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Dynamic Model Validation Project. Sidharth Rajagopalan Engineer, Dynamic Studies. Jonathan Rose Engineer, Resource Integration. Need for Model Validation…. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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November 16, 2012Synchrophasor Meeting
Dynamic Model Validation Project
Jonathan RoseEngineer, Resource Integration
Sidharth RajagopalanEngineer, Dynamic Studies
2
Need for Model Validation…
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
Source: https://www.wecc.biz/committees/StandingCommittees/PCC/TSS/MVWG/06212011/Lists/Presentations/1/2011-06%20Power%20Plant%20Model%20Validation%20Using%20Disturbance%20Data.pdf
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Validation Methodology
• Compare computer simulations to actual generator behavior, measured during a disturbance.
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
Channel Plot
100*A : Test7pgfedcb 10 - MW : Test7pgfedcb
Time (seconds)1009080706050403020100
70
69.5
69
68.5
68
67.5
67
66.5
66
65.5
65
Compare Results
Field Measurements PMUs, DFRs...
Pass / Fail
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Overview
• Near Term Goals– Validate a few generator dynamic models based on available
measured response during system events.
• Long Term Goals– Develop plan to systematically validate generator models in ERCOT.
– New responsibilities? (NERC MOD Standard)
• Resource Entities, ERCOT, TSP
– Install measurement devices
• PMU at every power plant
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
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Challenge #1: Gathering Measurements
• Existing PMUs available to ERCOT– Installed for specific purpose of transmission observability.– none measure generator output
• Some gen companies have continuous fault recorders– Difficult to access data. “Leap-frog” communication.– Need coordination on setting up recorders.
• This issue is unresolved.– Only attempted to validate Governor models.
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
POIGenerator
•High-speed measurements of V, , P, Q, Hz.•>= 30 samples / second.•Measure unit output , not plant.
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Possible Solution #1: Gathering Measurements
• Install PMU or proper set Continuous DFR at each generator– Does not need to stream live data. (Communication $$).– PMU preferred over DFRs.– Installation and Maintenance
• Provide easy access to data
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
POIGenerator
Need method to easily get data to ERCOT.
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Challenge #2: Identifying Disturbances
Available Difficult
Frequency disturbances Voltage disturbance (e.g. faults)
Angle disturbance due to unit trip Angle disturbance due to line open
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
Problem: Some stochastic disturbances difficult to monitor and identify.
Possible Solution:
• Move a nearby switched shunt.• Change generator voltage set point.
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Brainstorming A Synchrophasor Plan…
• PMUs for Operational Needs– Stream live data.– Penetration: capture system condition
• PMUs for Generator Model Validation– Archive data for 30 days. Data downloaded as needed.– Measure terminal behavior of each plant.
• Overlap?– Some generator PMUs stream data for Operations.
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
Questions?
Thank You
November 16, 2012 Synchrophasor Meeting
10 Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
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Overview of Validation Process
1. Capture electrical measurements during a disturbance using PMU.• Need plant-level or unit-level measurements.
2. Introduce disturbance and measurements into simulation.
3. Check that the simulated response matches plant actual response.
4. If not, discuss the results with the resource entity.
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
Field Measurem
ents
POI
Present independent
variables (V, , Hz) to Generator
Test Generator
Channel Plot
100*A : Test7pgfedcb 10 - MW : Test7pgfedcb
Time (seconds)1009080706050403020100
70
69.5
69
68.5
68
67.5
67
66.5
66
65.5
65
ComparisonMeasure vs. Simulation Pass /Fail.
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Example – Simple Model Validation Exercise
SPWG MeetingNovember 16, 2012 Synchrophasor Meeting
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Types of Measurement Devices
• Phasor Measurement Units– Stand-alone measurement device. High-fidelity.
• Synchrophasors– Relay with PMU-like features. High-fidelity.– E.g. Schweitzer 421.
• Digital Fault Recorders (Continuous)– Predecessor to synchrophasors.– Similar to PMUs except no GPS-clock and cannot
measure angle.– May or may not be able to stream live measurements.
• Digital Fault Recorders (Triggered)– Oscilloscope-type measurements that are triggered. Used
for relay performance reviews, event forensics, etc.
• SCADA
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
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Measurement Device Comparison
High Speed
Real Time
GPS Clock
Angle Meas
Penetra-tion
Model Validation
PMU & Synchroph. ~50 DFR
100’s Difficult
SCADA 1000’sGovernor
Only
November 16, 2012 Synchrophasor Meeting
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Response Disturbances
GEN Fast Fault, sudden angle shift due to nearby unit trip / line open.
AVR Fast Fault, switched shunt adjust, V-schedule adjust.
GOV Slow Large unit trip anywhere.
PSS Fast Nearby unit trip or line open.
Gathering Measurements – Need a Good Disturbance!
AVR
GOV
PSS
Vmeas
Hz
d/dt
Qgen
Pgen
Pgen
• The nature of the disturbance determines which system is affected.– Multiple disturbances needed to validate all
parts of model.
d/dtV Pgen,
Qgen
Machine
Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
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Disturbances
• Voltage Disturbances are difficult to find!– Wait for a fault? How know when it happened?
• WECC creates their own disturbances– 1400 MW Chief Joseph braking resistor.
• Could ERCOT do similar?– Disturb generator by adjusting nearby tap, switched shunt or
change Voltage set point.
Chief Joseph:
November 16, 2012 Synchrophasor Meeting
17 Synchrophasor MeetingNovember 16, 2012
