New Biofungicides for strawberry, apple and grape

Claude Dubois agr.Director Product Development & Technical Services

November 13th, 2014

Active ingredients

Biofungicide

• Citric acid and Lactic acid

• Garlic extract

• Potassium bicarbonate

•Fungicide and bactericide

•Liquid formulation

•Active ingredients: -Citric acid -Lactic acid

•No Delay before harvest - Reentry when dry

Fermentation products of Lactobacillus casei(souche LPT-111)

• Suppressed bacteria growth and have bactericidal activity;

• Antifungal effects on (powdery mildew)…..

Mode of action

•Conidia germination;•Germ tube formation and elongation;•Appressorium formation;•Hyphae branching and haustorium

formation.

Tivano is approved for organic agriculture by Ecocert CanadaAdditition of non ionic surfactant is recommended only if the product is not use in tank mixonly if the product is not use in tank mix

pH of the water should be below 6,5

Powdery mildew(Sphaerotheca macularisf.sp.fragariae)

Strawberryf.sp.fragariae)

Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas fragariae)

Angular leaf spot (xanthomonas fragariae)

Spring infection from:

�Debris, infected leaves�Symptomless infected plants/transplants�Symptomless infected plants/transplants

Inoculum exuded from underside of leaves under high moisture conditions

Limit overhead irrigation Well drained soil and good air circulation

Angular leaf spot (xanthomonas fragariae)

Photo by Michael A. Ellis; Copyright © 2011, The Ohio State University.

Powdery mildew (sphaerotheca macularis sp fragariae)

White mycelium on underside of leavesCause leaf edges to roll upRed to purplish discoloration on the upperside of leaves

High moisture is conducive High moisture is conducive

Susceptible variety require intensive scouting(Annapolis, Governor, Jewel, Startyme, Seascape, Veestar) Photo taken at:http://www.omafra.

gov.on.ca/IPM/french/strawberries/diseases-and-disorders/powdery-mildew.html

• Rate : 8 - 12 L/ha + botrytis fungicide

• Spray volume: 700 L/ha

Best use pattern

• Spray volume: 700 L/ha

• High pressure (200 PSI)

• Excellent leaf coverage

Field trial; Var Seascape

b

a

Within-column means sharing a same letter are not significantly different according to Tukey’s test with α=0.05

bb

b

Powdery mildew incidence; Var Seascape

Botrytis fungicide +

Botrytis fungicide +

Large commercial operation, 2014 trial

a

bc

cc

bcbc

Within-column means sharing a same letter are not significantly different according to Student test with α=0.05

Angular leaf spot severity; Var Seascape

12,0%

14,0%

16,0% Témoin

Tivano 8L/ha

ControlGroup 3 fungicide + Botrytis fungicide

+ Botrytis fungicide

0,0%

2,0%

4,0%

6,0%

8,0%

10,0%

12,0%

Large commercial operation, trial 2014

• Biofungicides

• Active ingredients: Garlic extract

• Liquid formulation• Liquid formulation

• Rate: 1,8%; 7 – 9 L/ha (max 18 L/ha)

• Reentry interval: when product is dry

• No Delay before harvest

Registered on

-Apple scab and pear scab; apple and pear-Apple scab and pear scab; apple and pear-Powdery mildew; grapes

Buran is allowed for organic agriculture by Ecocert Canada

Mode of action

C) Before treatment, the conidia are in chains and the mycelium develop abundantly on the leaf surface.

D) After treatment with Influence, the conidia and the mycelium are plasmolyzied and resemble empty shells.

© Université Laval

• Biofungicides

• Active ingredients: Potassium bicarbonate

• Wettable powder• Wettable powder

• Rate: 2,8 – 5,6 kg/ha

• Reentry interval: 4 hrs

• No Delay before harvest

Increases and buffers pH on leaf surfaces Detrimental to fungal spores

Increases osmotic stress and desiccates fungal

Mode of action

Increases osmotic stress and desiccates fungal spores

Inhibits growth by destabilizing and destroying cell membranes

Fungal mycelia

Mode of action

Powdery mildew spores

Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator)

Primary infection: ascospore discharge from cleistothecia with rain

Sensibility after bud break when T > 10 C°

Critical period: bloom to 4 weeks thereafterEntry point for botrytis and sour rot

Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator)

Secondairy infection from conidie; (one ascospore can produce hundred thousand of condies)

Cultural methods:Good pruning that allow good air circulation

Also help when conducting treatments…

Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator)

Figure taken from New York State Agriculture Experiment Station Grape IPM Diseases Identification Sheet No.2

Best use pattern:

-Use at 1,8% and tank mix with at(2,8 kg/ha)(2,8 kg/ha)

+

Incidence of powdery mildew; 7 DAT3

a

405060

d

bc

010203040

Témoin Buran Buran + Sirocco

%

* Within-column means sharing a same letter are not significantly different according to LSD test with α=0.05

Control

Severity of powdery mildew; 7 DAT3

a

25

30

35

c

bc%

0

5

10

15

20

Témoin Buran Buran + Sirocco

* Within-column means sharing a same letter are not significantly different according to LSD test with α=0.05

Control

Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006; Figure taken at http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-publications-and-resources/technical-factsheets/apple-scab-improving-understanding-for-better-management/?id=1234199585484

Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

Sanitation is very effective to reduce inoculum

-Shred leaves in autumn,-Shred leaves again in spring-Shred leaves again in spring(4 weeks before bud break)

Can reduce inoculum by as much as 95%

Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

Minimum Temperature for Infection Wetness duration (hrs) Temperature (°C)

41 130 321 515 712 97 14-156 16-24

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006; Table taken at http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-publications-and-resources/technical-factsheets/apple-scab-improving-understanding-for-better-management/?id=1234199585484

Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

Approximate Leaf Wetness Duration Required for Primary Infection at Different Temperatures

Temperature(°C)

Severity of InfectionLight (hrs) Moderate (hrs) Heavy (hrs)

25.5 10 14 2325.0 8 11 1825.0 8 11 18

24-25 6.5 9 1616-24 6 9 1615.5 6.5 10 17

14-15 7 11 1912-13 8 12 20

11 9 14 22© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006; Table taken at http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-publications-and-resources/technical-factsheets/apple-scab-improving-understanding-for-better-management/?id=1234199585484

Apple scab Venturia inaequalis

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006; Figure taken at http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-publications-and-resources/technical-factsheets/apple-scab-improving-understanding-for-better-management/?id=1234199585484

Best use pattern :

- Use at 1,8% with the minimum spray volume to - Use at 1,8% with the minimum spray volume to have a good coverage of leaves.

- Use in post infection treatment (after rain); when protectant is washed off

Independent trial: Cluster scab June, 22 th 2012

30,00%

35,00%a

Column numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P=0.05 asdetermined by Tukey contrasts for multiple comparisons calculated with function glht

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

Control Buran (0,64%) Kumulus

b b

(5 kg/ha)(10 L/ha) Sulphur

7%8%9%

Apple scab incidence on fruit at harvest; 2014 trial

0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%

Buran Kumulus Buran+KumulusSulphur Sulphur

Independent trial: (August 4, 2014)

70,0%80,0%90,0%

100,0%Incidence of apple scab on leaves

Manzate Pro Stick 6 kg/ha + Fontelis 1L/haManzate Pro Stick 6 kg/ha + Buran 1.8% 9L/ha

Comparative fungicide Group M + Group 7Group M +

0,0%10,0%20,0%30,0%40,0%50,0%60,0%70,0%

06/06 03/07 04/08

Control

Independent: trial: 2014)

50%60%70%80%

FRUIT scab severity at harvest (22 sept)

0%10%20%30%40%50%

Untreated Check Manzate Pro Stick 6 kg/ha + Fontelis

1L/ha

Manzate + AEF1101 1.8% 9L/ha Group 7

Comparative fungicide

Group M + Group 7

Group M +

CalypsoMC (Thiaclopride)**

FontelisMC (Penthiopyrade)**

Kocidemd 2000 (Hydroxyde de cuivre) **

··

Manzatemd ProStickmc (Mancozeb)*

SovranMD (Krésoxim-méthyl)**

*Physico chemical compatibility was evaluated with jar test).** Phytotoxicity has been evaluated on variety Lobo, Cortland et Macintosh.