b'ws' )*;f]n'v'Da'

;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

cui6 @))*

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn åf/f k|sflzt o; k|sfzgsf] k"0f{ cyjf cf+lzs c+z k'gM k|sfzgug{' k/] zLif{s tyf k|sfzsdf lglxt ;jf{lwsf/ clgjfo{ ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .

;jf{lwsf/M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn, @))*, b'ws'08 – ;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt /k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

tof/ ug]{ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_tl:j/ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_;Dkfbg M ´ds Afxfb'/ sfsL{ -/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu_

ejfgL z+s/ 8+uf]n -8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn_

Disclaimer: This publication is solely based on the perceptions of the local indigenous people anddoes not necessarily reflect the opinions held by the WWF Nepal.

/fli6«o k|ltlglwsf] ;Gb]z

l;d;f/ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+u xf] . l;d;f/n] kfgLsf] e08f/0f /

:jR5Ls/0f ug]{, :yflgo jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf >f]t pknAw u/fpg], ljleGg

b'n{e jGohGt' Pj+ jg:kltnfO{ jf;:yfg k|bfg ug]{ / wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s

tyf ko{6lso :ynsf] ?kdf ct'nlgo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 .

g]kfn cg]sf}+ dxTjk"0f{ l;d;f/sf] wgL /fi6« ePtf klg c´} oL l;d;f/x?sf] vf]h /

dxTjsf] ljZn]if0f x'g afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . t/fO{sf] sltko l;d;f/sf] ;j]{If0f tyf

cg';Gwfg eO{ b:tfj]hx? tof/ e};s]sf] 5, t/ kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt w]/} h;f]

l;d;f/x?sf] cj:yfaf/] xfdL cgle¡f 5f}+ . oxL hfgsf/Lsf] sldnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfnsf] :jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfo{qmd cu|;/ ePsf] 5 .

:jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfoqmdn] xfn pRr lxdfnL If]qdf /x]sf l;d;f/x?sf] ljj/0f

tof/ ug]{ qmd cuf8L a9fPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df k|:t't k'l:tsfn] k/Dk/fut ?kn]

hLjg ofkg ub}{ cfPsf cflbjf;L hghftLx?n] wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s / ;f+:s[lts cf:yf

Pj+ ljZjf;sf cfwf/df tL If]qsf ;+/If0f tyf pkof]u u/]sf] lhjGt pbfx/0fx? k|:t't

u/]sf] 5 .

of] cg';Gwfg cuf8L a9fpg k|fljlws ?kn] ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df jg ljefu,

/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu / cfly{s ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df 8An'

8An' Pkm g]b/Nof08\;÷8An' 8An' Pkm O{G6/g]zgn / 8An' 8An' Pkm o's] k|lt 8An' 8An'

Pkm g]kfn xflb{s s[t¡ftf ¡ffkg ub{5 .

cGTodf o; lsl;dsf] ljj/0f ;+sng / ;f] sf] k|sfzgaf6 cGo If]qsf l;d;f/x?sf]

;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / j'l¢dŒff pkof]u ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg] d}n] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' .

clgn dfgGw/

/fli6«o k|ltlglw

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn

ljZjsf] zL/ ;u/dfyf c~rn g]kfnsf]

k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]qdf kb{5 . ^ j6f lhNnf

ldnL ag]sf] ;u/dfyf c~rn ;jf]{Rj lzv/

;u/dfyfsf] gfdn] ;+;f/ e/ k|l;¢ 5 . o;}

c~rnsf] ;Dkbfn] ubf{ xfd|f] /fi6«sf] OHht

ljZj ;dfhdf cuf8L 5 . ;jf]{Rr lxdlzv/

ljZj ;Dkbf ;'rLdf k/]sf] ;u/dfyf /fli6«o

lgs'~h ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf

kb{5 .

k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf, k|frLg ;Eotf, ax'efiff, wd{, j0f{, ;+:s[ltsf wgL ;u/dfyf

c~rndf a;f]jf; ug]{ hftLx? d'Vo ul/ z]kf{, tfdfª, /fO{, du/, u'?ª,

a|fDxg, If]qL, yf?, blnt / cGo . wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, k|frLg tyf k|fs[lts

;Dkbfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lxd s'08x? dWo] b'ws'08 ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] ;b/

d'sfd ;Nn]/L b]lv pQ/ e]udf kb{5 .

1

;Ld;f/ If]qx?

hn;|f]tdf ljZjsf] bf];|f] wgL /fi6« g]kfn x'g'df cg]sg cUnf–

xf]rf lxd >+[vnf, lxdtfn, glbx?sf] 7'nf] of]ubfg 5 .

;f]n'v'Da' lhNnf lxd l;d;f/ If]qsf] lglDt dxTjk'0f{ cyjf

wgL lhNnfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ljleGg If]qdf k|fs[lts ?kn]

/x]sf l;d;f/ If]q;+u ;DaGw /fVg] lxdtfnx? h:t}M b'ws'08,

kfFrkf]v/L, kfªu|]kf]v/L, uf]lsof] tfn dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . uf]lsof] tfn

ut ;fn cGt/fli6«o dxTj -/fd;f/_ l;d;f/sf] ?kdf 3f]lift

ePsf] 5 . tfdf kf]v/Laf6 pTklQ eP/ jUg] b'wsf]zL,

b'ws'08nfO{ zL/ dfgL aUg] b'ws'08 vf]nf / ljleGg ;xfos vf]N;fx? ld;Lb} ;f]n'vf]nfsf] ?kdf

cfO{ a]gL x'Fb} b'wsf]zLdf ldl;g cfpF5 . ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] 6flS;Gb' uf=lj=;= df :yfgLo txdf

ul/Psf] ;xefuLtf d'ns 5nkmn /flvPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, lzIfs, b'ws'08 ;fd'bflos

jgsf cWoIf pQm 5nkmn sfo{df ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . ;fd'lxs 5nkmn ub}{ ;xefuLx?n] b'ws'08,

kl/;/df ePsf ;|f]t gS;f tof/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;} u/L wfld{s ?kdf b'ws'08 cfpg] ;f+:s[lts

af6f]sf] gS;f klg tof/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To; ;fd'lxs cWofkg cg';Gwfg cg';f/ a]gL ;Dd

pRr kxf8L If]qdf kfOg] :jR5 hn;|f]t kl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLdf kfOg] df5f k|hftLx? kfOFbf] /x]5 .

pQm If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ ;a} a'4dfuL{ ePsfn] df5f dfg]{ rng g/x]sf] s'/f ;xefuLx?n] atfpg'

eof] . a]gL If]q jl/kl/ :of;f{ vf]nf, ;fgf] a]gLsf vf]N;f nufot l;d;f/ If]qx?df k/fk"j{sfnb]lv

eO{ cfPsf] kfxf k|hftL kfOG5 . h;nfO{ z]kf{ efiffdf 6f]Ë eGbf/x]5g\ . pSt k|hftL vfg x'g] /

:jf:Yo pkrf/sf] nflu k/Dk/fut cf}iflwsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] ub{5 .

2

lrq g+= !

lrq g+= @

3

lrq

g+= #

4

kljq b'ws'08 ;d'Gb| ;txb]lv nueu $,%#!

dL6/sf] prfO{df, g'Da'/ lxdfn ^,(%( dL6/,

vf6fª ^,*%# dL6/ / sfo{n'ª ^,^*! dL6/

cUnf] ;'Gb/ lxdfnsf] sfvdf cjl:yt

6flS;Gb' uf=lj=;= j8f g= *, ;f]n'v'Da'

lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd ;Nn]/Laf6 #) sf]; pQ/

lbzfdf kg]{ o; s'08sf] pTklQ af/] ljleGg

egfO{ kfOG5 .

wtL{ / lxdfnsf] ;[li6 ePs} ;dob]lv o;

s'08 /x]sf] ljZjf; 6flS;Gb' af;Lx? /fVb5g\ .

*)–*@ jif{sf] a[4 ;xefuLx?n] cfˆgf] afa',

afh], lhh'afh]åf/f o; s'08af/] o:t} egfO{

/x]sf] tYo 5nkmnsf] qmddf atfpg' ePsf]

lyof] . z'? b]lv pxfFx?n] s'08sf] kfgL b'w´}

;]tf] b]lvg] x'gfn] b'ws'08sf] gfdfs/0f

/flvPsf] x'g ;Sg] hgljZjf; 5 . b'ws'08sf]

pTklQ af/] ef}uf]lns tYo k|df0f t xfn;Dd

kfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

b'ws'08 glhs /x]sf 6flS;Gb' / l/Ëd' ufpF

af;Lx?sf] egfO{ cg';f/ k/fk'j{ sfndf rf}/L

r/fpg hfbf Pp6f rf}/Ln] xfn s'08 ePsf]

7fpFdf 9'uf+ dfly uO{ cfˆgf] b'w r8fpg] ubf]{

/x]5 . Ps lbg o:tf] b[Zo uf]7fnfx?n] b]v]5 .

uf]7df kms]{/ ;a};+u 5nkmn u/L kl5 To;

7fpFdf hfbf t ufOsf] b'w h:t} s'08sf]

pTklQ ePsf] pgLx?n] b]v]5g\ . o:tf] crDd

tYo ufpFdf uO{ ;'gfP5 . ;a}n] To; 7fpFdf

b]jtfx?sf] af; x'g ;Sg] ljZjf;n] k'hf cfhf

ug{ hfg] rng x'gfn] cfh;Dd klg wfld{s

tLy{sf] ?kdf b'ws'08 hfg] ub{5g\ . cfˆgf]

OR5f rfxgf cyjf dgf]sf+Iff k'/f x'g] ljZjf;

lnO{ z'4 dgn] s'08df uO{ k'hf, k|fy{gf ug]{

k/Dk/fut rng xf] eGb} 5nkmnsf

;xefuLx?n] atfpg' eof] .

To:tf] /f]rs 36gf slt k':tf cl3 ePsf]

eGg] s'g} lznfn]v gePsf] 6flS;Gb' / l/Ëd'

af;Lx? atfpg' x'G5 . t/ cfˆgf] afa' afh]

-z]kf{ efiffdf afh]nfO{ ækfnfÆ eGbf/x]5g\_ s}

;do sfnb]lv kz'kfng, pTkfbg,

kz'kfngaf6 x'g] cfDbfgL / kz' :jf:Yo /fd|f]

gePdf b'ws'08sf] k'hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] s'/f

pgLx? atfpg' x'G5 . b'ws'08df uO{ k'hf

ul/lbgsf] nflu pSt s'08 glhs hUuf ePsf]

6flS;Gb' ufpFdf a:g] ;fns hftLnfO{ hfF8,

/S;Lsf] ;u'g / cGo sf];]nL /fvL cg'/f]w ug]{

k'/fgf] rng pgLx?sf] /x]5 . cfˆgf] kz'kfng

/fd|f] xf]; egL b'ws'08sf] k'hf ug{ hfbf

kz'nfO{ afWg] 8f]/L -bfDnf]_ nfO{ tfGb} n}hfg'

kg]{ /x]5 . kz'wg dfuL lbg egL uPsf ;fns

z]kf{n] k'hf ;s]kl5 pQm s'08af6 Pp6f 9'uf+

l´s]/ 3/af6 tfGb} NofOPsf] 8f]/Ldf afWg' kg]{

5

/x]5 . b'ws'08af6 lgsflnPsf] 9'uf+nfO{ 8f]/Ln]

To;/L afw]kl5 kz'kfngsf] nflu …;xÚ ;D´L

8f]¥ofpb} cfˆgf] 3/ n}hfg] / uf]7df afWg]

;fdflhs k/Dk/f /x]5 . o;f] ubf{ 3/df

kz'kfngdf ;'wf/ cfpg], pTkfbgdf a[l4 x'g]

kz':jf:Yodf nfe /xg] x'G5 / x'b} cfPsf] ;To–

tYo ;xefuLx?n] atfpg' eof] .

Pjd\ l/tn] ;dfhdf h}hDg -;Gtfg_ gePsf

bDkltn] b'ws'08df uO{ ;fns z]kf{ hftLnfO{

;Gtfg x'g] j/bfg dfUg nufpg] rng / pQm

k'hf/Ln] s'08af6 Pp6f 9'Fuf ;Gtfgsf] ?kdf

lgsfnL lbg] / ;Gtfg ePkl5 pQm bDkltn]

b]vfpg Nofpg] 5 egL s'08 ;+u sa'n

-efsn_ ul/lbg] ;fdflhs k|rng /x]5 .

efjgfTds ?kdf lgsflnPsf] To; 9'+ufnfO{ lgh

bDkltn] ;kmf sk8fn] a]/L cfˆgf] sf]vaf6

;Gtfg hGdg] ulx/f] ljZjf; lnP/ pQm 9'uf+nfO{

sf]vdf lnO{ kms{g]{ k|yf /x]5 . kl5 cfˆgf] aRrf

hGd]kl5 b'ws'08nfO{ b]vfpg Nofpg] sd{jrg

-efsn_ k'/f ug{ hfFbf b'ws'08af6 ;Gtfg

k|flKtsf] ?kdf NofOPsf] 9'+ufnfO{ To;} 7fpFdf

nu]/ ;Ddfgsf ;fy 5f8\g' kg]{ k/Dk/fut,

wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts dfGotf /x]5 .

;Gtfg ePkl5 clgjfo{ ?kn] bz{gsf] nflu

b'ws'08 n}hfg' kg]{ wfld{s k/Dk/f /x]5 . To;f]

gu/] pQm aRrf dg{ ;Sg] hgljZjf; klg

/x]5 . ufpF–;dfhdf ljjfx u/]sf] @) jif{;Dd

;Gtfg gePsf] bDkltn] b'ws'08df uP/ ;Gtfg

dfu]kl5 ;Gtfg k|fKt ePsf] k|ToIf pbfx/0fx?

3'dGt] ;xefuLx?n] atfP . o:tf] sfo{sf] nflu

b]zsf 6f9f–6f9faf6 klg k}bn lxb]/ b'ws'08

cfpg] k/Dk/f /x]sf] s'/f klg pgLx?n] ;'gfP .

b'ws'08df uP/ cfkm'nfO{ k/]sf] lk/, b'Mv, si6,

sdhf]/L, cfˆgf] OR5f, rfxgf JoQm u/] k'/f x'g]

;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f /x]5 .

cGgkft, vfg, nufpg, wg, ;DklQ, rf}kfof

cflbsf] nflu b'ws'08 uO{ k/d]Zj/;+u efjgf

kf]v]df k'/f x'g] ljZjf; /x]sf] s'/f To; e]udf

/x]sf z]kf{ ;d'bfox? atfpb5g\–

Æ

æ6flS;Gb' ufpFdf /fd|f] c+s NofO{ ;j{k|ydP;=Pn=;L= df kf; ug]{ To; If]qs} klxnf]z]kf{ JolSt x'g'x'GYof] . cfly{s cj:yf/fd|f] ePsf] kl/jf/, ufpF l5d]sdf /fd|}OHhtsf ;fy a;f]jf; ePsf] kl/jf/p;sf] lyof] . ;do laTb} hfFbf cfˆgfcfdf–afa' nufot cfˆgL wd{kTgLsf]b]xfGt ePkl5 lgh JolQmn] clt b'MvkfPsf] lyof] . To; If]qdf ePsf] Pp6f;fgf] xf]6ndf pm h'7f] efF8f df‰g], ;kmfug]{, cToGt} b'MvL lhjg latfpb} lyof] .klxnf To;/L /fd|f] kl/jf/df a;]sf]dfG5] To; ;dodf ufpsf ;a}n] /fd|f];Ddfg sdfPsf] JolQm, kl5 cfP/s;}n] klg jf:tf gu/]sf] b]Vbf ;dfhsfJolQmx? crDd dfGby] . ;j}n] p;sf]lbgrof{ b]v]/ l67 ug]{ ub{Yof] .

Ææd 6flS;Gb' af;L x' . d]/f] cj:yf lxhf]

/fd|f] lyof] . cfh d}n] c;fWo} b'MvkfPsf] 5' . d]/f] xfnt o:tf] 5 . tkfO{b'ws'08 dfO{ x'g'x'G5 . ;a}sf] sNof0f ug'{x'g] eujfg x'g'x'G5 . d]/f] OR5f k'/f xf];eGb} cfvf e/L cfFz' kfb}{ s/fpFbf] /x]5 .

nfSkf z]kf{ cfk'mn] p;nfO{ b'ws'08sf] pQ/–k"j{

5]pdf plePsf] cUnf] 9'uf+sf] wg dfUg]

s'gfdf crDd tl/sfn] a/a/fO{/x]sf] k|ToIf

b]v]sf] atfpg' x'G5 . nfSkf z]kf{sf] cg';f/

pQm JolSt z]kf{ efiffdf–

6

s]lx ;do kl5 To; 7fpFaf6 p7]/ uP5 . To;sf] ^ dlxgf kl5 t cd]l/sf uPsf] ;'Gg kfpbf

crDd nfu]sf] s'/f nfSkf z]kf{ atfpg' x'G5 . To:tf] clGtd cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] JolStsf]

hLjg ;'wf/ ePsf] cfˆg} cfFvfn] cg'ej ug{ kfpFbf b'ws'08df uP/ ;fFrf] dgn] JoQm u/] O{Zj/n]

;'Gg] /x]5 eGg ljZjf; nfUof] eGg'x'G5 nfSkf z]kf{ . nfSkf z]kf{n] pQm tYo 36gf 5nkmndf

;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pFxfsf] cfjhnfO{ 6]k klg ul/Psf] 5 .

k[YjLsf] pTklQ;+u} b'ws'08sf] pbo ePsf] ljZjf; ug]{ jif{ *@ sf] cfªsfdL z]kf{ 6flS;Gb'

uf=lj=;= j8f g= % sf lgjf;L x'g'x'G5 . cfˆgf] afh], afafx?s} ;dob]lv b'ws'08 o:t} /x]sf]

s'/f lgh z]kf{ atfpg' x'G5 . cfk'm ;fgf] 5bf cfˆgf] afh] -z]kf{ efiffdf afh]nfO{ ækfnfÆ eGbf

/x]5_ n] b'ws'08sf] wfld{s, tflGqs, cnf}lss tyf ;f+:s[lts dxTjaf/] ;'gfpg' ePsf] sxfgL

;D´b} eGg' x'G5–

æd ;fgf] 5Fbf d]/f] xh'/afn] bGTo syfsf] ?kdf b'ws'08sf] af/]eGg'ePsf] s'/f xf] . of] d]/f] xh'/afn] klg ;'Gg' ePsf] /],kf]v/f, sf:sL 5]p–5fp a:g] Ps k|Voft kl08t Clifx'g'x'GYof] . pQm Clifn] Ps /ft cfˆgf] ;kgLdfb'ws'08b]jLsf] ?k wf/0f u/L b'ws'08sf] kl/ro kfpg' eP5 .pQm b]jLn] cfk'm lxdfnsf] kf;df 5' / bz{g ug{ cfpg] ;'rgfkfpg' eP5 . ;kgLsf] s'/fsfgLdf b'ws'08 sxf+, s'g If]q,s'g lbzf / s'g lxdfnsf] ;fydf cjl:yt 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}Clifn] yfxf kfP5 . s'g ;do–38L, kn, dlxgf /b'ws'08df cfOk'Ug] s;/L bz{g ug]{ h:tf s'/fsf] 1fg ;Dk"0f{hfgsf/L Clifn] ;kgLdf g} k|fKt ug'{ eP5 . Clif ;w} ́ };a]/} p7]/ g'xfO{ ;/–;kmf u/L k'hf, kf7 ;s]kl5 >LdtL nfO{cfkm'n] ;kgLdf b'ws'08 b]jLsf] bz{g ug{ cfpg] ;'rgf kfPsf]s'/f ;'gfP . 5nkmn ub}{ Clifn] bz{g ofqfdf cfjZos;f]tf]–;fdn / el/ofx?sf] aGbf]a:t ug{ klg eg] . lxdfnsf]

7

ofqf ug'{ kg]{ /fd|} ;'rgfg';f/ hg}k"l0f{dfsflbg bz{g ug{ k'Ug'kg]{ ePsf]n] To;} cg'?kkfgL k/]sf] ;dodf cf]9\g] 3'd / rflxg];/;fdfg >LdtLn] tof/ kfg'{ eP5 . af6f]dfvfg] cfjZos vfg]s'/f / @)–#) hgfel/ofx? klg tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] /x]5 . s'g};fdfgsf] sld x'G5 ls egL hfFr ub}{ dg–dg}Clif kl08tn] dnfO{ ;fy} nu] x'g] lyof] egL>LdtLn] ;f]Rg yfn]5 . d klg hfG5' egLs;/L eGg] hfg t dg nfu]sf] lyof] t/ClifnfO{ eGg ;lSbg hfg] a]nfdf pxfF cfkm}n]eGg'xf]nf egL >LdtL r'k nflu5 .

;kgLdf kfPsf] ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df slxn}guPsf] Tof] klg lxdfnsf] cf8df k'Ug'kg]{egL ;f]r ljrf/df k/]sf Clif klg c;fWo}Ao:t eP5 . s'g af6f] hfg], s'g–s'g 7fpFx'b} hfg] ;a} ;/–;Nnfx ug{df tNnLg eP5Clif klg . ltyL ldnfO{ b'ws'08 bz{gdfhfg] lbgsf] ldtL klg to eP5 . z'e lbgkf/]/ ;a} el/ofx? lnP/ lty{df hfg] ;do eO{;Sbf klg >LdtLsf] dgsf] s'/f Clifn] a'‰g;s]g5 . cGtdf >LdtLn] Clif;+u pSts'08df slxn] k'Ug' x'G5 / hg} k"l0f{dfsf] lbgs'g ;do jf kn hfbf bz{g ug'{ kg]{ ;fOt 5lg egL ;f]w]5 . Clifn] ;kgLdf k|fKt ;'rgfcg';f/ >LdtLnfO{ ljj/0f ;'gfP/ el/ofx?nufot cGo ;xof]uLx?sf] ;fy lnO{b'ws'08sf] lty{ lx8\g' eP5 .

>LdtLn] klg 3/df Clifn] atfP cg';f/hg}k"0f]{sf lbg 3/ lnk–kf]t u/L, cfFug ;a};kmf u/]5 . snzdf ;kmf kfgL b'af], kftL,k"mn ;hfO{ lbof]df t]n xfnL k'hfsf] nflutof/ ug'{ eP5 . Pp6f 7"nf] ef8fdf ;kmfkfgL /fVb} Clifn] bz{g ug]{ b'ws'08 h:t}xf]; egL k'sf/ ug{ yfn]5 .

nfdf] lbgsf] ofqf kl5 lglb{i6 7fpFdfk'u]sf Clif k|fKt ;'rgf cg';f/ Cliftk{gLsf lbg, 7Ls ;dodf g'xfP/ lxdfnsf];fydf /x]sf] s'08b]jLsf] bz{g ug{ psfnf]nfUg' eP5 . rfFbL ́ } rlDsnf] lxdfn g'Da'/vf6ª / sfo{n'ªsf] sf]vdf /x]sf] ufO{sf]b'w ́ } ;'Gb/ s'08 b]Vbf ;a} hgf b+u kb}{crDd dfg]5g\ . Clifn] ;kgLdf kfPsf];'rgfg';f/ cfk'mx? bz{gdf cfPsf] cf}nfdfdf]tL hl8t cf+}7L nufpg' ePsf] /x]5 .pQm cf+}7L vf]nL b'w }́ b]lvg] b'ws'08dfr9fpg' eP5 . ptf 3/df Clifsf >LdtLp;} ;dodf Clifn] bz{g ug]{ s'08 ;D´Lk'sf/ ub}{ ;kmf kfgL /fv]sf] efF8fdf v'§f6]s]sf] dfq lyP /] l6Ël/Ë cfjfh ;'g]5 .s] v;]5 egL x]bf{ t Clifn] nufpg] cf+}7L kf]/x]5 . Clifn] n}hfg ljif{g' eP5 egL;'/lIft u/L /fVg' knf{ / 3/ cfpg' ePkl5lbg'knf{ eGg] ;f]r >LdtLn] agfP5 .

;'Gb/ rlDsnf] lxdfnsf] ;fydf /x]sf] b'w }́kljq b'ws'08sf] bz{g ;s]/ Clif cfˆgf;xof]uL el/ofx?;+u 3/ k'Ug' eP5 . To;/L6f9fsf] lty{ofqf ;s]/ 3/ k'u] kl5 >LdtLn]ClifnfO{ cfˆgf] cf}7L lbP5 . pQm cf+}7Lb]v]/ Clif klg a8f] crDd kg'{ eP5 . of]t d}n] kj{tdf cjl:yt b'ws'08nfO{ r9fO{cfPsf] lyP s;/L oxfF cfP5 egL Clifn]>LdtL;+u ;f]w]5 .

To;kl5 >LdtLn] cfk'm klg bz{gdf hfgdg u/]sf] t/ ClifnfO{ eGg g;s]sf],cfk'mn] 3/df g} k'hf–kf7 u/L Pp6fefF8fdf ;kmf kfgL /fvL o;}nfO{ b'ws'08;D´L hg} k"l0f{dfsf lbg tkfO{n] lxdfndfb'ws'08sf] bz{g ug{'x'g] ;dodf d}n] klg To;}ug]{ rfFhf] ldnfO{ kfgLdf v'§f /fVg ;fy

8

Æ

æTo; ;dodf cfhsf] h:tf] 5ftf, Knfl:6s, /]gsf]6 / af6f]–3f6f]sf] klg ;'ljwf lyPg . t/klg dfG5]x?sf] To:tf] eL8 nfUbYof] . cfh–ef]ln lzIffsf] sf/0fn] xf]nf ls egL cfkm};D´G5' . gj lkl9+x? ;+u wd{–sd{df sd ljZjf; eP/ klg xf]nf ofq'x? sd ePsf] .cfh–ef]lnsf] dflg;x?df wd{, cf:yf / ljZjf; sd x'Fb} uPsf] b]Vbf 5Ss nfU5 eGg'x'G5cfªsfdL z]kf{ .

klxnf–klxnfsf] s'/fx? t cfh ef]lnsf] JolQmx?n] ;'Gg klg dg ub}{g . gfgL;+u o;/L s'/fubf{ t k'/fgf] ofb cfof] dnfO{ . d}n] hfg]sf] s'/f ;'gfP eGb} cfªsfdL z]kf{n] 5nkmndfatfpg' eof] .

Æ

pxfF eGg'x'G5–

æ

Æ

b'ws'08sf] pQ/df /x]sf] pRr lxdfndf ;]tL gfu a;]sf] 5 /] . b'w, blx, k"mnkflt, ds}sf]3f]uf, whf, kmnk'mn cflb lnP/ ljleGg If]qaf6 eStfn'x? cfpg] ug'{x'G5 . ;Todgn]lrtfP/ cfP j/, j/bfg, cfo', wg, hg, kz', / cfk'mn] h] lrtfPsf] s'/f k'U5 eGg]hgljZjf; k'/fgf] k/Dk/f 5 . kz', wg dfUg hfg]x? 8f]/L tfGb} uPsf] / bf]¥ofpb} kms]{sf]b]lvG5 . 5f]/f÷5f]/L jf ;Gtfg gePsfx? ;Gtfg dfUg uPsf] egL ;'lgG5 . vf]6fª,cf]vn9'+uf, pbok'/ h:tf If]qaf6 ls/fFt, /fO{, wfdL, ́ fs|Lx?, j/–j/bfg / lj/fdLx? lnP/s'08sf] bz{g ug{ cfpg] ub{5g\ .

lsG6«LË cfjfh kfPF . s] ́ /]5 egL x]bf{ tFkfO{sf] cf}+7L kfFP lng'xf]; egL >LdtLn] ClifnfO{cg'/f]w u/]5g\ .

o:tf] 36\gf ;'g] kl5 t ´g Clif crDd eP5 . o:tf] cnf}lss zlSt ePsf] kljqb'ws'08sf] k|rf/ ;a}lt/ Clifn] ug'{ eP5 . To; ;do b]lv y'k|} dflg;x? Clif tk{gLsf];dodf kljq b'ws'08sf] bz{g ug{ hfg] ub{Yof] .

dnfO{ ;D´gf 5 eGb} cfªsfdL z]kf{ cuf8L eGg'x'G5 ls @))& ;fn eGbf cl3Nnf] ;do;Ddy'k|} ltyfn'{ eSthgx? cfpg] ub{Yof] . To; ;dotfsf ltyf{n'x? kf]v/f, sf:sL, sf7df08f}cflb ljleGg If]qaf6 gfnf, ag]kf, bf]Nvf, /fd]5fk x'b} b'ws'08 cfpg] u/]sf] e]l6GYof] .aiff{bsf] ;dodf pSt kj{ kg]{ ePsf] x'gfn] ;a} ofq'x? klxnf klxnf t 3'd cf]8]/ kfgLn] ?‰b}cfpg] kms{g] ug'{ kb{Yof] . af6f]df 3'd dfq} b]lvg] u/L bz{g ug{ hfg] ofq'x?sf] eL8 cfh–ef]ln t w]/} sd ePsf] 5 .

cfªsfdL z]kf{ eGg'x''G5–

9

km]/L pxfF eGg'x'G5–

Ææl3p a]r]/ cfO{ uf]7df a:g' kg]{, ;do cg';f/ rf}/L, e]8f, uf]7 ;fb}{ n}hfg' kg]{ x'GYof] .

cfªsfdL z]kf{sf] egfO{ cg';f/ x/]s jif{ c;f/ dlxgfsf] #) ut] ;Dd ;a} rf}/L e]8f uf]7fn]x?

pSt b'ws'08 5]p–5fp k'lu;s]sf] x'g] ub{Yof] . To; If]qdf cfO{ k'u]sf] ef]nL kN6 k|To]s uf]7

wgLn] s]lx gvfO{ rf]vf] d'vn] ;]tf], /ftf], lgnf] /Ësf] whf, l3p, b'w lnP/ b'ws'08 uO{ kz' hg /

fd|f] xf]; egL j/ dfUg] rng lyof] . To;}u/L ;fpg !% df ! wfgL{ l3p, @ kfyL ux'sf] lk7f]df

d]df/ -tf]df{_ agfO{ nfdfnfO{ af]nfO{ lxdfnsf] k'hf–cfhf u/fpg] k/Dk/f 5 . To;} u/L ;fpg

k'0f]{sf] k~rdL ltyLdf klg lxdfnsf] k'hf ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] 5 h;nfO{ z]kf{ ;+:sf/df …/f]Ú ug]{

elgG5 . To;}u/L o'nf, vf6s / ;'n -lrq !_ lxdfnsf] sfvdf /x]sf] b'ws'08sf] k'hf–cfhf ug]{ k/

Dk/fnfO{ z]kf{ efiffdf PFhË elgG5 . ufO{, kz' / dfG5]nfO{ lj/fdL kfg]{ …lk/–r'8f]Ú b]jtf pSt kljq

b'ws'08sf] k'hfcfhf u/L /fd|f] ;+u dfg, dlgtf] ug'{ kg]{ xfd|f afa'–afh]x?n] eGg] ug'{ x'GYof] .

cfªsfdL z]kf{ b'ws'08;+u ;DaGw /x]sf k'/fgf] k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/ l/tL l/jfh ;D´b} eGg' x'G5–

a[4 cfªsfdL z]kf{ eGg'x'G5 ls rfFbL ´} 6Nsg] lxdfn ;]tL gfusf] jIf:yndf a;]sf] b'ws'08

P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf] s]Gb|ljGb' eg] klg x'G5 . ;dfhsf x/]s sf]0faf6 x]bf{

b'ws'08sf] ulx/f] ;DaGw /x]sf] kfOG5 . k'/fgf] / gofF lk9Ldf /x]sf] cGt/, kl/jlt{t cfw'lgs

;dfh, k/Dk/fut, wfld{s ljZjf;df sdL, lnlvt k|df0fx?sf] cefjn] ubf{ xf]nf b'ws'08 cln

cf]´]ndf k/]sf] 5 .

cfªsfdL z]kf{ cfˆgf] afns sfnb]lv hjfgL cj:yf;Dd klg rf}/L, e]8f, pk/f]Qm b'ws'08 kl/

;/df uf]7 /fVg] u/]sf] atfpg' x'G5 . pxfF ljutsf cfˆgf] jfNosfn, hjfg, b'Mv, ;'v, k/Dk/f

/ k|s[lt;+usf] glhstf k'vf{s} kfnf b]lv w]/} kz'kfng ug]{ kl/jf/sf] ?kdf cfˆgf] kl/jf/ :yflkt

/x]sf] atfpb} eGg'x'G5–

Æ

ækz'hGo pTkfbg h:t} l3p af]s]/ a]Rgn}hfg' kb{lyof] . 6flS;Gb'af6 ag]kf k'¥ofO{l3p k|lt lsnf] ?= %÷– df a]Rg' kb{Yof] .To;/L g} kmfKn', ef]hk'/sf] ;fNkf, ;+v'jf;ef, Onfdsf] dfg] eGHofª eO{, ef/tsf;'SVof;Dd l3p a]Rg !% lbgsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{rng lyof] .

10

eg]/ lgh cfªsfdL z]kf{ n] atfpg' eof] .

k'Vof}{nL 3/ 6flS;Gb'df eP klg cfˆgf]

afa'–afh]n] cfh]{sf] kz'kfng Joj;fo eg]

5f8\g' ePsf] /x]5 . pxfF cfˆgf] kz', e]8f,

uf]7fn] ;+D´b} 5f]6f] uLt o;/L ;+D´g' x'G5 .

Æ

æj}zfv, h]i7, c;f/ dlxgfdf Ps kN6lgufnf] afF;df ljleGg /Ësf] whf afFwLb'ws'08nfO{ ;D´L d}gf k'hf ug]{ ;+:sf/lyof] . ljz]if u/L nfdfx?n] ;kmf k]nfdfhf}sf] hfF8 jf o;sf] lguf/ k'mnsf] y'+ufn]5s{b}, cIftf, sf]bf], kmfk/ 5b}{ b]j, b]jL,b]p/fnL / v'Da' lxdfn cflbsf] gfd sf8\b}b'ws'08sf] k'hf ug]{ klxnfsf] k/Dk/f xf] .

Ææca t cfw'lgs hdfgf cfof] eG5 k'/fgf]

s'/fx? t x/fpb} uof] . cfh ef]nLsf]gfgLx? o:tf] s'/f ug{ dg g} k/fpb}{gg\ .

o; uLtsf] cy{ b'ws'08df !)) htL ;]t} xfF;

´¥of] . s'08 zlQmzfnL ePsf]n] xfF; cfpg

v'zL eof] . o;} u/L dhf ug{ kfpFm dhf lnP/

d]/f] h'gL sf6\g kfpF ÛÛ

afNosfnb]lv uf]7fn] lhGbuL lxp–lxdfn,

kxf8 / b'ws'08sf] kof{j/0f;+u /dfpb} To;

;dotfsf ufpg] uLt xf] egL pxfF eGg'x'G5 .

cfhsf] h:tf] /]l8of], Sof;]6, 6]lnlehg xfd|f]

kfnfdf lyPg uf]7fnf hfFbf cfkm–cfkm' ldn]/

o:tf] uLt ufpg] ub{Yof} eGg'x'G5 cfªsfdL

z]kf{ . k|s[[lt;+u glhs, ulx/f] eft[Tj k|]d,

3lgi7 / efjgfTds ;DaGw ePsf] k'/fgf]

;fdflhs ;+/rgf / 1fg nf]kGd'v cj:yfdf

5 . aF;fO{;/fO{sf] qmddf ysfO{ d]6fpg xf] of

t cfxf/sf] vf]hLdf b'ws'08 cfPsf xfF;x?sf]

ayfgnfO{ cjnf]sg ug]{ k|yf k|s[lt;+u kf]lvg]

To:tf efjgfTds snfx? nufot :j/sG7Lx?

-unf_ cfw'lgs ;dfhaf6 nf]k x'+b} hfb}5g\ .

æ!@ jif{df uf]bfj/L k"mn k"mN5 ÛÆ eujfgn]

af; u/]sf] kljq b'ws'08df x/]s !@ aif{sf]

cGt/fndf uf]bfj/L k"mn k"mn]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm

k"mn b]lvP eujfgsf] bz{g kfpFg] / df]If

ldN5 egL tLy{ofqLx?sf] eL8 To; ;dodf

ljz]ifu/L Hofbf x'g] ub{5 . ;dfhdf o:tf

s'/fx?sf] x]Ssf /fVg] JolQmx? b'ws'08

hfg]–cfpg] ub{5g\ . cf]vn9'+uf, ?Dhf6f/,

ofdvf{–@ a:g] jif{ $% sf] bn axfb'/ vqL

cfˆgL cfdf &# jif{sf] sxfgL o;/L eGg'x'G5–

Æærf]d"ofsf] lbªnf, gfË]o kfN;'ª !

rf]nf lrnfk 5'ªgL gfªnf vf]u]{g !!

bf]ª/fª Rofg] ufk' bf]ª/fª Rofg] lsk' !ufk' lslkgfªnf, d]hL 6'ª/Ë So'ªdL !!

æ

Æ

d]/f] cfdf a[4 x'g'x'G5 t/ c }́ ´ns–´nsb]lvg] b[ZonfO{ uf]bfj/L km"n km"n]sf] . pStk"mn b]lvPdf b'ws'08 v'zL ePsf] /uf]bfj/L k"mnsf] ?kdf bz{g lbg'ePsf] /lrtfPsf] s'/f k'U5 egL b'ws'08 b]jLnfO{gd:sf/ u/L kms{g]{ xfd|f] k'/fgf] afa' afh]n]rnfO{ cfPsf] k/Dk/f xf] .

cf]vn9'+uf, ?Dhf6f/af6 #–$ lbgdf k}bn

lx+8\bf k'lug] b'ws'08 k|foh;f] !@ jif]{ uf]bfj/L

d]nfdf w]/} hfg] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . To; afx]s

hg}–kl'0f{dfdf cf–cfˆgf] efsn a'́ fpg ljz]if

u/L wfdL–emfFqmL cfpg] rng /x]5 . ;dfhdf

/x]sf] hgljZjf; / egfO{nfO{ pxfF o;/L

JoSt ug'{ x'G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf b'ws'08 af/]]

wf/0ff o:tf] 5 . a'9f–kfsfx? eGg'x'G5–

11Æ

æ

Æ

æb'ws'08df uO{ g'xfP/ rf]vf] d'vn], ;TolrtfP/ k'hf kf7 ug{fn] kfk kvflnG5 .cfˆgf] z/L/df /f]u, si6, s'g}lsl;dsf] lj/fdL 5 eg] hftL xG5 .Toxf+ uP/ eujfgsf] b'ws'08sf] cf/fwgfug]{ u/]df 3/–kl/jf/hg ;a}nfO{ ;'v–;'lj:tf /xG5 .

;dfhaf6 nf]k x'g nfu]sf] k'/fgf] ljZjf;,

ljrf/, k/Dk/f, l/ltl/jfh, cf:yf, wf/0ff /

kljq lxdfnsf] 5ftLdf v]nL/x]sf] b'ws'08sf]

ulx/f] ;DaGwnfO{ gj lkl9+;Dd k'¥ofpg' kg]{

cfhsf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 .

;fd'lxs 5nkmn s} qmddf ;xefuLx? -lrq_

n] eGg'eof] ls–

b'ws'08sf] k"j{ kl§ lxdfn;u+ hf]l8P//x]sf] cUnf]–cUnf] 9'+uf 5 . pQm 9'+ufP]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf h}ljsk|hfltx?sf] pTklt af/]df /x]sf] dxTjatfpg' eof] . b'ws'08 5]pdf /x]sf] pQm9'+uf s'08sf] kfgL;+u} hf]l8P/ /x]sf] 5 .lrq g+ df b]vfP }́ d'Vo k'hf ug]{ 7fFpTo;} 7fFpdf eQmhg, wfdL, ´fqmLx? uO{k'hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . To;}sf]s'gfdf kljq kfgLsf] d'xfg /x]sf] / pQmkfgLnfO{ tLyf{n'x?n] cd[tsf] ?kdf 3/n}hfg] k|rng klg 5 . pk/f]Qm 7fFpaf6;f]́ } dfly hfg] af6f] uP 9'+ufsf] dflyNnf]efudf k'Ug ;lsG5 . To; 7fFpdf ;fgf]kfgL el/Psf] vfN8f] /x]sf] 5 . k|To]sJolQmn] pQm 9'+u] kf]v/Ldf xft /fvLwg÷;Dklt vf]Hg] / h] kfof] To;nfO{uf]hLdf c?n] gb]Vg] u/L /fVg], kl5 3/dfk'u]/ b'ws'08af6 dflu NofPsf]wg÷;Dkltsf] ‘;x’ egL /fVbf kmlnkmfkx'g] P]ltxfl;s ljZjf; /x]5 .

cflbd o'udf eujfgsf] 5f]/Lx? :ju{sf] cK;/fsf]

?k wf/0f u/L To; 9'+ufdf cfP/ ;'l/nf] uLlt

gfr b]vfpg' eP5 /] . eujfgsf] 5f]/Lx?sf]

gfr / uLt ;'Gg egL k[YjL jf ;+;f/df ePsf

;a} k|f0fLx? b'ws'08 tkm{ ;l/g yfn]5 /] . ;'l/nf]

:j/ / /dfO{nf] gfr x]g{ cfpg] qmddf /x]sf

kfOnfx?sf] 5fk -;|f]t gS;f_ pQm 9'+ufdf c´}

b]Vg kfOG5 egL l/ªd' lgjf;L 6]Daf z]kf{ /

pxf+sf] wd{ kTgL eGg'x'G5 . z]kf{ ;dfhdf

vfªb'df gfr -cK;/f gfr]sf] gfr_ egL k|Voft

/x]5 . hg}k"l0f{dfsf lbg ufpF–3/af6 / uf]7df

a:g] ;]kf{ ;d'bfosf dlxnfx? uP/ pQm

9'+ufdf gfRg] k/Dk/f cem;Dd klg 5 egL

pxfFx?n] atfpg' eof] .

eujfgsf] kfnf b]lv pTklt ePsf] 7fpFdf

k'vf{x?n] 5f8L /fv]sf] kfOnfsf] 5fk x]g{ /

cfo' j/bfg dfUg egL x/]s hLj, hGt', k+IfL

udL{sf] ofd z'? ePkl5 b'ws'08 x'b} lxdfn

lt/ cfpg] / hf8f]sf] ;do z'? ePkl5 cfo',

cflzif lnO{ v'zL x+'b} kms{g] k|fs[lts rqmnfO{

wfld{s / k|f0fLx?sf] pTud:ynsf] ?kdf /x]sf]

7fpF egL ljZjf; /x]5 .

12

Æ

hg} k"l0f{dfsf] ;dodf ljleGg If]qaf6 cfpg'ePsf

wfdL÷´fFqmLx? To; 7fpFdf k'u]/ cf–cf̂ gf] d'Gw'd

kmnfSb} gfRg] wfld{s rng /x]5 . To;/L g} 9'+ufsf]

csf]{ 5]pdf wg / cfo' dfUg], ljz]if 7fpFsf] ;|f]t

gS;f ! b]vfOPsf] 5 . b'ws'08 jl/kl/ /x]sf] b]jL,

b]jtfx?sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ k'hf ug]{ whf /fVg] k/Dk/f

/x]5 . pRr lxdfn r§fgn] 3]l/Psf] b'ws'08sf]

klZrd If]q kmlTsP/ hfb} u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . lxpFsf]

l9Ssf klUnP/ cfpg] qmd hf/L b]lvG5 . ljZjdf

tfkdfg a9]/ xf] ls, df};d kl/jt{g eP/ xf] jf

dfgljo ultljlwsf k|efj k|fs[lts kl/l:ytLo

k|0ffnLdf k/]sf] c;/sf] sf/0f xf] . s] sf/0fn]

xf] kljq b'ws'08nfO{ -lrq_ b'Mv / lk8f k/]sf]

b]lvG5 . x'gt Hofb} kmf]xf]/ eof] / dfgjLo k|efj

w]/} eof] eg] csf]{ 7fpFdf pTklQ x'G5 eGg]

ljZjf; klg /x]5 . To;/L eTs]/ uPsf] If]qdf

;fgf]–;fgf] kf]v/Lx? sf] pbo x'b} u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

uugr'DaL g'Da'/, vf6s / sfo{n'ª l5g–l5gdf 9\jfË

cfjfh lgsfnL lxd klx/f] uO{ /xg] lxdfnsf]

5ftLdf /x]sf] kljq b'ws'08 -lrq_ . ;fFrf] dgn]

lrtfP cfF6]sf], ug{ vf]h]sf] s'/f k'/f x'g], kfk eP

æklxnf–klxnf t b'ws'08sf] bz{g ug{ hfg]dfG5]x? y'k|} x'g] ub{Yof] . s] n] ubf{ xf] cfhef]nLsf] hg} k"l0f{dfdf t cln sd hfg]–cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f] 7fpFsf] b]jtf eg]klg eujfg eg] klg b'ws'08sf] g} xf] . xfd|fafa'–afh]s} a]nfb]lv p:t} nfU5 . cfk'mn] /fd|f] ;To dgn] lrtfPsf] s'/f k'U5 eG5 /k'u]sf] klg 5 . ufpF–3/df To;/L b'ws'08dfuO{ cfˆgf] ;d:of lk/, b'Mv ;'gfP kl5 /fd|f]ePsf] k|ToIf b]Vg kfO{Psf] 5 .

d'Qm x'g], cflzif, j/ j/bfg lng cfpg] /

k|f0fLx?sf] pTklt :yn wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts,

P]ltxfl;s ?kn] dxTj /x]sf] b'ws'08nfO{ /fd;f/

;'rLdf ;'rLs[t u/L ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

!@ jif{df uf]bfj/L k'mn b'ws'08df k'mN5 egL

eStfn'x? hfg] ub{5 egL l/ªd' ufpF lgjf;L

Pjd\ ;dfh ;]jL >L 6]Daf z]kf{ Ho"n] atfpg'

eof] . pxfFsf] egfO{ cg';f/–

egL ;fd'lxs 5nkmndf pxfn] atfpg' eof] .

13

b'ws'08 kl/jf/

lxdfnsf] sfvdf /dfO{ /xg' ePsf b'ws'08 kl/

jf/ }́ ;fgf–7"nf u/L !)# To:tf s'08x?

kfOG5 egL k|ToIfbzL{ 6]Daf z]kf{ atfpg' x'G5 .

To;f] t b'ws'08 jl/kl/ ;Ld;f/ If]q;+u

d]nvfg] If]qx? k|;:t} /x]sf] tYo If]qut

cWoog ug{ uPsf] ;dodf kfOof] . h:t},

b'ws'08b]lv ;f]´} dflyNnf] e]udf dxfs'08 5 .

To;} b'ws'08sf] k"j{ If]qdf u+uf–hd'gf

sfnf]÷e't kf]v/L k|TosIf b]Vg kfOG5 . wfld{s

dfGotf cg';f/ sfnf]÷e't kf]v/LnfO{ b'ws'08

hfbf x]g'{ /] t/ b'ws'08af6 kms{bf gx]g'{ eGg]

rng /x]5 . To;}u/L a]gL–& df kg]{ k|fs[lts

;'Gb/ b]lvg] nfKrf 5f]gf a]gL–& lgjf;L nfSkf

z]kf{ cfk'mn] To; If]qdf b'O{ j6f kf]v/L b]v]sf]

atfpg' x'G5 . ;d'Gb| ;txb]lv $,))) dL=

eGbf prfO{df cjl:yt pSt kf]v/L d+;L/–k';–

df3 dlxgfdf 5kSs lxpFn] 5f]Kg] ef}uf]lns

k|fs[lts ;'Gb/ 7fpFdf 5 . r§fg}–r§fgsf]

cGh'nL ´} cfs[lt agfO{ a;]sf] of] kf]v/L x]bf{

/d0fLo b]lvG5 .

14

nfdfsf] egfO{ cg';f/ ljleGg b]jtfx?sf] af;

a:g] o; b'ws'08 kf]v/L xf] /] egL nfSkf z]kf{n]

atfpg' eof] . o;/L If]qut cWoog e|d0f ug]{

qmddf y'k|} ;Ld;f/ If]qx? b]Vg kfOof] .

logLx?sf] cj:yf ;fy} wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf

h}ljs cWoog ug]{ sfd eg] afFsL g} 5 .

jGohGt' tyf h}ljs ljljwtf;+/If0f

lxdfnL If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ jGohGt' tyf h}ljs

ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu b'ws'08 kl/;/ clt

dxTj /x]sf] s'/f 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx?n]

atfpg' eof] . cfh ;Dd cf/f]x0f ug{ g;s]sf]

cUnf] kljq lxdfn lgDa'/ -^,(%( dL6/_ nufot

vf6s -^,*%# dL=_ / sfo{n'ª -^,^*! dL=_ lxd

>[+vnf b'ws'08sf zL/ x'g\ . pQm kljq

lxdfnsf] 5ftLdf nkSs 6fFl;Psf] wfld{s tyf

;f+:s[lts dxTjsf b'ws'08 / jl/kl/ /x]sf cGo

lxd s'08, tfn, h+un, h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/

If0fsf b[li6n] cd"No /x]sf] s'/f 6flS;Gb' af;L

cfªsfdL z]kf{n] atfpg' eof] .

clwsf+z ;do lxdkft eO{/xg] b'ws'08 /

lxdfnog ;Ld;f/ ælxd;f/Æ If]qx? k|z:t

ePsf]n] pQm e]udf jg:klt ljljwtf klg clws

/x]sf] s'/f Toxfsf afl;Gbfx? atfpb5g\ . o;}ul/

b'ws'08 ;fd'bflos jg If]q ljleGg k|hftLsf

jGohGt'x?sf] jf;:yfg / ax'd'No cf}ifwL kfO{g]

If]q xf] eGg'x'G5 pQm ;fd'bflos jgsf cWoIf

6]Djf z]kf{ .

;fd'lxs 5nkmn sfo{s|ddf ePsf ;xefuLx?n]

jGohGt'x?sf] jf;:yfg s'g If]qdf kfO{G5 egL

;|f]t gS;f agfpg' ePsf] 5 . h:t}M b'ws'08

jl/kl/ s:t'/L, 3f]/n, Ajf;f], 8fFkm], d'gfn,

Nxfªk'mlS; -pN6f]r/f_, kfgL xfF;, ltAatL -z]kf{

efiffdfM lxdfnL jg:klt k|hftL sf]/s_, ;'gkftL,

e}?ª kftL, w'kL, h+unL Rofp / cf}iflwdf k|of]u

x'g] ‰ofp sf] jf;:yfg kfO{G5 egL ;xefuLx?n]

atfpg' eof] .

kljq lxdfn lgDa'/, vf6s / sfo{n'ªsf] jIf:yndf

gfgL }́ v]nL /xg' ePsf b'ws'08 kfl/l:ylso

k|0ffnLdf ljZjaf6 nf]k x'g nfu]sf lxd lrt'jf

klg kfOG5 eGg] ts{ 5nkmn sfo{s|dsf Ps

;xefuLn] /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . k|ToIf If]qut

cWoog ug]{ qmddf ;fgf] a]gL l:yt rf}/L uf]7

/fvL a:g'ePsf z]kf{ kl/jf/ ;+u 5nkmn ug]{

df}sf kfOPsf] lyof] . jif]{ ´/L 9'+ufsf] cf8df

15

Æ

æ

agfOPsf] 3'Dt] uf]7, jl/kl/ rf}/Lx? /flvPsf] / 7"nf] s's'/ afFlwPsf] kz'kfns hLjgsf] clwsf+z

;do o:t} u/L ljtfOG5 eGg'x'G5 . afa', afh]s} kfnfb]lv kz'kfng Joj;fodf nfUg' ePsf z]kf{

bfDktL eGg'x'G5–

ÆæxfdLn] s'g}–s'g} ;dodf lxp lrt'jf -z]kf{ efiffdfM ;]u]{g÷;]df]_ b]Vg] u/]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . o;sf] af/]df

pxfx? eGg'x'G5, lxp h:t} ;]tf] zl//df sfnf]–sfnf] yf]Knf, nfdf] k'R5/ l56f] lx8\g] :jefjsf] x'G5 .´f8Ldf ;lhn} n'Sg ;Sg] lxpF lrt'jfn] Ps} ;fy w]/} ;Vofdf kz'x? dfg]{ ub{5 . lxpFdf ;fgf]–7"nf]kfOnfx? klg b]v]sf] ;D´b} cfdf / aRrf ;+u–;+u} lx8\g] /x]5 eGg'x'G5 z]kf{ bDklt .

;f]n', of;f{ af;L lgh hËj" z]kf{ cfˆgf] cu]gfsf] WjfF;f] nfu]sf] Pp6f kf]sf] -y}nf]_ af6 lxp

lrt'jfsf] Pp6f gªu|f / lgwf/sf] 5fnf b]vfpb} eGg'x'G5–

cfh eGbf 7Ls # jif{ cuf8L o;} ;dodf o; -;fgf]a]gL_ 7fpFaf6 d'lglt/ lxp lrt'jf d/]sf]lyof] . s's'/ jf :ofnn] vfP/ 5\oft–lj5\oft kf/]sf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] b]v]sf] lyof}+ . o;/L5l/Psf] x8\8L x]bf{ Tolt 7"nf] t xf]Og ;fg} lyof] xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg xfdLn] ul/of] . d}n] rflxof] lgwf/sf] 5fnf / g+u|f lnP/ cf}iflwsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug'{k5{ egL NofP/ Wjf;f]df ;'sfP//fv]sf] x'F . xfd|f gfgLx? lj/fdL ePsf] ;dodf o;af6 3/]n' cf}iflw agfpg] ul/G5 . To;}u/L kz' cflb lj/fdL k/]df cGo hl8a'l6sf ;fy of] lxpFlrt'jfsf] 5fnfsf] s]lx c+z ldnfO{lj/fdL kz'x?nfO{ v'jfpg] ul/G5 .

Ææx'g ;S5 vfg]s'/f gkfP/ cyjf s;}n] kz' df/]sf] vfg cfpF5 egL ljif /fv]sf] vfPsf] xf]ls, xfdLn] To; af/]df cg';Gwfg u/]sf] 5}g .

ufpF–3/df wfdL–´fFqmLn] lj/fdL JolQmnfO{ nufpg -k}/g_ a'6L agfpgdf o;sf] a8f] dxTj

x'G5 /] egL z]kf{ bDkltn] cfˆgf] k/Dk/fut 1fg ;'gfpg' eof] . o;/L lj/n} b]Vg kfOg] lxpF

lrt'jf v} s] sf/0f n] d/]sf] s'gL–

16

ca kz'kfng g} 5f8]/ cGoq a;fO{ hfg] ;Dd dg

eof] . ;fX} ePg egL b'ws'08df uO{ w'kaQL u/]/

gofF kz'x? lsg]/ NofO{ kfNg z'? u/] . cfh;Dd t

To:tf] 36\gf ePsf] 5}g . ut ;fn eg] Pp6f ufO{nfO{

5]s/ xfn]sf] /x]5 t/ d rfF8} k'u]5' / dfg{ kfPg .

z]kf{ bDkltsf] hLjGt sxfgLn] jGohGt', k/Dk/f,

b'ws'08;+usf] wfld{s ljZjf; / ;+/If0f lzIff a'‰g

;lsG5 .

Ps Sofg]l8Pg kj{tf/f]lxn] g]kfn / ltAat l;dfgfdf

tLg leGg k|hftLsf] lxpFlrt'jf x'g ;Sg] s'/f n'Snf

ljdfg:yndf atfP . cfˆgf] b]zdf lel8of]df Ps

lxpF lrt'jfsf] k|hftLx? b]v]sf] eGg] s'/f pxfFn]

;'gfpg' eof] . jif]{gL p g]kfn cfpg] kj{tf/f]lx /x]5 .

o;/L 5fl8Psf aRrf kz'x? lxpF lrt'jf / AjfF;f]x?n]

cfˆgf] cfxf/ agfpg] ub{5 eGg' x'G5 z]kf{ kl/jf/ .

;'Gb/ k|fs[lts h+un, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lgldQ

cg'kd If]q b'ws'08 kl/;/df kfOG5 . To:tf]

kl/l:ylso k|0ffnLdf kfOg] ;'zLn :jefjsf k+IfLx?

cfˆgf] jf;:yfg 7fGb5g\ . lxdfnsL cfdf kljq

b'ws'08sf] af/]sf cWoog ug{ cfPsf] gfgL ca e]6

xf]nf–gxf]nf eGb} ljbf ug'{ x'G5 .

d]/f] rf}/L ufO{ 7'nf] 9'+uf dfly r8L a;]sf] /x]5 .

AjfF;f]x? rfFxL rf/}tkm{af6 3]/f xfnL pQm ufO{sf]

ghLs cfpFb} /x]5 . z]kf{ bDklt cfˆgf] lxpF lrt'jf

af/] o;f] eGb} AjfF;f] Ps kN6df !@ rf}/L ufO{ dfl/

lbPsf] lttf] sxfgL ;'gfpg' x'G5 . AjfF;f] t crDd}

:jefjsf] x'G5 . xfd|f] Pstfsf !@ j6f /fd|f]–/fd|f]

rf}/L ufO{ dfl/lbof] . Tof] b]v]/ clt lj/Qm nfUof] /

egL lgh z]kf{n] eGg' eof] . cfˆgf] nfdf] ;do

kz'kfng g} o;}u/L lxdfnL e]udf latfPsf] cg'ej

;'gfpb} eGg'x'G5–

æ

Æ

xfd|f afa' afh]sf] egfO{ cg';f/ klxnf–klxnf to; 7fpFdf y'k|} kz'x? lxpF lrt'jfn] df/]/ vfg]ub{Yof] /], uf]7–uf]7} p7fpYof] /] . o;/L w]/}gf]S;fg kf/]sf] lyof] egL pxfx?n] xfdLnfO{ klguf]7fnf ug{ hfg] ;dodf /fd|f] x]g'{ k5{ egL;D´fpg' x'GYof] t/ cfhef]nL t To:tf] ;d:of5}g . s'g}–s'g} ;dodf ufpFn]x?sf] kz' lxpFlrt'jfn] vfof] /] eGg] ;'lgG5 . v} s] sf/0fxf]nf o;sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5}g ls w]/} b]lvb}g o;7fpFdf . uf]7 /fVg] dfG5] w]/} eP/ xf] ls .cfkm} vfgf gkfP/ xf]nf ls .

v'Nnf cfsfzd'lg b'w]gfgLsf] uLhaf6 pd|]sf] bft }́ b]lvg], g'Da'/ lxdfn Ûc6n, t/ xl;nf] :jfefj, cfuGt's tyf el/ofx?n] cfgGb lztn kfO/x'g\ Û Û;+/If0f lzIffsf] Hof]tL dfgj hutnfO{ j/bfg xf];\ Û Û ÛljZj tfkdfg a9\b} 5/], k|hftL, pkhftLx? nf]k x'b} 5/], hne08f/x? ;'s]/ hfFb} 5 /] ÛkUn]/ ;lsgaf6 cfk'm / c?nfO{ arfpg' xf]nfxh'/sf] jIf:yndf /x]sf] b'ws'08nfO{ ;b}+j xf]; /flv/xg' xf]nf Û

WWF Nepal acknowledges with gratitude the support received for the Freshwater Program from allour partners, donors and supporters:Government of Nepal; Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC); Department of NationalParks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC); Department of Forests (DoF); Department of PlantResources; Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS); WWF International; WWF UK;WWF US; WWF Netherlands; WWF Finland; WWF Sweden; Swedish International DevelopmentCooperation Agency (SIDA); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); and CommunityBased Organizations

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