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£%%0# YJlO£ZOIL SPILL TRUSTEE COUNCIL

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Trustees move toward the future

The Trustee Council and Public Advisory Group met in joint session January 21-22 for a public hearing on updatmg the mjured resources list and possible uses of the Restoration Reserve Photo by Roy Corral

1O-year event looks at legacy of Exxon Valdez

Restoration Reserve to fund habitat protection and research

T he Trustee Council de­cided March 1 to continue

its dual efforts combining ma­rine science with habitat protection as the best long­term approach for restorahon of the oil spill-damaged eco­system, with special emphasis in the future on research.

After 18 months of public comment and meetings throughout the spill region, Trustees voted unammously to split about $170 million in available funds, using about $115 million to support a long-term research, monitoring, and community-based restoration effort and $55 million to fund

See Restoration Reserve, Page 9

L egacy of an Oil Spill: Ten Years after Exxon Valdez is a two-tiered look at the status of the spill region a decade

following the historic spill in Prince William Sound. The first day will be a "Report to the Nahon," a public­

oriented event about the people, fish, wildlife, and other resources of the spill region. The report will also include a broad look at the spill prevention and response network now in place in the sound.

The second tier of the event is a four-day scientific sympo­sium that will show in detail the findings of 10 years of research and monitoring efforts as well as spill prevention and response planning.

All presentations will be held at the Egan Convention and Civic Center in Anchorage.

The first day overview to be held March 23 beginning at

River otter recovered, but for most resources recovery is incomplete

T en years after the na tion' s largest and

most destructive oil spill, most of the fish and wildlife species and other resources in­jured by the spill have not yet fully recovered. Only two of 28 species and resources listed as injured by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince Will­iam Sound are considered to be fully recovered from the devastating effects of the spill.

The Trustee Council updated its list of injured resources in February for the first time in 2 1/2 years. "Ten years after the spill, there has clearly been a lot of progress toward re­

See Injured Resources Update, Page 10

8:30 a.m. is designed , as a public event and

all presentations are free. The scientific symposium will be held March 24-27 and is geared toward the scientific community, although it is open to the public. Registra­

tion for the scientific symposium is required and costs $100. "The spill region has become one of the most closely stud­

ied marine systems in the world," said Molly McCammon,

See Legacy of An Oil Spill, Page 3

Chugach National Forest

Orca Bay Package

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Eyak Habitat Protection

Eastern Prince William Sound'

LEGEND

_Fee Simple

DO Conservation Easement

• Timber Easement

~ Previous EVOS Acquisition

Other Eyak Corp. Lands

D Chugach National Forest

liliiii Other Private, Public Lands

" Shareholder Land Use Program - Retained Lands

The protection of about 75,000 acres -of Protection of habitat in valuable habitat in eastern Prince Wllliam

eastern Prince William Sound, including land visible from and adja­cent to Cordova, is complete. Eighteen months Sound finally complete after the Trustee Council made an offer to ac­quire a combination of surface rights, conservationeasements, and timber easements from Eyak Corporation, all parties involved in the sale have approved the package. Clos­ing on the sale took place in early March.

Shareholders of the corporation voted twice, first by 82 percent and then by 84 per­cent, to permanently protect the land. The Trustee Council agreed in July 1997 to spend $45 million over a 5-year period to protect the habitat, which includes approximately 80 salmon streams, numerous lakes and lagoons, 50 miles of freshwater shoreline, and 150 miles of saltwater shoreline.

The wooded shorelines of Nelson Bay, Eyak Lake and Hawkins Island, much of it visible from the City of Cordova, are all pro­tected. Much of Port Gravina, all of Windy Bay and all of Sheep Bay, which are consid­ered among the most valuable parcels in Prince William Sound for recovery of species

The Canoe Passage area (top) will be managed by the state as part of

the already established marine park. Timber easements will protect

the Nelson Bay area (above).

injured by the 1989 oil spill, are also included in the package deal.

Numerous bird species injured by the spill use the Eyak lands for nesting, feeding, molt­ing and wintering. The area is important to pink salmon, sockeye salmon, cutthroat trout, Dolly Varden, Pacific herring, bald eagles, black oystercatchers, harbor seals, harlequin ducks, river otters and sea otters. The entire region is popular for recreational activities and subsistence food gathering.

Most of the land will be administered as part of the Chugach National Forest. One smaller tract will be managed by the Alaska Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation as part of the existing Canoe Passage State Marine Park.

The northeastem portion of Hawkins Island is protected and will become part of the state manne park system. Photos by Kevin Hartwell

u p T EDRE~mTmNA Continued from Page 1 resf~r:se, and planning for future restoration Legacy of an Oil Spill executive director of the Trustee Council. "It's actiVIties. only appropriate that 10 years after the Exxon Dr. Jane Lubchenco, one of the world's lead­Valdez disaster, we take a close look at what ing marine scientists, will deliver the luncheon we have leamed and what we have done to keynote address. She will be introduced by safeguard the region from further harm." Lt. Gov. Fran Ulmer.

The Report to the Nation will include open­ The noon keynote address will focus on ing remarks by Governor Tony Knowles, "The State of the World's Oceans" rather than representing the state perspective on the legacy on specifics about the Exxon Valdez and its af­of the spill. A federal perspective will also be termath. Lunch will be available only to those presented. people who registered before March 1. Plenty

Morning presentations will include the cur­ of seating will be available for others who want rent status of fish and wildlife in the spill region, to listen to the speech but did not register early the council's habitat protection program, and for the lunch. the council's research and monitoring program. The Trustee Council is hosting a reception Aftemoon sessions will focus on the hLUnan di­ at the civic center following the first day's Re­mensions of the spill, oil spill prevention and port to the Nation.

Report to t~e Nation Dr. Jane Lubchenco will deliver the

Tuesday, March 23, 1999 keynote address on "The State of the World's Oceans" during the

8:45am Welcome and Introduction luncheon March 23. Tickets for the Craig Tillery, Trustee Representative, Alaska Department of Law lunch itself are no longer available

but there will be plenty of seating 9:00am State and Federal Perspectives on the Legacy of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill for anyone who wants to listen to

Honorable Tony Knowles, Govemor; State of Alaska the address without having lunch. Dr. Lubchenco is a professor of marine biology and zoology at the

9:40am Essay Contest Grand Champion "Ten Years After Exxon Valdez: WeRemember . .. We Learn" University of Oregon. She sits on the board of directors of the

George T. Frampton Jr., Acting Chair; Council on Environmental Quality (tentative)

To be announced National Science Foundation and is past president of the American 9:25am What is the Status of Fish and Wildlife Injured by the Oil Spill? Association for the Advancement of

Frank Rue, Trustee and Commissioner; Alaska Department of Ash and Game Science and the Ecological Society of America.

10:45 am Habitat Protection Following the Exxon Valdez: A Lasting Treasure Dave Gibbons, Trustee and Supervisor; Chugach National Forest Marilyn Heiman, Trustee and Special Assistant to the Secretary, Department of the Interior Alaska Native Perspectives: Emil Christianson, President, Old Harbor Native Corporation

Nancy Bames, President. Eyak Corporation

11:30 am Research and Monitoring: Restoration Through Knowledge and Management Dr. Robert Spies, Chief Scientist, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Program

Noon Keynote Address by Dr. Jane Lubchenco: "The State of the World's Oceans"

1:30pm Human Dimensions of the Oil Spill Introduction: Molly McCammon, Executive Director; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Alaska Native Perspective: Gary Kompkoff, President, Tatitlek IRA Council Community Perspective: Jerome Selby, former Mayor; Kodiak Island Borough

Reception open to all3:15pm Oil Spill Response and Prevention: Can it Happen Again? Introduction: Michele Brown, Trustee and Commissioner, Department of Environmental Conservation • The public is invited to a free Prevention: Robert Malone, President, AJyeska Pipeline Service Company reception following the Report to Response: Kurt Fredriksson, Director; Spill Prevention and Response, ADEC the Nation. The reception will honor Cleanup: Alan Mearns, Senior Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration present and past Trustees, Citizen Oversight: Stan Stephens, Chairman, PWS Regional Citizens' Advisory Council featuring brief comments from

former attorney general and trustee 4:30pm Planning for the Future: Restoration in the 21st Century Charlie Cole, former Department of

the Interior trustee Deborah Williams, and former council

Steve Pennoyer; Trustee and Alaska Director; National Marine Rsheries Service

executIve director Jim Ayers.5:3O-7pm Public Reception"

---:--"--------:.-._------=O'I~=-=--=:E~Tffi~TWN~i\--'-1'-----:-:c-E

The scientific symposium will be a lO-year review of Exxon Valdez­

related research and planning efforts. The following is a list of

presentations and posters expected for the three-day event, including the

scientists and researchers behind the work. Further information about each

of the presentations can be obtained by contacting the researchers directly.1O-year review, The Trustee Council has funded one of the world's largest marine science

symposium set for programs involving research, monitoring and restoration of the spill region.

March 23-27

Tuesday, March 23, 1999 Overview Session 7:00am Registration 8:45am Welcome and Introduction 9:00am Addresses by Public Officials and Trustees 9:40 am Status of Injury and Recovery 10:25 am Restoration Program Overview

- Habitat Protection - Research, Monitoring and General Restoration

Noon Lunch (at Egan Center) 12:30 pm Keynote Speaker: Dr. Jane Lubchenco 1:30 pm Human Dimensions of the Oil Spill 3:15 pm Oil Spill Response and Prevention

4:30pm Future of the Restoration Program 5:30 - 7:00 pm Trustee Council Reception

ednesday, March 24, 1999 Technical Session Session 1 Session 2

7:00 am Registration 8:30am Population and Recovery Status 8:30 am Oceanography, Carrying Capacity, & Long-Term Monitoring

10:20 am Food Chain Effects Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10 pm Population and Recovery Status (Con't.) 1: 10 pm Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) Project 2:30pm Direct Restoration, Supplementation, and Enhancement 5:45 - 8:00 pm Reception and Poster Session

ursday, March 25, 1999 Technical Session 7:30am Registration 8:30 am Intertidal and Subtidal Effects and Recovery 8:30 am Fate, Transport, and Monitoring of Oil

11:00 am Subsistence, Communities, and Human Dimensions 11:00 am Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil

Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10 pm Subsistence, Communities, & Human Dimensions (Con't.) 1:10 pm Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil (Con't)

1:50 pm Nearshore Vertebrate Predator (NVP) Project

6:30 - 9:00 pm Alaska Wildlife Response Center Reception (off site)

Friday, March 26, 1999 Technical Session 7:30am Registration

8:30am Response, Prevention, and Treatment 8:30 am Nutrition, Physiology, and Disease 11 :20 am Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX) Project

Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10pm Response, Prevention, & Treatment (Con't.) 1:10 pm Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX) (Con 'f.)

4:30pm Summary and Concluding Remarks

aturday, March 27, 1999 7:30 am - 7:30 pm Reid Trip to the Alaska SeaLife Center and Gray Whale Tour, Seward

u p T EoRE~TffiTmNA

Population and Recovery Status

Presentations

Historical Sockeye Salmon Growth among Popula­tions Affected by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Large Spawning Escapement, Gregory T Ruggerone and Donald E. Rogers

A Reexamination of Events Influencing the 1993 Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Population Crash in Prince William Sound, Alaska; K.D.E. Stokesbury

Progression of Common Murre Nesting Dates at East Amatuli Island, Alaska, during 1993 to 1998; Arthur B. Kettle, David G. Roseneau, and G. Vernon Byrd

Trends in Common Murre Population Numbers at the Barren and Chiswell Islands, Alaska, 1989-1998, David Roseneau, Arthur Kettle, and G. Vernon Byrd

Recovery Monitoring of Harlequin Ducks in Prince William Sound, Alaska; Daniel H. Rosenberg and Michael J. Petrula

ARetrospective on Marbled Murrelet Injury, Re­search, and Restoration after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Katherine J. Kuletz

Status and Ecology of Kittlitz's Murrelet in Prince William Sound, 1996-1998; Robert H. Day and Debora A. Nigro

Chronic Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Summertime Marine Birds in Prince William Sound, Alaska; David B. Irons, Steve Kendall, Walter Erickson, and Lyman L. McDonald

Trend and Habitat Use of Harbor Seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Kathryn J. Frost, Lloyd F Lowry, Jay M. Ver Hoel, and Tracey Gotthardt

Comprehensive Killer Whale Investigation; Craig Matkin

Evaluating Wildlife Recovery on the Basis of Eco­system Status: Confounding Effects of Nondeterminism and Temporal Uncertainty; Glenn R. VanBlaricom, Tamara K. Gage, and Allan K. Fukuyama

The Web of Ecosystem Interconnections as Re­vealed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Perturbation of Shoreline Habitats: A Synthesis of Direct and Indi­rect Effects; Charles H. Peterson

Posters

Distribution ofKiller Whale Pods in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1984-1996; D. Scheel, Craig O. Matkin, and Eva Saulitis

Status of Black Oystercatchers in Prince William Sound Ten Years after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Stephen M. Murphy, Todd J. Mabee, M.G. Carls, G.D. Marty, J.E. Hose, and R.M. Kocan

Direct Restoration, Supplementation, and Management

Presentations

Human Use and Wildlife Disturbance Model for Western Prince William Sound; Karen A. Murphy, Lowell H. Suring, and Ali Iliff

Cutthroat Trout and Dolly Varden in Prince William Sound, Alaska: The Relation among and within Popu­lations ofAnadromous and Resident Forms; Kitty Griswold, Gordon H. Reeves, and Kenneth P. Currens

Allozyme and mtDNA Data Detect Spatial and Tem­poral Restrictions to Gene Flow in Even- Year Pink Salmon Inhabiting Prince William Sound, Alaska; Christopher Habicht, Lisa W. Seeb, James B. Shaklee, and James E Seeb

Genetics of Pink Salmon: Mapping the Future; FW. Allendorf, K.L. Knudsen, K.R. Lindner, and P. Spruell

Coded Wire Tagging and Otolith Thermal Marking as Tools for Fisheries Management in Prince William Sound; D. Evans

Continuing Evaluation of the Port Dick Creek Resto­ration Project through Gravel Transport Analysis; Geoff Coble and Mark Dickson

A Synthesis of Fisheries Investigations for Restora­tion of Injury from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Phillip R. Mundy and Andrew J. Gunther

Posters

Pigeon Guillemot Restoration at the Alaska SeaLife Center; George J. Divoky, Andrew K. Hovey, and Daniel D. Roby

Kametolook River Coho Salmon Restoration Project; Lisa Scarbrough and James McCullough

The Kachemak Bay Ecological Characterization; Glenn Seaman and Bridget Callahan

Oceanography, Carrying Capacity, and Long-Term Monitoring

Presentations

The Case for Bottom-Up Control of Food Web Dy­namics in Prince William Sound; C.P. McRoy, R.T Cooney, P. Simpson, A. Ward, K. Tamburello, and J. Cameron

Declining Primary Productivity in the North Pacific: Past Implications for Marine Mammal Populations and Changes Ahead; Donald M. Schell and A.C. Hirons

Understanding the Prince William Sound Ecosystem as a Whole and Its Responses to Perturbations: An ECOPATH toward Ecosystem-Based Management

Craig Matkin, principal investigator for killer whales. points to Identifying marks on the dorsal fins of members from the AB pod. Photos that are crossed out represent whales that died after the spill. Photo by Kevin Hartwell

by Communities; Thomas A. Okey, Daniel Pauly, Stuart Pimm, Bob Powell, Dave Preikshot, and Tony Pitcher

Localized Wind Field Events and Effects in Prince William Sound; Stephen Bodnar

Posters

Spatial Analysis of Zooplankton Distributions using Acoustic Data and Two-Dimensional Kriging; John Kern and K.O. Coyle

Pristane Monitoring in Mussels and Predators of Juvenile Pink Salmon and Herring; Jeffrey W. Short and Patricia M. Harris

Food Chain Effects

Presentations

The Effects of Food Availability and Diet on Repro­duction in Pigeon Guillemots; Michael A. Litzow, John F Piatt, and Daniel D. Roby

Predation on Pacific Herring Spawn by Birds in Prince William Sound, Alaska; Mary Anne Bishop and S. Patrick Green

Trends of Forage Fish Availability in Relation to Sea­bird and Marine Mammal Foraging Activities in Prince William Sound and the Outer Kenai from 1995 to t998; E.D. Brown

A Perspective on Harbor Seal Trophic Interactions in Prince William Sound and the Gulf ofAlaska; A.C. Hirons and Donald M. Schell

Posters

Relationship of Bird Abundance to Mytilus Densities at Montague Island and Knight Island; Mary Anne Bishop, Paul M. Meyers, and Charles E. O'Clair

Sound Ecosystem Assessment

Presentations

Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA): Ecological Controls of Pink Salmon and Herring Production in Prince William Sound, Alaska; R.T. Cooney, J.R. Allen, and the entire SEA team

Physical Oceanography of Prince William Sound, Alaska; S.L. Vaughan, C.N.K. Mooers, Jia Wang, S.M. Gay III, and L.B. Tuttle

ObseNed and Modeled Plankton Dynamics in Prince William Sound, Alaska: D.L. Eslinger, R.T. Cooney, C.P. McRoy, P. Simpson, A. Ward, K.O. Coyle, Jia Wang, TC. Kline Jr., S.L. Vaughan, J.R. Allen, J. Kirsch, and L.B. Tuttle

Ecological Processes Influencing Mortality of Juve­nile Pink Salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska; TM. Willette, R.T. Cooney, V. Patrick, G.L. Thomas, TC. Kline Jr, K. Hyer, G. Carpenter, and M. Clapsad!

Life History of Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska; B.L. Norcross, E.D. Brown, R.J. Foy, A.J. Paul, K.D.E. Stokesbury, Sarah J. Thornton, S.M. Gay III, TC. Kline Jr., V. Patrick, S.L. Vaughan, D.M. Mason, C.N.K. Mooers, and Jia Wang

Inter-Seasonal andAnnual Changes in the Distribu­tion and Abundance of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in Prince William Sound; G.L. Tho­mas, TM. Willette, J. Kirsch, J.R. Allen, Geoffery Steinhart, and R.T. Cooney

Posters

Physical Oceanographic Characteristics of Bays and Fjords in Prince William Sound, Alaska, used as Nursery Habitat by Juvenile Salmon and Pacific Herring; S.M. Gay III and S1. Vaughan

Shifts in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Com­position-Based Food Web Dependencies Provide Evidence of Biophysical Coupling in Prince William Sound; TC. Kline Jr.

Intertidal and Subtidal Effects and Recovery

Presentations

Comparison of Study Designs for Assessment of Injury to Intertidal Areas following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Lyman L. McDonald, Charles H. Peterson, and Roger Green

Seven- Year Signal of Intertidal Disturbance following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; WB. Driskell, J. Ruesink, D.C. Lees, J.P. Houghton, R. Gilmour, S.C Lindstrom, A.J. Mearns and Gary Shigenaka

Recovery of the intertidal areas is monitored, In part, by measuring growth of blue mussels in oiled areas and comparing the data to mussels in unoiled areas. Photo by Roy Corral

Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments 1989-1996: Part 1-Trends in Assemblage Param­eters; J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, WB. Driskell, D.C. Lees, and AJ. Mearns

Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments 1989-1996: Part II-Species Composition; D.C. Lees, W.B. Driskell, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, and AJ. Mearns

Results of Shoreline Treatment Effects Studies on Subtidal Eelgrass Meadows; Howard Teas and Howard Cumberland

Concepts of Recovery Examined using Post-Dil Spill Monitoring Data of Rocky Intertidal Assem­blages in Prince William Sound, Alaska; Scott Kimura, John Steinbeck, and John L. Skalski

Posters

Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, 1989-1996: Part III-Multivariate Analyses; WB. Driskell, D.C. Lees, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, and A.J. Mearns

Long- Term Infaunal Recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 1990-1997; Allan K. Fukuyama, Douglas A. Coats, Eiji Imamura, and John R. Skalski

Occurrence of an Assemblage of Intact Dead Bivalves in Prince William Sound with Implications for Bivalve Populations following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Allan K. Fukuyama and Glenn R. VanBlaricom

Subtidal Bivalve Population Structure in Prince Will­iam Sound, Alaska: Comparisons between Oiled and Unoiled Areas following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Allan K. Fukuyama and Glenn R. VanBlaricom

Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, 1989-1996: Part IV-Bivalve Recovery Patterns; D.C. Lees, W.B. Driskell, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, and A.J. Mearns

Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, 1989-1996: Part V-Hard-Shelled Clams; J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, D.C. Lees, and WB. Driskell

Impact and Recovery Trends in Prince William Sound Intertidal Mussels and Clams; Gary Shigenaka, Rebecca Z. Hoff, Douglas A. Coats, and Allan K. Fukuyama

Subsistence, Communities, and Human Dimensions

Presentations

The Alaska Oil Spill Task Force: A Ten- Year Retro­spective; Thomas S. Nighswander

Villages, Subsistence, and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill-What Was Learned?; Judith M. Meidinger

Risk Assessment of Crude Oil Contaminants in Sub­sistence Seafood from Prince William Sound; Michael Bolger and Clark D. Carrington

The Legacy of Impacts to Human Communities: A Synthesis of Findings; John C. Russell

The Economic Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Alaska Natives: A Ten- Year Retrospective; John W. Duffield

The Long-Term Sociocultural Consequences of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; James A. Fall

Continuity ofSubsistence in Four Gulf ofAlaska Com­munities; Charles J. Utermohle and Robert J. Wolfe

Some Effects of Land Buybacks in Oil Spill Commu­nities; Craig Mishler

Community Recovery from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Mitigating Chronic Social Impacts; J. Steven Picou, G. David Johnson, and Duane A Gill

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Effort; Rita A. Miraglia, Hugh Short, Henry P. Huntington, and Patty Brown-Schwalenberg

Surf Scoter Life History and Ecology: Linking Satel­lite Telemetry with Traditional Ecological Knowledge; Daniel H. Rosenberg and Michael J. Petrula

Distribution of Herring and Other Forage Fish as ObseNed by Resource Users; Jody Seitz

Proactive Resource Management by Native People in the Aftermath of the Spill; Monica Riedel

Youth Area Watch; Jennifer Childress and Joshua Hall

II '" T IiJESTff1TWNft

Posters

Sampling Strategy for Evaluating Subsistence Sea­food Safety following an Oil Spill; L. Jay Field

Community Stress Management for Technological Disasters: A Guidebook for Community Leaders and Mental Health Professionals; Lisa Ka'aihue

Alutiiq Pride 1/: Herring, Ducks, and Clams; Gary Kompkoff and William E. Simeone

Oil Spill Response: Assessing Exposure of Fishery Resources to Petroleum Compounds; Margaret M. Krahn, Donald W. Brown, Jon Buzitis, Tom Hom, Lawrence C. Hufnagle, Gina M. Ylitalo, and John Stein

Managing Seafood Fisheries: Guidance beyond the Exxon Valdez; A.J. Mearns, Gerald A. Pollock, and Ruth R Vender

Archaeology and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Doug Reger

Community-Based Harbor Seal Management and Biological Sampling; Monica Riedel and Vicki Vanek

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Sociocultural Impacts: Prince WilliamSound Ethnographic Case Study; William E. Simeone and Rita A. Miraglia

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Sociocultural Impacts: Lower Cook Inlet Ethnographic Case Study; Ronald T Stanek

Oil Fate, Transport, and Monitoring

Presentations

Hydrocarbon Background Prior to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska; KA Kvenvolden, P.R Carlson, F.D. Hostettler, and RJ. Rosenbauer

The Environmental Persistence of PAH from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill,' Jeffrey W. Short, RA Heintz, Marie Larsen, and Larry Holland

Effectiveness of Oil Removal from Beaches-Eight Years after the Spill; Christine Brodersen

Three Perspectives on Recovery from Oiling and Treatment at Prince William Sound Intertidal Sites: Biology, Geomorphology, and Chemistry; Gary Shigenaka and Rebecca Z. Hoff

Robust Oil-Degrading Microorganisms Are Found on Alaskan Shores; J.R Haines, E.L. Holder, and A.D. Venosa

Long-Term Environmental Monitoring Program Data Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Intertidal Mus­sels and Marine Sediments, 1993-1996; Lisa Ka'aihue

Posters

Two Oil Spills in Prince William Sound, Alaska: 1989 and 1964; P.R. Carlson, K.A. Kvenvolden, F.D. Hostettler, R.J. Rosenbauer, and Augusta Warden

Tracking Spilled Oil in Prince William Sound: Where It Was, Where It Is, and Where It Isn't,· F.D. Hostettler, R.J. Rosenbauer, K.A. Kvenvolden, and P. R Carlson

The Role of Fine-Particle Interaction in the Natural Cleaning of Oiled Shorelines; Edward H. Owens and Ken Lee

Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil

Presentations

Effects of Oil and Other Factors on Straying of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Southeast Alaska; J.F. Thedinga, A.C. Wertheimer, R.A. Heintz, S.D. Rice, and J.M. Maselko

Persistence of Oil in Salmon Stream Deltas of Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; M.L. Murphy and S.D. Rice

Long-Term Effects of Incubating in Oiled Gravel Reduce Average Fitness in Exposed Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Populations; R.A. Heintz

Synthesis of the Toxicological and Epidemiological Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Pacific Herring; M.G. Carls, G.D. Marty, J.E. Hose, and R.M. Kocan

Lessons Learned on the Long-Term Toxicity ofOil to Fish: Intersection of Chance, Oil, Biology, Toxicol­ogy, and Science; S.D. Rice

Nearshore Predators and Their Prey

Presentations

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Sea Otters: Ten Years Later; J.L. Bodkin, B.E. Ballachey, and D.H. Monson

Interactions between Sea Otters, Sea Urchins, and Kelp following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Making Practical Uses of Paradigms in Ecology; TA. Dean, J.L. Bodkin, and S.C. Jewett

Sea Ducks and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Daniel H. Rosenberg and D. Esler

The Pigeon Guillemot in Prince William Sound: Evi­dence of Injury, Status of Recovery, and Factors Limiting PopUlations following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Gregory H. Golet, A. David McGuire, Pamela Seiser, Katherine J. Kuletz, David B. Irons, and Daniel D. Roby

Chronic Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on River Otters: Is Recovery Complete?; R.T. Bowyer, G.M. Blundell, L.K. Duffy, TA. Dean, S.C. Jewett, J.J. Stegeman, and M. Ben-David

Quantification of Cytochrome P450 1A as a Bioindicator of Exposure of Nearshore Vertebrate Predators to Residual Oil from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; B.E. Ballachey, J.L. Bodkin, D. Esler, L. Hoi­land-Bartels, G.M. Blundell, R.T Bowyer, TA. Dean, S.C. Jewett, P.W. Snyder, J.J. Stegeman, and K.A. Trust

Taking a Multiple-Species Approach to Understand­ing Recovery of the Nearshore Environment follow­ing the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill,' L. Holland-Bartels

Posters

Responses ofRiver Otters to Oil Contamination: A Controlled Study of Biological Stress Markers and Foraging Success; M. Ben-David, R.T Bowyer, and L.K. Duffy

Hydrocarbons on Prince William Sound River Otter Fur; LK Duffy, Michelle Hecker, G.M. Blundell, and RT Bowyer

MUltiyear Trends in Growth in Mytilus trossulus at Herring Bay after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Mandy Lindeberg, Susan M. Saupe, and Charles E. O'Clair

Comparison ofSchnute Growth Parameters for the Mussel, Mytilus trossulus, Estimated from Age­Length and Tagging Data; Joshua Millstein and Charles E. O'Clair

Response, Prevention, and Treatment

Presentations

Prince William Sound Risk Assessment; John Harrald, Thomas Mazzuchi, Jason Merrick, John Spahn, J. Rene van Dorp, Martha Grabowski, Tm Fowler, and Erling Saebo

Prince William Sound Oil Spill Response Readiness 1989 vs. 1999; John Kotula and Steve Provant

Improvements in Planning and Oil Spill Response Management Structures; Larry Iwamoto

Incident Prevention Command-United States; Dale Ferriere

The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team Concept,· Edward H. Owens

Alaska's Community and Nearshore Response Pro­gram; Edmund J. Collazzi

Improving Oil Spill Response Effectiveness through Training; Vince Kelly

Prince William Sound Mechanical Response; John L. Brown

Implementing an Effective Sf:8 Otter Rehabilitation Program: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; RW. Davis, 1M. Williams, P. Tuomi, and 1 Thomas

Oiled Wildlife Response in Alaska: Ten Years Later; Curt Clumpner

Alaska Advances Oil Spill Pr~vention Technology Borrowing from the U.S. Clean Aft and Clean Water Laws; Tom Chapple, Gene Burden. and Ker Rogowski

Prince William Sound Tugs-Now the Best Prevention System in the World; Steve Provant and John Kotula

The Evolution of Spill Co-ops in Alaska following the Post-Exxon Changes in State Law; Ken Rogowski and Joe Sautner

The Evolution of Vigilance' Policy Change in Prince William Sound, 1989-1999; George J. Busenberg

Posters

Alaska's Applied Oil Spill Response Research and Development Program; Edmund J. CoilaZZI

Current Status of Sea Otters Placed in Captivity following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Carol Gorbics and Linda Comerei

Advances in Oiled Wildlife Rehabilitation since the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Jay Holcomb

Oil on the Rocks: Corporate Public Discourse; Anthony D. McGill

State Scorecard on Implementation ofAlaska Oil Spill Commission Recommendations; Leslie Pearson and Larry Iwamoto

Emergency Response Communications Focusing on Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Capability; Arthur Pilot

Oil Spills in Alaska, July 1, 1995-June 30, 1998; Camille Stephens

Italian Government Response and Prevention on Environmental Impact, Safety, and Control of Marine Oil Spill Pollution; A. Zitelli and F. Cinquepalmi

Nutrition, Physiology, and Disease

Presentations

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Wild Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi); R.M. Kocan, P. Hershberger, J. Winton, M. Bradley, and Nancy EI­der

The Role of Disease in Limiting Recovery of Pacific Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska; G.D. Marty and Theodore R. Meyers

Survival, Performance, and Reproduction in Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi): Effects of Envi­ronmental Contamination, Viral Hemorrhagic Septi­cemia Virus, and Ichthyophonus hoferi; Christopher J. Kennedy and Anthony Farrell

Daily Energy Expenditure of Black-Legged Kittiwakes in Relation to Food Supply: Do Parents that Work Harder Really Raise More Young?; Patrick G.R. Jodice, Daniel D. Roby, and Kathy R. Turco

Seabird Chicks and Greasy Food: Results of Cap­tive Feeding Trials; Marc D. Romano, Daniel D. Roby, and John F. Piatt

Patterns and Spatial Scales of Foraging in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in Prince William Sound and the Gulf ofAlaska using Fatty Acid Sig­natures; Sara J. Iverson, Kathryn J. Frost, and Lloyd F. Lowry

Long-Term Effects of Oil Contamination in Alaskan Sea Otters; 1M. Williams and Laura Yates

Posters

Alaskan Harbor Seals: Indices of Health, Nutrition, and Population Alteration; Michael Castellini, Brian Fadely, Steve Trumble, and J. Margaret Castellini

Nutritional Condition as a Measure of Competitive Interactions; R.A. Heintz

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Herring and Water from the 1998 Prince William Sound Spawn­on-Kelp Fishery; P. Hershberger, R.M. Kocan, and Nancy Elder

Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment

Presentations

Long-Term Changes in Gulf ofAlaska Marine For­age Species 1953- 1998; Paul J. Anderson, John F. Piatt, James E. Blackburn, William R. Bechtol, and Tracey Gotthardt

u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service Researcher Arthur Kettle measures kittiwake chicks to determine health and growth patterns at the Barren Islands.

Photo by Roy Corral

The Food Web Supporting Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska; J.E. Purcell, L. Haldorson, E.D. Brown, K.O. Coyle, lC. Shirley, R.T. Cooney, M.v. Sturdevant, Tracey Gotthardt, L.A. Joyal, and D.C. Duffy

Mesoscale Interactions between Seabirds and For­age Fish in the Northern Gulf ofAlaska; John F. Piatt and David B. Irons

Microscale Interactions between Seabirds and For­age Fish in the Northern Gulf ofAlaska; David B. Irons, Robert Suryan, William D. Ostrand, Gregory H. Golet and John F. Piatt

Seabird Reproductive Energetics and the Fat Con­tent of Fish: Revisiting the Junk Food Hypothesis; Daniel D. Roby, Kathy R. Turco, and Jill A. Anthony

Modeling Kittiwake Foraging Behavior and Popula­tion Dynamics in Prince William Sound; R. Glenn Ford, David G. Ainley, and David C. Schneider

And an Oil Spill Ran through It: Lessons from the APEX Study of the Effects of the Exxon Valdez Spill on Alaskan Seabirds and Fish; D.C. Duffy

Posters

Potential Nesting Habitat of the Marbled Murrelet in Prince William Sound in Relation to Foraging Area; Robert L. DeVelice, Connie J. Hubbard, and Katherine J. Kuletz

Sand Lance in Relation to Bottom Type in Prince William Sound, 1998; William D. Ostrand and L.Joyal

Seabird Foraging in Prince William Sound, 1994­1998; William D. Ostrand, John M. Maniscalco, L.A. Joyal, and Tracey Gotthardt

Jellyfish in Prince William Sound: Abundance, Ag­gregation, and Feeding Rates on Zooplankton; J.E. Purcell, E.D. Brown, R.T. Cooney, K.O. Coyle, L. Haldorson, T.C. Shirley, K.D.E. Stokesbury, and M.V. Sturdevant

u P DRE~TffiTWNA ~T

Continued from Page 1 additional protection of habitat important for restoration of injured species.

The Trustees have been setting aside $12 million a year into a savings account known as the Restoration Reserve. The reserve ac­count, along with other unallocated funds and accrued interest, is expected to be worth about $170 million by 2002, after the last pay­ment in a to-year $900 million settlement with Exxon arrives.

With this decision, the Trustees have dedi­cated about 60 percent of available funds or $432 million for habitat protection in the spill region. The program is responsible for acquir­ing title, conservation easements, or timber easements on about 650,000 acres, including more than 300 salmon streams and 1,400 miles of shoreline.

The remaining 40 percent or $285 million has funded one of the largest marine science efforts in the world, including hundreds of studies to help better understand the dynam­ics of the ecosystem as a whole and the individual roles played by fish and wildlife species. The research and restoration effort also provided $26.2 million for the Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward, $4.3 million for ar­chaeological repositories and exhibits in the spill region, and $5.1 million in programs to reduce marine pollution.

"This long-term restoration plan contin­ues what has been a highly successful effort to protect important upland habitat and the marine environment for the benefit of in­jured species," said Trustee Marilyn Heiman, special assistant for Alaska to Sec­retary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt. "This plan insures areas important for nesting, spawning, and molting will be protected in perpetuity. And through science, we can also gain critical information to better pro­tect the marine environment and help impacted communities."

The research and restoration fund will start with about $115 million. Earnings from in­vestments (at the nominal interest rate of 5 percent per year) would provide about $6 million annually to fund a long-term restora­tion effort. The fund would not be inflation-proofed, unless changes in federal

. law allows more investment flexibility. In addition to research, the fund would

promote development of better tools and

methods for fish and wildlife management and support community-based projects, such as enhancements to subsistence, educational programs, local stewardship of resources, and other projects that have been an on-going part of the current restoration program.

Earnings from the habitat protection fund would be flexible enough to be used for a large protection effort on Kodiak Island or elsewhere in the spill region and for protec­tion of key small parcels that are usually located at the mouths of rivers, along salmon spawning and rearing areas, or important coastal areas.

Permanent protection of the Karluk and Sturgeon rivers on Kodiak Island remains a priority for the Trustee Council. If a protec­tion package can be successfully negotiated with Koniag Corporation, owner of the land, then payment would come from the habitat protection fund.

The Council's action is based on existing authority and assumes that interest earnings would continue to be approximately 5 percent. The Council has sought Congressional help to improve its investment opportunities, but has so far been unsuccessful, at a loss of nearly $17 million over the past two years alone.

At the rate of 5 percent annu().l interest, the habitat fund earnings would provide about $2.6 million each year. The fund would focus on small tracts of valuable habitat. The Trust­ees could choose, however, to spend the principal or some of the earnings on larger protection packages.

"This is the best scenario possible for the resources and the people injured by the Exxon Valdez spill," said Frank Rue, a Trustee and Commissioner of the Department of Fish and Game. "Continuing restoration efforts and habitat protection is a win-win situation. One without the other would fulfill only half the promise the Trustees made to fully restore the environment to pre-spill conditions."

Details on how the funds will be established and managed have not yet been worked out. The Trustee Council also has other key issues to decide in the future. The Trustees must de­termine whether to continue supporting the large public involvement process with its as­sociated expenses or to have a reduced effort. They must also decide whether the Trustee Council should continue to exist as managers of the programs or to establish a differen t over­Sight entity.

Restoration Reserve continued

Ha~itat rrotection

Long-term Fund: $55 million

Total Trustee Council Investment $432 million

or 60 percent of available funds

Reseacb, MooiloMng an~

CODllDuniij·8ase~ Restoration

Long-term Fund: $115 mil/ion

Total Trustee Council Investment $285 million

or 40 percent of available funds

--u__p_-----==-nH~ES~~TW~NA--T-----=-E-

Injured Resources Update

The river otter became the second of 28 injured resources to be

declared recovered.

Continued from Paget covery," said Molly McCammon, executive director of the Council. "But it is equally clear that for several species and the ecosystem in general, there is a long way yet to go."

The Trustee Council declared the river ot­ter to be fully recovered, joining the bald eagle as the only other species to have bounced back completely from oil spill injuries. River otters feed in the intertidal regions where much of the oil ended up.

Although the overall health of the Prince William Sound and Gulf of Alaska ecosys­tems are generally improving, eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery, McCammon said. Species listed as not recovering include har­lequin ducks, killer whales, harbor seals, three species of cormorants, common loons, and pigeon guillemots.

Several other species are making signifi­cant progress toward recovery, but have not yet met specific recovery objectives. Sea ot­ters, marbled murrelets, black oystercatchers and Pacific herring each moved up on the list of injured resources to the "recovering" cat­egory. They join pink salmon, sockeye salmon, common murres, and mussels on that list. Other resources, such as intertidal and subtidal communities, sediments, and ar­

chaeological sites, are also considered to be making progress toward recovery.

The Trustee Council's action to update the list of injured resources comes as a prelude to the 10th anniversary of the historic spill. "Ten years ago, no one could answer questions about what the long-term effects of this spill would be," McCammon said. "Today, we can look back and see that in western Prince Wil­liam Sound, oil remains on some beaches, sea otters are not repopulating once-oiled areas, Pacific herring suffered a complete collapse and are just now rebuilding to harvestable levels, and the people who live, work and play in the region continue to live with the impacts of spilled oil."

Today's impacts are subtle, probably un­detectable to the average tourist traveling through Prince William Sound, McCammon noted. "Unless you know where to look, you will probably never see oil on the beaches," she said. "And unless you make your living fishing for herring or you subsist on your ability to hunt harbor seals or you are used to seeing a much larger pod of killer whales, then you would not see the lingering effects of the oil. The ecosystem is well on its way to recovery, but the long-term impacts on individual populations may take decades to fully heal."

Status of Injured Resources

RECOVERING RECOVERED

Species are showing little or no clear improvement since spill injuries occurred.

Substantive progress is being made toward recovery objective. The amount of progress and time needed to achieve recovery vary depending on the resource.

Recovery objectives have been met.

Common loon Archaeological resources Pacific herring Bald eagle

Cormorants (3 spp.) Black Oystercatcher Pink salmon River otter

Harbor seal Clams Sea otter

Harlequin duck Common murre Sediments RECOVERY UNKNOWN Killer whale (AB pod) Intertidal communities Sockeye salmon Limited data on life history or extent of injury;

Pigeon guillemot Marbled murrelet Subtidal communities current research is inconclusive or not complete.

Mussels Cutthroat trout

Designated Wildemess Areas

Dolly Varden

Resources in boldface have each moved on this Recovery Line during Kittlitz's murrelet the most recent update (February 9, 1999) Rockfish

U P T EoRESmTmNA

The Trustee Council decided March 1 that the human services of subsistence, com­

mercial fishing, recreation/ tourism and passive uses are each recovering from the spill, but have not fully recovered.

To evaluate the status of subsistence, the Council funded a joint effort by the state Divi­sion of Subsistence and the Chugach Regional Resources Commission to conduct household interviews in Tatitlek, Chenega Bay, Cordova, Port Graham, Nanwalek, Ouzinkie, Larsen Bay, and Old Harbor. When compared to in­terviews conducted in 1993, the recent survey showed that fewer people are experiencing a post-spill decline in subsistence use. Harvest levels in those communities are at or approach­ing pre-spiJllevels. Concerns remain, however, about the availability of certain resources, such as harbor seals, herring, and clams.

Residents indicated that maintaining har­vest levels requires greater harvest effort (traveling farther, spending more time and money). Subsistence users also rely more heavily on fish and less on marine mammals and shellfish. The cultural and nutritional im­portance of each resource varies, and these changes in diet composition are a serious con­cern to subsistence ..--.-.. users.

I ,ll j~ \".,The spill disrupted If "" ' t',i'opportuni ties for young people to learn ... ! t'"-', ,,"'.',' f ';, I.'ty... r '" cultural subsistence practices and led to Jl]:*!, 'i

¥~ .. " •r' C ~--decreased sharing of

. ~,subsistence resources,

, ... ...,~~,. ~ . ~

an integral aspect of ~'ot(~\ ". the culture. The 1998 J .~~~ interviews indicated

Until pink salmon, sockeye that concerns about salmon and herring recover these aspects of sub­ completely, commercial sistence had lessened, fishing Will be considered to

be recovering,but more than half re­sponded that the traditional way of life has not recovered since the spill.

Pink salmon, sockeye salmon, and herring are each listed as recovering from the effects of the spill. In 1989, most fisheries in the spill region were closed due to the threat of oil contaminating the catch. Beginning in 1993, the herring fishery in the sound was closed for four successive seasons due to a complete collapse of the herring population. Salmon fisheries were closed only in 1989. A num-

Residents of some remote communities

report that subsistence

uses are increasing, but

more harvest effort is

required and food types are

changing.

ber of economic changes, such as the in­creased world supply of salmon and reduced prices, are also confronting commercial fish­ers. Ten years after the spill it is not clear to what extent, if any, the spill is influencing the economics of the industry. However, until the species on which commercial fishing depends are recovered from the spill, commercial fish­ing will not be considered recovered.

To evaluate the status of recreation and tour­ism, Council staff interviewed people whu recreated extensively in the spill area before the spill and currently. Nearly all of those with ex­perience in Prince William Sound and along the outer Kenai coast reported continued dimin­ished wildlife sightings, particularly in heavily oiled areas such as around Knight Island. Their observations were generally consistent with Council scientists' findings that several re­sources important for wildlife viewing-killer whales, harbor seals, sea otters, several species of seabirds-have not recovered from the spill. Some sportfishing and hunting resources-cut­throat trout, Dolly Varden, and harlequin ducks-also are not recovered.

The interviews also indicated that some beaches, particularly in the western sound, are still avoided by some recreational users, par­ticularly kayakers and campers, because of the presence of residual oil.

In regard to passive use, which involves the appreciation of the aesthetic and intrinsic val­ues of undisturbed areas, recovery is tied to public perceptions of injured resources. The Council has undertaken a comprehensive pro­gram to restore injured resources and has made an extensive effort to inform the public about the status of restoration. However, because re­covery of a number of resources is incomplete, the Council finds passive use to be recovering from the spill but not fully recovered.

Subsistence, commercial fishing, recreation/tou rism still recovering 10 years later

Although tourism is up compared to 1989 and recreational use is highly popular, some impacts are continuing. Photos by Roy Corral

\

Join us for a Report to the Nation, a one-day public event to detail the lessons learned from the nation's worst oil spill.

Tuesday, March 23, 1999 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m.

Egan Convention and Civic Center, Anchorage All Presentations are FREE

•'

Restoration Office , 645 G Street, Room 401 ~~ . Anchorage, AK 99501-3451

Bulk Rate U.S. Postage

PAID Permit #1013

Anchorage, AK