Early Modern English-121

7/28/2019 Early Modern English-121

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The Death of Chaucer at the close of the 15th century

marked the beginning of a new era in the English

language history which is known as Early Modern

English ( EMoE).

EARLY MODERN ENGLISH1500-1800


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EMoE was mainly marked by:

* A major change in the vowel system which is known as the

* The development of a single literary and administrative

variety of the language that was later to be
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During this period, a great interest in learning arouse in

England leading to the establishment of a group that is called

the inkhorn people. It refers to a group of educated people

who became more aware of the importance of language as

they studied the writings of the Latin and Greek languages.


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They called for the use of these two classic languages. Sir

Thomas Elyot and Sir Thomas More represented this group.


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ME with its many variations and dialects was

replaced by a new and more standardized language

with a richer lexicon and an established and original

literature.

What Aspects Differentiate ME from EMoE?


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3. The influence of the classical languages: Latin,

Greek and French remained strong and they

continued to be major sources of loanwords.

The Word Stock of English expandedgreatly for the following reasons:


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4. Spanish and Portuguese became new sources for

English to borrow from.

5. Many other languages as: Scandinavian, Italian,

German , Arabic and other Asian languagescontributed to the word stock of English.


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6. The British Colonization to America which started in

the 15th century. Native American languages began to

influence and supply English with many words, too.


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A standard language is the one that is widely spread over a

large area, and respected by its people and recognized for

its usefulness. English suffered once of inferiority from its

speakers, but suddenly during the fifteenth century it

gained a high status in the society and started developing as

the only standard language that should be dealt with.


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While Latin started to decline, English was studied,

described, codified in order to be given its legal status. In

order to gain standardization, English cared about two

aspect:

* Dictionaries

* Grammar Books


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I. The first dictionary appeared in

1604 by Robert Cowdrey. The

dictionary ( A table of Alphapeticall)contained 2500 rare and borrowed

words.

Early Modern English Dictionaries:


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II. John Bullokars Dictionary ( An English Expositor)appeared in 1616 for archaic words.
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III. Henry Cockermans dictionary ( English Dictionarie )appeared in 1623 for refined and vulgar words.

IV. Thomas Blounts dictionary ( Glossographia)appeared in 1656. It contained 11000 entries with theetymology of words.

V. Edward Cockers dictionary ( EnglishDictionary) appeared in1704.


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VI. Nathan Baileys dictionary ( Universal EtymologicalEnglish Dictionary) in 1721 contained 48000 entries of ordinarywords with etymologies, cognate forms and stress placement.


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The most important dictionary was Dr. Jonsons Dictionary ( A

Dictionary of the English Language), an impressive academic

achievement in its own right, appeared in 1755. Dr. Johnsons

goal was not to reform but to register the language

It was significant for the following reasons:

1. It was the first English-English dictionary.


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2. It contained 43.000 words which helped to fix and stable the

spelling of English.

3. It contained illustrative quotations from famous works of

Shakespeare and Chaucer.

4. It was a model for OED which we use it today.


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It is called the Golden Age of English Literature dueto the extensive number of poets, writers play writers,

literary works produced and the number of words that were

coined and added to English at that time. The bible

translation from Latin into English continued.

Early Modern English Literature


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The most important poets are:

Edmund Spenser

EdmundSpenser was born in

East Smithfield, London around

the year 1552. As a young boy,

he was educated in London at

the Merchant Taylors' School and

Cambridge.


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Sir Philip Sidney:

was born in November 1554,

In Kent. He was the eldestson of

Lord Deputy of Ireland.

He studied at

at the age of ten. He didntcontinue his education due to

travelling all through the

continent. Among the places

he visited were Paris,Frankfurt, Venice, and Vienna.
http://www.shrewsbury.org.uk/http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/henrysidney.htm


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Edmund Spencers famous works are

Letter to Queen Elizabeth I

A dialogue Between Two Shepherds

Astrophel and Stel la

The Lady o f May

Certain Sonnets

Arcadia


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Christopher Marlow:He was a great Elizabethan

playwright. He was born

in Kentin February 1564.

His family was rich, so he

he was sent to the KingsSchool. His famous works

are :

* Tamburline the Great and

* Dr. Faustus.


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John Milton:

A great English writer

of the 17th Century.He

was also a great believer

in liberty. He studied at

St Paul's school. He

Attended CambridgeUniversity in 1625.


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He wrote the famous religious epic called Paradise Lost.Milton acquired a considerable reputation in his lifetime that

only grew after his death and he was considered the greatestof English poets in the Victorian era.

His other famous works are:

Sonnets

Paradise Regained

On Christian Doctrine


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