo ~T>H$a hm±:Vw_ ^r Cgo nma H$aHo$ Vw\$mZ _§oZht Om gH$V| ha Am±Yr Vw\$mZ Ho${bE _m± H$m Am±Mb H$m\$s h¡,_m± Ho$ EH$ Bemao naamjg VH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo h±gmVm h¡,V^r Vmo E¡gr E¡gr na IwXm `mX AmVm h¡&

&& 109 &&

19. ^maV H$r H$ënZm N>m J`r Xþ{Z`mna

- H$ZHw$Q>o {dbmg ~m~mamd, ~r.E. Q>r.dm`

^maV H$r ~oQ>r-H$ënZm Mmdbm H$aZmb, h[a`mUm, ^maV _| EH$ {h§Xþ ^maVr` n[adma _o n¡XmhþB© Wr& CZH$m OÝ_ 17 _mM© 1962 _o EH$ ^maVr` n[adma _| hþAm Wm& CZHo$ {nVm H$m Zm_ lr ~Zmagrbmb Mmdbm Am¡a _mVm H$m Zm_ g§O`moVr Wm& dh AnZo n[adma Ho$ Mma ^mB© ~hZmo _| g~go N>moQ>r Wr& Ka_| g~ Cgo ß`ma gw _moQy> H$hVo Wo& H$ënZm H$s àma§{^H$ nT>mB© {bImB© Q>¡Jmoa ~mb {ZHo$VZ _o hþB©&H$ënZm O~ AmR>dr H$jm _| nhþ§°Mr Vmo CgZo B§{O{Zà ~ZZo H$s BÀN>m àH$Q>H$s & CgH$s _m± Zo AnZr~oQ>r H$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo g_Pm Amoa AmJo ~T>Zo _| _XX H$mo& {nVm Cgo {M{H$ËgH$ `m {e{jH$m ~ZmZmMmhVo Wo& qH$Vw H$ënZm ~MnZ go hr A§V[aj _o Kw_Zo H$r H$ënZm H$aVr Wr& H$ënZm H$m gdm©{YH$_hËdnyU©JwU `m CgH$s bJZ Am¡a OwPma àd¥Îmr&

H$ënZm Z Vmo H$m_ H$aZo _o Ambgr Wr Am¡a Z Ag\$bVm _| K~amZo dmbr Wr& CZH$s CS>mZ _|{XbMñnr Ohm±Jra aVZOr XmXm^mB© Q>mQ>m go àoarV Wr Omo EH$ AJ«Ur ^maVr` {d_mZ MmbH$ Am¡aCÚmoJn{V Wo&

{ejm:-

H$ënZm Mmdbm Zo àma§{^H$ {ejm Q>°Jmoa npãbH$ ñHy$b H$aZmb go àmßV H$s& AmJo H$s {ejmd¡_m{ZH$ A{^`m§ÌrH$s _| n§Om~ B§{O{ZàtJ H$m°boO M§S>rJT>^maV go H$aVo hþE 1982 _§o A{^`m§{ÌH$sñZmVH$ H$s CnmYr àmßV H$s& do g§`wŠV A_o[aH$m Ho$ {bE 1982 _§o Mbr JB© Am¡a 1984 d¡_m{ZH$A{^`m§{ÌH$s _| {dkmZ {ZîUm§V H$s CnmYr Q>oH$gmg {díd{dÚmb` Am{b©JQ>Z go àmßV H$s H$ënZm Or Zo1986 _o Xþgar {dkmZ {ZîUm§V {H$ CnmYr àmßV H$s Am¡a 1988 _§o H$mobmoamS>mo {díd{dÚmb` ~moëS>a god¡_m{ZH$ A{^`m§ÌrH$s _| {dÚm dmMñn{V H$s CnmYr nmB©& H$ënZm Or Zo hdmB© OhmOm|, ½bmBS>amo dì`mdgm{`H {d_mZMmbZ Ho$ bmBg|gmo Ho$ {bE à_m{UV CS>mZ à{ejH$ H$m XOm© hm{gb Wm& CÝho

&& 110 &&

CH$b d ~hþB§OZ dm`w`mZm| Ho$ {bE ì`dgm{`H$ Ho$ bmBg|g ^r àmßV Wo& A§V[aj `mÌr ~ZZo go nhbo dmoEH$ gwà{gÕ Zmgm H$s d¡km{ZH$ Wr&

Eåg AZwg§YmZ H|$Ð:-

1988 Ho$ A§V _| CÝhm|Zo Zmgm Ho$ Eåg AZwg§YmZ H|$X« Ho$ {bE Amodog|Q> _oWS²>g B§H$ Ho$CnmÜ`j Ho$ ê$n _o H$m_ H$aZo ewê$ {H$`m, CÝhmoZo dhm± ^r dr Eg Q>r Amo Eb _| gr E\$ S>r(VSTOL) (CFD)

na AZwg§YmZ {H$`m&

Zmgm H$m`©H$mb:-

H$ënZm Or _mM© 1995 _| Zmgm Ho$ A§V[aj `mÌr H$moa _| em{_b hþB© Am¡a CÝh| 1998 _| AnZrnhbr CS>mZ Ho$ {bE MwZm J`m Wm& CZH$m n{hbm A§V[aj {_eZ 19 Zdå~a 1997 H$mo N>h A§V[aj `mÌrhb Ho$ {hñgo Ho$ ê$n _| A§V[aj eQ>b H$mob§{~`m H$s CS>mZ Eg Q>r Eg-87 go ewê$ {H$`m& H$ënZm OrA§V[aj _§o CS>Z| dmbr àW_ ^maV _o§ OÝ_r _{hbm Wr Am¡a A§V[aj _| CS>mZo dmbr ^maVr` _wb H$sXþgar ì`ŠVr Wr& amHo$e e_m© Zo 1984 _| go{d`V A§V[aj `mZ _| EH$ CS>mZ âr Wr& H$ënZm Or AnZonhbo {_eZ _| 1.04 H$amoS>_rb H$m g\$a V` H$a Ho$ n¥Ïdr H$s 252 n[aH«$_mE± H$s Am¡a A§V[aj 360 goA{YH$ K§Q>o {~VmE & Eg Q>r Eg- 87 Ho$ Xm¡amZ ñnmQ>©Z CnJ¥h H$mo V¡ZmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Wr {Oå_oXmar Wr&

1983 _| do EH$ CS>mZ à{ejH$ Am¡a {d_mZZ boIH$, OrZ {nào, h¡argZ go {_br Am¡a emXrH$s Am¡a 1920 _§o EH$ Xoer`H¥$V g§`wŠVamÁ` A_o[aH$m H$s ZmJ[aH$ ~Zr& 2000 _| CÝho Eg Q>r Eg-107 _| AnZr Xþgar CS>mZ Ho$ H$_©Mmar H$s Vm¡a na MwZm J`m& `h A{^`mZ bJmVma nrN>o gaH$Vm ahm,Š`m|{H$ [d{^ÝZ H$m`m} Ho$ {Z`mo{OV g_` _| Q>H$amd hmoVm ahm Am¡a Hw$N>VH${ZH$s g_ñ`m±E Wr &

16 OZdar 2003 H$mo H$ënZm Or Zo A§VV: H$mob§{~`m na MT>Ho$ {~ZmeV© Eg Q>r Eg-107{_eZ H$m Ama§^ {H$`m& 1 \$adar 2003 H$mo H$mob§{~`m A§V[aj`mZ n¥Ïdr H$s H$jm _o àdoe H$aVo hrQw>Q>H$a {~Ia J`m& {XIVo-{XIVo hr A§V[aj `mZ Cg_| gdma gmVm| `m{Ì`m| Ho$ Adeof Q>oH$gmgZm_H$ eha na ~agZo bJo Am¡a g\$b H$hbm`m OmZo dmbm A{^`mZ ^rfU gË` ~Z J`m&

Bg Vah H$ënZm Mmdbm Ho$ `h eãX gË` hmo JE, ""_¡ A§V[aj Ho$ {bE hr ~Zr hþ± & àËòH$ nb A§V[ajHo$ {bE hr {~Vm`m h¡ Am¡a Bgr Ho$ {bE hr _ê±$Jr&''

&& 111 &&

20. "" ñÌr ''

~oQ>r ~MmAmo Xoe ~MmAm, ~oQ>r Zhr Vmo ~hþ H$hm± go bmAmoJo, Am¡aV H$m gå_mZ hr Xoe H$mgÝ_mZ h¡, Am¡aV H$r BÁOV H$aZm {gImo.

^maV Xoe _o§ ha {XZ CËgd {H$ Vah {O`m OmVm h¡& ^maV Xoe g§ñH¥$Vr [à` Xoe _mZm OmVm h¡&^maV Xoe _| Zmar {XZ _Zm`m OmVm h¡& Cg {XZ Am¡aV H$mo ~hþV C±Mm ñWmZ {X`m OmVm h¡& dh ñWmZ ha{XZ Š`mo Zhr {X`m OmVm&

Zmar H$mo Š`m| J§Xr ZOa go XoIm OmVm h¡& dh ^r {H$gr H$r _m±, ~hZ, ~rdr, h¡& Cgo ha nb K±wQ>-Kw±Q>H$a {OZm nS>Vm h¡& ha nb dh _w{g~V H$m gm_Zm H$aVr h¡& Š`m| Cgo Iwbr gm±g Zhr {_bVr &

h_mao ^maV Xoe _| Zmar H$r BÁOV H$aZm H$hm± OmVm h¡& Agb _o Eogm Hw$N>^r Zhr h¡& Š`m dhgM _§o gwa{jV h¡& ajH$ hr CgHo$ ^jH$ ~Z Jò h¡& _m±, ~hþ, ~oQ>r, ~rdr ò gmao Zmar Ho$ Zm_ h¡& Cgr Zm_go Zmar H$mo OmZVo h¡& Zmar ha Zm_ go AnZm Y_©, H$_© AÀN>r Vah go {Z^mVr h¡&

{edmOr _hmamO O¡go _hmZ ì`ŠVr H$mo OÝ_ XoZo dmbr ^r EH$ Zmar Wr& Cg Zmar H$m Zm_{OOm _mVm Wm& {OOm _mVmZo AnZo nwÌ H$mo AÀN>r {ejm Xr& {edmOr _hmamO Ho$ nhbo CZH$r _mVm OrWr& XoIm Om` Vmo _m± hr AnZo ~ÀMo H$r nhbr Jwê$ hmoVr h¡& EH$ Zmar hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo dh AnZo ~ÀMm| H$mobmS>, ß`ma go g§^mbVr h¡& Cgo AÀN>r gr, AÀN>r {ejm XoZo H$r H$mo{ee H$aVr h¡& dh ha ^bo ~wao H$mAhgmg H$admVr h¡& Bg{bE _m± H$m ñWmZ hr g~go C±Mm hmoVm h¡&

ha joÌ _| Zmar hr {XImB© XoVr h¡& Zmar hr ha H$m_ _o§, joÌ _| _X© go AmJo h¡, {H«$S>m joÌ,amO{ZVr joÌ _| CÚmoJ joÌ _|, {ejm joÌ _|, ha joÌ Zmar hr AmJo h¡& Eogm H$moB© joÌ Zhr h¡ Cg_o Zmar^mJ Zhr bo gH$Vr&

nwamZo O_mZo _o§ Zmar H$mo "Mwb Am¡a _wb' ò Xmo hr H$m_ Wo& _Ja AmO Eogm Zhr§ h¡& AmO {XZ~Xb Jò h¡& BÝgmZ H$mo Ehgmg hmo J`m h¡& {H$ Zmar H$mo AJa nT>m`m OmE Vmo h_mar AmZo dmbr {nT>rH$hm± go H$hm± Om gH$Vr h¡& AmO Zmar H$mo ~hþV hr gÝ_mZ {X`m OmVm h¡& Cgo H$m_ H$aZo Ho$ {bE, AmJo~T>m`m Om ahm h¡& Cgo àoaUm {X Om ahr h¡&

"Zmar e{º$ _hmZ h¡'&

Zmar H$mo nT>mE, Xoe H$mo AmJo ~T>mE&

&& 112 &&

21. _{hbm gepŠVH$aU

- _mD$br {g. nw§S>, ~r.H$m°_ {ÛVr` df©

AË`ÝV gab eãXm| _| _{hbm gepŠVH$aU H$m AW© h¡, EH$ _{hbm AnZo ñdV§ÌVm H$mCn`moJ H$a gHo$& AnZo IwX Ho$ \¡$gbo bo gHo$& O¡go-{ejm, amoOJma, {ddmh VWm n[adma H$ë`mUAm{X& h_ {g\©$ h_mao VWmH${WV g_mO Am¡a CgHo$ AmMaU {H$ ~mV H$ao Vmo, ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Zo ñÌrAm¡a nwê$f H$mo g_mZ A{YH$ma {X`m h¡&

h_ _m± H$m AmXa H$aVo h¡, ~hZ go ào_ hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z h_o nwÌ `m bS>H$m Mm{hE hmoVm h¡& AmOH$mZwZ H$S>o hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX H$B© OJh qbJ n[ajU {H$ KQ>Zm gwZVo h¡& ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX15 _| KmofUm h¡ {H$, qbJ, Om{V, Y_© Ho$ AmYma na {H$gr àH$ma ôX^md na amoH$ bJmZm &

2011 {H$ OZJUZm _| ñÌr nwê$f AZwnmV 940:1000 nwê$fm| Ho$ gmW Ho$db 940 _{hbm`| h¡&`h AmH$S>o nT>Zo _| H$B© OJh {_b Om`|Jo, na§Vw _{hbmAm§o Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gH$mamË_H$ gmoM {_bZmOê$ar h¡&

AmO J«m_rU joÌmo _| _{hbmAm§o Ho$ {dH$mg {H$ Á`mXm Oê$aV h¡& Š`m§o{H$ Iob _| _oar H$mo_,gm`Zm Zohdmb Am¡a Aê$ÝY{V ^Å>mMm`© (Eg~r AmB© MoAang©Z) ~±H$sJ _| ~ZZr Oê$ar h¡&

_{hbm gepŠVH$aU Oê$aV Z{h, AmO {H$ _{hbm H$m A{YH$ma h¡&

&& 113 &&

22. qgYwVmB© gnH$mi

- H${dVm AemoH$amd Hw$bH$Uu, E_.E. {ÛVr` df©

h_ AH$ga {eH$m`V H$aVo h¡ {H$, AJa h_o gw{dYmò {_bVr Vmo h_ ^r Hw$N>~ZH$a {XIm XoVoAJa h_ AnZo Amgnmg Ü`mZ go XoIo Vmo h_o Eogo AZoH$ bmoJ {_b Om`|Jo {OgHo$ nmg gw{dYm Zm_ H$sH$moB© MrO Zhr Wr na CÝhmoZo dh H$m_ H$a {XIm`m Omo g^r gw{dYmAm| H$mo hmoVo hþE ^r h_ Zhr H$a nmVoh¡& Eogm hr EH$ Zm_ h¡ "qgYwVmB© gnH$mi' H$m &

nwdu _hmamï´> Ho$ ZdaJm§d Ho$ Jar~ Madmh n[adma _| OÝ_r 62 dfu` qgYwVmB© gnH$mi Zo{g\©$ H$jm 4 VH$ hr àmßV {H$ h¡& qgYwVmB© H$mo§ ß`ma go g^r "_m`r' H$hH$a ~wbmVo h¡& qgYwVmB© go _m`rVH$ H$m `h g\$a H$m±Q>moâm Wm Cg g_` {H$, naånam H$s AZwgma qgYwVmB© H$m {ddmh 9 df© H$s AënAm`w _| 30 dfu` `wdH$ Ho$ gmW H$a {X`m J`m Wm& qgYwVmB© H$mo nT>Zo H$m ~hþV em¡H$ Wm& Bg {bò Bgnona _| nVr gm_mZ bnoQ>H$a Ka bmVo gm_mZ aIZo Ho$ ~mX dh Cgo nT>Zo bJVr Wr& Bg{bE AH$gaCÝho§ Bg AnamY Ho$ {bò nVr Ho$ hmWm| go {nQ>mB© ghZr nS>Vr qgYw VmB© H$hVr h¡& {H$, Eogm Bg{bE hmoVmWm {H$, nVr H$mo bJVm Wm {H$, Bg Vah _¡ CÝho {ZMm {XImZm MmhVr hþ, O~ H$s Eogm Wm Zhr _¢ {g\©$ Am¡a{g\©$ nT>Zm MmhVr Wr ~g&

VrZ ~oQ>m| H$mo OÝ_ XoZo Ho$ CnamÝV Mm¡Wr ~ma O~ _¡ J^©dVr hþB© V~ N>moS>{X`m & Bg{bE Mm¡Wo~ÀMo H$m OÝ_ Omo ~oQ>r Wr & EH$ Jm¡embm _| hþAm Ohm± CZH$s XoI^mb H$aZodmbm H$moB© Zhr Wm Bg{bEnmg ~S>o nËWa go J^©Zmb H$mQ>Zr nS>r & _m± Zo O~ ~oQ>r Ho$ ~mao _o§ gwZm Vmo do Cgo Am¡a CgH$s ZdOmV~oQ>r H$mo AnZo gmW bo J`r, boH$sZ CZHo nmg ^r BVZo gmYZ Zhr Wo, H$s do AnZr ~oQ>r Am¡a ZdmgrnmbZ nmofU H$a nmVr AnZr {OdrH$m MbmZo Ho$ {bò qgYwVmB© gS>H$mo, aoëdo, ßb°Q>\$m°_© Am¡a JmS>r`mo _oJmZm JmH$a {^H$ _m§JVr Wr& AnZr n[apñWVrAm| go V§J AmH$a CÝhmoZo Xmo ~ma AmË_hË`m H$m à`mg{H$`m& nhbr ~ma Ag\$b ahr& Xþgar ~ma O~ do AmË_hË`m H$aZo Om ahr Wr ~oQ>r H$s amoZo H$s AmdmO Zo

&& 114 &&

amoH$ {X`m& Am¡a `hr dh nb Wm {OgZo CZH$s ~S>r gmoM _| ~Xb {X`m VWm {OZH$m EH$ CÔoe `m CÝhmoZo{ZíM` {H$`m {H$, CÝhmoZo Z {g\©$ AnZr ~oQ>r __Vm H$o {bE ~ëH$s CZ O¡go AZoH$ ~ÀMmo Ho$ {bò {OZmh¡& {OÝho g_mO AnZmZo H$mo V¡`ma Zhr h¡&

{nN>bo Vrg gmbm| _| {g§YwVmB© Zo EH$ hOma go Á`mXm AZmW Am¡a AZMmho ~ÀMmo H$m nmbZ{H$`m h¡& BgHo$ {bE CÝhmoZo dh g~ Hw$N>{H$`m Omo dh AnZr ~oQ>r Ho$ nmbZo Ho$ {bE H$aVr Wr H$hr Eog_m¡Ho$$ ^r Amò O~ AnZo ~oQ>r H$mo nmbZo Ho$ {bE H$aVr Wr & H$hr Ego _m¡Ho$ ^r Amò O~ AnZo ~ÀMm| H$mnoQ>nmbZo Ho$ {bò CZHo$ nmg n`m©ßV n¡go Zhr hmoVo Wo& V~ N>moQ>o ~ÀMmo Ho$ XþY _| nmZr {_bm XoVr Wr Am¡a~S>o ~ÀMmo Ho$ ImZo _| gpãO`m| H$s H$Q>m¡Vr hmoVr Wr&

qgYwVmB© Ho$ BVZo ~S>o n[adma H$mo MbmZo Ho$ {bE H$moB© ì`dgm{`H$ à~ÝYZ H$m`© Zhr H$aVm~ëH$s CÝhr Ho$ n[adma Ho$ 30 ~ÀMo {OZH$s C_« 30 df© `m Cggo WmoS>r Á`mXm h¡& Bgo MbmZo _| _mB© H$s_XV H$aVo h¡&

AÝZV _hmXodZ Ho$ {\$ë_ _| qgYwVmB© gnH$mi Zo AMmZH$ CÝho nwar Xþ{Z`m± _§o bmoH${à` ~Zm{X`m h¡& AmO do bmoJ H$s "àoaUm ñÌmoV' ~Z J`r h¡& Xoe {dXoe _| bmoJ CÝho ^mfU XoZo Ho$ {bò Am_§ÌUH$a aho h¡& CZHo$ ^mfU {OdZ H$mo àoaUm XoZo dmbo JmUm|go âo hmoVo h¡& do H$hVr h¡ {H$ "^mfU {Xò {~ZmameZ Zhr {_bVm' dh AnZo ha ^mfU _o AnZo ~ÀMmo Ho$ Ka Am¡a ameZ Ho$ {bE AZwXmZ _m§JVr h¡"&

&& 115&&

23. ~hþAm`m_r ñÌr

- nR>mU emoE~ImZ g{_D$ëbmImZ, E_.E. {ÛVr` df© {hÝXr

_¡ Am¡aV hþ±, Am¡aV hìdm H$s ~oQ>r, Amg_mZ go ôOr JB© n{dÌ ~y±X Omo g{X`m| go Bg gaO_rZH$mo grMVr Mbr AmB©& _¡ Am¡aV hþ±, _¡Zo hr ß`ma Ho$ a§J ~ra§Jr \y$b {IbmH$a Bg Xþ{Z`m H$mo OÝZV~Zm`m, _¡Zo hr, AnZr H$moI go _Xm} H$mo OZ_ {X`m& _m± ~ZH$a Cgo nm±d na MbZm {gIm`m Vmo ~hZ~ZH$a CgHo$ OtXJr H$mo aoe_r ZJ_mo _| T>m`m& Vmo earHo$ h`mV ~ZH$a AnZo OdmZr H$s AZ_mob _moVrbwQ>mH$a CgHo$ amV Am¡a {XZ gOmE& _¡Zo hr dŠV nS>Zo na H§$Yo go H§$Ym Am¡a H$X_ go H$X_ {_bmH$aH±$Q>rbr amhmo _| XmoñV ~ZH$a CgH$m gmW {X`m Am¡a ò g~ H$aVo hþE, AnZm dOwX (ApñVËd) ImoH$a, _¡Am¡a Zwa H$s dmo ~w§X _X© _| nyar H$s nyar g_m JB©& _oar Bg ~o{_gmb Hw$~m©Zr H$s H$hmZr H$mo ha _Oh~(Y_©) Zo gwZhao Aë\$mO (eãX) _| {bIm _wPo AO_V (loð>Ëd) H$s Cg ñWmZ na ~rR>m {X`m, Ohm±nhþ±MH$a B§gmZ loð>Ëd H$s AZw^w{V H$aVm h¡& bo{H$Z ò gË` Zhr, â_ Wm, ao{JñVmZ _| nmZr Ho$OOrao O¡gm â_ h¡& {OgHo$ Qw>Q>Vo hr AmO gXr`m± ~rV OmZo VH$ ha båho _wPo `hr S>a gVm`m ahVm h¡&Ho$ Zm OmZo H$~ AnZo C±MmB© go _¡ Jram ^r OmD±$, H$~ {H$gr Hw$E± _o T>Ho$b Xr OmD±$, H$~ OwE _| Xmd nabJm Xr OmD±$, H$~ AnZr nmH$sOJr H$m g~yV XoZo Ho$ {bò _wPo emobmo _o PwbgZm nS>o, H$~ {ZH$mh H$aHo$ AnZmB© OmD±$ Vmo VbmH$ XoH$a Rw>H$am Xr OmD±$ Am¡a H$~ _oar Bg VZ H$m aIdmbm _X© AnZo hr hmWm§o,_wPo ~oAm~«w H$aVm aho Š`m|{H$ _¡ EH$ Am¡aV hþ±, EH$ _{hbm h±w&

CÝZrgdr gXr _| hr ^maV H$s _{hbmAm§o Ho$ _Z _o§ do àíZ CR>Zo bJo Wo {OZH$m Odm~ nwê$fàYmZ g_mO Ho$ nmg Zhr Wm& _{hbmAm| Zo {ejm Am¡a amO{ZVr A{YH$mam| H$s _m±J H$s & gZ² 1858 go1905 Ho$ ZdOmJaU H$mb _| ~hþV go nwê$f Am¡a _{hbm gwYmadmXr Câo& _{hbmAm| _| CëboIZr` Zm_h¡ gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo, n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©, ñdU© Hw$_mar Xodr Am{X& gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo Zo gZ² 1848 _o nyUo _obS>H$s`m| Ho$ {bE nhbm ñHw$b Imobm Wm& _{hbm ge{º$H$aU H$s {Xem _o `h EH$ AZmoIm à`mg Wm&n§{S>Vm a_m~mB© Zo ^r Zmar {ejm H$o {bE _hËdnyU© H$m`© {H$`m& a_m~mB© Zo Xmo _hËdnwU© nwñVHo$ {bIr"ñÌr Y_© Zr{V' VWm "X hmB© H$mñQ>{hÝXþ dw_¡Z' &

H¡$bme^m{fUr Xodr Zo "^maVr` Zmar' na E{Vhm{gH$ {Z~ÝY {bIm& _hmË_m Jm§Yr Zo ^rAmOmXr H$s bS>mB© _| _{hbmAm| H$mo OmoS>m Am¡a CÝho§ epŠV àXmZ H$s& EH$ Va\$ ZdOmJaU H$mb, XþgarVa\$ AmOmXr H$m g§Kf©& Bgr{bE AmOmXr H$s bS>mB© _| ~S>r g§»`m _| Am¡aV gm_Zo AmB©& BZ_| go Hw$N>H$m Zm_ h_ OmZVo h¡& _Ja hOmam| H$m Zhr OmZVo& do B{Vhmg Ho$ nÝZmo _| XO© h¡& ñÌr`m| H$s pñW[V H$moboH$a ~rgdr gXr Ho$ _Ü` _§o O¡gm _hmXodr d_m© Zo {bIm d¡gm em`X {H$gr Am¡a Zo Zhr {bIm& _hmXodrd_m© V~ pñÌ`mo§ Ho$ ~mao _| O¡gm {bI ahr Wr d¡gm V~ A§Jo«Or _| {XImB© Zhr XoVm&

AmOmXr Ho$ g§Kf© _| Jm§YrOr, Zohê$Or, gw^mfMÝÐ ~mog Am{X AZoH$ ZoVmAm| Ho$ AmìhmZ nahOmam|-hOma pñÌ`mE± AmÝXmobZ _o§ AmB© CZ_o go ~hþV gr bo{IH$mE± ^r Wr& CÝhm|Zo ^r AmO H$s ñÌr H$mo

&& 116 &&

AmË_{Z^©aVm {XbmZo Am¡a CgH$s amh _| ~rN>o g_ñ`m ê$nr H$m§Q>mo H$mo Xþa H$aZo _o AnZr _hËËdnyU©^w{_H$m [Z^mB©& BgHo$ Abmdm _{hbmAm| _| _¡S>_ [^H$mOr H$m_m {OÝhmo§Zo \«$m±g go "dÝXo_mVa²_' `hAI~ma {ZH$mbm& gamo{OZr Zm`Sw>^r Ambm XOm© H$s H$d{`Ìr _mZr OmVr Wr& Am¡a AÝ` _{hbmAm| _oH$_bmXodr MQ>monmÜ`m`, bú_r ghJb, àr{VbVm, amOHw$_mar, A_¥VH$m¡a, Zobr goZJwßVm, AZwg`mgmam^mB© Am{X Z OmZo {H$VZr _{hbmE± h¡ {OÝhm|Zo AnZr boIZr H$mo _mÜ`_ ~ZmH$a _{hbmAm| H$spñWVr H$mo gwYmaZo H$m à`mg H$s`m&

AmO ^r h_| Bg àH$maH$m Ñí` Ñï>rJV hmoVm h¡ {Ogo XoIH$a h_§o h¡amZr Zhr hmoVr dmo ò {H$AmO H$s _{hbmAmo _o {g\©$ Ka J¥hñWr H$mo g§^mbZo VH$ {g{_V Zhr ahr h¡, ~pëH$ ha joÌ _| CÝhm§oZoAnZr ñÌr epŠV H$m àXe©Z ~Iw~r VarHo$ go {H$`m h¡ Am¡a AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ g_mO _o {Z_m©UH$s h¡, AnZo \$Z H$m _wOmham {H$`m h¡, AnZo Amn H$mo OmZm h¡ Am¡a ñÌr epŠV H$m Ahgmg g_mO H$mo{Xbm`m h¡& ì`mdgm{`H$ joÌ hmo `m nm[admarH$, _{hbmAm|Zo `h gm{~V H$a {X`m h¡ {H$ do dmo ha H$m_ H$mA§Om_ Xo gH$Vr h¡ Omo H$^r nwê$fm| Ho$ `mo½` g_Pm OmVm Wm A~ dhm± _{hbmAm| H$mo H$m_ H$aVo XoIH$ah_§oAmíM`© Zhr hmoVm h¡& {ejm Am¡a AmË_{Z^©a ~Z OmZo Ho$ H$maU dh AnZo Amn na {dídmg H$a,AnZo OrdZ g§~§Yr {ZU©` boZo bJr h¡&

H${dVm-H$hm{Z`m| _|, CnÝ`mgm| _o pñÌ`m± AmVr h¡& ~S>r g§»`m _| bo[IH$mE± {OZ_| H¥$îUmgmo~Vr, _ÝZw ^§S>mar, nÙm gMXod, _¥Xþbm JJ©, Cfm {à`d§Xm, _¥Umb nm§S>o, {MÌm _wXJb, _¡Ìo`r nwînm,Zm{gam e_m©, à^m IoVmZ Am{X AZoH$ _{hbmAm|Zo _{hbm _wÔmona AnZr H$b_ MbmB©& Bg àH$ma goAmO H$s ñÌr Bg g_mO _| EH$ àH$ma go AmYma ~Zr hþB© h¡ Cgo epŠV go hr g_mO _| AZoH$ H$m`© g\$bhþE h¡&

ho ñÌr! Bg OrdZ H$m AmYma Vw_ñd`§ _| hr gH$b Ñ{ï>H$m gma Vw_ hmo ñÌr!

Vw_ d¥Õ hmo Bg g§nÝZ Ya-grVw_ erVb hmo {Zem Ho$ M§Ð_m-grVw_ n`m©` g_ñV nwpî`V àñ\w$Q>Z H$mVw_ M§Mb hmo emoI ZXr H$s Ymam-gr.

hmo ñd`§ hr H$sgr ^dgmJa H$m nma Vw_ho ñÌr! Bg OrdZ H$m AmYma Vw_

Vwåhmao öX` _| VXW© H$ê$Um{ZíMoï>h¡ `h gH$b V¥îUmg§Ü`m H$s n{dÌ {ZñVãYVm hmo Vw_nao h¡ Vw_go H«$moY, B©î`m©,K¥Um.

{Z_©b, {ZíMb-gr IwX _| EH$ g§gma Vw_ho ñÌr! Bg OrdZ H$m AmYma Vw_.

&& 117 &&

~oH$ma CbPo VH$m©o _o

ahZm hmoJm gVH©$

ñÌr gwajm h_mam H$V©ì` h¡

AnZo Xm{`Ëd H$mo g_Po h_

aho h_oem Xj

aIo hmXgmo na bú`

H$moB© _O~wa Zm hmo ^ú`

h_o boZm h¡ CgH$m nj

H$ao à{VH$ma

CR>mò hË`ma

Zhr _mZ|Jo hma

Zm H$ao {H$gr {H$ à{Vjm

H$a ñÌr H r gwajm

JwÝhoJma H$mo {XbdmE§Jo gOm

V^r AmEJm _Om

ñÌr H$mo {_boJm C±Mm ñWmZ

Xoe H$m ~T>oJm _mZ.

24. ñÌr gwajm

- Amem ImaJo, E_.E.

qH$_Vr MrOm| {H$ H$aVo h¡ ajm

H$hm± h¡ h_mar ñÌr gwajm

{g\© ~ZmVo h¡ H$mZwZ

H$aVo h¡ g§{dYmZ H$m IwZ

ha nb hmoVr _m¡V

JwÝhoJma ^mJVo h¡ ~hþV

ñÌr na hmoVo h¡ AË`mMma

gaH$ma ~Zr h¡ bmMma

ñÌr H$mo Zhr h¡ AmYma

ñÌr gwajm H$r ~Zo `moOZm

A_b H$m H$moB© Zm_ Zhr

A~bm ~o~g Zmar

ajm hoVw nwH$mao

Mmamo {XemAm| _| Jw±Oo AmdmO

g^r ~hao hmo JE h¡ AmO

g^r H$mo h¡ AnZo H$m_H$mO

g_mO ~Zm h¡ Jw±Jm

ñÌr emofU H$m ZmM h¡ Z§Jm&

h_mam IwZ Zhr hmoVm J_©

AmVr Zhr h_§o e_©

_a J`m Am±Imo H$m nmZr

ì`W© h¡ h_mar OdmZr

&& 118 &&

OJ_JmE g_J«g§gma

dh h¡ {díd H$m AmYma

~oQ>r`m± ~MmH$a ~MmE g¥ï>r

Czna nS>o Zm Hw$ Ñï>r

~§X H$ao ñÌr ^y«U hË`m

h_o ò emo^m Zhr XoVm

~oQ>r, ~hZ, nËZr, _m°§ ê$n

BgH$s _hVr h¡ AZyR>r

BgHo$ OÝ_ na Š`m§o AmnËVr

ò h¡ g~go ~S>r g§nÎmr

BZH$s g§»`m hmoJr H$_

~mX _| H$a|Jo J_

dh h¡ A_¥V H$s Ymam

BgH$m Zhr H$moB© {H$Zmam

BZ_| h¡ gm¢X`©

{XImB© g_` na Y¡`©

25. ~oQ>r

- Amem ImaJo, E_.E.

~oQ>r h¡ gw§Xa gr ^mdZm

dh h¡ H$b H$m gw§Xa gnZm

~oQ>r B©ída H$m g¥OZ

~oQ>r h_mam gÝ_mZ h¡

~oQ>r h¡ {dídmg

h_mao OrdZ H$m hmg

CgH$m Zm H$ao An_mZ

H$ao gX¡d Cgna A{^_mZ

~oQ>r {Z^mò AnZm \$O©

MwH$mò Jr XþY H$m H$O©

~oQ>r H$aoJr OÝ_ g\$b

Amo h¡ h_mam H$b, AmO Am¡a H$b

~oQ>r ~S>r ^m½` embr

{_R>r h¡ CgH$r ~mobr

Cgo {_bo AÀN>r {ejm

gX¡d H$ao CgH$r ajm

ZmOwH$ gr H$br

bmS>ß`ma _| nbr

nmnm Ho$ {ga H$m VmO

Cgr go h_mam g~Hw$N>h¡ AmO

~oQ>r h¡ {XnerIm

&& 119 &&

AdH$me _§o H$ao CS>mZ&

bo{H$Z I~ao AI~mam| H$r,

H$aVr h¡ _Z CXmg,

{XZ XhmS>o Iwbr gS>H$ na

hmo ahm ZmarËd H$m An_mZ&

J^©Ob narjm Zo bobr

{H$VZr H${b`m| H$r OmZ,

XhoO H$r bmbM _o hmo JE,

{H$VZo gnZo Im±H$&

H$mZwZ Am¡a H$S>r gOm go,

{g\©$ Z hmoJm H$m_,

Zmar-{ejm, Zmar g§JR>Z na

XoZm hmoJm Ü`mZ&

g_mO-_Z H$m {dMmamoËWmZ hr

aIoJm BÝgm{Z`V H$r emZ&

26. ^maV H$r Zmar

- _ñHo$ J§Jm {XJ§~a, E_.E. {hÝXr [ÛVr` df©

_¡ ^maV H$r Zmar h±w,

~S>r hr ^mm½èmbr hþ±&

amZr bú_r, {OOmD$ H$s,

naånam H$m {hñgm hþ±&

{edN>ÌnVr Zo {H$`m h_oem,

ZmarËd H$m gå_mZ

gVr àWm H$mo amoH$Zo,

bS>o ò amOmam_&

gm{dÌr Zo Pobo nËWa,

N>oS>m ñÌr {ejm A{^`mZ,

H$d©o, {VbH$, AmJaH$a Zo

OJm`m AmË_gå_mZ&

^maV Ho$ ha joÌ _|,

~Zm`m AnZm ñWmZ

Zmar AmO H$r {hå_Vdmbr,

&& 120 &&

27. _Xa Voaogm- _ñHo$ J§Jm {XJ§~a, E_.E. {hÝXr [ÛVr` df©

{díd_mVm _Xa Voaogm BZH$m OZ_ 26 AJñV 1910 H$mo CËVa _{gS>mo{Z`m _| H$mogmo~m àrVH$r amOYmZr ñH$mon `hm± hþAm& {ZH$obm Am¡a S´>oZm{\$b BZH$s `h {Vgar g§VmZ Wr& _Xa Voaogm BZHo$^mB© H$m Zm_ bmPma Wm& Am¡a ~hZ H$m Zm_ EO Wm& g_mO _o§ XþI Am¡a J[a~r Zï>H$aZo _o CZH$m nhbmñWmZ h¡& CÝhmoZo ^maV Xoe _| AmH$a AnZr AmIar gm±g VH$ g_mOgodm H r & BÝgm{Z`V H$r Ñï>rH$moZgo Am_ AmX_r Ho$ {bE CÝhmoZo {H$E hþE H$m`m} H$r B{Vhmg _| AmO ^r Zm§oX h¡& 24 _B© 1937 H$mo ^maV _|H$bH$Îmm Ho$ g§oQ>_oar ñHw$b _| dh AÜ`m{nH$m H$s Zm¡H$ar H$s& Am¡a dh AmË_r`Vm go ^maVr` ~Zr& AmJoIwX Ho$ nmg n¡gm d {H$gr H$m ghmam Zm hmoVo hþE ^r dh PmonS>nÅ>r _| OmH$a ~ÀMo ~wT>o Am¡a _arOm| H$s godmH$aZo bJo& Jar~mo H$s godm H$aZo _| CÝhmoZo YÝ`Vm _mZr Wr&

_Xa Voaogm BÝhm|Zo H$bH$Îmm H$s PmonS>nÅ>r _| OJh boH$a g_mOgodm ewê$ H$s& CÝhmoZo _m± H$s__Vm Xr {XZ X{bVmo H$s godm H$s & _Xa Voaogm nhbo go hr X`mbw Wr& godmd¥Îm `h B©ída H$s BÀN>m H$sà{VH$ _mZH$a XþIr`m| H$mo ào_ Am¡a AmYma {X`m& BVam| Ho$ H$ë`mU Ho$ {bE gX¡d VËna Wr& {nS>rVmo H$sgodm _| Ah§H$ma H$m nVm hr Zhr Wm& g_mO H$m`© H$aVo g_` dh AnZo gmW CZH$m| ^r gm_rb H$a boVrWr& PmonS>nÅ>r _| H$r J§XJr dh bS>{H$`m| H$mo {XImH$a nwN>Vr H$s Jar~ bmoJm| H$mo _XV H$aZo Ho$ {bEH$moB© godm H$m`© ewê$ {H$`m Vmo Cg_o§ Vw_ em_rb hm|Jo `m Zhr? `h gdmb Vmo bS>{H$`m| H$mo ^mdyH$ H$aZmWm Am¡a dh AnZo Amn hr hm± ~mobVr Wr& Bg àH$ma MmbZm XoH$a dh gm_m{OH$ H$m`© H$aVr Wr&

_Xa Voaogm BÝhm|Zo N>moQ>o ~ÀMmo H$mo ^JdmZ H$m \y$b _mZH$a CÝh| OrdZ {X`m& AË`mMma~bmËH$ma Bg dOh go Hw$_mar _mVm AnZo ZdOmV A^«H$ H$mo H$Mao _o \o$§H$ XoVr Wr& Eogo H$Mao _o S>mbohþE ~ÀMmo H$mo Hw$Îmo ImVo Wo, BZ ~ÀMmo H$m H$moB© Zhr Wm& Eogo g_` _Xa Voaogm ^JdmZ H$s BV ~ZHo$ CZ~ÀMmo Ho nmg OmVr Wr& Am¡a CZ ~ÀMmo, H$mo {eew ^dZ _o bmH$a CÝho _m± H$m ß`ma XoVr Wr&

Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr ^yH§$n, Vy\$mZ ~mT>Bg dOh go ~hþV bmoJmo H$m OrdZ CÕdñV hmo OmVm Wm&Eogo g_` CZH$s Ka| Zï>, hmo OmVr Wr& Eogr _wpíH$b _o \§$go bmoJmo H$r _XV H$aZo Ho$ {bE _Xa Voaogmh_oem V¡æ`ma ahrVr Wr& H$mobH$mVm eha _| H wîR>amoJ H$m ~T>Vm à_mU Ü`mZ _| boVo hþE Hw$ð>amoJm| Ho$_arOmo Ho$ {bE AñnVmb H$m H$m_ _Xa Voaogm Zo {H$`m& Hw$ð>amoJr`m| Ho$ _arOmo Ho$ {bE Img em§{VZJaZm_H$ EH$ dgmhV ñWmnZ H r& Bg àH$ma g_mO H$s doXZm nhMmZZodmbr _Xa Voaogm BÝhmoZo nyarXþ{Z`m n¡gmo H$r _XV AmZm ewê$ hþB©& ~hþV go bmoJm| Zo CZHo$ Bg H$mog© H$mo {Xbmgm {X`m& S>m°. E_.MìhmU BÝhm|Zo 5 bmI S>m°ba {Xò& Am¡a H°$ZO _o g|Q>nmb JmdV 10 bmI S>m°bg© {Xò Wo&

AnZm nyam OrdZ Jar~mo H$s godm _| _Xa Voaogm Zo An©U {H$`m na CZHo$ H$`m} H$s nhMmZ~hþV go bmoJmo Zo Zhr aIr& CZHo$ OrdZ _| CÝho OrdZ _| CÝho _°½Zogo nwañH$ma, Odmhabmbnm[aVmo{fH$ {_bo& ^maV gaH$maZo 1962 _| CÝho nÙlr {X`m& Am¡a 1980 _| ^maV aËZ nwañH$ma gogÝ_m{ZV {H$`m J`m& 1979 _| CÝh| Zmo~b nwañH$ma {_bm& àm_{UH$ Vm go h_oem Jar~mo§ H$s _XVH$aZodmbr Bg _m± H$m A§V 5 {gV§~a 1997 H$mo hþAm&

&& 121 &&

28. Xoe H$s nhbr _{hbm AÜ`m{nH$m … gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo

- _ñHo$ J§Jm {XJ§~aamd, E_.E.{ÛVr` df© {hÝXr

Xoe H$s nhbr _{hbm AÜ`m{nH$m d Zmar _w{º$ Am§XmobZ H$s nhbr ZoVm& bo{H$Z EH$ Eogr_{hbm {OÝhmoZo CÝZrgdr gXr _o Ny>Am-Ny>V gVràWm, ~mb{ddmh VWm {dYdm {ddmh {ZfoY O¡grHw$ar{V`m± Ho$ {dê$Õ AnZo nVr Ho$ gmW {_bH$a H$m_ {H$`m& na qhXþñVmZ Zo ^wbm {X`m& Eogr _{hbm H$moh_mam eV eV Z_Z....

gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo H$m OÝ_ 3 OZdar 1831 _| EH$ X{bV n[adma _o hþAm& gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo XoeH$s nhbr _{hbm AÜ`m{nH$m Ed§ Zmar _wŠVr Am§XmobZ H$s nhbr ZoVm Wr& {OÝhmoZo AnZo nVr Á`mo{V~m\w$bo {H$ gh`moJ go Xoe _| _{hbm {ejm H$s Zr§d aIr& gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo EH$ X{bV n[adma _o OÝ_r_{hbm Wr bo{H$Z CÝhmoZo CÝZrgdr gXr _| _{hbm {ejm H$s ewê$AmV Ho$ ê$n _o Kmoa ~«måhUdmX Ho$dM©ñd H$mo grYr MwZm¡Vr XoZo H$m H$m_ {H$`m Wm& CÝZrgdr gXr _| Nw>Am-Nw>V, gVràWm, ~mb{ddmh VWm{ddmh {ZfoY O¡gr Hw$ar{V`m ~war Vah go ì`mßV Wr& CŠV gm_m{OH$ ~wamB©`m± {H$gr àXoe {deof _| hrgr{_V Z hmoH$a g§nyU© ^maV _o \¡$b MwH$s Wr& _hmamï´> Ho$ _hmZ g_mOgwYmaH$ Á`mo{V~m \w$bo H$sY_©nËZr gm{dÌr~mB© Zo AnZo nVr Ho$ gm_m{OH$ H$m`© _| Z Ho$db hmW ~±Q>m`m ~pëH$ AZoH$ dfm} VH$CZH$m _mJ©Xe©Z ^r {H$`m&

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English

1. The Current Status of Women in India

Khandare Prakash Girmaji, B.A. T.Y.

"It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless thecondition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only onewing."

Swami Vivekananand

In the above Statement Swamiji states the importance of women in thesociety. Today's India offers a lot of opportunities to women with womenhaving a voice in everyday life, the business world as well as in political life.

Nevertheless India is still a male dominated society where women areoften seen as subordinate and inferior to man.

India is moving away from the male dominated culture.Discrimination is still highly visible in rural as well as in urban areasthroughout all stratas of society. While women are granted equality under theconstitution. Legal protection has a limited effect where there is patriarchalsociety.

According to Indian constitution women are legal citizen of thecountry and have equal rights with men because of luck of acceptance fromthe male dominated society Indian women suffer immensely. Women are alsooverworked in the field and in all of the domestic work. Most of Indianwomen are uneducated. Although the country's constitution says that womenshould have equal status with man. Women are powerless and are mistreatedinside and outside the home.

India is a society where male is greatly severed. Therefore womenespecially, the young girls, get very little respect and standing in this country.The women of the house hold are required to prepare the meal for the men.Women eat most of the food only after the males have finished eating.Typically, the leftover food is major considering the families are poor andlittle to begin with. This creates major problem with malnutrition, especiallyfor pregnant or marrying women, very few women seek medical care whilepregnancy because it is thought of as a temporary condition. This is one main

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reason why India's maternal and infant death rates are so high. Starting frombirth, girls do not receive as much care commitment from their parents andSociety as a boy would for example a new baby would only be breast fed for ashort period of time, barley supplying her with the nutrients she needs. This isso that the mother can get pregnancy as soon as possible in hopes of son.

Even though the constitution guarantee free primary schooling toeveryone up to l4years of age a very few females attend school of all women inIndia. Actually they attend primary schools. There are several reasons whypeople don’t teach daughter. One reason is that parents get nothing in returnfor educating their daughter. Another, reason is that all the family inhousehold have the responsibility of the housework . So even thougheducation does not financially burden a family. lt costs than the time shespends at school when she could be doing chores. ln addition, even if awoman is educated, especially in the poorer regions, there is no hope for a job.Most jobs, women perform are agricultural or domestic. Which do not requirea formal education. Another reason girls are not educated because familiesare required to shape the family of her future. India being a country of menand students predominately male, pulling daughters in school, where malessurround them all day could pose a possible threat to their virginity.

Because women are not educated and cannot hold a prestigious job.They take on the most physically difficult and undesirable jobs. Typical dayfor a woman in an agricultural position lasts from 4 am to 8pm with only anhour break in the middle. Compared to man's day which is from 3pm to 5pmmost women are overworked with no maternity leave or special breaks forthose who are pregnant. Plus women do the majority of the manual labor thatrequires a lot of energy, compared to the men who do mostly machineoperating.

Even though women work twice as many hours as men. The men saythat," Women eat food and do nothing". This is mainly because what womenperform does not require a lot of skill and are smaller tasks.

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2. Indian Women Freedom Fighters

Panchange Sumit Bhaurao

B.A., Third Year (English)

Indian's freedom struggle saw a significant participation of women. Afew women freedom fighters in Indian history played a significant role.Basically , the relatives encourage them to join the movement for the sake ofnation. A few women freedom fighters took education to aim at joining thefreedom struggle movement to free the nation from the Britishers.

So, there were a few women who participated in the Indian freedommovement. One of them is Rani Lakshmi Bai, who is a widely known womanin the history of India. She was a superb leader of that time and her patrioticwork inspired other women also. Rani Lakshmi Bai was born in holy city ofVaransi on 21 November in 1835. Her mother called her Manu. She wasmarried to Gangadharrao the head of the Jhansi in Utter Pradesh. She was notallowed to adopt a son after his death. Rani Lakshmi Bai determined to revoltagainst the British rule. She holding sword and shield with hand took up thehorse to fight against the British power. She was a brave worrier. She foughtup to her last breathing and she died on the batter field. Therefore , the firstname that comes to the mind is of famous freedom fighter Rani Lakshmi Bai.

Further, another woman who made significant contribution is AnniBesant an Irish lady, the leader, Theosophical society. She was the first womanpresident of Indian National Congress. She also established "Home RuleLeague" in Madras in 1915 and she took the responsibility of presidentialshipon her shoulder, She started a newspaper named 'New India'. ln her paper shegot involved in political and educational activities and set up a number ofschools and colleges. She opened a 'Central Hindu college and school' inBanaras in 1913.

Similarly, another freedom fighter woman Sarojini Naidu has beenknown as a 'Nightingale of India'. She is a distinguished poet as well asfreedom fighter. Sarojini Naidu was also elected as the president of IndianNational Congress. She was an orator at that time one time Gokhale listened tothe speech of Naidu, he revealed that, she would become an orator andbrilliant lecturer in future. She participated in Salt Satyagraha in 1930 by M.K.Gadhi. She was influenced by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Gandhiji. Shecomposed a poetry about education and emancipation of women and Hindu -Muslim unity.

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Besides , another great women Aruna Asaf Ali was a radicalnationalist. She was a prominent freedom fighter in India . She edited'Inqulab' monthly journal of the Indian National Congress. Thus journalcriticized the British rule.

Further , another woman Madam Cama fought for the freedom of thecountry . She was helped as a revolutionary with money and materials by thepeople . She unfurled the first National flag at the international socialistconference in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907. She declared that the flag is ofIndian Independence.

Similarly, another freedom fighter woman is Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit .She was a daughter of Motilal Nehru. She was also inspired by Rani LakshamiBai and she was impressed by Sarojini Naidu. Vijaya Lakshmi Panditparticipated in 'Non-corporation Movement , started against the British ruleby Gandhiji. She represented India in many foreign conferences. She attendeda number of lectures and challenged the British government that she woulddrive them away. However she was arrested in 1932 and she was sentencedfor one year imprisonment.

In this way Rani Lakshmi Bai, Annie Besant, Sarojini Naidu , ArunaAsaf Ali , Madam Cama and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit dedicated their life forthe county.

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3. Women Empowerment : A Survey

Shardul Pedgaonkar, B.Com.

Woman... the biggest topic being tremendously disbursed and inupdates day by day. Women are those who make the world alive. Becauseevery human is borne by mother who is obviously a woman.

Today’s world’s population is growing up by everyday and today atthis step it has crossed the limit of 500 crores. Obviously, the population is thecombination of men and women. In Maharashtra the proportion of men andwomen is 1000:963 approximately. A woman, in fact, is W- Wealth ofuniverse, O-oriental to success, M-Most passionate mankind, A-Acuteordinary vision and N-Never ending ambitions. It means, women have alluncommon and supreme factors in them.

From ancient times, women are dominated. It is asserted that she wasprohibited from educational and circular activities. Marathi social reformerssay that woman was strictly bound within the kitchen and family, InMaharashtra, personalities like Ramabai Ranade, Pandita Ramabai, SavitribaiPhule enhanced the light of realities the people, they worked hard by varioussocial activities and programers for the upliftment of the girls’ education.

We must say that woman is the backbone of the universe. No one iscomplete without a woman. The blind customs and traditions of old Indianpeople getting eliminated in the society by the great persons like LokmanyaTilak, Gopalrao Agarkar, Ramkrishna Bhandarkar, Mahadevrao Ranade andothers. In the pious mission of these great people, their wives supported themwith the zeal and full enthusiasm.

In 21st century, there are various outstanding examples that broughtan amazing transformation in the status of women. In the struggle ofIndependence, a woman like Rani Laxmibai faught against Britishers andkilled the British officers as Nelson and Marshall. Savitribai Phule started firstschool for girls in Pune by tolerance of the poor reactions of people. AnandibaiJoshi became the first lady doctor. Ramabai Ranade worked for literacy andjustice of widows.

The Indian women proved the most influencing and inspiring agentsof society for all the women in the world. Indira Gandhi, first lady PrimeMinister of India; Kalpana Chawla, First lady space researcher; PratibhataiPatil, First lady President of India. They are the pride of India. Social

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reformers like Sindhutai Sapkal, Medha Patkar, Sudha Murti, Dr. MandaAmte (wife of Dr. Prakash Amte), IPS Kiran Bedi, becme the role models.

The recent great women are, CEO of ICICI Bank Ltd. Chanda Kohchar;MD and CEO of Pepsico Pvt. Ltd., Indra Nooyi; Badninton players, JwalaGutta and Saina Nehwal ; Tennis girl, Sania Mirza; Boxing player, Mary Kom,proving as the best personalities in the world.

Moreover, women like Hilary Clinton, Queen Victoria and QueenElizabeth also performed transformation. Lady like mother Teressa who hadcome from abroad, but then worked for Indian society got ‘Nobel Prize forPeace’.

But, in contradiction to this, we also observe some mistreatment ofwomen in the world. They are humiliated and harassed through rape cases,kidnaping, murders,. dowry, infant mortalities. The Indian Government isundertaking its utmost efforts to give an identity to women through ‘WomenEmpowerment’, ‘Save the Girl Child’ to create awareness about decreasingnumber of women.

‘‘She is the superpower and gift of god, who build the world, becomesthe golden globe; The ‘Future’ is upon ‘her’ is universal truth, and she is theonly world’s best caliber’’.

Women empowerment only can make the world strong and peaceful.

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4. CHANDA KOCHHAR

Dhanashri Joshi, B.Com T. Y.

A living inspiration for today’s women, Chanda Kochhar is theManaging Director and Chief Executive Officer of ICICI Bank, India’s largestprivate and overall second largest bank in the country.

Chanda Rochhar was born on 17 th November 1961 in Jodhpur,Rajastan. Kochhar completed her bachelor of arts Degree from Jai HindCollege, Mumbai. Later on she earned a Masters degree in Managementstudies (Finance) from the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies,Mumbai.

A mother of two Chanda Kochhar efficiently juggles her career withfamily. Ms. Chanda Kochhar was elevated to the board of directors of ICICIbank in 2001. she was instrumental in establishing ICICI bank during the 1990s, and subsequently headed the infrastructure finance and corporate bankingbusiness in ICICI limited. In 1998 she was promoted as the general managerentrusted with handling relationship with ICICI’s top 200 clients.

In 2000, she took on the challenge of building technology, innovation,process, reengineering and expansion of distribution and sale.

Ms. Chanda Kochhar feels that the Indian economy would continue tocome and lend well prepared to leverage from the potential growthopportunities. From 2007 to 09 she was the Joint Managing Director and ChiefExecutive Officer during a critical period of rapid change in the globalfinancial landscape. In addition to her responsibilities at the ICICI Group, Ms.Chanda Kochhar is a member of India- Japan Business leaders forum and the

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US- India forum.

Ms. Chanda Kochhar is also the deputy chairperson of the IndianBank’s association. She was also co-chair of world economic Forum’s AnnualMeeting in 2011. Ms. chanda kochhar was conferred as an honorary Doctorateof laws by Carleton University Canada in 2014.

The 54 year old bank chief Chanda Kochhar in recent years has won afew awards. Chanda Kochhar is widely recognized for her role in shaping theretail banking sector in India and her leadership in the ICICI group as well asher contribution to various forums in India. She was conferred with thePadma Bhushan one of the highest civilian honors in 2011. Chanda Kochharwon the gold medal for cost accountancy.

Ms. Chanda Kochhar, MD and CEO, is one of the recipient from India,for the 4th Asian Corporate Director Recognition Awards 2013. She alsoreceived ‘the Transformation Leader Award’ by Non Profit BusinessLeadership Awards 2012.

We feel very proud because she is only Indian to be featured in theDaw Jones list of the Most Influential Female executive in the world of the lastdecade. she is ranked 12th in the global list.

Ms. Chanda kochhar always says:

‘‘Don’t Give up on something

Just because of you

you think you can’t do it.’’

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5. Contribution of Women to Botony

Sneha V. Shinde, B.Sc. T.Y.

History reveals that women enjoyed a privilege position in ancientIndia. We feel proud of the social order and culture that recognized women’sworth and accorded respect to them. It was held that there live gods wherewomen are respected.

Women’s participation in the struggle for India’s Independenceushered in a new age and bright future for a new chapter in the history ofwomen. The constitution of India granted them full equality. Women startedparticipating freely in the political, economic, social and cultural life of thenation. Free India had women cabinet ministers, scientists and engineers,policy. A time came when India had her woman Prime Minister as well.

The government has also taken substantial steps to give women a fairdeal Hindu code Bill and Hindu Succession Act conferred on women the righton parental property and a complete right to enforce.

Modern women, symbols of the gallant reassertion of Indianwomanhood more and more women, are taking up jobs in offices. We havewomen who compete with men in All India services. Women areacademically better & socially more active.

Women have gone ahead in the every field of science and technology.They give new terms and concepts in science by doing research. Many of thewomen get Nobel Prize for their work. Barbara Mcclintock (1983) got Nobleprize in physiology and medicine. She received her Ph.D. in Botany fromCornell University in 1927, where she began her long career in MaizeCytogenetic. Her research focused on Chromosomal changes in maize duringreproduction. She created the first genetic map of corn, and was the first tolink its chromosome to it physical traits; she also was the first to demonstratethat the telemark & centromere are important for conserving geneticinformation.

‘ I Call her Strong, Smart, Sensual, caring,

giving, surviving tolerant and powerful.

I Call her women’

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6. Women Empowerment : As Assessment

Sneha D. Ghansawant, B.Sc. T.Y.Woman by no means is inferior to man in any respect & can perform all

functions equally well or perhaps even better.‘‘We can’t all succeed if half of we are held back’’ Malala Yousaf zai.There is no denying the fact that women in India have made a

considerable progress in almost seven decades of Independence, but they stillhave to struggle against many handicaps social evils in the male- dominatedsociety. It’s positioned at 129th rank among 146 countries across the globle onthe basis of Gender inequality Index.

Now-a-days women empowerment is a prime goal, it means grantingwomen the freedom to make life choices. A woman is being with the senses,imagination and thoughts. She should be able to express freely. For thatpromotion of the gender equality is a need. It implies a society in whichwomen and men enjoy the same opportunities, outcomes, rights andobligations in all sphere of life.

With all such difficulties woman power is being expressed today. theyare superior to men in any field of job. Women got a position in society. SwamiVivekananda, one of the greatest sons of India, quoted that

‘‘There is no chance for the welfare of the worldUnless the condition of women is improved.Its impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.’’Today’s woman knows how to express herself in the various fileds.

They are getting prizes for their work in science, commerce and Arts. As weknow that the Nobel prize is a valuable one, someone getting it for their Nobelwork. In the list of Nobel laureates we can see so many women who show theirtalent in various directions. They make pride for all the women. These womenare lly a lilich Metchnikoff who worked on bacteria a, but women like AliceEvans had worked on bacterial identification .

Again Ruth Moore and Margaret Pittman researched on thetuberculosis bacterium and another one identified the cause of whoopingcough, which leds the development of vaccine. Those researchers got NobelPrizes. Not only in science but also as a peace Nobel Prize recently given toMalala. Again in education also girls are becoming superior to men. In sportsas well as art women are enhancing those work and getting honor in such afield.

In India with the dawn of independence the picture turned brighter.Now women flapping her wings to get higher position in society.

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7. Women and Chemistry : A Review

Supriya Joshi, B.Sc., T.Y.

“Never underestimate the

power of a woman’’

Woman is the word refreshing or seen as a weaker than male but this islike the mitochondria power house of the family or society.

Women may have a way to go, but their ability to be flexible in howthey behave is leading to some extraordinary result. Woman plays variousroles in her life.

she is bacon of peaceshe is a light to sacrificeshe waved as sea,she raised as tsunamiand thrown her thoughtsout to the work

She can do everything she plays various roles in her life not only thisbut also she can catch up to the Nobel Prize in any subject at any condition butshe can’t stop.

Nobel Prize was founded by Alfred Bernard Nobel, Who was aSwidish, chemist, engineer and industrialist, he has life long interest in thefields of physics, chemistry, physiology and literature. The first distributionof the prizes took place on Dec. 10, 1901 fifth anniversary of Nobel’s death.

It is also the Nobel Prize that has the highest percentage of femalewinners as compared to men In 1905 Von Stunner become the first femalerecipient of the award. In chemistry 46 women won the Nobel Prize.

Madame Marie curie, famously snagged two Nobel Prizes for physicsand chemistry after discovering radium and polonium. This is the veryimportant element gift from the Marie curie to the world.

The second woman to win a Nobel was Irne Curie for their discoveryof ‘‘artificial radioactivity’’ which they achieved by bombarding boron,aluminum and magnesium with alpha particles to create radioactive isotopes.

She shared this Nobel Prize with her husband Joliot, Many peopleused to name my parents Joliot-cauri but they signed their scientific papersIrene-curie & Federic Joliot.

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Germy Cory (1947)

Cori studied carbohydrate metabolism a speciality largely driven byGerty’s father a diabetic who asked her to find cure for his disease in 1929. Heproposed ‘the cori cycle’ a hypothetical model of how the body uses chemicalreaction to break down carbohydrate. In 1947 Grety Cori was awarded theNobel in physiology or medicine, making Grety Cori the first woman to holdthe honor.

Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) at the age of 18, began studying chemistry atOxford college. She first took an interest in x-ray crystallography and beganstudy the structure of proteins. She also discovered the three-dimonsionalstructures of many biomolecule using x-ray crystallography. She confirmedthe structure of penicillin in 1949.

Her work on mapping vitamin b12 earned her the Nobel Prize inchemistry in 1967.

Ada E. Yonath (2009) grew up in Jerusalem with limited means despite herfamily poverty. In her school life she couldn't afford tuition she gave mathlesson to other student.

Yonath pioneered Cori bicrystallography uses to study microbe,ribosomes and their mechanism. Today this technique is thought as standardtechnique in biology thanks to her work, we know how many antibioticswork, why some bacteria are Doug resistant. for her work on proteinbiosynthesis and peptide bond formation earned Nobel Prize, 2009. These allabove women are the stars of chemistry, there were many names in chemistry.

We know that women understand all the problems of running a home.It will be nearer to understanding the problems of running a country.

‘‘Just watch, all of you men,I’ll show you what a women can do..I’ll go across the country,I’ll race to the moon..I’ll never look back’’

‘‘so don’t underestimate the power of women’’.

Lastly I want to say that please respect women they have energy tochange the world within us.

‘‘ There are only three things to be done with a woman. You can love orturn her into a literature.’’

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8. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT : A Note

Phisphise Pooja E., B.Sc.T.Y.

In today’s society women do not have a very prominent role as theirmale counterparts. It seems as if men are looked upon as born leaders whoshould hold power they look strong and confident. People feel safe that maleswill lead them in a strong, protective way. Women are looked at verydifferently. People see them as weak in heart and afraid of doing things in aforceful manner.

What does it mean when some one rules in a successful or effectivemanner ? When a ruler runs his or her empire successfully it means thatthroughout his or her rein as king or queen everything runs smoothly. Thismeans that no one would try to over throw him or her. Effective is verydifferent from successful.

Women do have a harder time with keeping power. They have to beextreme with their actions and do whatever it takes. We see this in Irene’s andWu Zhao’s case. Wu was very extreme and deliberate in her actions. She wasruthless. She made see that noon would stand in her way when it came downto her power. She would have people killed and tortured just to keep herselfwhere she was. She would have her own family members tortured so that thepower would never, leave from her. Irene acted a little differently. She wasvery convincing. Irene was not always on top she had to work if she wanted tobe the leader. These women wanted and needed the power and it seemsthrough these readings that they would do anything in their pollution.

I think the reigns of these two women were different. Wu Zhao ran herempire of Women. Empowerment is very important so that it is makingwomen powerful so that they can take their own decisions regarding theirlives and well being in the family and society. It is their real right in the society.

Women in positions if power are women who hold an occupation thatgives them great authority, influence them with responsibility. Throughoutthe world, historically as well as politically, power has been distributedamong the sexes disparately. In more recent times women are holding moreand more powerful positions as gender equality increases due to policy andsocial reform. Accurate and proportional representation of women in socialsystem has been shown to be important. to long lasting success of the system.

A study shows that ‘absence is not merely a sign of disadvantage anddisenfranchisement but the exclusion of women from position of power also

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compounds gender stereotypes and retards the pace of equalization.

Almost 50% of the population means women. She is restricted bymany social taboos. In such conditions, we cannot say that our country wouldbe a developed country in the future without empowering the woman’s halfpopulation.

In developing communities around the world, girls have uniquechallenges in accessing education, staying healthy and breaking free ofpoverty- but they also provide hope for change more than any other group.The children work around the world. One thing transcends borders : Thepower of a girl to create positive change.

The lot of the girl child in developing countries, women and girls aretypically responsible for food preparation, care of animals, care of stick, cropirrigation, cleaning, etc.

The most Powerful Women In the World.

Lata Mangeshkar :

Lata Mangeshkar born to a classical singer, and theatre actor, startedacting in musical plays at the age of 5. who if famously known as the‘Nightingale of India’ with time became one of the most renowned singers ofIndia. She holds a record in the ‘ Guinness Book of World Record’ for havingmade the most recording in the world. She is the second vocalist to have everbeen awarded the Bharat Ratna, Which is India’s highest Civilian honor.

Rani Laksmi Bai :

Rani Laksmi Bai famously known as Rani of Jhansi is said to be one ofthe bravest leaders who fought for India’s Independence against the BritishRaj, she was the queen. She was the queen of the Maratha- ruled princely stateof Jhansi. and one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1957. SirHugh Rose who was the British Army field marshal asserted that Rani ofJhansi was ‘the most dangerous of all Indian leaders.’

Mary Kom :

Age-30 recently awarded the third highest civilian award the PadmaBhushan. Mary Kom has been a force to reckon with Indian sports. In acountry where not too many women are encouraged to take up sports MaryKom is a shining example of how women can achieve. Despite being a mothershe followed her passion for boxing and has today inspired thousands ofyoung girls to curve out their own success stories.

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Kiran Bedi :

Age-64 India’s first woman IPS officer Kiran Bedi has been known forher hard stance on social justice. She was a frontrunner in the recent ‘IndiaAgainst Corruption’ movement and never showed any sign of bowing downto political pressure in spite of four share of controversies.

Kalpana Chawla :

Kalpana Chawla was not only the first Indian American astronaut. Butshe was also the first Indian ‘woman’ in space. Chawla who died in the spaceshuttle ‘Columbia’ disaster encouraged many young women back in India tofollow her path and is said to be the idol of many young girls.

Mother Teresa :

Mother Teresa born as Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu was a Roman Catholicnun. She has founded 610 missions in 123 countries. She was awarded NobelPeace Prize in 1979.

Indra Nooyi :

Indian American business executive Indra Nooyi, she is the currentChairman and Chief Excutive officer of pepsico, Which is second largest foodand beverage business in world by net revenue.

Indra Nooyi is on 4th position on the Forbes magazine’s annualSurevey of 100 most powerful women in the world.

Nirupama Rao :

Age 63 She was the first woman full-term foreign secretary in India’shistory apart from this she was the first female spokes person of the Ministryof External Affairs.

Chanda Kochchar :

Age 52 she heads India’s largest private bank ICICI.

Borkha Dutt :

Borkha Dutt’s journalistic achievements are quite well known toeveryone.

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9. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA

Kachole Ashwini Manikrao, B.A.F.Y

If women are expected to do the same work as men, we must teachthem the same things- Plato.

The worth of a civilization can be very correctly assessed from thestatus that bestows on its women. Ascribing an honored place to women in thesociety has been one among the several aspects that justify the enormity ofIndia’s ancient culture. Swami Vivekananda aptly said: ‘The bestthermometer to the progress of nation is its treatment of women’. Down thelane of history of human development the involvement of women has been asardent as that of men. According to the ancient Hindu scriptures, everyreligious or social cexmony was considered incomplete without theirappropriate participation which speaks volumes about the enormous dignitythat women of the society enjoyed in the ancient times. However, during theMuslim period of history, they were deprived of their rights of equality withmen, But, in the wake of Raja Rammohan Roy’s movement against women’ssubjugation to men and the British influence on Indian culture andcivilization, women found a possibility for the revival of equality. Moreover,the keen initiative for the reassertion of equality with men was taken up underthe enlightened Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In response to the call ofGandhi, they took a massive participation hand in hand with theircounterparts for stirring forward the struggle for freedom of our country.There is no denying the fact that women have made a considerable progresssince then.

Enormous initiatives have been taken up worldwide to uplift thedowntrodden women of our country and let them enjoy all the privilege thattheir equivalents enjoy. However, they have not yet arrived on a par with therest of the society in true sense of the spirit due to varied failure with regard toimplementation. UNDP has been taking the initiative to consider womensempowerment as an issue of immense decision and contemplation over thelast few decades. UN’S support for the rights of women began with thefoundation of organization.

Gender equality and womens empowerment have been crucial toUNDP’S strategy for achieving the millennium development goals. As theinternational feminist movement began to gain momentum during 1975, thegeneral year and organised the 1975s as the international womens year and

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organised the first world conference on women, held in Mexico city. After thedeliberation of the conference it subsequently declared the years 1976-1985 asthe UN decade for women and established a voluntary fund for the decade theadoption of the conversion on the women explicitly defines discriminationagainst women and sets up an agenda to eradicate such discrimination at thenational level. Women conference in 1985 at Nairobi, which defines it asredistribution of social power and control of resources in favor of women. TheUN system has continued to impart exclusive attention to the issue of violenceagainst women, it has been an imperative concern on a global scale to enhancethe dignity of women.

The issue of gender equality has been enshrined in the Indianconstitution in its preamble, fundamental rights, fundamental duties anddirective principles also. The constitution not only grants equality to women,but also empowers the state to adopt measures of positive discrimination infavor of women Empowerment in a multi-dimensional process which enableswomen to realize their identity and power in all spheres of life. Liberation ofwomen revolves around focusing augmentation of their cognitive,psychological, political, economic and physical facets for their wholesomedevelopment. Mr. Kofi Annan once rightly said. There is no tool fordevelopment of women. Emancipation of women aims at building them morealert individuals, who are politically active, economically productive andindependent and are competent to hit upon intelligent solution in matters thatconcern them.

They should be in a position to comprehend the circumstances. This isan agenda which has been on top of the lists of most government plans andprograms as well. Efforts have been made on a regular basis across nations toaddress this issue and enhance the soacio-economic status of women.Eradication of discrimination against womens participation in the area ofaccess to food, equal wages, property rights, family resources, freedom ofmovement and travel access to credit control over saving, earnings and theirmaintenance has been a part of the agenda.

Gender sensitization has been a key concern in school, colleges andother professional institutions for bringing about institutional changes. Thereis a necessity to develop health management, and health package at all levels.An attempt to lessen the prevalence of dowry system, illiteracy, sexualharassment, female infanticide, domestic violence against women,prostitution, illegal trafficking is another important parameter in taking astride ahead in uplifting the status of women.

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For more government initiatives, that have been taken up for restoringthe solemnity of the women, include schemes of National scheduled TradesFinance and Development Corporation, Integrated Child DevelopmentScheme, National Rural Health Mission, Jamani Suraksha Yojana,Rehabilitation and Reintegration, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and many more.Further, the Ministry of Women and Child Development has undertakengender Budgeting as a tool for ensuring the adequate budgetarycommitments made for women of the nation. The present government ofIndia has programme of ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’, and Sukanya SamrudhiAccount in a bid to encourage birth and education of girls and tackleabysmally law child sex ratio of girls for 1000 boys.

Women of our country have come forward to prove their worth inspheres ranging from literature, politics, sports, science to space and manymore. Sometimes, we take enormous pride to discuss the social activist ofManipur, Mrs. Irom C. Sharmila, who holds the record for the longest hungerstrike for over a decade as a civil rights activist demanding the repeal of theAFSPA in spite of her deteriorating body condition which signifies herenormous determination. Similarly, Ms. Medha Patkar has an undeniablyeminent contribution to the country as a social activist and reformer. Manymore accomplished women writers, journalists, politician have excelled inbringing about affirmative changes in the country through strong criticismand action.

As there are two sides to the same coin, any system has got pros andcons. Though we have been able to devise a lot many strategies to achieve ourmission of empowering women of our nation, we regard to women’sEmpowerment and gender equality reflected through many indicators. Indiahas performed poorly in removing gender based disparities, ranking 114 outof 142 countries in world Economic forum 2014 gender gap index, scoringbelow average on parameters like economic participation, educationalattainment and health and survival.

Again, Let us take into consideration the womens Reservation Bill. Itintends for consideration thirty three percent reservation to women definitelybe a step further in changing the patriarchal mindsets and boost pro-womenlegislation. An increased representation of women in parliament will enhancethe self confidence of Indian women. However, it is still pending in the LokSabha which is a reflection on the shortcomings of our system of governance.Likewise, the loophole in our Judicial System to let Free the convicts in case ofheinous crimes against women like rape, Molestation and other forms of

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physical and psychological harassment in work and social sectors serves as amoral boosting for the criminals. So here comes the responsibility of everyIndian to strive forward to ensure the dignity of women and in turn, of thenation on a broader perspective.

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EMPOWERMENTOF

WOMENIN

INDIA

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&& 149 &&

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&& 151 &&

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&& 153 &&2015 _Üò S>m°. Ama.Eg. H$m§~io, S>m°. gw{Zb qeXo, S>m°. g§Vmof H$moëho d àm. ~~«wdmZ {~amXma`m§Zr AZoH$, {d{dY amï´>r` Am{U Am§Vaamï´>r` n[afXm§_Üò emoY{Z~§Y gmXa Ho$bo AmhoV.

3) OyZ 2012 nmgyZ amÁèmñÌ {d^mJm§VJ©V Xÿam{ejU {d^mJ Mmbdbm OmVmo. nXdr,nX²ì`wÎma d BVa H$mog©gmR>r d§{MV {dÚmÏ`mªZm A{Z`{_V àdoe {Xbm OmVmo. Xa a{ddmarË`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmVo `m {d^mJmMo g_Ýd`H$ åhUyZ S>m°. gw{Zb qe§Xo H$m_H$mO nmhVAmhoV.

4) {dÚmnrR> g§emoYZ _hmoËgdmV _hm{dÚmb`mVrb amÁèmñÌ {d^mJmMm eoIa Aï>rH$a `m{dÚmÏ`mªZo {Oëhm {d^mJ Am{U amÁ` ñVamda JwUmUwH«$_ {_idbm. _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`mamÁèmñÌ {d^mJ g§emoYZ H|$X«mMo Zmd Jm¡a{dbo Amho. gXa {dÚmWu àm. S>m°. gw{Zb qeXo`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr g§emoYZ H$arV Amho. ^maVmMo emgZ Am{U amOH$maU dAm§Vaamï´>r` g§~§Y hr XmoZ H«${_H$ nwñVHo$ àm.S>m°. gw{Zb qeXo Am{U àm. H$moëho `m§MràH$merV Pmbr AmhoV.

àm. S>m°. Ama. Eg. H$m§~ioamÁèmñÌ {d^mJ à_wI

gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJmMm Ahdmb

`wdH$ _hmoËgd

kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJmV\}$ _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m ñWmnZonmgwZ{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m gwßV H$bm JwUm§Zm `mo½` dmd XoÊ`mMo d Ë`m§À`m H$bm§Mm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mMo gmVË`mZoH$m`© Mmbw Amho.

gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJmV\}$ {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnë`m H$bm JwUm§Mm {dH$mg H$ê$Z doJdoJù`mgm§ñH¥${VH$ ñnY}V gh^mJ Zm|XdwZ Amnë`m KdKdrV èmMr na§nam H$m`_ R>odbr Amho. {deofV…

{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m `wdH$ _hmoËgdmV d A§Va{dÚmnrR>r` `wdH$ _hmoËgdmV {dÚmÏ`mªZr bmoH$Z¥Ë`,bmoH$JrV, bmdUr, ghZ¥Ë`, VmbdmÚ, am§Jmoir, dŠV¥Ëd, dmX{ddmX, BË`mXr ñnYm©_Üò gwdU© nXH$H$mñ`nXH$ nQ>H$mdbobr AmhoV.

e¡j{UH$ df} 2014-15 _Üò ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW© _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>Zm§XoS>A§VJ©V {XZm§H$27 Vo 30 gßQ>§o~a 2014 Xaå`mZ Pmboë`m ""gh`moJ 2014'' `m H|$Ðr` Am§Va _hm{dÚmb`rZ `wdH$_hmoËgdmV kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb`, naÛrÀ`m g§KmZo emñÌr` Vmb dmÚmV aOV nXH$ Am{U

&& 154 &&

Am§~oS>H$ar à~moYZmË_H$ Obgm `m ñnY}V H$m§ñ` nXH$ àmßV H$ê$Z _hm{dÚmb`mMr gm§ñH¥${VH$èmMr na§nam H$m`_ amIbr Amho. `m ñnY}V emo`~ImZ nR>mU (emñÌr` VmbdmÚ) Ë`mM~amo~aAm§~oS>H$ar Obgm àH$mamV bú_U {gVmn, Ho$Xma Jw§OH$a, ^m½`lr {gVmn, gw{_V Om§oYio, amhþZgmoZngmao, AmH$m§jm ZImVo, {demb Xoe_wI, gnZm haH$i, `m {dÚmÏ`mªZr gh^mJ Zm§oXdwZ_hm{dÚmb`À`m èmMr na§nam H$m`_ amIbr `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm _mJ©Xe©Z gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJ à_wIS>m°.AemoH$ Om|Yio, amhþb AneoQ>r, àm. ^mñH$a Jm`H$dmS>, ho H$aV AgVmV.

g§ñWoMo AÜ`j _m. _§Ìr A°S>. JUoeamd XþYJmdH$a, g{Md, S>m°. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJmdH$a,Am{U àmMm`© S>m°. àH$me _moao ho gmVË`mZo {dÚmÏ`mªZm àoaUm Am{U CËgmh XoÊ`mMo H$m`© H$aVmV.Á`m_wio gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJ hr VËnaVoZo Am{U VÝ_`VoZo {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m H$bm JwUm§Zm gmVË`mZoOnÝ`mMo d d¥pÜX¨dmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`} H$aVmo.

kmZmoËgd 2015

_hm{dÚmb`mMo dm{f©H$ ñZoh g§å_obZ kmZmoËgd 2015 ho \o$~«wdmar 2015 `m H$mimV g§nÞPmbo `m dm{f©H$ ñZoh g§å_obZmMo {deof AmH$f©U åhUOo à{gÕ _amR>r d qhXr {MÌnQ> H$bmd§VAemoH$ qeXo ho g§_obZmÀ`m g_mamonmV à_wI A{VWr åhUyZ bm^bo {gZo A{^ZoVo AemoH$ qeXo `m§Zr{gZo_mMo g§dmX gmXa Z H$aVm {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnë`m Am`wî`mV {_imboë`m g§YrMm \$m`Xm KoD$ZkmZmÀ`m {d{dY joÌm_Üò Amnbo H$[aAa KS>{dbo nm{hOo `m OJmV AeŠ` Ago H$mhrM ZmhrAmnë`mbm AmË_ {dœmg hm è IoMwZ AmUÊ`mMm EH$_od _mJ© Amho. `m dm{f©H$ ñZoh g§_obZmV{dÚmÏ`mªZr {d{dY H$bm àH$mamV gh^mJ Zm|XdyZ ñZoh g§_obZ èñdr Ho$bo.

27 OmZodmar 2015 amoOr dgw§Yam _hm{dÚmb` KmQ>Zm§Xþa òWo Pmboë`m _amR>dmS>m {d^mJr`dmX{ddmX ñnY}V Hw$. A§OZm n§T>arZmW ZmB©H$ hr {dÚmWuZr àW_ Ambr. _amR>dmS>m `wdmdŠVm `mñnY}V _hm{dÚmb`mMm {demb Xoe_wI hm àW_ Ambm. g§_obZmÀ`m CÓmQ>Z àg§Jr g§ñWoMo AÜ`jA°S>.JUoeamd XþYJmdH$a, d g{Md, S>m°. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJmdH$a, àmMm`© S>m°.àH$me _moao d gm§ñH¥${VH${d^mJ à_wI àm. S>m°. AemoH$ Om|Yio ho CnpñWV hmoVo.

àmo.S>m°. AemoH$ Om|Yiogm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJ à_wI

_amR>r {d^mJ

1) {dÚmÏ`mªMo ñdmJV g_ma§^ -àËòH$ dfm©à_mUo `mdfuhr ~r.E. d E_.E. àW_ dfm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªMm ñdmJVmMm H$m`©H«$_

Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m_Üò à_wI nmhþUo àm. S>m°. à^mH$a haH$i ga, AÜ`j àm. {Zboe bm|T>ohmoVo. VgoM `m H$m`©H«$_mV darð>dJm©Vrb {dÚmWu n§H$O gwJ§Yo, gwaoe {bOS>o d àH$me dmH$io `m§ZrAmnbr _ZmoJVo ì`ŠV Ho$br.

2) {deof {^ÎmrnÌH$mMo àH$meZ -^mbM§Ð Zo_mS>o gam§Zm {_imboë`m kmZnrR> nwañH$mam{Z{_Îm Ë`m§À`m EHy$U gm{hË`mMm

AmT>mdm KoUmao VgoM gXmZ§X _moao gam§Mr A{Ib ^maVr` _amR>r gm{hË` g§_obZ, Kw_mZÀ`mAÜ`jnXr {ZdS> Pmë`m~Ôb Aem EHy$U XmoZ {^ÎmrnÌH$mMo àH$meZ A°S>. Juoeamd XþYJmdH$a,àmMm`© S>m°. àH$me _moao `m§À`m hñVo H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mgmR>r H¡$bmg ^mboamd, JmoqdX EobHo$dmS>, amhþbOmYd, g_mYmZ MìhmU, g§Ü`m H$miXmVo `m {dÚmÏ`mªZr n[al_ KoVbo.

3) 15 Am°JñQ>2014 {Z{_Îm ñdmV§Í`_hmoËgdmMo Am`moOZ -~r.E. {ÛVr` dfm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªZr 15 Am°JñQ> {Z{_Îm H$m`©H«$_mMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo. `m

H$m`©H«$_mV {dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbo _ZmoJVo _m§S>br. Va àm. ~~«wdmZ {~amOXma d àm. JUoe _maodmS>`mZr_mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo.

4) {Z~§Y ñnY}Mo Am`moOZ -15 Am°JñQ>d 26 OmZodmar {Z{_Îm "ZmJ[aH$m§Mr _yb^wV H$V©ì`' `m {df`mda {Z~§Y ñnY}Mo

_hm{dÚmb`mVrb H${ZîR> d d[að> dJm©Vrb gd©M {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mMm~jrg {dVaU d g§{dYmZ {XZ _hmoËgd Aem XmoZ H$m`©H«$_mMo Am`moOZ 24 OmZodmar 2015 amoOrH$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr CnàmMm`© S>m°. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJmdH$a Va à_wI nmhþUoåhUyZ _w»` Ý`m`X§S>m{YH$mar Am. S>m°. ~r. JXio,Am. jragmJa, Ý`m. Eb.E_.gæ`X, VgoM S>m°. AZ§VamD$V, S>m°. B§Ð{OV ^mboamd `m§Zr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. `màg§Jr S>m°. AZ§V amD$V åhUmbo, ""g§{dYmZ {XZhmM Iam amï´>r` gZ hmo`.'' Va S>m°. g§Ü`mVmB© XþYJmdH$a `m§Zr KQ>ZoVrb _yëò Amnë`m OrdZmV,AmMaUmV AmUyZ {dÚmÏ`mªZr amï´>KS>dmdo Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo.

5) H¡$. àmMm`© am_Xmg S>m§Jo {deof A§H$mMo àH$meZ-H¡$. àmMm`© am_Xmg S>m§Jo `m§À`m OrdZmMm d H$m`m©Mm n[aM` H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r Am»`mZmMo

Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`màg§Jr kmZmo~m _w§T>o `m§Zr S>m§Jo gam§À`m OrdZmMm n[aM` d H$m`m©Mm

&& 155 &&

n[aM` H$ê$Z {Xbm. `màg§Jr àm. B§Ð{OV ^mboamd, àm. à^mH$a haH$i, àm. {Zboe bm|T>o, àm. JUoe_[admS>, àm. g§Vmof H$m§~io, àm. gwaoe nmado, àm. ^mdZm XþYJmdH$a, àm. A{Zb ~S>JwOa CnpñWVhmoVo. VgoM `m H$m`©H«$_mV H¡$. am_Xmg S>m§Jo `m§À`mdarb {deof A§H$mMo àH$meZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.`mgmR>r _Ywam _hmH$mi, gwa^r _ñHo$d E_.E. {ÛVr` dfm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªZr n[al_ KoVbo.

6) {Zamon g_ma§^ -~r.E. V¥Vr` df© d E_.E. {ÛVr` dfm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`m©Mm {Zamon g_ma§^mMo Am`moOZ {X. 31 _mM©

2015 amoOr H$aÊ`mV Ambo. à_wI nmhþUo gw{Zb Vwê$H$_mZo ga Va AÜ`jñWmZr àm. B§Ð{OV ^mboamdga hmoVo. `màg§Jr Vwê$H$_mZo ga åhUmbo, "kmZmonmgH$ _hm{dÚmb` ho H$bm, H«$sS>m, g§ñH¥$VrMo H§o$ÐAmho, òWo {dÚmÏ`mªda AmXemªMo g§ñH$ma Ho$bo OmVmV. ' Va ^mboamd ga åhUmbo, "g§Kf© d è `m§Mmn[anyU© Cn`moJ H$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm Amnbo ^{dî` KS>dmdo.' Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo.

7) _amR>r {d^mJmMr {deof CnbãYr -1) àm. B§Ð{OV ^mboamd, àm. {Zboe bm|T>o, àm. JUoe _maodmS>, àm. g§Vmof H$m§~io, àm.A{Zb ~S>JwOa

`m§Mo {d{dY amÁ`ñVar` d amï´>r` ñVamdarb MMm©gÌmV emoY{Z~§Y à[gÕ Pmbo d emoY{Z~§YmModmMZ Ho$bo.

2) _amR>r {d^mJmV J§«Wmb` gwê$ Ho$bo. `m§Mo H$m`© àm. g§Vmof H$m§~io `m§À`mH$S>o XoÊ`mV Ambo.3) _amR>r {d^mJmà_wI àm. B§Ð{OV ^mboamd gam§Zm {d{dY nwañH$ma àmßV.4) àm. {Zboe bm§oT>o `m§À`m goemoYZmMm à~§Y {dÚmnrR>mbm gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. Ë`m§Zm

bdH$aM nXdr {_iob. àm. JUoe _maodmS>`m§Mo g§emoYZmMo H$m`© nJ«VrnWmda Amho.5) {d^mJmÀ`m H${Zð> _hm{dÚmb`mV àm. gwaoe nmado, àm.^mdZm XþYJmdH$a Am{U àm. H${dVm

gnH$mi H$m`©aV AmhoV. VgoM darð>_hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m gd© CnH«$_mV Vo gh^mJr hmoVmV. {edm`ñdV§ÌnUo H$m`©H«$_mMohr Am`moOZ Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`mV amï´>r` gU, O`§Vr, nwÊ`{VWr Am{U{^ÎmrnÌH$m§Mo Am`moOZ Ho$bo OmVo. {edm` ñdmJV g_ma§^ Am{U {Zamon g_ma§^mMohr Am`moOZ Ho$boOmVo. àm. ^mdZm XþYJmdH$a d àm. gwaoe nmado ho doJdoJù`m gm_m{OV CnH«$_mV Zoh_rM gh^mJrAgVmV.

- àm. B§Ð{OV ^mboamd - àm. JUoe _maodmS>{d^mJ à_wI _amR>r {d^mJ

&& 156 &&

g_mOemó {d^mJ

_hm{dÚmb`mZo ñWmnZonmgwZM H$bm emIoA§VJ©V Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ d nXdrÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>rg_mOemó `m {df`mÀ`m g_mOemó {d^mJmMr ñdV§Ì {Z{_©Vr H$éZ AÜ``Z, AÜ`mnZmgmR>r gwé Ho$brAmho, BVHo$M Zìho Va 1994 gmbr nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH«$_mMr gwYm gwadmV _hm{dÚmb`mV H$aÊ`mV Ambr,Ë`mM ~amo~a g_mOemó {df`mMo gImob d g§emoYZmË_H$ AÜ``Z H$aVm `mdo åhUwZ g_mOemó {d^mJmMoñdV§Ì g§emoYZ H|$Ð gwÕm B. g. 2000 nmgwZ Mmbdbo OmVo, _hm{dÚmb`mVrb gd©M {dÚmemIm§À`m g§emoYZH|$ÐmMo g§emoYH$ g_Ýd`H$ åhUwZ g_mOemó {d^mJmMo {d^mJ à_wI S>m°. ìhr.Eb. gw`©d§er ho H$m`©^magm§^m^VmV d AË`§V {eñV~ÕnUo g§emoYZ H|$ÐmMo H$m`© Mmbw Amho. _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m g§emYZ H|$ÐmVwZAZoH$ {dÚmWu {dÚm dmMñnVr (nrEM.S>r.) nXdr KodwZ ~mhoa nS>bo AmhoV.

g_mOemó {d^mJmV nXdr d nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r EHw$U nmM AÜ`mnH$ H$m`©aV AmhoV VonwT>rb à_mUo S>m°. ìhr.Eb. gw`©d§er {d^mJ à_wI, àm. AmZ§X amD$V, àm. ^mñH$a Jm`H$dmS>, àm. g§Xrn bmoI§S>o,àm. Eg.Oo. amD$V

{d^mJmVrb gd©M àmÜ`mnH$ dJ© A{Vf` H$V©ì`XjnUo {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m gdmª{JZ {dH$mgmÀ`mÑï>rH$moUmVwZ H$m`© VËna Amho, EH$ g_mO{eb, H$V©ì`{Zï> d g§doXZ{eb ZmJarH$ KS>dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo{d^mJmÀ`m dVrZo MMm©gÌo, e¡j{UH$ ghbr d {dÚmÏ`mª_Yo gwßV AdñWoV Agbobr à{V^m g_mOmg_moa `mdrd Ë`m§À`mVbr boIZe¡br {dH$grV ìhmdr g_mOmV ^modVmbr KS>Umè`m KQ>Zm§Mo Ë`m§Zr gwú_ AdbmoH$ZH$amdo åhUyZ àVoH$ e¡j{UH$ dfm©V {^Îmr nÌH$mMo àH$meZ {d^mJmÀ`m dÎmrZo Ho$bo OmVo. e¡j{UH$ df© 2015-16 _Yo ñdmV§Í`{XZm{Z_rÎm VgoM 17 gßQ>|~a {dÚmnrR> dYm©nZ{XZ d _amR>dmS>m _wŠVr g§J«m_ {XZm{Z{_ÎmnXdr d nXì`wÎma {d^mJmV\}$ {^Îmr nÌH$mMo AZmdaU H$aUmV Ambo Amho. AZwH«$_o [^ÎmrnÌH$mMo {ef©H$ nwT>rbà_mUo AmhoV.1. ^maVr` ñdmV§Í`mMr 68 df}2. kmZmonmgZm Cƒ {ejUmMr3. _amR>dmS>m _wŠVr g§J«m_ {XZ {deofm§H$

gXarb {^ÎmrnÌH$m§_Üò {dbmg H$ZHw$Q>o, lrYa B§Jmobo, C_oe Jm`H$dmS>, H¥$îUm ndma, hþ_oam ~oJ_,gmarH$m OmYd, {_am gmoZdZo (~r.E. V¥Vr` df©), ^mJdV _moao, àmMr Y~mbo, gmoZr Y~mbo, A_mob {eH}$, H¥$Vr\w$bnJma, A_mob n¡R>Uo, g§O` H$X_, AmZ§Xm B§Jmobo, _{Zfm I§Xmao, AídrZr Mm¡Yr (~r.E. àW_ df©) `m{dÚmÏ`mªZr Amnbo {dMma H$drVm d boI {bhþZ _m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.

{^Îm nÌH$mMo _w»` g§nmXH$ àmMm`© S>m°. àH$me _moao Cng§nmXH$ àm. S>m°. ìhr.Eb. gw`©d§er `m§Zr Ho$bo{^ÎmrnÌH$mMo aoImQ>Z, {dZmoX T>mobo, H¥$îUm ndma, Zaoe Q>moZno, AmH$me aÝhoa, kmZoída H$X_, ZmamÙ T>H$Zo,àmMr Y~mbo d ^mJdV _moao `m {dÚmÏ`mªZr Ho$bo d {dÚmÏ`mªZm `m H$m`m©gmR>r àm. ^mñH$a Jm`H$dmS>, àm. AmZ§XamD$V, àm. g§Xrn bmoI§S>o, àm. gwf_m amD$V `m§Zr _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo.

- àm. S>m°. ìhr.Eb. gw`©d§er,{d^mJ à_wI g_mOemó {d^mJ

&& 157 &&

&& 158 &&Department of English

The department of English facilitates a number of activities to enrichthe students with knowledge of language and literature the dept has diverserang of activities as follows :

1) Assignments are given to the students of UG and PG.

2) Classroom Seminars are conducted at certain intervals.

3) Coc in Spoken English is being conducted.

4) Remedial Course as well as Bridge Course is also facilitated.

5) Literary and Training Programers are organized.

6) Departmental Library Facility is made available for a few students.

7) Problem- based project work is get done from the students of PG.

8) Occasionally, Wall- Posters are prepared by the students under the

guidance of teaching faculty.

9) NST\NET Coaching facility is also provided to the students of PG from

the last academic year.

10) Competency Building Cell is run by the dept. It imparts the various skills

of language and through practice competency is attained.

Dr. A. S. Gangane

Head, Dept. of English

Activities in the Department of Computer Science

� Department of computer science organized a Linux Workshop jointlywith IIT Bombay on 12-13 February 2015. Many students from thedepartment participated in the workshop. Faculty members ofdepartment has taken efforts for organization of the workshop.

� Department of Computer science also organized a 2 days' workshopon Android on 27-28 February 2015.It was jointly organized with IITDelhi. Students of the department participated in this workshop.

� Department of computer science organized a Digital India Workshopon 5 August 2015. Many students of computer as well as non-computer subject participated in this workshop. Poster competition &Debate Competition was organized as a part of workshop.

� In the next session, expert talks was organized in which Dr. Md. Babar,Dr. S.C. Aithal, Dr. A.E. Jadhav and Mr. A.A. Jinturkar delivered theirtalk before the students related to Digital India.

� In the Last Session, winners of Poster and Debate Competition hasbeen given prize by Principal Dr. P.L. More and Vice-Principal Dr.Sow. S.G. Dudhgaonkar.

� On occasion of teachers Day, students of department of computerscience organized a small program in honour of their teachers. Lastyear students given demo lectures on first year classes. In the nextsession, Dr. P.L. More and Dr. P.B. Khanale delivered speech on“Teachers day”.

Prof. Dr. P.B. Khanale

HOD, Computer Science

&& 159 &&

Activities in the Department of Geology

� The department of geology has carried out the following activitiesin the Academic year 2014-15

1) Geology Student ForumGeology Students Association is rename as the GEOLOGYSTUDENT FORUM from this Year.The activities of the forum provide the academic platform to thestudents. nder this forum students carried out the some activitiesUwhich are highlighted as follows.

2) Publication of Wall Magazine-On the occasion of Independence Day, Marathwada MuktiSangram and University foundation Day as well as Republic Daystudents use to publish the Wall Magazine. The topics are not onlysubjected related but it is use for all faculty students and forcomparative examinations.In this year the issues werea) Five Biggest Dam in India (Independence Day)b) Mineral Wealth of India ( Republic Day )

3) Knowledge shearing programme.On every Saturday the members from the B.Sc. I,II,III are gatheredin the department at 3.00pm. Some students share their knowledgeabout some Histological /geological Monuments.Some of the audio/Video recordings of Dr. Shivajirao Bhosle,Chandrasekhar Dharmadhikari, Shri Vishvas Nangre Patil etc..

4) Teachers Day- On the occasion of teachers day,05 September 2014,Students organized one programmed through Geology StudentForum to felicitate the teachers

5) Audio Visual Programme for XII Science Students—To give the visual Information about the Geology and to create theinterest in subject we arranged the audiovisual programme. The In

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charge if this cell Miss Jadhav S. I. provides the theoreticalinformation to the student

6) Geological Field Work-Study of Geology is incomplete without Field work. With this viewdepartment organized the field work of B.Sc. Students at variousgeological places in and around the Nanded districts to know theregional geologyIn this fieldwork we visited the most important geological Placeslike SAHASTRAKUND, UNKESHWAR and MAHUR GHATSECTION in Nanded District, on 17 March, 2015

7) Field Survey- Faculties are always always engaged to improve thefield knowledge of the students and use of various equipment likeResistivity Meter, Magnetometer, Brunton Compass as well asClinometers in the field.

8) Extension Activity -Considering the scarcity of waterin the regionthe faculty is engaged in creating the awareness in the society forWater conservation, water reuse and rain water harvesting. In thisregards we celebrate the world water day at Vasantrao NaikMarathwada Krushi Vidyapeeth Parbhani.

Prof. Dr. Ravindra MuleHODDept. of Geology

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REPORT ON DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT

Dnyanopasak Shikshan Mandal, Parbhani took revolutionarydecision to introduce college of Arts, Commerce & Science, Parbhani in June1984 under the visionary leadership of Honorable Advocate GaneshraoDudhgaonkar, Ex. MP, Ex. State Minister Government of MS and the founderpresident of DS Mandal, Parbhani offering higher education facilities for thestudents having rural background in particular onsuring & overall academicdevelopment of the district. The department of commerce & management ofthis college is linked with premier training center in Maharashtra like MCEDin the process of making available budding entrepreneurs and Skilled &Trained manpower to industry sector. On the same line, the Department ofCommerce & Management conducted the student centered activities &programmes with the strong support of the management of DS Mandal PBN,since the day of inception.

Following are the major activities & programmes conducted in thedepartment in 2015-16 in the benefit of students, from commerce faculty inparticular & all the faculty students in general.

Short Term Course on Entre prenentship Development

l. FDP (Senior College Teacher) : 01-07-15 to 10-07-15 with the collaborationof MCED, Aurangabad & SRTMU Nanded

2. Population Day :11-07-2015

3. Bank Nationalization Day & wall- poster publication :19-07-2015

4. A Five Day Bridge Course :27-07-15 to 31-07- 2015

5. Financial Awareness Programme with the active participation of SBI,IDBI & Lead Bank : 03 - 08 - 2015

6. Essay Writing Competition : 12-08-2015

7. Wall Poster Publication on 15-08-2015 : Ten

8. Guest Lecture - S.P. Chitade - on personality Development : 20 - 08 -2015

9. S. Farhana B.Com. II ranked II in Poster Presentation Competition, atDistrict Level : 25-08-2015

10. Welcome Programme :26-08-2015

11. GK Exam conducted on :31-08-2015

12. Teachers Day organized by B.Com. F.Y. Students : 05-09-2015

13. CD show 'The Secret': 19-09-2015 (For BA, B.Sc. & B.Com. Students)

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14. A Eleven Day IBPS Exam preparation programme:22-09-2015 to 2-10-2015

15. District Level Avishkar Research Competition - 2016 MahilaMahavidyalaya, Parbhani : 03-10-2015

- UG - Dhiraj Patel- B.Com. F.Y. participated & Ranked Second

- PG-Aarti Harkal & Kanchan Awchate-M.Com.F.Y. Participated & Ranked I

16. Industrial Visit Auto cluster - Aurangabad on 07-10-2015

17. Career Guidance ICSI - New Delhi : 14-10-2015

18. Guest Lecture on career Development :Dr. S.B. Pawar on 01-01-2016

19. University Level Avishkar Research competition 03-01 -2016 at NutanMahavidyalaya Sailu, Dist. Parbhani

- Participated : UG - Dhiraj Patel B.Com., F.Y. Ranked Second

PG - Aarti Harkal & Kanchan Awchate -M.Com. F.Y. Ranked Second

And represented SRTMU, Nanded in State Level Avishkar Competition atSavitribai Phule University of Pune on 2016, 9-12 Jan

20. DSMPCTSE -2016 : 22-02-2016

21. Commerce Role play Day : 03-03-2016

22. State Level PPT Competition : 29-02-2016

23. Commerce Forum : 25-03-2016

24. Industrial Visit Hyderabad on 27 -03-2016

One Teacher one Skill Programme is effectively conducted for BA, B.Com.& B.Sc. I year students by the coordinator - Dr. P.Y.Harkal with kindsupport & active involvement of Mr. Sameer Dudhgaonkar - vicePresident of MACCIA, Mumbai & their team; enhancing employability ofthe students.

25. Santnu Pedgaonkar, Passed National Level and admitted for PGDM inNational Institute of Security Management (NISM) Haryana 2015-16.

Faculty Members : -

Prof. Dr. M.N. Sondge, Dr. P.Y. Harkal, Dr. A.H. Shrirame, Mr. H.A.Shinde, Miss. H.M. Ambhure, Dr. V. M. Raut, Dr. P. B. Navghare,Dr. B.G. Jondhale are contributing intensive efforts for the academicenrichment of students from commerce faculty.

Prof. Dr. M. N. Sondge

HOD

Dept. of Commerce & Management

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Documents

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