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Sculptural Art
ry-F
in Early Buddhist (of Western Maharashtra(A Stylo-Chrono Study)
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ContentsPreface
List of Figures and Maps
Abbreuiations
1. Introduction
Distribution of Cave Sites
sculptures in Hinayana Buddhist caves of western MaharashtraPrevious Stuciy
Statement of the Problem
Research Methodology
AnAssessment of the Sculptures2. Geographic and Historical Background of the Region
Geographical Background
Historical Background
Early Satavahanas
The Kshaharata Rule and later Satvahanas
3' Stylo-Chrono Categorization of Sculptures in Early Buddhist Caves of Western MaharashtraPeriod I .
Sculptural Motifs, their General Style and DatesPeriod I-a
Sculptural Motifs and Generat StyleArchi tectural Peculiarities
Period I-b
Sculptural Motifs and General StyleArchitectural Peculiarities '
Period I-c
Sculptural Motifs and General stylePeriod I-d
Sculptural Motifs and General Style
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ix
XV
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1
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4
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D
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t1
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t4
L4
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1,6
T7
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(xviii)
Architectural Peculiarities
Period I-e
Sculptural Motifs and General Style
Architecrural Peculiarities
General Development Noticed in sculptural Motifs and design during Period I
Period- IISculptural Motifs and General Style
Period II-a
Sculptural Motif and General Style
Architectural Peculiarities
Period II-b
Sculptural Motifs and General Style
Architectural Peculiarities
Period II-c
Sculptural Motifs and General Style
Architectural Peculiarities
Period II-d
Architectural Peculiarities
Period II-e
Sculptural Motifs and General Style
Architectural Peculiarities
4.DescriptiveandAnalyticalAccountofSculpturesinVariousSites1.. Bhaja Caves
DescriPtion of the Cave22
DescriptionoftheSculpfuralBas-ReliefsontheLowBenchDiscussion
SculPtures on the CaPitals
Discussion on the SculPtures
Description of Door-keePer or DrsarapalaYal<shassculptures on the back wall
Discussion
Narrative Panels
Relief to the Left of the DoorwaY
Identification of the Panel
Discussion
Relief to the Right of the DoorwaY
Identification of the Panel
18
18
18
19
L9
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2'1.
21.
2'L
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(xix)
Dirussion
Sculptures on the Roof
Sculptures in the Interior of the ViharaDescription of Bhaja Cave L2
Dirussion on the Sculptures
observation on sculptural style, its Development and DateI i=lkhora Caves
A Brief htroduction to the Caves
Description of Important Caves
Dirussion on in-Situ Sculptures.in Cave 3
Dirussion on the in-Situ Sculptures in Cave 4
Dirussion on Detached SculpturesFtee Standing Sculpture
Concluding Observation
-:" \alsur Caves
Concluding Observationr- K.:rrdane Caves
Description of the Important CaveDescription of the Sculptures
Discussion on Style of the Sculptures
-{rchitectural Peculiarities
chronological Placement of rhe chaityaHall and its sculptures
,Concluding Observationsi. ==nar Tuljalena Group of Caves
Tuljalena Group
Architectural Description of the CaveConcluding Observations
: \cik Early Caves
\asik Cave 18 and L9- --rar Manmodi-Bhutling
Description of Bhutling Chaity a HallDescription of the Sculptures
Dirussions on the panel
Description of the sculptures Flanking the spandrels of the ArchDrrussion on the Figures
Other Motifs on the Facade
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41.
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JJ
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5/
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6L
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b5
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(xx)
General Discussion on the Architecture and Sculptures of the Cave
Chronological Placement of the Cave and its Sculptures
Concluding Observations
8. Bedsa
Description of Cave Z the Chaitya Hall
Description of the SculPtures
Discussion on the SculPtures
Chronology
Concluding Observations
9. Karle
Description of the Cave
Mithuna Sculptures on the Back Wall of the Verandah
Mithunas on either ends of the Screen Wall
Discussion on the Mithunas in the Verandah and screen wall
MithunaFigures on the Sidewalls of the Verandah
MithunaFigures Flanking the Large Cluitya Window
Discussion on the Pillars within theChaitya Hall and their Capital Figures
General Discussion on the Inscriptions in the Cave
AnA4alysis of the Style of Mithunas Figures at Karle
Chronological scheme Derived by scholars for Karle chaityaHall
Analysis of Artistic Elements in Karle for deriving a chronology
Concluding Observations
L0. Nasik: Later Caves
Sculptures of Period II-a
Sculptures of Period tr-b
Cave 3
Discussion on the SculPtures
Concluding Remarks
Cave L
Sculptures of Period II-c
CaveZ
Cave-4
Nasik Cavel7
Sculptures in the Cave
Cave24
Concluding Observations
57
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69
7't
7L
72
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nn78
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100
(xxi)
11. Kuda 101
Discussion on the Sculptures 101
Concluding Observations 104
UL Kanheri 104
- -Diseussion on the Sculptunes o_f Period tr-d 106
Concluding Observations 1f3
Eone Common Sculptural and Architectural Motifa and their Stylo-Chrono Developments ll4114Yakshas
Mithuna 115
C'aia-Iakshmi ll7Nagas tl7Animal Figures 119
NaturalAnimals 120
Eephants L20
fions l2lDull l2lArchitectural Elements 122
Pillars Capitals 122
\bdika or Railing Design .124(Oonclusion 126
Smre Inscriptions in Western Indian Caves that have a Direct Bearing with the Chronology
Bibliography135
140