Efficient integration of EVs with wind Efficient integration of EVs with wind power production

Esben Larsen Ali Adel MahmoudAssoc. Prof. M. Sc. EECET, DTU Electro CET, DTU Electro

ContentContent

1. Wind Power and Power Markets in Denmark3. Storage as a solution4. EVs as a suitable solution5. EVs to support WP6 EV d WP t th R id6. EVs and WP together as Reg.power provider

2010-09-222 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

Danish Energy PolicyDoubling of wind power capacity

50% renewables in the power sector i 2025

2010-09-223 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power NetworksWorkshop on transport

2 Wind Power in Denmark

Increasing in WP penetration

2010-09-224 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

Bound Production and ConsumptionT d i J 2003Two days in January, 2003

MW Bound production© Eltra amba

3000

4000

Primary CHP

Consumption

2000

3000Local CHP

1000 Wind power

015.01 16.01 17.01

2010-09-225 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks5

Danish electricity system operation-2007Electricity consumption and production details

2007 DK West DK East

Electricity consumption

21.6 TWh 14.5 TWh

Electricity production

23.4 TWh 13.7 TWhproduction

Local CHP 21.0% 15.3%

wind 23 8% 11 8%wind 23.8% 11.8%

2010-09-226 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks6

2010-09-227 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

Danish electricity network 2010

HVDC

Danish electricity network-2010

HVDC

HVDC

Denmark-Interconnection to the neighbouring countries

HVDC

2010-09-228 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

http://energinet.dk/Flash/Forside/index.html

Electricity Market Structure-Denmark

• Liberalized market and a part of the Nord Pool market• Liberalized market and a part of the Nord Pool market• Commercial Market: The commercial markets are mainly

about establishing an energy balance per hourDay ahead (ElSpot) market –Day ahead (ElSpot) market

–Hour ahead (Elbas) market• Ancillary services: Purchased by the Transmission System

O (TSO) i D k i E i dk f Operator (TSO) in Denmark i.e., Energinet.dk, from selected central power plants (with must-produce-contracts), to ensure stable and reliable operation of the electricity systemselectricity systems.

2010-09-229 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

Day ahead (ElSpot) market Day ahead (ElSpot) market

2010-09-2210 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

2010-09-2211 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

ElSpot DK West 2007ElSpot DK West 20071000

800

400

600

DK

K/M

Wh

200

00

01 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

2010-09-2212 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

Hours

ElSpot MarketD ti h i h l i 2007Duration curves showing hourly prices - 2007

500

600

200

300

400

Pric

e D

KK

/MW

h

West Daytime

West Nighttime

East Daytime

East Nighttime

Average daytime

Average Night time

Night time Day time

0

100

1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

hours

• A simple time switch:

– The owner can save less than 1 DKK per day for a typical Danish driving pattern of 40 km per day (4 - 8 kWh).

Wi d t ti ith t 50% i • Wind penetration with up to 50% in average:

– The periods with extreme prices are expected to increase – Only a minor increase is seen on the “normal” price level.

• V2G system controlled by a price signal,

2010-09-2213 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

y y p g ,

– Energy loss of 15% – Compensation 0,15-0,200 DKK/kWh.

14-09-10 Side 4

jan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep oct nov dec0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Monthly share of wind power in domestic power consumption

20062025

Win

d P

ower

/ P

ower

Con

sum

ptio

n (%

)

2 Wind Power in Denmark

Increasing in WP penetration

50% of consumption from environmentally friendly sources in 2025

14-09-10 Side 5

Increasing in reserve requirements

• Fall in WP prices• Heavy loaded TL which

connected DK with neighbour countries

• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices

2 Wind Power in Denmark

Consequence of increasing WP penetration

14-09-10 Side 6

• Increasing in reserve requirementsFall in WP prices

• Heavy loaded TL which connected DK with neighbor countries

• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices

2 Wind Power in Denmark

Consequence of increasing WP penetration

14-09-10 Side 7

• Increasing in reserve requirements

• Fall in WP pricesHeavy loaded TL which connected DK with neighbor countries

• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices

2 Wind Power in Denmark

Consequence of increasing WP penetration

14-09-10 Side 8

-2000,0

-1000,0

0,0

1000,0

2000,0

3000,0

4000,0

5000,0

1 101 201 301 401 501 601 701

HoursM

Wh/

h

neighbourTher.Prowindcons.Reg.

• Increasing in reserve requirements

• Fall in WP prices• Heavy loaded TL which

connected DK with neighbor countriesExporting of expensive WP with cheap prices

Consequence of increasing WP penetration

2 Wind Power in Denmark

14-09-10 Side 9

3 Storage as a solution

Store the surplus WP production

• Feed the system with power when required

14-09-10 Side 10

3 Storage as a solution

● Store the surplus WP production

Feed the system with power when required

14-09-10 Side 11

4 EVs as a suitable solution

Types:

PHEV & Pure EV

Share of market:

Gradually change (10% in 2022)

Radical change

14-09-10 Side 12

4 EVs as a suitable solution

Limitations

EVComposition of the fleet

Availability of the fleet

NumberTimeCapacity

Charging facilites

Grid

14-09-10 Side 13

4 EVs as a suitable solution

Energy capacity

Up Reg. > Down Reg.

14-09-10 Side 14

4 EVs as a suitable solution

Denmark typically El-consumption

14-09-10 Side 15

4 EVs as a suitable solution

Improving the system

More stabil system

Reduce bottleneck situations

Better WP prices

Cheap & stabil power source

14-09-10 Side 16

5 EVs to support WP

Reducing Forecast Error

200,000 EV to cover East or West Denmark

Reducing Regulating power purchased by the TSO

WP can provide regulating power

14-09-10 Side 17

5 EVs to support WP

Example 1: Horns Rev wind farm20,000 EV to eliminate both fluctuation and forecast error

ResultsStabil productionMore efficient use of wind power resourcesAbility to provide up & down Regulating with competitive prices

14-09-10 Side 18

5 EVs to support WP

Example 2: West Denmark Area200,000 EVs to eliminate forecast error

100,000 EVs ~ 95% at hours

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

N u m b e r o f E V s * 1 0 0 0

% h

ours

to b

e cov

ered S et 1

S et 2S et 3S et 4

14-09-10 Side 19

6 EVs and WP together as Reg. power provider

Horns Rev & EVs100,000 EV ~ 100% of Reg. in West DK

Conclusion

• EV’s will play an interesting role in a future power system caused by the • EV s will play an interesting role in a future power system caused by the battery power storage provided in the power system, i.e.V2G .

• An intelligent architecture is needed for control of charging, G2V and V2G system services.

• Day ahead Market: Small economical benefits using the car as a flexible load

• Ancillary services: significant payment can be expected from the TSO. An intelligent systems for providing ancillary services must be developed. g y p g y p

• New providers of ancillary services will increase the competition in a profitably market causing expectations to a decrease in prices.

• Considerably more vehicles are needed to offer down regulation (charging) compared to up regulation (V2G) because batteries will (charging) compared to up regulation (V2G), because batteries will normally be higher charged and discharged.

2010-09-2214 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks

14-09-10 Side 20

Thank You