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DSTO
A Proposed Reference Model A Proposed Reference Model Framework for Applying Framework for Applying
Computer-Based Visualisation in Computer-Based Visualisation in C3IC3I
TTCPTTCP C3I Group C3I Group
AGVisAGVis
Dr Rudi Vernik (DSTO Australia)
DSTO
OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline
Introduction/Acknowledgments Set Context for C3I Highlight Problems Needs for Reference Models (RMs) RM-Vis(C3I) Framework (Overview) Example - Asset Visualisation Tool Use of RM-Vis(C3I) Issues and Directions Questions (Discussion)
DSTO
C3I ContextC3I ContextC3I ContextC3I Context Wide application of
visualisation in C3I
Visualisation is needed to describe a wide variety of aspects for a broad set of roles processes activities/functions/tasks.
What are some of the problems and issues associated with visualisation in the C3I domain?
C3I Visualisation ContextC3I Visualisation Context
CapabilityDevelopmentOperations
Logistics
Training
Personnel/Administration
Intelligence
Plans
Communications
Visualisation Solution
DSTO
Problems and IssuesProblems and IssuesProblems and IssuesProblems and Issues Limited understanding of what visualisation tools are available and
how they might be applied within a particular context of use. Poor understanding of the characteristics of particular visualisation
approaches. No guidelines of where Off-The-Shelf (OTS) approaches might be
applied. Limited understanding of where research and development should be
directed. No basis for the evaluation of approaches and tools. No basis for measuring the effectiveness of the visualisation solution
within a context of use. No basis for sharing of tools, components, ideas etc.
DSTO
RM-VisRM-VisRM-VisRM-Vis Several classifications/taxonomies
Example 1 – Schneiderman (tech Report 1996, Institute for Systems Research ISTR)
Example 2 - Robertson & De Ferari (Scientific Visualisation 1994) Example 3 - Ed Huai-sin Chi (Thesis 1999, classification based on
interaction ) Problem in that they focus on the characteristics of an visualisation approach
ie., from a tool approach, but do not consider the context of use. DefinitionDefinition
RM-Vis is a proposed Reference Model Framework for the development of Visualisation Reference Models which focus on the application of visualisation solutions within particular domain contexts eg, RM-Vis(C3I), RM-Vis(SE), RM-Vis(SW) etc.
DSTO
RMVis Framework (Overview)RMVis Framework (Overview)RMVis Framework (Overview)RMVis Framework (Overview)
People Assets Geography Environment Process
Viewpoint
Viewpoint
Viewpoint
Attributes Element
Link/Relationship
Element
Logistics
Planning
Situation Awareness
Capability Development
Force Deployment
ViewsWHO, WHERE, WHY
WHAT
HOW
DSTO
Enterprise Model Role-Function Models Process-Function-Task
Models
Domain ContextDomain ContextDomain ContextDomain Context The Domain Context is a model representing where particular visualisation
solutions will be applied. A domain context can be generated from existing enterprise models and tailored for
the particular application of the reference model (RM) The Domain Context can be tailored for particular needs eg,
based on roles and functions based on enterprise model
May becharacterised by
CapabilityDevelopmentOperations
Logistics
Training
Personnel/Administration
Intelligence
Plans
Communications
WhoWhereWhy
DSTO
People Assets Geography Environment Process
Type (F/A18, F1-11)Tail NumberMission (Scarmble, CAP, Interchange/Engage, RTB, Airborne, Killed)Flight SizeFuel RemainingCallsign
Fighter Aircraft
IDNameRankAvailability
Pilot
TypeWhen GivenWhere GivenWho Gave ItWhy GivenTo Whom GivenOrder AcknowledgeWhen Order Acknowledged
Order
TypeFuel Load CapacityFuel left
Refueling Aircraft
Type
Weapon System
Descriptive AspectsDescriptive AspectsDescriptive AspectsDescriptive Aspects Defines “WHAT” may be described within a particular
domain context A Descriptive Aspect (DA) is a model of what needs to be
described. A DA may be defined in terms of the attributes used to
describe the element and various relationships between elements and/or their attributes.
WHAT
DSTO
Visualisation ApproachVisualisation ApproachVisualisation ApproachVisualisation Approach
Defines “HOWHOW” a viewpoint will be mapped into an visualisation solution.
What are the characteristics for a Visualisation Approach? Visual Representation: refers to the techniques used in
transforming data-sets into visual forms. Enhancement: refers to the techniques used to enhance the
effectiveness of visual information. Interaction: refers to the techniques which allow a user or agent to
customise/tailor visual information to specific needs. Deployment: refers to those features which allow for the
provision/application of cost effective visualisation solutions.
How
DSTO
Visualisation ApproachVisualisation ApproachVisualisation ApproachVisualisation Approach
Graph
Chart
Scatter Plot
Glyph
Tree
Network
Point-Set
Dis
tort
i on
Imm
ers i
on
Tra
n spa
ren c
y
Ove
r lay
ZoomFocusPan
Selection
Info
rmat
ion
Acc
ess
Inte
llige
nt u
ser s
uppo
rt
How
DSTO
EffectivenessEffectivenessEffectivenessEffectiveness Effectiveness is considered in terms of the application of a
specific visualisation approach within a particular domain context and for a particular viewpoint.
Effectiveness criteria which may be considered include:
Understanding Communication Legibility (Scale) Meaningfulness Conciseness Completeness Precision
Flexibility Accuracy Consistency Customisation Adaptation Integration Accessibility
Cost Training Usability Reliability Interoperability Maintainability
DSTO
EffectivenessEffectivenessEffectivenessEffectiveness
Domain ContextWho, Where, Why
Descriptive AspectsWhat
Visualisation ApproachHow
Effectiveness
DSTO
Use of RM-Vis(C3I)Use of RM-Vis(C3I)Use of RM-Vis(C3I)Use of RM-Vis(C3I) Applications of RMVis
Mapping of Visualisation Tools to Area of Application Characterisation of Visualisation Tool Capabilities Characterisation of Comprehensive Visualisation Solutions Evaluation of Tools (within context of use) Identification of Common Approaches Identification of Research Opportunities
Visualisation Techniques/Approaches Effectiveness Criteria Classifications/Taxonomies New Tools (Comprehensive Solutions with a focus on Context of Use) Modelling Approaches Agents/Component-Based Support Tools
Specification of Component-Based Solutions