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REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA URWEGO RW’UMUVUNYI

B. P. 6269 KIGALI

Tel. 587308/09

Fax 587182

www.ombudsman.gov.rw

ombudsinfo@ombudsman.gov.rw

DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA

UBUTAKA

Kigali, Gicurasi 2008

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AMASHAKIRO

INTANGIRIRO ..................................................................................................................... 3

UMUTWE I. IMITERERE Y’IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA .............................................. 4

I.1. MBERE Y’UBUKOLONI .................................................................................... 4

I.1.1 Ubukonde ................................................................................................................... 4

I.1.2 Igikingi ....................................................................................................................... 4

I.1.3 Inkungu ...................................................................................................................... 4

I.1.4 Gukeba ....................................................................................................................... 4

I.2 MU GIHE CY’UBUKOLONI ..................................................................................... 5

I.3.1 IMITERERE Y’IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA MURI REPUBULIKA YA MBERE .. 6

N’IYA KABIRI .................................................................................................................. 6

I.3.2 IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA NYUMA YA JENOSIDE YO MURI 1994 .................. 6

UMUTWE II. ITEGEKO NGENGA N° 08/2005 RYO KU WA 14/07/2005 RIGENA . 8

IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMICUNGIRE Y’UBUTAKA MU RWANDA ....................... 8

II.1 IBYEREKEYE AMATSINDA Y’UBUTAKA .......................................................... 8

II.1.1 UBUTAKA BWO MU MIJYI N’UBUTAKA BWO MU CYARO ........................ 8

II.1.2 UBUTAKA BW’ABANTU KU GITI CYABO ...................................................... 8

II.1.3 UBUTAKA BWA LETA ......................................................................................... 8

II.2. IBYEREKEYE IMICUNGIRE, IMITUNGANYIRIZE N’IMIKORESHEREZE .... 9

Y’UBUTAKA .................................................................................................................... 9

II.2.1 GUTANGA NO GUKODESHA UBUTAKA ......................................................... 9

II.2.2 GUTANGA NO GUKODESHA UBUTAKA BWA lETA ................................... 10

II.2.3 IYANDIKWA RY’UBUTAKA ............................................................................. 10

II.2.4 IHEREREKANYA RY’UBURENGANZIRA KU BUTAKA .............................. 10

II.2.5 UBUKODE BW’UBUTAKA BUGENEWE UBUHINZI N’UBWOROZI .......... 11

II.3 UBURENGANZIRA N’INSHINGANO BY’ABAFITE UBURENGANZIRA .... 12

KU BUTAKA .................................................................................................................. 12

II.3.1 UBURENGANZIRA ............................................................................................ 12

II.3.2 Inshingano ............................................................................................................. 13

II.4 Ibyerekeye ubuzime .................................................................................................. 14

II.5 Ingingo zihana ........................................................................................................... 14

II.5.1 Ibihano bifatwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi ................................................................... 14

II.5.2 Ibihano byo mu rwego rw’ibyaha nshinjabyaha ..................................................... 16

UMUTWE III . ITEGEKO N° 18/2007 RYO KU WA 19/04/2007 RYEREKEYE.... 17

KWIMURA ABANTU KU MPAMVU Z’ INYUNGU RUSANGE ............................... 17

III.1 Ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange ................................................................................... 17

III.2 Inzego zifite ububasha bwo kwimura abantu, ibikurikizwa , uburenganzira ........... 18

bw’abimurwa n’ubw’abimura ku mpamvu z’imirimo y’inyungu rusange ...................... 18

III.2.1 Inzego zifite ububasha bwo kwimura abantu ........................................................ 18

III.2.2 Imihango ikurikizwa ........................................................................................... 19

III.2.3 Uburenganzira bw’abimurwa n’ubw’abimura ku mpamvu z’imirimo y’inyungu 20

rusange ............................................................................................................................. 20

III.3 Guha agaciro ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho no gutanga indishyi ikwiye .................. 21

III.3.1 Guha agaciro ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho ............................................................. 21

III.3.2 Gutanga indishyi ................................................................................................... 21

Umwanzuro rusange ......................................................................................................... 24

INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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INTANGIRIRO

U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 26.338 gituwe n’abaturage 8.128.353

(MINECOFIN, Ugushyingo 2003) muri bo 90% bakaba batunzwe n’imirimo y’ubuhinzi

n’ubworozi.Ikigereranyo cy’ubutaka kuri buri muryango ni hegitari 0.60 mu gihe 25%

by’abaturage bafite hasi ya hegitari 0.5 n’abandi benshi badafite na buto.Ubwo bucucike

butuma habaho imikoreshereze mibi y’ubutaka, isuri ikabije n’igabanuka ry’uburumbuke.

Twabibutsa ko nta na rimwe u Rwanda rwigeze rugira politiki ihamye yihariye y’ubutaka,

ndetse nta n’ubwo rwigeze rugira itegeko rigenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka usibye amwe mu

mabwiriza, amenshi atari akigendanye n’igihe tugezemo kuko yari ayo ku gihe cy’ubukoloni.

Ni mu rwego rwo guca amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka no gutuma habaho uburyo bwiza

kandi burambye, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho politiki y’igihugu y’ubutaka ndetse

n’Itegeko Ngenga rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, tutibagiwe

n’itegeko ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange.

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UMUTWE I: IMITERERE Y’IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA

I.1. MBERE Y’UBUKOLONI

Ubutaka bwari ubw’umuryango kandi hakabaho ubwuzuzanye hagati y’ubuhinzi

n’ubworozi.Bwari isoko y’ubukungu bukaba n’ishingiro ry’ibikorwa byose

ntangamusaruro.Kugira uruhare ku butaka byaterwaga n’ubwisanzure bwo kuba mu

karere aka n’aka kimwe n’ubwuzuzanye mu kububyaza umusaruro.

Dore bumwe mu buryo bwari bugize iyo micungire y’ubutaka :

I.1.1 Ubukonde : yabaga ari isambu nini cyane y’umuryango yacungwaga n’umukuru

w’umuryango, yashoboraga gutuzwamo imiryango myinshi bitaga

« Abagererwa », bagiraga uburenganzira ku butaka bushingiye k’umuco

gakondo.

I.1.2 Igikingi : cyatangwaga n’umwami cyangwa umutware bitaga « Umutware

w’Umukenke », akakigabira umuryango w’aborozi.kugera ku mwaduko

w’abakoloni, kugabirwa igikingi bwari bumwe mu buryo abantu bari

baragiye babasha kubonamo ubutaka cyane cyane mu karere ko hagati

mu gihugu.

I.1.3 Inkungu : ni umuco watumaga umutware agira uburenganzira bwo kwiha

cyangwa

bwo kuba yagabira abandi bantu ubutaka butagira nyirabwo. Ubu

butaka bwabaga ari igisigara umuyobozi yashoboraga kugabira

abatabugira.

I.1.4 Gukeba : byasobanuraga gutuza abantu mu rwuri cyangwa mu isambu isanzwe.

Gukeba, bitaga ubundi « kugaba » byakorwaga gusa n’umuyobozi

w’ahagombaga gutuzwa abantu.

Uburenganzira ku butaka bwarubahirizwaga kandi bugahererekanywa hagati y’ibisekuru

hakurikijwe uko umuco gakondo wabiteganyaga. Ubwo burenganzira bukaba

bwaratangwaga mu izina ry ’umwami ari nawe wari nyirabwo mu rwego rw’ikirenga

akanagira inshingano yo kwita ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage.Ubwo nibwo buryo bwari

bwemewe n’umuco n’ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihe, ni nabwo abakoloni basanze, nyuma haza

kwiyongeraho ubundi buryo bw’imicungire y’ubutaka bushingiye ku mategeko yanditse.

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I.2 MU GIHE CY’UBUKOLONI

Umwaduko w ’abakoloni wazanye impinduka mu muco w’abanyarwanda winjizamo

ibintu byinshi by’amahanga bihindagura ibyari bisanzwe ndetse binagoreka ibyari byiza

mu Rwanda.

Ubukoloni bwadukanye amategeko yanditswe dusanga mu bitabo byiswe « Codes et lois

du Rwanda », by’umwihariko, ayo mategeko akaba yari agamije kurengera inyungu

z’abakoloni n’iz’abashoramari b’abanyamahanga mu mikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’u

Rwanda.

Ubuyobozi bwa gikoloni kandi bwashyize mu bikorwa icyemezo cyo mu mwaka w’1885

kirebana n’uko ubutaka butangwa.

Ubutaka bufite ba nyirabwo bwakomeje gucungwa mu buryo bwa gakondo, mu gihe

abakoloni n’abanyamahanga gusa aribo bonyine bagize amahirwe yo kugengwa

n’amategeko yanditse.

Kubera ubucucike bukabije bw’abaturage no gushaka gukonda ubutaka bushya, ubutegetsi

bwa gikoloni bwashyizeho uburyo bushya bw’imiturire bise « paysannats ». Ni uburyo

bujya gusa no « gukeba » kwa gakondo.Iyi miturire mishya yakoreshejwe mu turere

tukirangwamo inzuri n’ahandi hakiri ibisigara, buri rugo rugahabwa isambu ingana na

hegitari 2 hagamijwe guteza imbere ibihingwa ngengabukungu nk’ikawa mu karere

k’Amayaga n’ipamba mu karere k’Ubugarama.

Nyuma y’ikurwaho ry’ubuhake n’ibikingi, ubwo buryo bushya bwatumye haboneka

amasambu atubatse yo guhinga mu mwanya w’inzuri.Ubu buryo kandi bwashyizeho

umurongo mushya w’iterambere ry’Igihugu rishingiye ku buhinzi gusa, ubwuzuzanye

bwari hagati y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi burasenyuka.

Hagati y’imyaka y’1952 n’1954, umwami Mutara III RUDAHIGWA yakuyeho ubukonde

mu Gihugu, ategeka « abakonde » bose kugabana imitungo yabo y’ubutaka n’

« abagererwa » babo.

I.3 NYUMA Y’UBWIGENGE

Ugereranyije n’igihe cy’ubukoloni, nta cyahindutse kigaragara.Ibice 90% by’ubutaka

buhingwa byakomeje kugengwa n’umuco gakondo.Itegeko ryanditse rigenga ubutaka

ryakomeje kuba umwihariko w’abantu bacye n’imiryango y’abihaye Imana.Iryo tegeko

usanga rikoreshwa cyane mu mijyi no mu duce dukoreramo imirimo y’ubucuruzi.

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I.3.1 IMITERERE Y’IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA MURI REPUBULIKA YA MBERE

N’IYA KABIRI

Nyuma y’ubwigenge, amakomini yahawe uruhare rukomeye mu micungire

y’ubutaka.Itegeko rigena amakomini ryo ku wa 23/11/1963, riteganya ko kubahiriza

uburenganzira ku butaka bwabaruwe hashingiwe ku mategeko gakondo bibazwa

Komini.Ni muri urwo rwego uburyo buteganywa muri iryo tegeko bwaje gukurwaho

n’Itegeko-teka N° 09/79 rigena uburyo bwo kugura no kugurisha ubutaka bwa gakondo.

Kuva mu 1959, ubutaka bwabaye isoko y’amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’abaturage

kubera impamvu za politiki, ni nacyo gihe hagaragaye impnzi za mbere zahunze zitaye

amasambu n’indi mitungo itimukanwa yazo.Icyo gihe ubutaka bw’izo mpunzi

bwaratanzwe, akaba ari yo ntandaro y’ibibazo n’ubu duhangana nabyo nyuma ya jenoside.

Mu mwaka w’1976, Itegeko-teka N° 09/76 ryo ku wa 4/03/1976 rigena uburyo bwo

kugura cyangwa kugurisha ubutaka gakondo cyangwa ubwo umuntu yubatsemo bisaba

kugira uburenganzira ahabwa n’ubuyobozi bubishinzwe kandi agasabwa gusigarana

nibura hegitari 2.Ugura yagombaga kugaragaza ko nta sambu yari asanganywe nibura

ingana na hegitari 2.Uhereye icyo gihe, Leta yatangiye kwemera gusa amasambu

yandikishijwe bityo iherako iba nyir’ubutaka ku mugaragaro.Ni muri icyo gihe kandi

habayeho abimukira benshi bagiye batuzwa mu turere twari tugifite ubutaka cyane cyane

bava mu turere dutuwe cyane (Ruhengeri, Gisenyi, Gikongoro, Kibuye) berekeza mu

turere tujya kuba ubutayu tw’iburasirazuba (Umutara, Kibungo, Ubugesera n’Amayaga).

Mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 80, nta masambu mashya yari akiboneka maze ibibazo

bitagira ingano bitangira kuvuka: igabanuka ry’ubunini n’uburumbuke bw’imirima,

amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka hagati y’imiryango, inzara n’ibindi.Anketi mu

by’ubuhinzi yakozwe icyo gihe yerekanye ko impuzandengo y’ubuso bw’umurima ku

muryango yavuye kuri hegitari 2 mu mwaka w’1960 igera kuri hegitari 1.2 mu mwaka

w’1984.

I.3.2 IKIBAZO CY’UBUTAKA NYUMA YA JENOSIDE YO MU 1994

Jenoside n’ubwicanyi byabaye kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994 byahitanye

abantu barenga miliyoni.Habayeho kandi itahuka ry’impunzi zo muri 1959 ziza zisanga

ibibazo bikomeye byatewe na jenoside birimo imfubyi, abapfakazi, impunzi hanze

n’imbere mu Gihugu, ubukungu n’ubuzima bw’Igihugu muri rusange byarasenyutse.

Ingingo ya 3 n’iya 4 y’Amasezerano ya Arusha zasabaga Leta y’u Rwanda gushakira

impunzi ubutaka bwo guturaho kandi, kugira ngo hatabaho ikibazo mu rwego

rw’imibanire n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda, hagiwe inama ko batari kwishyuza

ibyabo.Nyamara ingingo ya 4 yemeraga ihame ko umutungo w’umuntu utavogerwa.Urwo

rujijo rw’iyo ngingo hamwe no kuba Amasezerano ya Arusha atarabashije gushyirwa mu

bikorwa neza byateye ibibazo byinshi aho ubutaka bumwe bwabaga bufite imiryango

irenga umwe yerekana ko ibufiteho uburenganzira.Ibi byatumye hafatwa ingamba nshya

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zo gusaranganya amasambu cyane cyane mu turere twakiriye abatahutse benshi (Kibungo,

Bugesera, Umutara,…) .

Mu buryo bw’agateganyo, bamwe mu mpunzi zo mu w’1959 bagiye mu masambu atari

afite ba nyirayo icyo gihe.Ibi byaje gutuma hajyaho itegeko ryo mu 1996 riteganya

imicungire y’agateganyo y’amasambu adafite ba nyirayo.Abandi bafashe amasambu

y’amadini, abandi bafata ibisigara bya Leta kugira ngo babone aho batura

n’ibibatunga.Ahatuwe muri ubwo buryo twavuga nko mu Mutara aho 2/3 bya Parike

y’Akagera, ishyamba rya Gishwati, imirima imwe yari iy’ibigo bya Leta n’ibisigara mu

turere dutandukanye.

Kuri ubu u Rwanda rukaba rufite Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2007

rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda.

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UMUTWE II: ITEGEKO NGENGA N° 08/2005 RYO KU WA 14/07/2005 RIGENA

IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMICUNGIRE Y’UBUTAKA MU RWANDA

Ubutaka bw’Igihugu bubarirwa mu mutungo rusange w’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda bose;

abakurambere, abariho, n’abazavuka.

Uretse uburenganzira abantu bemerewe, Leta niyo ifite ububasha bw’ikirenga bwo

gucunga ubutaka bwose bw’Igihugu, ikaba ibikora ku nyungu ya bose kandi igamije

amajyambere nyayo mu by’ubukungu no mu by’imibereho myiza hakurikijwe uburyo

buteganywa n’amategeko.

II.1 IBYEREKEYE AMATSINDA Y’UBUTAKA

II.1.1 UBUTAKA BWO MU MIJYI N’UBUTAKA BWO MU CYARO

Ubutaka bwo mu mijyi ni ubutaka bukubiye mu mbago z’imijyi zishyirwaho n’itegeko.

Iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika rigena ubundi butaka bufatwa nk’ubwo mu mijyi buri

mu nkengero z’imijyi no mu midugudu. Ubundi butaka busigaye ni ubutaka bwo mu

cyaro.

II.1.2 UBUTAKA BW’ABANTU KU GITI CYABO

Bugizwe n’ubutaka batunze mu buryo buhuje n’umuco, ubwo batunze mu buryo bujyanye

n'amategeko yanditse butari mu butaka bwa Leta cyangwa bw’Akarere, Umujyi n’Umujyi

wa Kigali, ubwo bahawe n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha, ubwo baguze, impano,

ingurane n’isaranganya.

II.1.3 UBUTAKA BWA LETA

a. Ubutaka bwa Leta bugize umutungo rusange

Bugizwe n’ubutaka bwose bugenewe gukoreshwa na bose cyangwa se ubwo inzego

z’imirimo ya leta zikoreraho kimwe n’ubutaka bw’igihugu bugenewe kurinda ibidukikije.

b. Ubutaka bwite bwa Leta

Ubutaka bwite bwa Leta bugizwe n’ubutaka bwose butabarirwa mu butaka bwa Leta

bugenewe ibikorwa rusange, n’ubutaka butari ubw’Uturere, ubw’Umujyi wa Kigali

n’Imijyi ntibube n’ubw’abantu ku giti cyabo.

Indeka n’ibisigara bitagira undi muntu n’umwe ubifiteho uburenganzira, bibarwa mu

butaka bwite bwa Leta. Bikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’amajyambere, mu bikorwa

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binyuranye birebana n’imitunganyirize rusange y’Igihugu no mu guhabwa abantu batagira

ubutaka, bavukijwe uburenganzira bwabo ku butaka.

Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze ashobora guha ububasha ubuyobozi bw’Akarere,

ubw’Umujyi cyangwa ubw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwo gucunga ubwo butaka.

I.1.4 Ubutaka bw’Akarere n’ubw’Umujyi

Ubutaka bw’Akarere n’ubw’Umujyi, bugizwe n’ubutaka bugenewe ibikorwa rusange

by’Akarere n’Umujyi n’ubutaka bwite bwabyo. Leta ishobora kugenera Akarere cyangwa

Umujyi impano y’ubutaka, bwaba ubugenewe ibikorwa rusange cyangwa se bwaba

ubutaka bwabyo bwite. Imijyi n’uturere kandi bishobora kubona ubutaka bibuguze

cyangwa se bukomotse ku mpano z’abantu cyangwa se iz’amashyirahamwe, ubwo butaka

bukinjira mu butaka bw’Akarere cyangwa bw’Umujyi bugenewe ibikorwa rusange

cyangwa mu butaka bwite bw’Akarere cyangwa bw’Umujyi.

II.2. IBYEREKEYE IMICUNGIRE, IMITUNGANYIRIZE N’IMIKORESHEREZE

Y’UBUTAKA

Mu rwego rw’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka bw’Igihugu, hashyirwaho imbonerahamwe

y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ku buryo buboneye, haba mu miturire, mu buhinzi, mu gutera

amashyamba, mu bworozi, ahakorerwa imirimo y’inganda n’imirimo rusange ya Leta, za

pariki, ahari ibiyaga n’imigezi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi, ahari ibishanga

n’ahandi hari umutungo kamere ukomye.

Hagamijwe inyungu rusange no kubyaza ubutaka bw’icyaro ubukungu butubutse

kurushaho, minisitiri ufite ubuhinzi mu nshingano ze afatanyije n’ubuyobozi, n’abaturage

bireba, ashobora kwemeza ko amasambu ahuzwa mu rwego rwo kubyazwa umusaruro.

Buri muturage agumana uburenganzira ku gice kigize ubutaka bwe.

Bitabangamiye ibivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, birabujijwe kugabanya

ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bwa hegitari imwe cyangwa buri munsi ya

hegitari imwe. Na none, ubutaka buri hagati ya hegitari imwe na hegitari eshanu

bushobora gukatwa ari uko nyir’ubutaka abiherewe uburenganzira na Komisiyo ishinzwe

ubutaka ku rwego bubarizwaho.

II.2.1 GUTANGA NO GUKODESHA UBUTAKA

Ubutaka bwose iyo butanzwe, nyir’ukubuhabwa yubahiriza gahunda y’imicungire,

imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka nk’uko yemejwe n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye

ububasha.Uburenganzira bwo gutunga ubutaka butangwa na Leta ku buryo bw’ubukode.

Igihe cy’ubukode bw’ubutaka ntigishobora kujya munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) cyangwa ngo

kirenze imyaka mirongo icyenda n’icyenda (99). Icyo gihe gishobora kongerwa. Umubare

nyakuri w’imyaka y’ubukode bw’ubutaka igenwa n’Iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika

hakurikijwe icyo ubwo butaka bugenewe gukoreshwa.

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Kwemeza ko ubutaka butanzwe cyangwa bukodeshejwe ku buryo burambye bigaragazwa

n’icyemezo gihamya iyandikwa ry’ubutaka gitangwa n’umubitsi w’impapuro-mpamo

z’ubutaka.

II.2.2 GUTANGA NO GUKODESHA UBUTAKA BWA lETA

Ibyubahirizwa mu gutanga cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bw’Akarere, ubw’Umujyi

n’ubw’Umujyi wa Kigali n’ubw’ibigo bya Leta bifite ubuzima gatozi, ahacukurwa amabuye

y’agaciro na kariyeri, bigenwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze .

Ubutaka bwo mu bishanga ni ubwa Leta. Ntibushobora kwegurirwa burundu abantu ku giti

cyabo kandi nta wushobora kwitwaza ko abumaranye igihe kirekire ngo abwegukane.

Minisitiri ufite ibidukikije mu nshingano ze ashyiraho Iteka ryemeza uburyo ubutaka bwo mu

bishanga bugomba gucungwa, gutunganywa no gukoreshwa.

II.2.3 IYANDIKWA RY’UBUTAKA

Kwandikisha ubutaka abantu batunze ni itegeko. Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu

nshingano ze risobanura uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa.

Bitabangamiye amategeko yihariye agenga imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka buri mu

mbago z’imijyi, hashyizweho ibiro by’ubutaka mu rwego rwa buri Karere n’Umujyi

bishinzwe kwandika ubutaka.

Ibyo Biro biyoborwa n’umukozi witwa Umukuru w’Ibiro by’Ubutaka akabika ibitabo

by’ubutaka akanatanga ibyemezo bihamya nyir’uburenganzira ku butaka. Mu birebana

n’ubutaka, afite ububasha bwa Noteri.

II.2.4 IHEREREKANYA RY’UBURENGANZIRA KU BUTAKA

Bitabangamiye ibyerekeye ubuso bw’ubutaka budashobora kugabanywa, ubutaka ni

umutungo utimukanwa uri mu rutonde rw’imitungo izungurwa. Izungura ry’umutungo

w’ubutaka riremewe kandi rikorwa hakurikijwe imihango y’izungura iteganywa n’itegeko

rigenga izungura.

Uburenganzira bushingiye ku mutungo w’ubutaka bushobora guhererekanywa hagati

y’abantu cyangwa se bugatangwa hakurikijwe izungura; bushobora gutangirwa ubuntu,

gukodeshwa cyangwa kugurishwa; bushobora gutangwaho ingwate, hakurikijwe

ibyangombwa n’uburyo biteganywa n’amategeko mbonezamubano asanzwe.

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Gutanga burundu uburenganzira ku butaka, nko kubugurisha, kubutangira ubuntu cyangwa

kubugurana, bikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango (abashakanye ku buryo bwemewe

n’amategeko, abana bagejeje ku myaka y’ubukure, abana bato batarageza kuri iyo myaka

babihagarariwemo n’abashinzwe kubarera n’abandi badashoboye bahagarariwe n’abishingizi

babo ); bigomba kubanza kwemerwa n’abagize umuryango bose basangiye ubwo

burenganzira.

Uku kwemerwa kugaragazwa n’inyandiko yashyizweho umukono w’abarebwa n’icyo kibazo

cyangwa bateyeho igikumwe, bikorewe imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere cyangwa

imbere y’Umukuru w’Ibiro by’Ubutaka akanabyandika mu bitabo bye. Uku kwemerwa kandi

ni ngombwa no mu gihe hagomba gutangwa ingwate ku butaka, ubukode ku butaka,

ukwatisha kw’igihe kirekire cyangwa se mu gihe habayeho ubwumvikane ku burenganzira

bwo gukoresha ubutaka bw’undi bitewe n’imiterere yabwo.

II.2.5 UBUKODE BW’UBUTAKA BUGENEWE UBUHINZI N’UBWOROZI

Aha havanywemo ibyerekeranye n’amashyamba kuko bigengwa n’amategeko

yihariye.Ubukode bwanditse nibwo bwonyine bwemewe kandi burengerwa n’itegeko, uko

igiciro cyabwo cyaba kingana kose

Ubukode burangira ku bw’itegeko iyo igihe cyateganyijwe gishize, bitarindiriye ko hatangwa

integuza. Iyo igihe cy’ubukode bufite igihe kizwi buzamara kirangiye, umukode akaguma ku

butaka yakodesheje, nyir’ugukodesha ntabyange kandi ataramuhaye integuza, ubukode buba

bukomeje mu ngingo zimwe nk’iza mbere, ndetse no ku byerekeye igihe buzamara,

bitagombye indi mihango hagati y’abagiranye amasezerano.

Iyo hatanzwe integuza, umukode ntashobora kwitwaza ko amasezerano yakomeje ku bwayo

iyo igihe yagombaga kurangirira kirenze n’ubwo yaba yarakomeje kubukoresha bwose.

Icyakora, hakurikijwe ibimaze kuvugwa mu gika cya 2, ubwishingire bw’ubukode

ntibukomezanya n’inshingano zikomotse kw’iryo yongera ry’igihe ritakorewe indi mihango

yihariye.

N’ubwo amasezerano yaba yarateganyije igihe azamara, nyir’ugukodesha ashobora igihe

cyose kuyasesa, abanje gutanga integuza bishingiye ku masezerano bagiranye.Igihe

cy’integuza kigeze umukode atarasarura ibye, nyir’ugukodesha amuha igihe cyo kubisarura,

atakubahiriza amasezerano, akamugenera indishyi ikwiye nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko.

Umukode nta burenganzira afite bwo gukodesha abandi bantu cyangwa bwo kwegurira

ubukode undi muntu atabyemerewe mu nyandiko na nyir’ubutaka wakodesheje.

Nyir’ugukodesha ntiyishingira amahane abandi bantu bashobora kuzana ku mukode, mu gihe

nta n’uburenganzira baba bakurikiranye kuri ubwo butaka ; umukode ni we, ku giti cye,

ugomba kubiregera mu nzego zibifitiye ububasha.

Umukode ariko ategetswe kumenyesha nyir’ugukodesha ibikorwa byose bigamije

kwamburwa ubutaka cyangwa kuburengera, mu gihe cyateganyirijwe ihamagarwa

ry’ababuranyi mu rukiko ; mu gihe atabikoze, akurikiranwaho indishyi z’akababaro,

akanariha ibyangiritse.

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Iyo umukode apfuye, amasezerano y’ubukode akomezanya ku bw’itegeko n’abagomba

kumuzungura cyangwa n’abandi bafite uburenganzira ku bye. Abazungura cyangwa abafite

uburenganzira ku by’umukode wapfuye bashobora, mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe (1) uhereye

igihe yapfiriye, gusesa amasezerano ariko babanje gutanga integuza nibura y’amezi atatu (3).

Nyir’ugukodesha ntashobora gusezerera abazungura umukode wapfuye cyangwa abandi

bafite uburenganzira mu bye igihe ubukode bugomba kurangirira kitaragera keretse gusa mu

gihe ubwo bubasha bwaba bwarateganyijwe ku buryo butaziguye mu masezerano y’ubukode.

Abazungura n’abafite uburenganzira ku mutungo w’umukode wapfuye bagomba kumenyesha

nyir’ugukodesha ukomeza ubukode. Mu gihe cyose bataramumenyesha icyemezo cyafashwe,

bagomba gufatanya kumwishyura, batitaye kuri uyu n’uyu. Inshingano zivutse nyuma

y’imenyesha ry’icyemezo cyafashwe zibazwa ugomba gukomeza ubukode.

Umukode ategetswe kwita ku bikorwa binyuranye byagenewe gufata neza ubutaka biri ku

butaka akodesha.

Imanza zose zivutse ku butaka ziregerwa inkiko zibifitiye ububasha kandi mu buryo

buteganywa n’amategeko ariko mbere y’uko ikirego gishyikirizwa Urukiko, ababuranyi

bombi bategekwa kubanza gushakira ikibazo cyabo umuti muri Komite y’Abunzi ku rwego

rw’Umurenge. Ibi bireba ubutaka budafite impapurompamo.

II.3 UBURENGANZIRA N’INSHINGANO BY’ABAFITE UBURENGANZIRA

KU BUTAKA

II.3.1 UBURENGANZIRA

Atabangamiye amategeko y’imiturire n’ay’imitunganyirize rusange n’imikoreshereze

y’ubutaka, nyir’ubutaka afite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ubutaka bwe mu buryo

bwubahiriza amategeko, ariko nta burenganzira na buke afite ku mabuye y’agaciro no ku

wundi mutungo kamere biri munsi y’ubutaka bwe; ni ibya Leta. Icyakora yemererwa mbere

y’abandi mu kubona uburenganzira bwo kubicukura iyo abisabye kandi abishoboye. Leta

yishingira ko nyir’ubutaka abutunga mu mudendezo kandi ikamurinda kubwamburwa ku

maherere, bwaba bwose cyangwa se igice cyabwo.

Inyubako zose, ibihingwa n’ibikorwa biri ku butaka byitwa ko byakozwe na nyir’ubwo butaka

ku mafaranga ye cyangwa ku bundi buryo kandi ko ari ibye mu gihe nta kindi kimenyetso

kiboneka cyo kubivuguruza. Icyakora, ibyo ntibibuza ko undi muntu ashobora kugira

umutungo w’inyubako, uw’ibihingwa cyangwa uw’ibindi bikorwa ku butaka bw’abandi mu

buryo buteganywa n’amategeko.

Iyo ibyubatswe cyangwa ibihingwa byakozwe n’umuntu ku butaka butari ubwe ku buryo

butemewe n’amategeko, nyir’ubutaka afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko uwabikoze

abikuraho, bitabujije ko nyir’ubutaka yahabwa indishyi mbonezamusaruro mu gihe hari icyo

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byamwangirije. Niba nyir’ubutaka yiyemeje kugumana izo nyubako cyangwa ibyo bihingwa,

agomba kuriha igiciro cyabyo cyose.

II.3.2 Inshingano

Amasezerano yo guha abantu uburenganzira ku butaka ateganya ibigomba kuzuzwa byihariye

byerekeranye no kubufata neza no kububyaza umusaruro hakurikijwe icyo bugenewe

gukoreshwa.

Uretse igihe bigaragara ko ari ngombwa, nyir’ubutaka ntagomba kubangamira uburenganzira

bw’abandi. Bityo ntashobora nko:

1° kwima abaturanyi be inzira igera mu kwabo mu gihe nta handi bashobora kunyura ;

2° kubuza ko amazi ku bwa kamere anyura mu butaka bwe avuye mu bw’abandi buri

haruguru y’ubwe;

3° kubuza abandi kuvoma ku iriba riri ku butaka bwe, keretse ashoboye kwerekana ko

iryo riba ari we ubwe waryicukuriye cyangwa waryiyubakishirije.

Umuntu wese ku giti cye, utunze ubutaka, agomba kubukoresha mu buryo bwongera agaciro

kabwo akurikije kamere yabwo n’icyo bwagenewe kandi umuntu wese ukoresha ubutaka

bw’undi, yaba ashingiye ku masezerano yagiranye na nyirabwo cyangwa se yaba yarabutijwe

ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ategetswe kubufata neza no kububyaza umusaruro.

Bwitwa ko bufashwe neza kandi ko bubyazwa umusaruro, ubutaka bwatunganyijwe buriho

ibihingwa cyangwa inyubako, uburiho amashyamba ku buryo butangiza ibidukikije, ubuhinge

bwateguriwe guterwamo imyaka, ubutaka bumaze gusarurwamo imyaka bwarajwe mu gihe

kitarenze imyaka itatu (3), ubumaze gusarurwamo imyaka, kimwe n’inzuri abantu baragiramo

amatungo akwiriye haba ku giti cyabo, haba mu mashyirahamwe cyangwa se imiryango ifite

ubuzima gatozi.

Ntibushobora kwitwa ko bufashwe neza kandi bubyazwa umusaruro:

1° ubutaka butarinzwe isuri;

2° ubutaka bwagenewe guhingwa, butarimo imyaka cyangwa ibindi bihingwa nibura

kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri (½) cy’ubuso bwabwo ;

3° ubutaka bwagenewe urwuri, butaragirwamo amatungo mu buryo bukwiye cyangwa se

budateyeho ubwatsi bw’amatungo kugeza nibura kuri kimwe cya kabiri (½) cy’ubuso

bwabwo;

4° ubutaka bwagenewe inyubako izo ari zo zose, ariko izo nyubako zikaba zitarubatswe

mu gihe giteganyijwe n’amategeko;

5° ubutaka bwagenewe ibikorwa bitagamije inyungu, ariko hagashira imyaka itatu (3)

ibyo bikorwa bitaratangira.

Gutera imbago, kuzungurutsa inkuta cyangwa uruzitiro ubutaka, ubwabyo byonyine ntibyitwa

ko ari ukubufata neza ku buryo buhagije no kububyaza umusaruro ugaragara. Ibikubiye muri

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gahunda y’imitunganyirize rusange n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’Igihugu bigomba iteka

kubahirizwa, byaba byarateganyijwe mbere y’uko amasezerano akorwa cyangwa se mu gihe

arimo gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Nyir’ubutaka ntashobora kubuza ibikorwa mu kuzimu cyangwa hejuru mu kirere cy’ubutaka

bwe bigamije inyungu rusange. Iyo ibyo bikorwa bimuteye igihombo abibonera indishyi

ikwiye. Nyir’ubutaka afite inshingano yo gutanga umusoro w’ubutaka ugenwa n’itegeko

ryihariye.

II.4 Ibyerekeye ubuzime

Mu byerekeranye n’ubutaka, uburenganzira bwo kubukurikirana ko uri nyirabwo buzima

hashize imyaka mirongo itatu (30). Abihaye ku ngufu cyangwa ku buriganya ubutaka

bw’indeka n’inkungu cyangwa bigabije ubutaka bw’abandi, ntibashobora kwitwaza inyungu

zikomoka ku buzime ngo bavuge ko uburenganzira bwo kubukurikirana butakiriho, bwazimye

cyangwa ko babwegukanye burundu, kabone n’iyo baba babumaranye igihe kirenga

icy’ubuzime.

Abatunze iby’abandi, baba abatijwe ubutaka bwo gukoresha cyangwa abatijwe amazu yo

guturamo ari kuri ubwo butaka, ntibashobora kubwegukana burundu ku mpamvu y’ubuzime,

uko igihe babumaranye cyaba kingana kose. Ubwo butaka bujya mu mutungo bwite wa Leta.

Hagati y’abagize umuryango umwe, nta buzime bw’uburenganzira bubaho mu muryango. Iyo

umuntu yazimiye, kabone n’iyo yamara igihe kirekire cyane, aho yabonekera hose

yakurikirana uburenganzira bwe hakurikijwe amategeko mbonezamubano agenga umuryango.

II.5 Ingingo zihana

II.5.1 Ibihano bifatwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi

a. Gufatira ubutaka bwangirika n’ubutabyajwe umusaruro

Komisiyo y’ubutaka, ku rwego rw’Akarere cyangwa urw’Umujyi, igenzura buri gihe ko

ubutaka bw’abantu ku giti cyabo n’ubukodeshwa bwo mu Karere n’ubw’Umujyi bufashwe

neza kandi bubyazwa umusaruro. Buri mwaka iyo Komisiyo iha raporo Umuyobozi

w’Akarere kuri iryo genzura, ikanayoherereza Abayobozi bafite ububasha bwo gutanga

cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwo mu mutungo bwite wa Leta.

Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze cyangwa se undi wese ufite ububasha bwo gutanga

cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwo mu mutungo bwite wa Leta, amaze kumva icyo Komisiyo

y’ubutaka ibishinzwe ibivugaho, yemerewe, mu gihe bigaragara ko ubutaka bumaze imyaka

itatu (3) yikurikiranyije budakoreshwa nta n’impamvu yumvikana ibitera, gutegeka ko

bufatirwa mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu (3) gishobora kongerwaho indi itatu (3).

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Hafatirwa gusa igice cy’ubutaka kitabyajwe umusaruro cyangwa cyangirika ariko,

nyir’ubutaka cyangwa uwagombaga kubukoresha abanje kwihanangirizwa mu nyandiko

ishinganye cyangwa ifite gihamya ko yakiriwe yashyikirijwe nibura mbere y’amezi atandatu

(6) y’ifatira nyirizina, ariko akaba yaranangiye.

Ubutaka bwafatiriwe bushobora kuragizwa undi muntu ubisabye akanagaragaza ko ashoboye

kubukoresha neza no kububyaza umusaruro. Iyo nta muntu ubonetse, Akarere cyangwa

Umujyi ubwo butaka buherereyemo bigomba kubwitaho no kububyaza umusaruro.

b. Kwamburwa ubutaka bwari bwafatiriwe

Kwamburwa burundu ubutaka byemezwa na Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze, amaze

kumva icyo Komisiyo y’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Igihugu ibivugaho.

Icyemezo cyo kwamburwa ubutaka ntigishobora gufatwa nyir’ubutaka atabanje

kwihanangirizwa mu nyandiko ishinganye cyangwa ifite gihamya ko yakiriwe igomba

kubimumenyesha nibura amezi atandatu (6) mbere yo kubumwambura.

Iyo kandi nyir’ubutaka adashoboye kuboneka, inyandiko yihanangiriza, ihabwa ubukoresha

muri icyo gihe kandi ikamanikwa ku biro by’Akarere, iby’Umujyi cyangwa iby’Umujyi wa

Kigali n’iby’Umurenge by’aho ubwo butaka buherereye mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6)

ateganywa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.

Inyandiko yihanangiriza igaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywa impamvu icyemezo kigiye

gufatwa gishingiyeho, n’umunsi kudakoresha ubutaka burebwa nacyo byatangiye

kugaragariraho.

c. Gusubizwa ubutaka bwari bwafatiriwe

Gusubiza ubutaka bwafatiriwe bikurikiza imihango imwe nk’iyo byanyuzemo bufatirwa,

bikanemezwa n’ubuyobozi bufite ububasha bwo gutegeka ko bufatirwa. Gusaba gusubizwa

ubutaka bwari bwarafatiriwe cyangwa se kwiyemeza undi mugambi mwiza bitewe no

kwihanangirizwa kubanziriza kwamburwa ubutaka bikorwa mu nyandiko igaragaza ingamba

nshya zo kuzabubyaza umusaruro n’uburyo ubisaba afite bwo guhita yongera gukoresha no

kwita kuri ubwo butaka kandi akabikomeza mu buryo buboneye.

Iyo nyandiko igomba kuba yageze ku buyobozi bwafatiriye ubutaka cyangwa uwohereje

inyandiko yihanangiriza mbere y’uko igihe giteganywa kirangira niba ubutaka bwarafatiriwe.

Ni nako bigenda mbere y’uko amezi atandatu (6) ashira mu gihe habayeho kwihanangirizwa

mbere yo kwamburwa ubutaka.Ubuyobozi busuzuma ibyo byifuzo bukurikije aho ubwo

butaka bwafatiriwe cyangwa bushobora kwamburwa buri bunahereye no ku mpamvu za buri

cyifuzo, bukacyemera niba bubona gifite ireme cyangwa bukacyanga niba bubona ntaho

gishingiye.

Mu gihe ubuyobozi bwanze icyo cyifuzo, icyemezo gifashwe kigaragaza impamvu

gishingiyeho n’ibikubiye mu bitekerezo n’inama byatanzwe, nyir’ubwite kireba

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akamenyeshwa ko afite uburenganzira bwo kukijuririra mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha mu

gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu (6). Nta ndishyi z’akababaro zishobora gutangwa ku

bw’isubizwa ry’ubutaka bwari bwarafatiriwe.

Iyo ubutaka bushyizwe mu maboko y’undi muntu bigomba kwandikwa mu bitabo

by’ubutaka, bitaba ibyo ntihabe hagira ubyitwaza imbere y’abandi bantu cyangwa se imbere

ya nyirabwo. Kugira ngo nyir’ubutaka abusubirane, abihabwa n’ubuyobozi bwabufatiriye

hashize igihe kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) kuva umunsi bwafatiriweho. Iyo abusubiranye,

ibikorwa uwari wahawe ubutaka yakozemo byegukanwa na nyirabwo nta ndishyi abitangiye.

Icyakora, uwari wahawe ubutaka abanza guhabwa integuza y’amezi atandatu (6) mbere yo

kubusubiza nyirabwo.

II.5.2 Ibihano byo mu rwego rw’ibyaha nshinjabyaha

Bitabangamiye ibihano birushijeho gukomera byateganyijwe n’Igitabo cy’Amategeko Ahana,

azahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kuva ku myaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10)

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000 Frw) kugeza kuri

miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) cyangwa se kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano :

1° umubitsi w’inyandiko z’ubutaka warenze ku itegeko ku byerekeye kubika neza ibitabo

by’inyandiko z’ubutaka no gutanga inyandiko z’ubutaka ;

2° ukoresha inyandiko z’ubutaka, zibwe, zahinduwe ukundi ku mayeri cyangwa

zarashyizwemo amakosa kandi abizi ;

3° uwangije cyangwa ugize ukundi ahindura inyandiko z’ubutaka ;

4° umutangabuhamya wahamije ibyavuzwe cyangwa ibyakozwe kandi azi ko ari

ibinyoma ;

5° umuntu ushyikiriza umubitsi inyandiko z’ubutaka, umwirondoro n’ubushobozi bw’abo

bireba bose, azi ko atari byo kandi agamije kwandikisha inyandiko z’ubutaka.

Umuntu wese ubangamira uburenganzira bw’abandi cyangwa akabuza ibikorwa mu kuzimu

cyangwa hejuru mu kirere cy’ubutaka bwe bigamije inyungu rusange,nk’uko biteganywa n’iri

tegeko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kuva ku minsi irindwi (7) kugeza ku mezi atandatu (6)

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) kugeza ku

bihumbi ijana (100.000 Frw) cyangwa se kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Ategekwa kandi

gukora ibyo atubahirije.

Aha twabibutsa ko abitwa abagererwa batujwe n’umukonde ku butaka bahinga ubu cyangwa

bakoresha mu bundi buryo bafatwa kimwe nk’abandi baturage bose bakomora ubutaka

barimo ku bw’umuco kandi ko abantu bavukijwe uburenganzira bwabo ku butaka,

Leta ifite inshingano zo kubabonera ubundi butaka.Abaturage batunze ubwo butaka

babufitiye uburenganzira kimwe nk’abandi bose bakomora ubutaka bariho ku bw’umuco.

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UMUTWE III : ITEGEKO N° 18/2007 RYO KU WA 19/04/2007 RYEREKEYE

KWIMURA ABANTU KU MPAMVU Z’ INYUNGU RUSANGE

Iri tegeko rigena uburyo bwo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange.Aha

twabibutsa ko igikorwa cy’inyungu rusange ari igikorwa cyaba icua Leta, icy’ibigo bya

Leta, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, amashyirahamwe yemewe n’amategeko akorera mu

Gihugu cyangwa icy’umuntu bwite, kikaba gifitiye akamaro abantu benshi.

Leta ni yo yonyine ishobora gutegeka kwimura ku mpamvu z’ibikorwa by’inyungu

rusange kandi kwimura abantu bikorwa gusa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange kandi

habanje gutangwa indishyi ikwiye.Akaba ntawe ugomba kwitwaza inyungu ze bwite ngo

abangamire ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu

rusange.

Nyir’ubutaka ntashobora kubuza ibikorerwa mu kuzimu cyangwa hejuru y’ubutaka bwe

bigamije inyungu rusange.Iyo ibyo bikorwa bimuteye gihombo abibonera indishyi

ikwiye.Buri mushinga ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, uteganya ibikorwa byo kwimura

abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ugomba guteganya amafaranga y’igikorwa

cy’ibarura ry’umutungo w’uwimurwa n’ay’indishyi ikwiye.Indishyi ikwiye ikaba ari

indishyi y’agaciro k’ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho ihabwa uwimurwa kandi ibarwa

hashingiwe ku biciro biri ku isoko.

III.1 Ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange

Ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange ni ibi bikurikira:

1° imihanda n’inzira ya gari ya moshi ;

2° imiyoboro y’amazi n’ibigega rusange by’amazi;

3° imiyoboro itwara amazi yanduye n’aho atunganyirizwa;

4° ingomero z’amazi;

5° imiyoboro y’amazi y’imvura ikorwa ku mihanda;

6° ahatunganyirizwa imyanda;

7° imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi;

8° imiyoboro ya gazi, peterori n’ibigega byabyo;

9° imiyoboro y’itumanaho;

10° ibibuga by’indege;

11° aho bategera ibinyabiziga, gari ya moshi n’amato n’aho babyururukira;

12° ahantu hakomye hagamije kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, umuco gakondo

n’amateka y’Igihugu;

13° ibikorwa bigamije umutekano n’ubusugire bw’Igihugu;

14° ibitaro, ibigo nderabuzima, amavuriro n’izindi nyubako zifitanye isano n’ubuvuzi

rusange;

15° amashuri n’izindi nyubako zifitanye isano na yo;

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16° inyubako z’inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta n’ibigo byayo, ibigo mpuzamahanga na za

ambasade;

17° ibibuga n’inyubako bigenewe imikino n’imyidagaduro;

18° amasoko ;

19° amarimbi ;

20° inzibutso za jenoside;

21° imirimo yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibishushanyo mbonera by’imitunganyirize y’Imijyi

n’iby’ubutaka bw’Igihugu muri rusange;

22° amabuye y’agaciro n’undi mutungo kamere biri mu bikorwa by’inyungu rusange;

23° ibikorwa remezo n’

ibindi bikorwa byose bigamije inyungu rusange bitagaragajwe kuri

uru rutonde byemezwa n’iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ibikorwa byo kwimura abantu ku

mpamvu z’inyungu rusange mu nshingano ze abisabwe n’abo bireba.

Ibikorwa bigamije inyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo ku buryo bw’umwihariko ntibishobora na

rimwe kwitwa ko bigamije inyungu rusange. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, nyir’ibyo bikorwa abanza

kubyumvikanaho n’ushobora kwimurwa akamuha ikiguzi bumvikanyeho bashingiye ku

mategeko abigenga kandi bikorewe imbere y’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.

Iyo bigaragaye ko iyo mirimo y’abantu ku giti cyabo ifitiye inyungu abantu benshi n’Igihugu

muri rusange, iyo mirimo ifatwa nk’iy’inyungu rusange, ariko ba nyir’iyo mirimo ni bo

bishyura amafaranga y’igikorwa cy’ibarura ry’umutungo w’uwimurwa n’ay’indishyi ikwiye

Kwamburwa ubutaka bwangirika n’ubutabyajwe umusaruro bituma uwabwambuwe burundu

atakaza uburenganzira ku ndishyi ikwiye igenerwa abimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange.

III.2 Inzego zifite ububasha bwo kwimura abantu, ibikurikizwa , uburenganzira

bw’abimurwa n’ubw’abimura ku mpamvu z’imirimo y’inyungu rusange

III.2.1 Inzego zifite ububasha bwo kwimura abantu

Inzego zigaragaza imishinga yo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ni izi

zikurikira:

1° Komite Nyobozi ku rwego rw’Akarere, iyo imirimo ireba Akarere kamwe ;

2° Komite Nyobozi ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, iyo imirimo ireba Akarere karenze

kamwe mu mbago z’Umujyi wa Kigali;

3° Minisiteri bireba, iyo imirimo iteganyijwe ireba Uturere turenze kamwe cyangwa ari

igikorwa cyo ku rwego rw’Igihugu, haseguriwe ibivugwa mu gace ka 2° k’iyi ngingo.

Inzego zigenzura ko imishinga yo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange yujuje ibya

ngombwa ni izi zikurikira:

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- Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Akarere, iyo ari umushinga ureba

Akarere kamwe;

- Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, iyo ari umushinga

ureba Uturere turenze kamwe mu mbago z’Umujyi wa Kigali;

- Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Igihugu, iyo ari umushinga ureba

Uturere turenze kamwe cyangwa umushinga wo ku rwego rw’Igihugu, haseguriwe

ibivugwa mu gace ka 2° .

Kwemeza ko abantu bimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange bikorwa:

- ku rwego rw’ Akarere, n’Inama Njyanama y’Akarere ishingiye ku cyemezo cya

Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Akarere;

- ku rwego rw’ Umujyi wa Kigali, iyo ari umushinga ureba Uturere turenze kamwe mu

mbago z’Umujyi wa Kigali, n’Inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kigali ishingiye ku

cyemezo cya Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali;

- ku rwego rw’Uturere turenze kamwe, hakoreshejwe Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka

mu nshingano ze, hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cya Komisiyo ishinzwe iby’ubutaka ku

rwego rw’Igihugu, haseguriwe ibivugwa mu gace ka 2° k’iyi ngingo;

- ku rwego rw’Igihugu, hakoreshejwe Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

III.2.2 Imihango ikurikizwa

Inyandiko isaba kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange igomba kugaragaramo ibi

bikurikira:

- imiterere y’umushinga;

- ikigaragaza ko umushinga ugamije inyungu rusange;

- igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubutaka umushinga uzakorerwaho;

- inyandiko igaragaza ko umushinga utabangamiye ibidukikije;

- ikimenyetso gihamya ko ikiguzi cy’indishyi ikwiye gihari;

- isobanurampamvu igaragaza ko ubwo butaka cyangwa aho hantu ariho habereye uwo

mushinga

- inyandikomvugo igaragaza ko abaturage bireba basobanuriwe iby’uwo mushinga n’akamaro

ufite.

Igishushanyo mbonera kivugwa kigomba kugaragaramo ibi bikurikira :

- igishushanyo cyangwa amakarita yerekana imbago z’ubutaka iyo mirimo izakorerwaho;

- imiterere y’ibintu biri kuri ubwo butaka;

- urutonde rugaragaza abafite uburenganzira kuri ubwo butaka;

- urutonde rw’abafite uburenganzira ku bikorwa biri kuri ubwo butaka.

Komisiyo y’ubutaka ibishinzwe imaze kubona isabwa ryo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu

z’inyungu rusange, isuzuma ishingiro ry’uwo mushinga. Iyo isanze uwo mushinga ufite

ishingiro, Komisiyo isaba mu nyandiko ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bireba gutumiza inama

nyunguranabitekerezo y’abaturage aho ubwo butaka buherereye nibura mu minsi mirongo

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itatu (30) nyuma yo kubona isabwa ryo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange,

ibamenyesha itariki, isaha n’ aho inama izabera. Iyo Komisiyo ibishinzwe igomba kuba

yafashe icyemezo nibura mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) nyuma y’ikiganiro

nyunguranabitekerezo n’abaturage.

Nyuma yo kungurana ibitekerezo n’abaturage, Komisiyo y’ubutaka ibishinzwe yongera

guhura n’abaturage igatangaza mu ruhame icyemezo ntakuka yafashe kuri uwo mushinga.

Icyemezo Komisiyo ifashe kimanikwa ahagaragara ku biro by’Umujyi wa Kigali,

iby’Akarere, iby’Umurenge n’iby’Akagari aho ubwo butaka buherereye, kikanatangazwa kuri

Radiyo Rwanda no mu binyamakuru bya Leta kugira ngo abo bireba babimenye. Bibaye

ngombwa gishobora kandi no kunyuzwa mu rindi tangazamakuru ryose rishoboka. Ibi

bikorwa nibura mu minsi mirongo itatu (30) nyuma yo gufata icyo cyemezo.

Nyuma yo gutangaza icyemezo ntakuka cy’iyimura ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, Komisiyo

y’ubutaka ibishinzwe ikora urutonde nyarwo rwa ba nyir’uburenganzira ku butaka n’ibikorwa

byabukoreweho kandi rukamanikwa ahagaragara ku biro by’Akarere, iby’Umurenge

n’iby’Akagari ubwo butaka buherereyemo kugira ngo abo bireba babimenye. Imihango

ikurikizwa mu iyimura ntishobora kurenza igihe cy’amezi ane (4) guhera ku munsi inzego

zivugwa haruguru zibyemeje.

III.2.3 Uburenganzira bw’abimurwa n’ubw’abimura ku mpamvu z’imirimo y’inyungu

rusange

Uwimurwa ku mpamvu z’imirimo y’inyungu rusange agomba kumenyeshwa igihe ipima

n’ibarura by’ubutaka bwe n’ibyabukoreweho bizatangirira. Imirimo y’ipima n’ibarura ikorwa

ubifiteho uburenganzira ahari cyangwa ahagarariwe hari kandi n’abahagarariye ubuyobozi

bw’inzego z’ibanze

Iyo nyiri ibikorwa atabonetse kandi yarabimenyeshejwe mu buryo buteganyijwe muri iri

tegeko, bikorerwa inyandikomvugo ishyirwaho umukono n’abahagarariye ubuyobozi

bw’inzego z’ibanze hamwe n’abakoze ipima n’ibarura.

Umuntu ufite ubutaka bwagenewe imirimo y’inyungu rusange agomba kugaragaza

ibimenyetso bihamya ko ubwo butaka n’ibyabukoreweho abifiteho uburenganzira n’icyemezo

cy’uko imiryango ye ibyemera. Mu bimenyetso bihamya ko ubwo butaka n’ibyabukoreweho

ari ibye harimo ibi bikurikira:

1° ibimenyetso byanditse bigaragaza ko ubutaka yabuguze, yabuhawe, yaburazwe, cyangwa

se yabuzunguye;

2° inyandiko cyangwa se imvugo y’abayobozi b’ibanze ko uwo muntu afite uburenganzira

ku butaka yimurwaho;

3° inyandiko cyangwa ubuhamya bw’abaturanyi byemeza ko ubwo butaka ari ubwe koko;

4° icyemezo cy’urukiko.

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Umuntu ufite ubutaka bwagenewe imirimo y’inyungu rusange agomba kugaragaza kandi

icyemezo cy’uwo bashakanye iyo ari abashakanye hakurikije ivangamutungo rusange

cyangwa ivangamutungo w’umuhahano.

Uwituje cyangwa uwakoreye ibikorwa ku butaka bubujijwe guturwaho nyuma y’uko

amategeko abigenga ajyaho, nta ndishyi ahabwa

Uwimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo

cyafashwe na Komisiyo y’ubutaka ibishinzwe muri Komisiyo y’ubutaka yo ku rwego

rwisumbuye mu minsi mirongo itatu (30) nyuma y’ifatwa ry’icyemezo. Binaniranye,

hiyambazwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

Usaba kwimura ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange afite uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo

cyafashwe na Komisiyo y’ubutaka ibishinzwe muri Komisiyo y’ubutaka yo ku rwego

rwisumbuye mu minsi mirongo itatu (30) nyuma y’ifatwa ry’icyemezo. Binaniranye,

hiyambazwa urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

III.3 Guha agaciro ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho no gutanga indishyi ikwiye

III.3.1 Guha agaciro ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho

Ibintu bibarurwa kugira ngo bihabwe agaciro ko kuriha indishyi zikwiye z’abimuwe ku

mpamvu z’inyungu rusange ni ubutaka n’ ibikorwa byakorewe ku butaka nk’ibihingwa

binyuranye, amashyamba, inyubako izo ari zo zose cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bigamije

gukoresha neza ubutaka cyangwa kububyaza umusaruro.

Bitabangamiye andi mategeko, agaciro k’ubutaka n’agaciro k’ibikorwa byakorewe ku butaka

bwimurwaho abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, bibarwa hitawe ku ngano, imiterere

yabyo n’aho biherereye kandi hashingiwe ku biciro biri ku isoko.

III.3.2 Gutanga indishyi

Ku bwumvikane bw’uwimura n’uwimurwa, indishyi ikwiye ishobora kuba amafaranga,

ubundi butaka, inyubako cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bihwanye n’indishyi ikwiye yabaruwe mu

mafaranga. Iyo indishyi ikwiye yabaruwe mu mafaranga isumbije agaciro ubutaka bundi

uwimurwa ahawe, amafaranga asagukaho ahabwa uwimurwa.Kandi kugira ngo iyimurwa

ryemerwe, indishyi ikwiye ihabwa uwimurwa igomba kurihwa mbere y’uko yimuka.

Indishyi ikwiye yemejwe na Komisiyo y’ubutaka yishyurwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi ijana na

makumyabiri (120) uhereye igihe iyo ndishyi ikwiye yemerejwe. Iyo birenze icyo gihe,

iyimurwa riba ritaye agaciro keretse uwimurwa n’uwimura babyiyumvikaniye.

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Nyuma yo kwakira indishyi ikwiye, uwimuwe afite igihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo cyenda

(90) kugira ngo abe yimutse kandi igihe cyose uwimurwa agitegereje kwishyurwa, afite

uburenganzira bwo guhinga ibihingwa bitarenza mu murima we iminsi mirongo cyenda (90)

no gusarura imyaka ye ikiri mu murima.

Amafaranga y’indishyi ikwiye ashyirwa kuri konti y’uwimurwa muri banki iri mu Gihugu

cyangwa mu kigo cy’imari kiri mu Gihugu cyemewe n’amategeko kandi yihitiyemo naho mu

gihe indishyi zikwiye zigomba guhabwa abimurwa barenze umwe iyo basangiye

uburenganzira kuri uwo mutungo nk’umuryango cyangwa se umugore n’umugabo

bashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, amafaranga ashyirwa kuri konti basangiye ku

buryo bisaba ko ugiye kuyabikuza ahabwa uruhushya rwanditse rw’abo bayisangiye.Aha

twakwibutsa ko Iyo umutungo w’uwimurwa wafashweho ingwate muri banki, amafaranga

y’indishyi ikwiye ashyirwa kuri konti yumvikanyeho n’iyo banki.

Iyo uwimurwa atagaragaje nomero ya konti amafaranga y’ibintu yabaruriwe yashyirwaho mu

gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye igihe abimenyesherejweho, ayo mafaranga

ashyirwa kuri konti y’Akarere uwo mutungo uherereyemo akaba ari ho azayafatira.

Iyo uwimurwa atanyuzwe n’agaciro kahawe ubutaka n’ak’ibikorwa byabukoreweho,

Komisiyo y’ubutaka yo ku rwego ikibazo kiriho imusaba mu nyandiko kwishyiriraho

impuguke cyangwa ibiro by’inyigo yihembera byazobereye mu ibaruragaciro kandi byemewe

n’amategeko kugira ngo bigaragaze agaciro mvuguruza ; Iyo ako gaciro mvuguruza

katemewe na Komisiyo yari yabisabye, uwimurwa ajuririra Komisiyo y’ubutaka y’urwego

rwisumbuye mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) y’akazi na yo igatanga umwanzuro

mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi yakiriyeho ubwo bujurire.

Uwimurwa atanyurwa n’umwanzuro wa Komisiyo y’ubutaka yajuririyemo, aregera inkiko

zibifitiye ububasha hagati aho agaciro kemejwe na Komisiyo y’ubutaka y’urwego rwajuririwe

gahabwa uwimurwa kugira ngo ibikorwa bidahagarara mu gihe hagitegerejwe icyemezo

cy’urukiko.

Bitabangamiye ibihano biteganywa n’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, umuntu wese wishyuwe

indishyi ikwiye iteganywa n’iri tegeko agasaba kubarurirwa no kwishyurwa inshuro irenze

imwe yirengagije ko yari yabaruriwe kandi yarishyuwe mbere, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo

kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda

kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000 Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) cyangwa

se kimwe muri ibyo bihano. Iyo bigaragaye ko uwimurwa yishyuwe inshuro irenze imwe,

agomba gusubiza indishyi yari yahawe kandi agahanishwa ibiteganywa n’ingingo

z’amategeko zikubiye mu Gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha.

Mu gihe uwishyura indishyi zikwiye atazitangiye igihe cyagenwe cyavuzwe haruguru

yishyura indishyi y’ubukerererwe ya 5% buri mwaka yiyongera kuri iyo ndishyi ihabwa

uwimurwa. Icyo gihe ntigishobora kurenga imyaka ibiri (2), kandi iyo uwimura yisubiyeho

mu gihe cyavuzwe haruguru ntibimubuza gutanga izi ndishyi.

Mu gihe uwimurwa atimutse mu gihe cyateganyijwe kandi yaramaze kwishyurwa, yimurwa

ku ngufu z’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.

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Mu gihe ibi byose byagezweho ari uko byaciye mu nkiko, uwatsinzwe urubanza ni we

wishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranwa ry’urubanza agenwa n’urukiko.

Mu gihe komisiyo z’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali no ku rw’Akarere

zitarashyirwaho, kugenzura no kwemeza imishinga yo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu

rusange bikorwa n’Inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kigali cyangwa iy’Akarere ubutaka

buherereyemo.

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Umwanzuro

N’ ubwo hashyizweho Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 17/07/2005 rigena

imikorehsereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ibibazo byose birebana n’ubutaka

ntibyabashije kubonerwa ibisubizo kuko n’ubundi hari abatarabashije kubona ubutaka bwaba

ubwo guhinga, gutura cyangwa kororeraho, akaba ari muri urwo rwego ubwo twateguraga iyi

mfashanyigisho, Perezida wa Repubulika yatangiye gahunda y’isaranganya yikorera ubwe.

Byongeye kandi kuba amategeko-teka afasha aya mategeko yombi ryaba iry’ubutaka n’iryo

kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, bituma aya mategeko adashyirwa mu

bikorwa ku buryo bukwiriye.

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INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE

1. Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire

y’ubutaka mu Rwanda

2. Politiki y’Igihugu y’Ubutaka, Gashyantare 2004

3. Itegeko n° 18/2007 ryo ku wa 19/04/2007 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu

z’inyungu rusange