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Early Years of the War
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
• N: named battle after nearest creek/river
• S: named battle after nearest town
• N. Gen. McDowell marches troops SW of DC to fight southern troops lead by Gen. Beauregard
• Sunday afternoon, rich DC people bring picnic lunches to watch
• Union outnumbers the South but Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson holds his ground
• Inspired rest of southern troops– rebel yell is first heard
• Union troops panic and retreat back to DC, picnic goers get in the way– huge mess
• McDowell fired and Lincoln appoints McClellan
War at Sea• North wanted to hurt South
economically by cutting off trade with Europe
• N ships stretched from VA to Fl and in Gulf of Mexico to TX
• South tried using blockade runners to get into open ocean
• First submarine created– The Huntley
• Ironclads– see handout
The War Out West
• After Bull Run not much happens in east for awhile– each side regroups, trains
• Battles occur in TN, KY, and MS, North tries to split south by taking Miss and TN rivers
• N. Ulysses S. Grant wins battles in KY to prevent South from getting KY to secede
Battle of Shiloh• Huge battle near RR junction in Shiloh,
MS
• Grant’s troops surprised early in morning by southern attack (Grant made mistakes)
• Battle lasts 2 days, very bloody, North wins with help of reinforcements
• Both sides suffer huge casualties– killed, wounded, or missing
• Bloody pond, Hornets Nest, Peach Orchard, pigs at night, stolen breakfast
Seven Days Battle• Lincoln orders
McClellan to attack Richmond, he takes ships south along coast
• McClellan takes too much time, Lee prepares defenses
• Several battles take place between Richmond and the coast– Seven Days Battles
• North wins most of the battles but McClellan retreats each time
• Lee uses his cavalry lead by JEB Stuart to circle the Union forces– hit and run attacks, cause major trouble
• JEB Stuart becomes a hero in newspapers, McClellan retreats back to DC
Battle of Antietam• Lee and Stonewall Jackson
join their forces 20 miles from DC
• Jefferson Davis orders Lee to invade Maryland– wants to win major battle get support from Europe
• McClellan’s troops chase the Southerners and find battle plans wrapped around cigars–Lee’s army was split in 5 parts– McClellan too slow, misses chance
• Two armies meet at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, MD
• Single bloodiest day in US history
• Heavy fighting at Burnsides Bridge, Bloody Lane, and the cornfield
• Neither side really wins but South retreats
• McClellan didn’t chase them, gets fired
• Lincoln uses this “victory” to free the slaves