DT Task 4 Summary NotesP1.1 examines design theory and practice, and considers the factors affecting designing and producing in design projectsStudents learn about: Design theory and practice Range of design professions Nature of variety of work of a range of design professions Interaction and overlap of design professions Australian and international designers and their work Design process Design processes used in domestic, community, industrial and commercial settings from initial contact with clients to final presentation Factors affecting designing and producing including: Appropriateness of the design solution Needs FunctionThe action or use for which something has been designed AestheticsHow something looks, particularly how visually pleasing it is Finance Ergonomics Occupational, health and safety Quality Short-term and long-term environmental consequences Obsolescence Life-cycle analysisStudents learn to: Investigate at least one designer and the nature of their workJonathan Ive Studied Design at Newcastle Polytechnic in the UK Joined design consultancy group Tangerine Designed a range of products toilets, sinks, home furnishings Apple was one of his clients In 1992, he was offered a job at their Californian headquarters Aim of turning around their ailing design division Now Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Computer Inc. His team are behind design for: iMac series iBook series some generations of the PowerMac and PowerBook the eMac the Mac mini Xserve and Xserve RAID the iPod and iPhone family the AirPort base station series Apple Cinema Display Studio Displays Designs have generated millions of sales worldwide and accrued countless awards Opportunities in electronic product design are remarkable as you can be working on just one product that can instantly shatter an entire history or product types and implicated systems

Identify a range of career opportunities in design and productionArchitect balance of aesthetics and functionality needs to be in harmony. Needs to know all facets of building design from load bearing and concrete strength to toilet function and drainage. The whole package needs to be considered for a building to truly function.Fashion Designer fast-paced and ever changing, fashion is whatever a designer wants it to be. Fashion design is not a job for the conservative, as you need to look past what is here now and find what the look of the future will be.Furniture Designer/Maker producing new and exciting furniture that meets the need/opportunities and fashions of now and in the future. Incorporating new materials and techniques as well as relying on old tried and true methods will take the furniture maker into the future.Graphic Artist involves developing and producing graphical images for communication-based companies such as advertising agencies. Industrial Designer designing and realising functional machines and processes. Includes fields such as mining, food production, metals, building products and electronics.Interior Designer an eye for colour and detail is a must in this profession that moves with social trends and opinions. Web Designer producing interesting, functional and diverse internet pages while keeping pace with fast-moving technologies. Electrician design of installation is something an electrician undertakes before every job. This ranges from power loading and load balancing through to mood lighting and security services. Gardener landscape design and layout must take the many considerations of climate and position into account. The plans of ongoing care and layout need careful consideration.Retailer a shop owner needs to design shop layouts and merchandising as well as marketing and research. They need to think like a customer and design features that encourage purchases. This is an ongoing process and needs continuous evaluation.Advertising Creative a marketing function needs to be closely associated with all designs. The process of advertising a product, system or environment to the potential customer is important.Teacher the process of lesson design is crucial to a teachers work. Having already deigned a lesson plan it must be evaluated on an ongoing basis to ensure it is achieving the outcomes for which it is designed.Collaborate to work together with others on a project for a common goal Describe and analyse the processes undertaken when designing1. Identifying needs and opportunities The need/opportunity/problem that is to be addressed Forms the central part of thoughts and ideas Finding solutions to peoples needs2. The design brief Highlights problems to be solved or met Does not identify possible solutions Can be open-ended Can be a design proposal with specificationsSpecifications detailed instructions on how something should be done or produced create statements which clearly describes what is to be achieved brief should ensure clarity for designer and those working on the project should combine many details to create a brief statement or series of statements that covers all considerations guides designer on specific and achievable path3. The constraintsConstraints additional details that create boundaries and guide the project Time Team Materials Budget 4. Research/investigation Collecting information that considers all aspects of the problem magazines, books, catalogues, manufacturers information, past design ideas research must be ongoing during the design process investigation process looks at all the ways the project can be achieved5. Design specification Special features included into design consideration Consists of the concept, criteria and constraints to be considered when designing Design concepts are the design ideas, variations and the final design proposal Design criteria are related to the outcome (quality of outcome, user behaviour, user benefit, maintenance, safety, purpose, aesthetics, ergonomics)Criteria list of requirements and specificationsErgonomics science of designing machines, products and systems to maximise safety, comfort and efficiency of the people who use them and minimise harm or physical damage6. Design inspirationInspiration can come from magazines booklets, videos, personal experience and nature.7. Initial design ideas All ideas should be considered and documented, no matter how outrageous Detail at this stage need not be considered Quick sketches used to show design ideas8. Adaption of ideas Selecting ideas most promising for development Refinement includes form, addition of detail and clarification of how aspects go together Human, material, financial and equipment resources should be considered Resources can include peers, family, friends, teachers, internet, media, finance, technologies, personal skills Resources should be acknowledged during all work Successful designers test, reflect and evaluate constantly to improve their final solution Apply a design process when developing design projects Identify factors affecting design Needs Aesthetics Short-term and long-term environmental consequences Finance Ergonomics Life-cycle analysis Quality Occupational health and safety Obsolescence function Analyse design products Compare and contrast the factors to be considered in the design and production of design projectsThese concepts should not be looked at in isolation but as part of the overall process. Appraise the aesthetic and functional qualities of a variety of design products, systems and/or environments Environment total of surrounding things, conditions or influences; especially the combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence our growth, development and survivalP2.1 identifies design and production processes in domestic, community, industrial and commercial settings environment through the development of projectsStudents learn about: Design and production processes in domestic, community, industrial and commercial settings Technologies in industrial and commercial settings Students learn to: compare and contrast technologies and processes used in design projects to activities of design and production in industrial and commercial settingsDesign Process1. defining the problem or initial meeting with client2. creating initial ideas/concept board3. researching design ideas, genera and specific criteria4. experimenting with tools, techniques and materials5. developing production schedules6. refining ideas for the design solution7. conducting a life-cycle analysis8. feedback from client or target market9. finalising idea10. creating prototypes11. revising design12. finalising design13. production14. marketing15. final evaluation

Ongoing evaluation occurs throughout all stages in the design process. This is critical to the success of the design project. This allows the designer to reflect on their process and modify management, tools, materials and techniques according to successes and failures.

Domestic Setting small-scale one-off production home or small factory products sold at local markets or produced to meet specific client orders manufacturing techniques simple to keep low costs of production tools and machines simple and suited for domestic setting

Community Setting small community or interest group for common good of local people or interested parties in community not intent on making profit provide service or product for community employment

Industrial and Commercial Settings large-scale production of goods large number of people in production process variety of manufacturing techniques large scale machinery and tools products more economically viable to manufacture more funds at disposal sophisticated manufacturing processes

Technologies used in Design Processes research and data management: cameras, scanners, internet, Microsoft Word, Publisher communication: email, social websites, teleconferencing, video conferencing, phone, fax, mobile, DVDs, USB drives idea development: 3D-modelling, project management: software, project management tools, spreadsheets, databases marketing: media, TV, radio, print, internet

Technologies used in Production Processes Machinery efficiency and effective production Rapid prototyping using design in CAD, rapid prototyping scans sketches and produces a 3D prototype of the product based on measurements and coordinates, allowing designer to see product before being sent to production Computer Aided Design (CAD) AutoCAD, Google Sketchup enhance designers drawings and ideas and facilitate change-making process and save time spent on redrawing and modifying work. Produce more accurate drawings and allow less room for errorComputer Aided Design automated system for the design, drafting, and display of graphic information Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) controls movements of machinery, usually on assembly lines for swift and efficient productionComputer Aided Manufacturing computer program that makes manufacturing data from CAD drawings to automate the manufacture of a product by a computer controlled machine Computer Numerical Control (CNC) software controlling cutting machines in CAM using mathematical equations, pinpointing where a product needs to be cut, ensuring accuracyComputer Numeric Control computer controls machine tools for the purpose of repetitively manufacturing complex parts of a product

Benefits of using technology in designAction Plan a list of tasks to be completed as part of a project Communication Instant 24-hour contact between designers and clients, breaking down barriers and time Allows for collaborative work across many different continents, using human resources available to both designer and client Production of ideas more detailed and accurate in the drawing process Elaborate designs are easier to achieve with a wider range of materials and colours without having to redraw each design Ideas can also be shown in 3D and modifications made swiftly using CAD software reduce costly errors Research Communication technologies such as internet and email save time in searching for suppliers and materials Tools and materials can be purchased from the office allowing more time for productive work Marketing Modernised print and television marketing viral marketing using SMS and targeted email marketing using customer data and information about customer behaviour collected by tracking devices that monitor internet users Work environments Work from home Higher efficiency Shorter time between initial concept, client brief and time of productionEfficiency ratio of output or work done to energy used or input supplied

Benefits of using technology in production process CAD and Cam Error-free designs ready for production Accurate measurements, accurate tooling up Efficient methods of production Robots Rapid prototyping Faster and larger volume of production Increased profit Upskilling of workers

Negative Impacts of technology in design and production Initial set up technology is expensive small companies can be precluded from competing against larger corporations who have more funds at disposal Unskilled workers replaced with machinery social problems associated with unemployment can be crippling on individual or community dependent on income from unskilled labour High maintenance and repair costs of machinery equipment failure interferes with production and cause huge financial burdens for company Pollution caused by industries detrimental impact on the environment from large-scale use of non-renewable resources to power technologiesSustainable causing little or no damage to the environment or not using finite resources and therefore able to continue for a long time extended use of electronic communication can lead to social isolation

Summary design process covers the initial contact with a client or development of an idea through to final product the production process begins once the design idea is finalised Effective production must involve a schedule. A number of tools, techniques and production processes are used. Production settings are divided up into three sectors:1. Domestic setting small-scale or one-off production2. Community settings small community or interest groups developing a company/cooperative for the common good of the local people or interested parties within the local community3. Industrial settings large-scale production, using a large number of people in the production process and a variety of manufacturing techniques and machinery

P2.2 explains the impact of a range of design and technology activities on the individual, society and the environment through the development of projectsStudents learn about:Environmental and social issues including: personal values cultural beliefs sustainability safety and health community needs individual needs equity

Students learn to: assess the impact of the activities undertaken in the development of design projects on the individual, society and the environment evaluate examples of design and production and relate these to environmental and social issues The Impact of Activities undertaken in the Development of Design ProjectsEthics a system of accepted beliefs which control behaviour, especially one based on moralsConsiderations for the individual, society and the environment personal values cultural beliefs geography, climate, religion, history, traditional practices, cuisine, morals and laws multiculturalism sustainability without affecting resources of people in the future avoid use of finite natural resources effect of the disposal of products life-cycle analysis safety and health appropriate procedures, tools and techniques comply with WorkCover, Standards Australia and OHSAppropriate suitable for an occasion or useHazard anything that can potentially cause harm or loss community needs same location, needs, interests, facilities individual needs qualitative or quantitative research methods improve quality of life equity equal accessibility to the product, system or environmentSummary all products, systems and environments impact on the individual, society and the environment throughout the production and design stage factors such as personal values, cultural beliefs, sustainability, safety and health, community needs, individual needs and equity all impact the way in which a product, system or environment is designed and produced we must all work towards using ecologically friendly devices in the home, school and workplace industries must work towards reducing their impact on the environmentP6.2 evaluates and uses computer-based technologies in designing and producing Students learn about:Computer-based technologies and their application including: modelling research simulation and graphics communication presentationStudents learn to: Discriminate in the choice and use of computer-based technologies to develop, communicate and present design ideas and processes. Computer technology and designIt is the designer, not the computer, who is able to consider the impact of developments on the individual, society and environment.Computer-based technologiesDesigners are often heavily reliant on computer-based technologies as they allow them to work flexibly and efficiently. Computer technologies are used at every stage of a design process, from the initial research to the manufacturing of the final product, system or environment. Choose the most appropriate technologies that will enable to realise project in most creative and effective way Choice based on what is available Software ranges in function from the simplest word processing and graphics program to presentation and voice recognition software A computer is limited without external devices Scanners, printer, digital cameras, data projectors, production machines and video recorders make the computer an outstanding tool for presenting information related to the design processThe application of computer-based technologies Modelling 3D modelling which can be viewed from different angles CAD Develop design concepts in detail on screen as a real object with movement of the real product Testing without model-making 3D printing, rapid prototyping CAM Exact replicates produced3D Printing the building of physical models, directly from CAD data Research Gather statistics about a range of topics Examine the work of other designers Gather data about different materials Access databases and encyclopaedias Read the newspapers and current research articles Communicate with designers, producers and authors Use less traditional sources of information, such as blogs, forums and podcasts Find new and interesting information that adds to your research Simulation Informs decision making and improves quality of final product Representing key characteristics or features of a design Simulate environment in which product or system is used Provide a visual experience of the final design for clients and testing Test aesthetic and function Graphics Simulate and present designs Animation Communication ICTs Video-conferencing and Voice Over Internet Protocol Overcome distance and time Identity card readers, digital white boards, smart phones, laptops, notebooks Internet speed and broadband services Information sources Communicate through images, graphics, 3D examples, test pieces, samples Presentation Simplicity Illustrate one idea at a time Information that supports statements Experiment with layouts Proofread work Clear and easy to read fonts Contrasting colour fonts against background Avoid shades for background colour Test presentation before submitting Diagrams Quality photographs Video Less is moreSummary Similar in industry, students can complete their research, presentation ideas and production of plans with greater efficiency and to a higher standard than ever before by appropriately using computer technologies The use of CAD and computer modelling has enabled designers to easily identify more appropriate designs and allow designers to see their work as it would be in the colours and textures of the finished product at various stages in the design process Evaluate and describe processes you followed to the assessor