EarthWise™ CenTraVac™Water-CooledLiquid Chillers

165-3950 Tons50 and 60 Hz

CTV-PRC007-ENOctober 2002

CVHE — Three-Stage Single Compressor CenTraVac — 60 Hz

165 500

CVHF — Two-Stage Single Compressor CenTraVac — 60 Hz

325 2000

3950

GPC — Gas Powered CenTraVac Package — 50 Hz

170

CDHF — Dual Compressor CenTraVac — 60 Hz

1500 3950

CDHG — Dual Compressor CenTraVac — 50 Hz

1200 2500

CVHG — Three-Stage Single Compressor CenTraVac — 50 Hz

450 1300

Tonnage Ranges By CenTraVac Model Number

CTV-PRC007-EN© 2002 American Standard Inc. All rights reserved.

A Continuous Standard ofOperational ExcellenceAt Trane we’ve found that the straightestpath to reliability is simplicity. The TraneCenTraVac chiller has only one movingpart — a single rotating shaft supportedby two aircraft-turbine-rated bearings.This direct-drive concept minimizes thechance of failure by reducing thenumber of critical parts — there are nogear boxes, couplings, extra shafts, orshaft seals. This simpler design reduceswear and drag on parts, resulting inmore sustainable, reliable and efficientoperation.

Engineered to beEconomically andEnvironmentally SuperiorThe Trane EarthWise CenTraVac has aproven track record as literally theworld’s most efficient, lowest emissionschiller. In fact, a portion of the productline is selectable at an unmatchedefficiency level of .48 kW/ton, at standardARI rated conditions. This is an efficiencylevel of 16 to 25 percent better thancompetitive chillers, which are typicallyin the .56 to .60 kW/ton range.

The Trane EarthWise chiller also has thelowest total refrigerant emissions in theindustry. So low that it’s essentially aclosed system.

DuPont’s Suva-123 For TheLowest Total RefrigerantEmissions In The IndustryThe key to the industry’s highest energyefficiency and lowest leak rate is the useof a low pressure refrigerant DuPontcalls SUVA-123; a refrigerant that has thelowest direct-effect global warmingpotential and the highestthermodynamic efficiency of all non-CFCrefrigerants; a refrigerant in use in morenew centrifugals today than all otheralternatives combined.

Tracer™ CH530 ChillerControllerThe Tracer™ CH530 is a new chillercontroller technology developed byTrane for use on large chillers.CenTraVac™ chiller control now includesfeedforward algorithms that dramaticallyshorten chiller response time energy-saving variable pumping strategies; andenhanced adaptive™ control to keep thechiller on line, even under adverseoperating conditions. The CH530controller includes unit mounted controlpanel, main processor and DynaViewoperator interface.

Feedforward Adaptive ControlStrategiesFeedforward is a predictive controlstrategy designed to anticipate andcompensate for load changes viaentering water temperatures. Thefollowing control capabilities are nowpossible with Trane CenTraVac chillers:

• Soft loading

• Multi-objective limit arbitration

• Fast restart

• Adaptive frequency drive control (AFD)

• Variable primary flow (VPF)

• Variable flow compensation

• VPF with AFD

• 34°F leaving water temperature

Introduction

World’s MostEfficient LowestEmissions Chiller

EarthWise™ HVAC SystemDesignsThe EarthWise System is a designphilosophy that reduces first cost, lowersoperating costs, and is substantiallyquieter than traditional applied systems.Central to the design are low flow, lowtemperature, and high efficiency for bothairside and waterside systems, alongwith optimized control algorithms forsustainable performance.

EarthWise Systems are less expensive toinstall and operate than conventionaldesigns. Trane Integrated Comfortsystem (ICS) control technology assuresthat the EarthWise System deliversoptimal, reliable performance.

With smaller equipment and ductwork,the EarthWise concept reduces designtime by simplifying the HVAC layout.Supplying less airflow at coldertemperatures permits quieter operationand reduces relative humidity in thebuilding, improving indoor air quality.

Compared to conventional designs, anEarthWise chilled water system canreduce the total cost of ownership bycutting installation and operational costs.

To learn more about EarthWise Systems,visit

www.trane.com/commercial/issues/earthwise_systems

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Contents

Introduction

Features and Benefits

Unit Options

System Options

Application Considerations

Selection Procedure

Performance Data

Jobsite Connections

Controls

Weights

Physical Dimensions

Mechanical Specifications

Standard Conversion Table

2

5

12

19

24

25

27

31

32

41

43

50

55

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Introduction

System Design FlexibilityWhen a source of energy other thanelectricity is required, the TraneCenTraVac has a pre-engineered controloption that allows it to be coupled to aWaukesha Enginator. The Gas-PoweredChiller* option allows you to convertnatural gas to chilled water. With COPsin the range of 1.5 to 2.2, this option is avery simple and attractive alternativewhen an alternative fuel source isdesired.

The CenTraVac chiller and Waukeshaengine are capable of both base andpeak shaving. Further, the packaging ofthe GPC allows for the engine to be setremote from the chiller. This is helpful insituations when floor space or soundsensitive areas are being considered.

Unmatched Local ExpertiseThe performance and reliability of aCenTraVac™ chiller is backed by a localteam of engineers that can help answeryour questons or solve your problemsregarding system design application,installation or evaluate equipmentalternatives. No other manufacturer canoffer that degree of support to itscustomers.

Delivery And Design FlexibilityIf delivery time is a priority, Trane canmeet your needs with a variety of quickshipment choices.

Design flexibility means Trane cancustom build a unit to specific jobrequirements. Design parameters suchas shell type, compressor, kW/ton,waterside pressure drop, as well as fulland part load performance can be builtto meet requirements.

ISO 9001 CertificationISO 9001 Certified Quality Systemapplies to the Trane La Crosse BusinessUnit. The sysem documents office,manufacturing and testing proceduresfor maximum consistency in meeting orexceeding customer expectations. ISO9001 requires extensive documentationon how quality assurance activities aremanaged, performed, and continuouslymonitored. Included in the system areverification checkpoints from the timethe order is entered until final shipment.In addition, product development issubjected to formal planning, review andvalidation.

The Trane Name

Performance ARI StandardCertifiedTrane centrifugal chillers tested withinthe scope of the ARI program display theARI symbol of compliance tocertification sections of ARI Standard550/590. The EarthWise™ purge is ratedin accordance with ARI Standard 580.Those applications in this catalogspecifically excluded from the ARIcertification program are:

• Low temperature applications,including ice storage

• Glycol

• Chillers above 2000 tons

• Free cooling

• Heat recovery

• Auxiliary condenser

• Chillers that use 50 Hz power

*Limited availability for International orders –Please contact International CenTraVac MarketingGroup.

District CoolingTrane’s Adaptive Control™ algorithmsand the multistage design allow all TraneCenTraVac chillers to operate at lowleaving water temperatures without theuse of glycol. This reduces the cost ofdelivering cooling capacity over longdistances. Pre-engineered thermalstorage systems using Trane chillersextend the chiller’s exceptional reliabilityto the rest of the district cooling plant.

Turbine Inlet CoolingTrane chillers are frequently used inconjunction with combustion turbines toincrease the power capacity, efficiency,and life of the turbine. Turbine inletcooling can eliminate the need for inletwater spray for reducing NOx emissions.With turbine inlet cooling, plants candelay or even avoid the need foradditional turbines, because morecapacity can be obtained from existingturbines.

5CTV-PRC007-EN

Comparing the Attributes ofLow Pressure ChillerOperation to High PressureChiller OperationTrane CenTraVac chillers continue tooffer time-tested and proven low-pressure refrigerants, including the

environment friendly HCFC-123. TraneCenTraVac chillers provide the safety oflow-pressure with continued productimprovement in leak proof design.Consider the benefits of low-pressureover high-pressure chillers:

Table 1 — Low Pressure to High Pressure ComparisonLow Pressure Medium/High Pressure

Evaporator • Always at negative pressure • Always at positive pressure• Air leaks inward at low rate • Refrigerant leaks outward at moderate rate• Refrigerant lost: (# air leak in) x purge efficiency*• No refrigerant loss is into equipment room (vented to the • Refrigerant loss is into equipment room

outside via purge)Condenser • At slightly positive pressure during operation • Always at high positive pressure

• Usually at negative pressure during inactivity (air leaksinward)

• Refrigerant leaks outward at very low rate during operation • Refrigerant leaks outward at very high rateMonitoring • Trane EarthWise purge is able to continuously monitor • Only ways to monitor leak rate on high pressure chiller areof leak rate in-leakage with the run meter — periodic leak checks

• Refrigerant monitor as required by ASHRAE — purchase refrigerant monitor• Purge can be connected to a building automation • Refrigerant monitor as required by ASHRAE

system for notification of increased purge operation (in- • Normally the only time that a leak is detected on a highleak). Similarly, the refrigerant monitor can be connected to pressure chiller is during spring startup. This means that athe building automation system. chiller which develops a leak in the summer may leak

continuously until the following spring.HCFC-123 HFC-134a

TypicalPressures Evap: 18.7 inches of Mercury Evap: 33.1 psig(38°F evap.) Cond: 6.1 psig Cond: 124.1 psig(100°F cond.)*Trane EarthWise purge efficiency does not exceed 0.02 lbs./refrigerant/lbs.-air

Features andBenefits

CTV-PRC007-EN6

Features andBenefits

ChillerController

DynaView Operator InterfaceDynaView™ is the unit-mounted controlpanel and also serves as the mainprocessor and operator interface. It has atouch-sensitive overlay on a 1/4 VGAdisplay.

DynaView presents information throughan intuitive, tabbed- navigation system.Alternate languages can be downloadedto the control panel, which can holdEnglish plus two other languages at onetime.

DynaView can be connected to theservice tool using a standard 9-pin male,9-pin female RS-232 serial cable. Theserial connection is located at thebottom of the DynaView panel behind asliding door.

DynaView receives information from andcommunicates information to the otherdevices on the chiller’s communicationslink. DynaView performs the LeavingChilled Water Temperature and LimitControl algorithms, arbitrating capacityagainst any operating limit against whichthe chiller may find itself working.

• Auto/Stop commands

• Status (all subsystems)

• Setpoint adjustment(daily user points)

• 10 active diagnostics

• Mode overrides

• ASHRAE chiller log

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Features andBenefits

ControlPanel

ServiceabilityPrevious Trane chiller controllersincluded a user interface that presentedall chiller data necessary for both dailytasks and service or maintenance tasks.The amount of information presented ona limited display made a number of tasksdifficult. A service technician’s ability toassess and resolve chiller problems washampered by the limited presentation ofmultiple pieces of chiller information.

The Tracer chiller controller adds a levelof sophistication better served by a PCapplication that improves servicetechnician effectiveness and minimizeschiller downtime. The Tracer chillercontroller provides a user interface andmain processor, DynaView, that isintended to serve only typical daily tasks.The portable, PC-based service toolsoftware, TechView, supports service andmaintenance tasks.

The Tracer chiller controller will begradually applied to all Trane chillers.TechView will then serve as a commoninterface to all Trane chillers, and willcustomize itself based on the propertiesof the chiller with which it iscommunicating. Thus, the servicetechnician learns only one serviceinterface.

The panel bus is easy to troubleshoot,using LED verification of sensors. Onlythe defective device is replaced. Captivescrews ensure that the appropriatemounting hardware is available.TechView can communicate withindividual devices or groups of devices.

TechViewAll chiller status, machine configurationsettings, customizable limits, and up to60 active or historic diagnostics aredisplayed through the service-toolsoftware interface. Any PC that meetsthe system requirements may downloadthe service interface software andDynaView updates from Trane’s Web siteat www.trane.com.

LEDs and their respective TechViewindicators visually confirm theavailability of each connected sensor,relay, and actuator.

TechView is designed to run on acustomer’s laptop, which connects toDynaView with a serial cable.DynaView’s serial port is located behinda sliding door on the bottom of theDynaView enclosure. It uses a standard9-pin male and 9-pin female RS-232cable.

Hardware requirements for TechView:

• Pentium II, III, or higher processor

• 128 MB RAM

• 1024 x 768 resolution

• CD-ROM

• 56K modem

• 9-pin RS232 serial connection

• Windows® 95, 98, 2000

CTV-PRC007-EN8

Features andBenefits

Standard FeaturesThe following features are provided asstandard with all Trane CenTraVac™chillers:

• Tracer™ Chiller Control Strategies

• Low-pressure operation that minimizesthe chance for outward refrigerantleaks.

• Hermetically sealed and precisioncooled by liquid refrigerant that keepsthe motor, drive, and equipment roomtemperatures controlled, monitoredand predictable by design. Takingpredictable reliability to yet anotherlevel, this feature also protects againstmotor-destroying elements such asdust, grit, metal shavings, highhumidity, high ambient operatingtemperatures, and process liquids orgases.

• Designed to be rugged and simple, yetamazingly quiet, the CenTraVac isdirectly driven, in low speed, by amotor shaft that is supported by twoaircraft-turbine-rated bearings. Thedesign includes industrial-gradecomponents and only one movingpart. Likewise, the design purposelyexcludes speed-increasing gears andlightweight parts that, while accessible,have a higher failure rate.

• On-line tolerance for quick changes inrefrigerant loop conditions, variablepumping strategies, and other atypicaloperating requirements.

• Purge capability when chiller is off

• Heat exchanger control

• Two-stage or single stage economizer

• Prewired instrument and control panel

• Oil and refrigerant charge

• Oil heater

• Isolation pads

• Wiring and conduit for purge and oilsystem interconnection to the maincontrol panel

• Installation, operation, andmaintenance instructions

• High efficiency purge system withautomatic regeneration capability

• Entering condenser water temperatureto 50 degrees F maintaining 3 psidifferential pressure

• Phase voltage sensors (3-phase)

• Meet or exceeds ASHRAE 90.1-1999

• Startup and operator instruction service

• Protection - See Control Section

• Motor control and compressorprotection

• Hot water control and Ice-makingcontrol

Optional FeaturesTrane offers a selection of optionalfeatures to augment the standard chillerinstallation or to modify the chiller forspecial purpose applications.

• Medium-voltage (over 600 volts)compressor motor

• Complete line of compressor motorstarters - factory installed prewired ifyou prefer

• Marine waterboxes for evaporators andcondensers

• Proof of promised performance andsound pressues

• High-pressure (300 psig) water sideconstruction

• Energy saving free cooling, heatrecovery, or auxiliary condenser

• Special tubing: smooth bore; CuNi;various tube wall thickness; andinternally enhanced

• Refrigerant monitor

• Factory-applied thermal insulation

• Spring isolators

• Building automation systems (BAS)interface

• Chilled water reset based upon outsideair temperature

• Leaving water temperature to 34degrees F w/o glycol

• Variable speed drives

• UL Label

• Three-pass or one-pass evaporator

• Chiller break apart (disassembly)

• Special paint and controls for outdooruse or corrosive environments

• Enhanced condenser limit control

• Extended operation control for externalice-building, base loading and makinghot-water

Standard andOptional Features

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During customer witnessed performance tests of Trane CenTraVac chillers, a nickelcan be balanced on the edge of the compressor-motor assembly, demonstrating theextremely low vibrations generated by the unit while operating at full and part loadconditions.

Features andBenefits

Factory Testing forAssured PerformanceTrane is part of the ARI 550/590certification program. The selectionprogram and machines bear the ARI sealof approval. Performance testing is a keypart of this program. While thecertification program is technicallysound, a factory run test, with yourmachine on the test stand, is still the bestway to confirm machine performanceand a trouble-free startup.

To prove that your chiller will perform aspromised, Trane offers factoryperformance testing, which you canwitness. Testing confirms chillerefficiency, chiller capacity, and makestrouble free startup significantly morepredictable.

Testing is in accordance with ARIStandard 550/590 and calibration ofinstrumentation meets or exceeds theNational Institute of StandardsTechnology (NIST).

Trane offers two levels of CenTraVacperformance testing:

• A performance test at designconditions plus a certified test report.

• A customer-witnessed performancetest at design conditions plus a certifiedtest report.

CTV-PRC007-EN10

CenTraVac MotorThe motor provided in the TraneCenTraVac chiller is a specially designedsquirrel-cage, two-pole induction motorsuitable for 50 and 60 hertz, three-phasecurrent.

Trane CenTraVac motors are cooled byliquid refrigerant surrounding the motorwindings and rotor. Using liquidrefrigerant results in uniform lowtemperatures throughout the motor,which prolongs the life of the motor.

Design SimplicityImpellers are keyed directly to the motorshaft for high reliability and performanceand low life-cycle costs.

Fixed Orifice Flow ControlFor proper refrigerant flow control at allload conditions, the CenTraVac designincorporates the Trane patented fixedorifice system. It eliminates float valves,thermal expansion valves and othermoving parts. Since there are no movingparts, reliability is increased.

Quiet OperationWith only one moving component — therotor and impeller assembly — the Tranelow speed, direct drive design operatesexceptionally quietly. The smoothlyrotating CenTraVac compressor isinherently quieter than other compressortypes. Typical CenTraVac chiller soundmeasurements are among the quietestin the industry. Trane can guaranteesound levels with factory testing andmeasurements in accordance withARI standard 575.

The Reliability StandardJust as a multistage turbine is moreefficient than a single stage turbine, theCenTraVac multistage compressors aremore efficient and reliable than single-stage designs.

Direct Drive Design — No Gear LossesThe direct drive compressor operateswithout speed increasing gears, thuseliminating gear energy losses.Compressors using gears suffer meshlosses and extra bearing losses in therange of three to five percent at full load.Since these losses are fairly constantover the load range, increasingly largerpercentage losses result as loaddecreases.

Multiple Stages of CompressionThe compressor operates moreefficiently over a wide range ofcapacities, virtually eliminating the needfor energy wasting hot gas bypass astypically found on single stage chillers.

The radial component of velocitydetermines the ability of the chiller toresist interruption of smooth refrigerantflow when operating at light loads andwith high condensing temperatures. Thisinterruption in flow and unstableoperation, called “surge” is avoided withthe two-stage design.

Inlet Guide VanesPart load performance is furtherimproved through use of moveabledesigned variable inlet guide vanes. Inletguide vanes improve performance bythrottling refrigerant gas flow to exactlymeet part load requirements and byprerotating refrigerant gas for optimumentry into the impeller. Prerotation ofrefrigerant gas minimizes turbulence andincreases efficiency.

Two-Stage EconomizerThe CVHE/CVHG CenTraVac chiller has atwo-stage economizer — providing up toseven percent greater efficiency thandesigns with no economizer. Since theCVHE/CVHG uses three impellers, it ispossible to flash refrigerant gas at twointermediate pressures between the

evaporator and condenser pressures,significantly increasing chiller efficiency.This improvement in efficiency is notpossible in single-stage chillers since allcompression is done by one impeller.

Single Stage EconomizerThe CVHF CenTraVac chiller has a single-stage economizer — providing up to 41/2percent greater efficiency than designswith no economizer.

Since the CVHF CenTraVac uses twoimpellers, it is possible to flashrefrigerant gas at an intermediatepressure between the evaporator andcondenser pressures, significantlyincreasing chiller efficiency. Thisimprovement in efficiency is not possiblein single-stage chillers since allcompression is done by one impeller.

Refrigerant/Oil Pump MotorThe oil pump motor is a 120 volt,50/60 hertz, 3/4 hp, 1 phase motor withprotective fusing and panel mountedcontactor.

EarthWise Purge SystemThe new purge design features a high-efficiency carbon filter with an automaticregeneration cycle. The filter collects andscrubs refrigerant and noncondensablegas and returns collected refrigerantvapor back into the chiller. When thetank senses that it is full, theregeneration cycle begins, and reclaimedrefrigerant is automatically returned tothe chiller. This keeps the purgeefficiency at its peak without the need toexchange carbon cannisters.

Normal operating efficiency does notexceed 0.02 lbs. of refrigerant lost perpound of dry air removed. The purgesystem can be operated at any time,independent of chiller operation, perASHRAE Standard 147.

Features andBenefits

The CenTraVac™ Chiller Operating Cycle

RefrigerationCycle

11CTV-PRC007-EN

CenTraVac™ Two-Stage andThree-Stage P-H DiagramThe pressure-enthalphy (P-H) diagramdescribes refrigerant flow through themajor chiller components. The diagramsconfirm the superior operating cycleefficiency of the three- stage compressorand two-stage economizer respectively.

Evaporator — A liquid-gas refrigerantmixture enters the evaporator at statepoint 1. Liquid refrigerant is vaporized tostate point 2 as it absorbs heat from thesystem cooling load. The vaporizedrefrigerant then flows into thecompressor first stage.

Compressor First Stage — Refrigerantgas is drawn from the evaporator intothe first stage compressor. The first stageimpeller accelerates the gas increasingits temperature and pressure to statepoint 3.

Compressor Second Stage — Refrigerantgas leaving the first stage compressor ismixed with cooler refrigerant gas fromthe low pressure side of the two-stageeconomizer. This mixing lowers theenthalpy of the mixture entering thesecond stage. The second stage impelleraccelerates the gas, further increasingits temperature and pressure to statepoint 4.

Compressor Third Stage — ForCenTraVac chillers with three stagecompression, the refrigerant gas leavingthe compressor second stage is mixedwith cooler refrigerant gas from the highpressure side of the two-stageeconomizer. This mixing lowers theenthalpy of the gas mixture entering thethird stage compressor. The third stageimpeller accelerates the gas, furtherincreasing its temperature and pressureto state point 5, then discharges it to thecondenser.

Condenser — Refrigerant gas enters thecondenser where the system coolingload and heat of compression arerejected to the condenser water circuit.This heat rejection cools and condensesthe refrigerant gas to a liquid at statepoint 6.

For three-stage CenTraVac chillers withthe patented two-stage economizer andrefrigerant orifice system-liquidrefrigerant leaving the condenser at statepoint 6 flows through the first orifice andenters the high pressure side of theeconomizer. The purpose of this orificeand economizer is to preflash a smallamount of refrigerant at an intermediate

pressure called P1. P1 is between theevaporator and condenser pressures.Preflashing some liquid refrigerant coolsthe remaining liquid to state point 7.

Refrigerant leaving the first stageeconomizer flows through the secondorifice and enters the second stageeconomizer. Some refrigerant ispreflashed at intermediate pressure P2.Preflashing the liquid refrigerant coolsthe remaining liquid to state point 8.

To complete the operating cycle, liquidrefrigerant leaving the economizer atstate point 8 flows through a third orificesystem. Here, refrigerant pressure andtemperature are reduced to evaporatorconditions at state point 1.

For two-stage CenTraVac chillers witheconomizer and refrigerant orificesystem-liquid refrigerant leaving thecondenser at state point 6 flows throughthe first orifice and enters theeconomizer. The purpose of this orificeand economizer is to preflash a smallamount of refrigerant at an intermediatepressure called P1. P1 is between theevaporator and condenser pressures.Preflashing some liquid refrigerant coolsthe remaining liquid to state point 8.Another benefit of flashing refrigerant isto increase the total evaporatorrefrigeration effect from RE’ to RE. Theeconomizer of two-stage CenTraVacchillers provides a 41/2 percent energysavings and the two-stage economizer ofthe three-stage CenTraVac chillersprovides a 7% savings, compared tochillers with no economizer. To completethe operating cycle, liquid refrigerantleaving the economizer at state point 8flows through a second orifice system.Here, refrigerant pressure andtemperature are reduced to evaporatorconditions at state point 1.

Figure 1 — Three-Stage CenTraVac P-HDiagram

Features andBenefits

RefrigerationCycle

Figure 2 — Two-Stage CenTraVac P-HDiagram

CTV-PRC007-EN12

A Wide Array of Low andMedium Voltage StartersTrane starters can be applied to low- ormedium-voltage applications. Thecurrent draw of the compressor motordetermines the size of the starter. Thestarter current draw must be greaterthan, or equal to, the compressor motorcurrent draw.

Low Voltage (200 to 600 volts)

• Star (wye)-delta closed transition

• Autotransformer, closed transition

• Solid-state starters

Medium Voltage (2300 to 6000 Volts)

• Full voltage

• Primary reactor, closed transition

• Autotransformer, closed transition

Factory Installed or RemoteMounted StartersAll factory installed or remote-mountedstarters provided by Trane offer thefollowing standard features for safe,efficient application and ease ofinstallation:

Standard Features• NEMA 1 starter enclosure• 120 volt, 60 hertz, 1-phase fused pilot

and safety circuits• Control power transformer (4.0 KVA)

with 120 volt, 50 or 60 hertz, single-phase

• One pilot relay to initiate start sequencefrom CenTraVac control circuit signal

• Starter enclosures capable of beingpadlocked

• 3-phase incoming line terminals• 6 output load terminals factory-

connected to the motor• Automatic transfer from wye to delta

on any two-step starter (unit-mounted)

UnitOptions Starters

Optional Features• A standard interrupting capacity circuit

breaker is mechanically interlocked todisconnect line power from the starterwhen the starter door is open.

• A high interrupting capacity circuitbreaker interlocks to disconnect linepower from the starter when the starterdoor is open.

• Circuit Breaker with Ground Fault —Protection is available with eitherstandard or high interrupting capacitycircuit breakers. An indicating light isprovided to indicate if a ground faulthas occurred.

• Current Limiting Circuit Breaker —Incorporates the current limiters withfuse links is available. A fault current inexcess of the circuit breaker capacitywill blow the fuse links and interruptthe fault current. The circuit breakercannot be reset until the blown currentlimiters are replaced.

• Ground fault detection and protection(only with circuit breaker options)

• Ammeters and voltmeters• Special function pilot lights• Special NEMA enclosures• Ground fault protection• Power factor correction capacitors• I.Q. Data Plus monitoring device

Factory-Installed Starters:• Reduces starter installation costs 20 to

35 percent• Eliminates chiller-to-starter field wiring• Eliminates starter-to-disconnect switch

field wiring (when optional circuitbreaker is used)

• Eliminates field-installed disconnectswitch (when optional circuit breaker isused)

• Eliminates starter mounting-pad andrequired equipment room floor space

• Enhances electrical system reliability• Reduces the number of field electrical

connections• Factory quality control of the starter-to-

chiller electrical connections• Factory-tested chiller/starter

combination• Optimizes control of the CenTraVac

motor/compressor start and protectionsubsystem

• Reduces system design time-- startercomponents and interconnectingwiring are pre-engineered and selected.

• Complete package available withAgency Approval

����yyyy

�yFigure 3 – Typical Equipment Room Layout – Conventional Remote Star-Delta Starter

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UnitOptions

Low-VoltageStarters

Starter by OthersIf CenTraVac starting equipment isprovided by others, the starter must bedesigned in accordance with the currentTrane standard engineering specification“Water-Cooled CenTraVac™ StarterSpecification.” It is also recommendedthat two copies of the interconnectingand control circuit wiring diagrams beforwarded to Trane for review. Thisservice is provided at no charge, and isintended to help minimize the possibilitythat Trane CenTraVac chillers will beapplied in improper starting and controlsystems. However, the responsibility forproviding proper starting and controlsystems remains with the systemdesigner and the installer.

Star (Wye)-Delta StartersOne type of low-voltage starter that canbe unit-mounted is a star (wye)-delta,closed-transition, reduced-voltage starteras shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Whenstarting and during acceleration, themotor is connected in its wyeconfiguration. Because of thisarrangement the voltage applied to themotor windings is reduced to the inverseof the square root of three or 0.58 timesline voltage. This reduction in windingvoltage results in a reduction in inrushcurrent. The inrush current is 0.33 timesthe full-voltage locked rotor currentrating of the motor. The acceleratingtorque of the motor is also reduced to0.33 times the full-voltage torque rating.This is sufficient to fully accelerate thecompressor motor. The chiller controllermonitors the motor current duringoperation via current transformers

located in the starter enclosure. Duringacceleration, when the line current dropsto approximately 0.85 times rated loadcurrent, transition is initiated. The closedtransition feature provides for acontinuous motor current flow duringtransition by placing resistors in thecircuit momentarily. This preventsbuildup of damaging torques to thesystem during this period. With thecompletion of transition, the motorwindings are connected in the deltaconfiguration with full line voltage.

Three precision current transformersmonitor phase current. Contactorposition and various voltage signalsprovide extensive interlocking betweenthe starter and the chiller controller. Alllogic and subsequent instructionoriginate in the chiller controller.Protection against the following starterdefects is provided:• High motor current (starting andrunning)

• Improper starter circuitry• Excessive accelerating time• Incomplete starting sequence• Loss of phase• Phase amperage unbalance• Phase reversal• Distribution fault

Solid-State StartersA solid-state starter controls the startingcharacteristics of a motor by controllingthe voltage to the motor. It does sothrough the use of SCRs (SiliconControlled Rectifiers), which are solid-state switching devices, and an integralbypass contactor for power control.

Figure 4 – Typical Equipment Room Layout – Unit-Mounted Star-Delta Starter SCRsAn SCR will conduct current in onedirection only when a control signal(gate signal) is applied. Because thesolid-state starter is for use on AC(alternating current), two SCRs perphase are connected in parallel,opposing each other so that currentmay flow in both directions. For three-phase loads, a full six-SCR configurationis used.

During starting, control of current oracceleration time is achieved by gatingthe SCR on at different times within thehalf-cycle. The gate pulses are originallyapplied late in the half-cycle and thengradually applied sooner in the half-cycle. If the gate pulse is applied late inthe cycle, only a small increment of thewave form is passed through, and theoutput is low.

If the gate pulse is applied sooner in thecycle, a greater increment of the waveform is passed through, and the outputis increased. So, by controlling the SCRsoutput voltage, the motor’s accelerationcharacteristic and current inrush can becontrolled.

Integral Bypass ContactorsWhen the SCRs are fully “phased on,”the integral bypass contactors areenergized. The current flow istransferred from the power pole to thecontactors. This reduces the energy lossassociated with the power pole, whichis otherwise about one watt per ampper phase.

When the starter is given the stopcommand, the bypass contactors arede-energized, which transfers thecurrent flow from the contactors back tothe power poles. Two-hundred fiftymilliseconds later, the SCRs are turnedoff, and the current flow stops.

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UnitOptions

Medium-VoltageStarters

Factory-Installed AMPGARD®Medium-Voltage Starters*The AMPGARD® medium-voltage starterfamily by Cutler-Hammer, built to Tranespecifications, is now available as afactory-installed option for use withCenTraVac chillers. That’s right, Tranenow mounts, wires, and tests 2300-6600volt starters at the factory, so you don’thave to. This reduces, or eliminatesaltogether, the time, expense, and anyadded risk associated with having thestarter installed and wired at the job.This unit-mounted convenience iscurrently only available from Trane.

AMPGARD reduces starter size to nearlyhalfMedium-voltage starters havetraditionally been freestanding, due totheir large size and weight. Not untilrecent advances in contactor technologyand component layout have medium-voltage starters been small enough tomake unit-mounting feasible. This way,the starter becomes an integral part ofthe chiller, saving on equipment floorspace.

Selecting a Medium-VoltageStarterThe things to consider when selecting astarter include: line voltage, availablecurrent, first cost, reliability, andinstallation. Unit-mounted mediumvoltage starters from Trane will beoffered in three starter types. All threestarters provide the torque required tomeet the needs of starting the chillercompressor. However, the magnitude ofinrush-current control that each starterhas is different from one starter type toanother. The starter inrush-current ratingis factored as a percentage of lockedrotor amps (LRA). When choosing thestarter type, the system designerconsiders the starter LRA, motor voltage,and motor current draw, forcompatibility with the rest of the powersystem.

* Unit-mounted medium-voltage startersare only available on units equippedwith the Tracer chiller controller.

Across-the-Line (Full-Voltage)An across-the-line starter is the smallestmedium-voltage starter option. Atstartup, these starters draw the highestinrush current at 100% of LRA, and theyhave the shortest acceleration time (3-5seconds).

Across-the-line starters make sense inmedium-voltage applicationsThe rules for selecting a starter type formedium-voltage applications aredifferent than for low-voltage. In low-voltage applications, across-the-linestarters are seldom used because oftheir high current inrush. Becausemedium-voltage motors use lesscurrent, the inrush is lower. This makesacross-the-line a reasonable choice formany medium-voltage applications. Formore sensitive applications, reduced-inrush starter types such as primaryreactor and autotransformer are alsoavailable to mount on the CenTraVacchiller.

Primary ReactorPrimary reactor type starters have aninrush current draw of 65% of LRA atstartup. Their acceleration time (3-8seconds) is slightly higher than anacross-the-line starter.

AutotransformerAutotransformer starters have the lowestinrush current draw of 45% of LRA atstartup. They have an acceleration timeof 3-8 seconds.

Standard Features• UL approved

• Cutler-Hammer AMPGARD, designedand built to Trane specifications

• Types: Across-the-line (full-voltage),Primary Reactor, Autotransformer

• Unit-mounted or remote-mounted

• Factory-installed (unit-mounted only)

• Voltage range 2300-6600 volts

• Phase voltage sensors for volts/phaseprotection, kW and under/overvoltage

• Non-load-break isolation-switch andcurrent-limiting fuses

• NEMA Class E2 fused interruptingratings@3000V 200 MVA@4600V 400 MVA@6600V 750 MVA

Optional Features• IQ300 and IQDP 4130 electrical

metering packages

• Factory-installed power factorcorrection capacitors sized specific tomotor, factory-wired and mountedinside the starter

• Ground fault protection

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UnitOptions

AdaptiveFrequency Drive

Figure 5 — CVHE500 Part Load Efficiencies with/without AFDBenefitsTrane Adaptive Frequency drives providemotor control, but they are much morethan just starters. They also control theoperating speed of the chillercompressor motor by regulating outputvoltage in proportion to outputfrequency. Varying the speed of thecompressor motor can translate intosignificant energy cost savings.

Reliable, Optimized CompressorEfficiency for Energy SavingsConventional chillers use inlet vanes toprovide stable operation at part-loadconditions. Capacity is reduced byclosing the vanes while maintaining aconstant motor speed. The drive can beused to significantly reduce powerconsumption by reducing motor speedat low load conditions. Trane patentedAFD Adaptive Control™ logic safelyallows inlet guide vane and speedcontrol combinations that optimize part-load performance.

Soft Starts Avoid Mechanical StressControlled “soft” start with linearacceleration results in limited startingcurrent to eliminate motor stress, reducepower line disturbance and provide alower power demand on start. Reducedmotor speed as a result of reducedchiller load means less current drawn,less heat generated, increased motorwinding life. This translates into longertime between compressor maintenanceand less downtime throughout the life ofthe machine.

ApplicationCertain system characteristics favorinstallation of an AFD because of energycost savings and shorter payback.Among them are:

High part-load operating hours annuallyFigure 5, based on a CVHE500, 500-tonload at standard ARI conditions, showsthat major kW savings occur at part-loadconditions, typically below 90 percentload.

Condenser water temperature relief orchilled-water resetCompressor lift reduction is required fora chiller application, both to providestable chiller operation at part-loads andto achieve greater energy savings.

Intelligent control to reduce condenserwater temperature, or chilled-water resetstrategies are key to AFD savings inchiller applications.

High kW ChargesElectric utility bills normally include bothpeak-based and consumption-basedenergy components. The demand ordistribution charges are still significantportions of the energy bill, even inderegulated markets. These charges areestablished by usage during utility peakhours, by individual peak usage or acombination. This portion may or maynot be influenced by installation of anAFD, because an AFD-equipped chillerdraws more power at full load. If thepeak chiller load coincides with utilitypeak hours, then the peak-based portionof the energy bill will increase.

The energy or kWh portion will almostcertainly be reduced because of theimproved efficiency of the chiller plantduring part-load conditions throughoutthe year. The greater the kWh charge,and the smaller the demand ordistribution charges, the shorter thepayback.

OperationThe Trane AFD controls the speed of thechiller compressor by regulating theoutput voltage in proportion to theoutput frequency to provide a nominallyconstant rate of voltage to frequency asrequired by the characteristics of the

compressor motor. Motor speed isproportional to this applied frequency.

The Trane AFD is a voltage source,pulse-width modulated (PWM) design. Itconsists of two basic power sections:

• Rectifier - An IGBT active rectifier takesincoming AC power and converts it to afixed DC voltage. The active rectifiersignificantly reduces the amount ofripple on the DC bus.

• Inverter - Converts the DC bus voltageinto a sinusoidal synthesized output ACvoltage using PWM. This synthesizedoutput controls both the voltage andfrequency which is applied to themotor.

The water cooled design consists ofthree basic power sections:

• Converter — Semi-conductor bridgerectifier takes incoming AC power andconverts it to a fixed voltage DC bus.

• DC bus filter — The converted DC busvoltage contains a significant amountof ripple. The DC bus filter smooths thevoltage ripple from the converter withcapacitors and a DC link reactor tosupply a fixed constant voltage to theinverter section. It also minimizes theelectrical harmonics generated by thedrive back to the distribution system.

• Inverter — Converts the DC voltage intoa sinusoidal synthesized output ACvoltage. This synthesized outputcontrols both the voltage andfrequency which is applied to themotor.

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UnitOptions

Patented Adaptive ControlA fourth element of AFD design is themicroprocessor control logic which isthe intelligence for the power section. Italso includes all feedback sensorsrequired for stability in the system andany required shutdown due to a fault.

The combination of speed control andinlet guide-vane position is nowoptimized mathematically and controlledsimultaneously. The increasedperformance of the microprocessorallows the chiller to operate longer athigher efficiency and with greaterstability.

Simultaneously adjusts inlet guidevanes and speed to spend more hoursat optimum efficiencyAFD speed and IGV position aresimultaneously adjusted to meet thedual requirements of water-temperaturecontrol and efficiency. The Tracer chillercontroller adjusts speed unconditionally—it does not have to wait for water-temperature control to reach setpoint orfor stable cooling load.

The Tracer chiller controller will adjustspeed as needed to track changing loador water-loop conditions. At the sametime, it adjusts the inlet guide vanes toprevent the water temperature fromdeviating from its setpoint.

When the vanes are fully open, thecompressor speed is controlling thewater temperature. Reducing the chillerload or increasing the head conditionswill cause the compressor to movetoward a surge condition.

When conditions are within the surgeboundary, vanes and speed willmodulate to control both surge marginand chiller capacity.

Mathematically optimizes inlet guidevanes and speedThe Tracer chiller controller will reducespeed until the surge pressure coefficientboundary is reached. Periodically, theAFD speed control will evaluate whetherthe boundary should be optimized. Ifoptimization is required, the pressure-coefficient boundary will be raised untilsurge is detected. Upon surge, theboundary will be reset and surgerecovery will occur. The decision tooptimize is based on whether the vaneposition has changed by an amountgreater than the optimization sensitivitysince the last optimization was done.After the boundary is established, speedcontrol will make adjustments to followthe boundary as conditions change.

AdaptiveFrequency Drive

Instability is not an issue• Variable water-flow designs—will work

in conjunction with an AFD, providedthe chiller control is a Tracer chillercontroller with the variable flowcompensation option installed. Chillercontrol with rapid water-flow variationsand large turndown have beendemonstrated with and withoutvariable frequency drives.

• Rapid changes in load—Feedforwardcontrol improves chilled-watertemperature response.

• Short chilled-water loop—Feedforwardcontrol cancels out the effect of shortwater loops.

• Parallel chiller with poor control iscausing temperature variations— TheTracer chiller controller changes speedand adjusts cooling load at the sametime. Even if there is a poorly controlledchiller in parallel, a CTV with the Tracerchiller controller will maintain excellentwater-temperature control at the bestefficiency.

• Waiting for leaving temperature toexceed threshold—The Tracer chillercontroller reduces speed to the surgeboundary based on the currentdifferential operating pressure, makinginstantaneous corrections to speed andvane settings as conditions change.

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BenefitsThe Trane patented free coolingaccessory for Trane CenTraVac™ chillersadapts the basic chiller so it mayfunction as a simple heat exchangerusing refrigerant as the working fluid.When condenser water is available attemperatures lower than the desiredchilled liquid temperature, free coolingcan provide up to 45 percent of nominalchiller capacity without operation of thecompressor. This feature may result insubstantial energy cost savings on manyinstallations.

The suitability of free cooling for anyparticular installation depends upon anumber of factors. The availability oflow temperature condensing water, thequality of the outside air, the type ofairside system, the temperature andhumidity control requirements, and thecost of electricity all have a direct impacton the decision to use a free coolingchiller.

The use of CenTraVac free coolingdepends on the availability of coldcondenser water from a cooling tower,river, lake, or pond. As a general rule ofthumb, locations which have asubstantial number of days withambient temperatures below 45°F wetbulb or more than 4000 degree-days peryear are well suited to free coolingoperation. A cooling tower usually mustbe winterized for off-season operationand the minimum sump temperature islimited by some cooling towermanufacturers. Cooling towermanufacturers should be consulted forrecommendations on low temperatureoperation. With river, lake or pondsupply, condenser water temperaturesdown to freezing levels are possible.Areas which have badly fouled air maybe more conducive to free coolingoperation than the use of an outside aireconomizer.

Airside systems which both heat andcool the air can often effectively use afree cooling chiller. Dual-duct,multizone, and reheat systems fall intothis general category. As the outsidetemperature begins to fall, the cooloutside air satisfies the coolingrequirements (through an outside aireconomizer). As the outdoor airtemperature becomes very low, theoutdoor air may need to be heated inorder to maintain the design supply airtemperature when it is mixed withreturn air. This “heating penalty” can beeliminated by using CenTraVac freecooling. Warm chilled watertemperatures provided by the freecooling chiller would allow a warmer airtemperature off the chilled water coils,eliminating the heating energy requiredby using only an outside air economizer.With today’s high cost electricity in mostareas of the country, this heatingpenalty can be very significant.

Free Cooling AllowsReduced Operating CostsConsider a CenTraVac™ chiller option thatcan provide up to 45 percent of thenominal chiller capacity — withoutoperating the compressor. Think of thesignificant energy and cost savingspossible in many applications. Thisoption is available on all Trane chillers,factory installed.

Free cooling operation is based on theprinciple that refrigerant migrates to thearea of lowest temperature. Whencondenser water is available attemperatures lower than the requiredleaving chilled water temperature(typically 50 to 55°F), the unit controlpanel starts the free cooling cycleautomatically.

When the free cooling cycle can nolonger provide sufficient capacity to meetcooling requirements, mechanicalcooling is restarted automatically by theunit control panel.

For example, a building with a highinternal cooling load is located in aclimate with cold winters. It is possible tocool the building exclusively with freecooling three to six months of the year!Free cooling payback can easily be lessthan a year.

Free cooling is completely factoryinstalled and requires no more floorspace or piping than the standardCenTraVac chiller (unlike plate frame heatexchangers).

Free Cooling Operation Schematic

Free CoolingUnitOptions

ReliabilityTwo simple valves are the only movingparts.

Single-Source ResponsibilityFree cooling is Trane engineered,manufactured and installed.

Ease of OperationChangeover on free cooling by singleswitch control.

Ease of InstallationCompletely factory-installed and leak-tested components. All valve operatorsand controls are factory wired.

ApplicationModern buildings often require someform of year-round cooling to handleinterior zones, solar loads, or computerloads. As the outside air temperaturedecreases below the inside air designtemperature, it is often possible to usean outside air economizer to satisfy thecooling requirements. There are anumber of instances, however, whereCenTraVac free cooling offers a numberof advantages over the use of an outsideair economizer. It is possible for the freecooling chiller to satisfy the cooling loadfor many hours, days, or months duringthe fall, winter, or spring seasons withoutoperation of the compressor motor. Thismethod of satisfying the coolingrequirement can result in significant totalenergy savings over other types ofsystems. The savings available are mosteasily determined through the use of acomputer energy analysis and economicprogram, such as TRACE™ (Trane AirConditioning and Economics).

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Free CoolingUnitOptions

Temperature and humidity controlrequirements are importantconsiderations when evaluating the useof CenTraVac free cooling. Lowtemperature outside air (from theoutside air economizer) often requires alarge amount of energy forhumidification purposes. Free coolingoperation helps to reduce thesehumidification costs on manyapplications.

It is important to note that thoseapplications which require extremelyprecise humidity control typically cannottolerate warmer than design chilledwater temperatures. Therefore, sincefree cooling chillers normally deliverwarmer than design chilled watertemperatures, free cooling operation isusually not applicable with systemswhich require precise humidity control.

Also, free cooling is generally not used inconjunction with heat recovery systems,since mechanical cooling must be usedto recover heat that will be usedelsewhere in the building forsimultaneous heating.

OperationFree cooling operates on the principlethat refrigerant flows to the area oflowest temperature in the system. TheTracer™ system/Chiller Plant Manager(CPM) can be used for automatic freecooling control. When condenser wateris available at a temperature lower thanthe required leaving chilled watertemperature, the CPM starts the freecooling cycle. If the load cannot besatisfied with free cooling, the CPMor a customer supplied system canautomatically switch to the poweredcooling mode. If desired, the chillercan be manually switched to the freecooling mode at the unit control panel.Upon changeover to free cooling, theshutoff valves in the liquid and gas linesare opened and a lockout circuitprevents compressor energization.Liquid refrigerant drains by gravity fromthe storage tank into the evaporator,flooding the tube bundle. Since the

refrigerant temperature and pressure willbe higher in the evaporator than in thecondenser, due to the water temperaturedifference, the refrigerant gas boiled offin the evaporator will flow to thecondenser. The gas then condenses andflows by gravity back to the evaporator.This automatic refrigeration cycle issustained as long as a temperaturedifference exists between the condenserwater and evaporator water.

The difference in temperature betweenthe condenser and evaporatordetermines the rate of refrigerant flowbetween the two shells and hence thefree cooling capacity.

If the system load becomes greater thanthe free cooling capacity either theoperator manually stops free cooling, abinary input from a customer-suppliedsystem disables free cooling or the CPMcan automatically perform this function.The gas and liquid valves close and thecompressor starts. Refrigerant gas isdrawn out of the evaporator by thecompressor, compressed and introducedinto the condenser. Most of thecondensed liquid first takes the path ofleast resistance by flowing into thestorage tank which is vented to the highpressure economizer sump by a smallbleed line. When the storage tank isfilled, liquid refrigerant must flowthrough the bleed line restriction. Thepressure drop through the bleed line isgreater than that associated with theorifice flow control device, hence liquidrefrigerant flows normally from thecondenser through the orifice systemand into the economizer.

Figure 6 — Compressor Operation Schematic

Figure 7 — Free Cooling Operation Schematic

The free cooling accessory consists ofthe following factory-installed orsupplied components:

• A refrigerant gas line, including anelectrically actuated shutoff valve,installed between the evaporator andcondenser.

• A valved liquid return line including anelectrically activated shutoff valve,between the condenser sump andevaporator.

• A liquid refrigerant storage vessel.

• Added refrigerant charge.

• Manual free cooling controls on theunit control panel.

For specific information on free coolingapplications, contact the local Tranesales office.

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Heat RecoverySystemOptions

Heat RecoveryUse of the Heat Recovery CenTraVac™can significantly reduce the energyoperating costs of many buildings byusing heat which normally would berejected to the atmosphere. Typical usesfor this heat are perimeter zone heating,reheat air conditioning systems and anyhot water requirements. Any buildingwith a simultaneous heating and coolingload is a potential candidate.

Most heating applications require watertemperatures higher than the85°F to 95°F typically sent to the coolingtower. Therefore, most heat recoverychillers are required to produce higherleaving condenser water temperatures,and thus will not duplicate the energyefficiencies of cooling-only machines.Figure 9 illustrates the typical operatingcycles of a cooling-only machine and aheat recovery machine. The mostnoticeable differences are:

1. The pressure differential provided bythe compressor is much greater forthe heat recovery cycle.

2. The amount of heat rejected from theheat recovery condenser is greaterthan that which would be rejected incooling-only operation.

3. There is a decrease in the refrigerationeffect. (RE) Higher condensingpressures increase the intermediatepressure in the economizer. Therefore,the liquid in the economizer has ahigher enthalpy during the heatrecovery mode than during standardchiller operation and the refrigerationeffect is slightly decreased. Because ofthis decreased refrigeration effect, thecompressor must pump more gas perton of refrigeration.

The effect of this increased pressuredifferential and decreased refrigerationeffect is a heat recovery machine whichhas a higher kW/ton energyconsumption during heat recoveryoperation.

Typical catalog kW/ton for heat recoverymachines operating in the heat recoverymode range from .64 to .84 kW/toncompared to a range of .61 to .79 for acooling-only machine. Not only canthere be an energy consumption penaltypaid due to the inherent differences inoperating cycles for heat recoverymachines, but traditional machinedesign can add to that energy handicap.In the past, a heat recovery machine’soperating efficiency was normallypenalized year- round by having thecapability to produce high heating watertemperatures. Impellers are selected toproduce the maximum requiredrefrigerant pressure difference betweenthe evaporator and condenser,Figure 8. Usually, that meant the impellerdiameters were determined by the heatrecovery operating conditions.

During cooling-only operation, thecondensing pressures and temperaturesare normally lower than during the heatrecovery operation. So, in essence, theimpeller diameters were oversized. Thiswould result in a compressor efficiencyduring cooling- only season which waslower than if the impellers had beenselected for a cooling-only application.

The multistage compressor andadvanced impeller design on theCenTraVac™ chiller reduce this costlyenergy penalty. Neither the capacity northe power consumption changessubstantially as the heat recoveryoperating conditions divert from thecooling-only condition. The multistagecompressor allows a closer match ofimpeller size to the operating condition.In addition, the computer designedimpellers and crossover are designed toreduce losses as the kinetic energy of therefrigerant gas is converted to staticpressure.

Figure 8 — Refrigerant Pressure Difference

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Simultaneous Heating and CoolingThe Trane Heat Recovery CenTraVac™chiller is an excellent choice forapplications requiring simultaneousheating and cooling. CenTraVac modelssave energy by recovering heat normallyrejected to the atmosphere and puttingthat energy to use providing spaceheating, building hot water or processhot water. This heat is provided at afraction of conventional heating systemscost. A heat recovery CenTraVac canprovide 95 to 120°F hot water.

An advanced computer selectionprogram chooses a heat recoverycondenser to match your needs. Twoseparate condenser shells are used withthe Heat Recovery CenTraVac chiller. Theheating circuit and cooling tower circuitare separate, preventing crosscontamination. Refrigerant gas from thecompressor flows into both condensershells allowing heat rejection to one orboth condenser water circuits.

Figure 9 — Typical Operating Cycles

SystemOptions

Heat Recovery(Cont.)

The reliability of the Heat RecoveryCenTraVac chiller has been proven ininstallations around the world. Thisoption is completely factory packaged.

To further reduce the system energyrequirements, the following designconsiderations should be incorporatedinto any heat recovery system.

Heating Water Temperatures andControl — It is always desirable to use aslow a heating water temperature as theapplication allows. Experience hasshown that a design heating watertemperature of 105 to 110°F can satisfymost heating requirements. Lowerheating water temperatures increase thechiller operating efficiency both in theheating mode and in the cooling mode.In general, the heat recovery powerconsumption will increase 7 to 14percent for every 10°F increase in thedesign heating water temperature. Aconsideration which is just as importantas the design heating water temperatureis how that temperature is controlled. Inmost cases, the heating watertemperature control should be designedto maintain the return heating watertemperature. By allowing the supplywater temperature to float, the meanwater temperature in the system dropsas the chiller load decreases and lessheat is rejected to the condenser. As themean heating water temperature drops,

so does the refrigerant condensingtemperature and pressure differencewhich the compressor is required toproduce at part load. This increases theunloading range of the compressor.

When the supply heating watertemperature to the building system ismaintained and the return heating watertemperature to the condenser is allowedto float, the mean heating watertemperature actually rises as the chillerload decreases and less heat is rejectedto the condenser. As Figure 10 illustrates,when the compressor unloads, thepressure difference that it must opposeto prevent surging remains essentiallythe same, while the compressor’scapability to handle the pressuredifference decreases. Therefore, theunit’s capability to unload without theuse of hot gas bypass is reduced.

Hot gas bypass artificially increases theload on the compressor (cfm ofrefrigerant gas) by diverting refrigerantgas from the condenser back to thecompressor. Although hot gas bypassincreases the unit’s power consumptionby forcing the compressor to pumpmore refrigerant gas, it will increase theheat available to recover for thoseapplications where significant heatingloads remain as the cooling loaddecreases.

Figure 10 — Heating Water Control

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SystemOptions

AuxiliaryCondenser

Auxiliary Condenser ForEconomical Heat RecoveryThe Trane auxiliary condenser provideseconomical heat recovery forapplications with small heating demand.The Trane auxiliary condenser optionconsists of a separate condenserconnected in parallel with the standardcondenser to provide simple heatrecovery capability for applicationswhere full heat recovery or high heatingwater temperatures are not required.Decreased life cycle operating costsresult through use of the auxiliarycondenser option because heat, whichnormally would be rejected by thecooling tower circuit, is now used forbuilding heating requirements.

ApplicationA simultaneous demand for heating andcooling is necessary to apply any heatrecovery system. Typical uses for thiswater include domestic water preheat,boiler makeup water preheat, and reheatair conditioning systems and swimmingpools, as opposed to traditional heatrecovery applications where higher

temperature water is used to satisfy abuilding heating load, provide full heatinput for domestic hot water, or providethe typically larger flow rates of hotwater for process applications. Buildinguse is not limited to the traditional heatrecovery candidates. Schools, hospitals,office buildings, and hotels have allproved to be excellent applications forthe auxiliary condenser option.

Increased Chiller EfficiencyThe auxiliary condenser not onlycaptures energy otherwise lost, it alsoincreases chiller efficiency by increasingcondenser heat transfer surface area andlowering the pressure differential thecompressor must generate. .

Auxiliary condensers are available in twosizes: standard and large. Because theauxiliary condenser is a separatecondenser, there is no crosscontamination between the coolingtower water and the heat recovery watercircuits.

No temperature controls are required.Auxiliary condensers are factorymounted and tested.

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SystemOptions

AuxiliaryCondenser (Cont.)

ControlsThe auxiliary condenser was designedfor simplicity of operation. Machine load,water flow rate, and temperaturedetermine the amount of heat recovered.There are no controls needed for heatingwater temperature because no attemptis made to maintain a specific hot watertemperature in or out of the auxiliarycondenser.

OperationThe auxiliary condenser is a factory-mounted, separate, shell and tube heatexchanger available on water-cooledCenTraVac chillers.

Because hot refrigerant gas alwaysmigrates to the area of lowesttemperature, auxiliary condenseroperation is simple. As hot gas leavesthe compressor, it is free to flow to theauxiliary condenser or the standardcondenser. Since water entering theauxiliary condenser is normally colderthan that entering the standardcondenser, the auxiliary condenser willhave a lower bundle temperature andwill attract the refrigerant gas. Theauxiliary condenser will recover as muchheat as the machine cooling load,

heating water temperature, and flow ratewill allow. All remaining heat willautomatically be rejected through thestandard condenser to the atmospherethrough the cooling tower. No controlsare needed to balance heat rejection inthe two condensers.

Good system design will include aheated water bypass to ensure thatwater does not circulate through theauxiliary condenser when the chiller isde-energized. There are several ways tobypass the auxiliary condenser. Whenthe hot water system is installed asshown in the figure below, the bypass isautomatic if the heating water pump isinterlocked with the chiller compressormotor.

Another bypass arrangement is to installa diverting valve. When interlocked withthe compressor motor, this valve divertsthe heating water flow to theconventional heating system wheneverthe chiller is not operating. These areonly examples of the many ways ofaccomplishing a bypass.

Contact your local Trane sales office forfurther specific information.

Table 2 — Auxiliary Condenser Flow Limits and Connection SizesAuxiliary Two Pass

Condenser Inter Enhanced Smooth Bore ConnectionBundle Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Size

Size Gpm Gpm Gpm Gpm (In.)Standard (80) 74 276 70 258 5Large (130) 121 453 115 423 5

Figure 11

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Ice Storage ProvidesReduced Electrical DemandIce storage is the hottest thing in coolingtoday. It has been accepted by buildingowners and tenants who are concernedabout utility costs.

An ice storage system uses a standardchiller to make ice at night when utilitiescharge less for electricity. The icesupplements or even replacesmechanical cooling during the day whenutility rates are at their highest. Thisreduced need for cooling results in bigutility cost savings.

Another advantage of ice storage isstandby cooling capacity. If the chiller isunable to operate, one or two days of icemay still be available to provide cooling.In that time the chiller can be repairedbefore building occupants feel any lossof comfort.

The Trane CenTraVac chiller is uniquelysuited to low temperature applicationslike ice storage because it providesmultiple stages of compression.Competitive chillers provide only onestage. This allows the CenTraVac chillerto produce ice efficiently, with less stresson the machine.

Simple and smart control strategies areanother advantage the CenTraVac chillerhas for ice storage applications. TraneTracer™ building management systemscan actually anticipate how much iceneeds to be made at night and operatethe system accordingly. The controls areintegrated right into the chiller. Twowires and preprogrammed softwaredramatically reduce field installation costand complex programming.

Trane centrifugal chillers are well suitedfor ice production. The unique multi-stage compressor design allows thelower suction temperatures required toproduce ice and the higher chillerefficiencies attributed to centrifugalchillers. Trane three stage and two stagecentrifugal chillers produce ice bysupplying ice storage vessels with aconstant supply of 22 to 24°F glycol.Centrifugal chillers selected for theselower leaving fluid temperatures are also

Figure 12 — Ice Storage Demand CostSavings

Ice StorageSystemOptions

selected for efficient production ofchilled fluid at nominal comfort coolingconditions. The ability of Trane chillers toserve “double duty” in ice productionand comfort cooling greatly reduces thecapital cost of ice storage systems.

A glycol solution is used to transfer heatfrom the ice storage tanks to thecentrifugal chiller and from the coolingcoils to either the chiller or ice storagetanks. The use of a freeze protectedsolution eliminates the design time, fieldconstruction cost, large refrigerantcharges, and leaks associated with iceplants. Ice is produced by circulating 22-24°F glycol through modular insulatedice storage tanks. Each tank contains aheat exchanger constructed ofpolyethylene tubing. Water in each tankis completely frozen with no need foragitation. The problems of ice bridgingand air pumps are eliminated.

When cooling is required, ice chilledglycol is pumped from the ice storagetanks directly to the cooling coils. Noexpensive heat exchanger is required.The glycol loop is a sealed system,eliminating expensive annual chemicaltreatment costs. The centrifugal chiller isalso available for comfort cooling duty atnominal cooling conditions andefficiencies. The modular concept ofglycol ice storage systems and theproven simplicity of Trane Tracer™controls allow the successful blend ofreliability and energy savingperformance in any ice storageapplication.

The ice storage system is operated in sixdifferent modes: each optimized for theutility cost of the hour.

1. Provide comfort cooling with chiller

2. Provide comfort cooling with ice

3. Provide comfort cooling with ice andchiller

4. Freeze ice storage

5. Freeze ice storage when comfortcooling is required

6. Off

Tracer optimization software controlsoperation of the required equipment andaccessories to easily transition from onemode of operation to another. Forexample:

Even with ice storage systems there arenumerous hours when ice is neitherproduced or consumed, but saved. Inthis mode the chiller is the sole source ofcooling. For example, to cool thebuilding after all ice is produced butbefore high electrical demand chargestake effect, Tracer sets the centrifugalchiller leaving fluid setpoint to its mostefficient setting and starts the chiller,chiller pump, and load pump.

When electrical demand is high, the icepump is started and the chiller is eitherdemand limited or shut downcompletely. Tracer controls have theintelligence to optimally balance thecontribution of ice and chiller in meetingthe cooling load.

The capacity of the chiller plant isextended by operating the chiller and icein tandem. Tracer rations the ice,augmenting chiller capacity whilereducing cooling costs.

When ice is produced, Tracer will lowerthe centrifugal chiller leaving fluidsetpoint and start the chiller, chiller andice pumps, and other accessories. Anyincidental loads that persists whileproducing ice can be addressed bystarting the load pump and drawingspent cooling fluid from the ice storagetanks.

For specific information on ice storageapplications, contact your local Tranesales office.

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Condenser Water LimitationsTrane CenTraVac™ chillers start andoperate over a range of load conditionswith controlled water temperatures.Reducing the condenser watertemperature is an effective method oflowering the chiller power input.However, the effect of lowering thecondenser water temperature may causean increase in system powerconsumption.

In many applications Trane CenTraVacchillers can start and operate withoutcontrol of the condenser watertemperature. However, for optimumsystem power consumption, and for anyapplications with multiple chillers,control of the condenser water circuit isrecommended. Integrated control of thechillers, pumps and towers is easilyaccomplished with the onboard Tracerchiller controller and/or Tracer Summitsystem.

Water TreatmentThe use of untreated or improperlytreated water in a chiller may result inscaling, erosion, corrosion, algae orslime. It is recommended that theservices of a qualified water treatmentspecialist be used to determine whattreatment, if any, is advisable. Traneassumes no responsibility for the resultsof untreated, or improperly treated water.

Water PumpsAvoid specifying or using 3600 rpmcondenser and chilled water pumps.Such pumps may operate withobjectionable noises and vibrations. Inaddition, a low frequency beat may occurdue to the slight difference in operatingrpm between water pumps andCenTraVac motors. Where noise andvibration-free operation are important,Trane encourages the use of 1750 rpmpumps.

Chillers are designed to ARI conditions of85°F, but Trane CenTraVac chillers canoperate with a 3 psig pressure differentialbetween the condenser and evaporatorat any steady state load without oil loss,oil return, motor cooling, refrigeranthang-up or purge problems. And thisdifferential can equate to safe minimumentering condenser water temperaturesat or below 55°F, dependent on a variety

of factors such as load, leavingevaporator temperature and componentcombinations. Startup below thisdifferential is possible as well, especiallywith the Tracer chiller controller’s softstart and Adaptive Control features.

Water FlowToday’s technology challenges ARI’straditional design of three gpm per tonthrough the condenser. Reducedcondenser flows are a simple andeffective way to reduce both first andoperating costs for the entire chiller plant.This design strategy will require moreeffort from the chiller. But pump andtower savings will typically offset anypenalty. This is especially true when theplant is partially loaded or condenserrelief is available.

In new systems, the benefits can includedramatic savings with:• Size and cost for condenser lines and

valves• Size and cost of the cooling tower.• Size and cost of the water pumps.• Pump energy (30 to 35% reduction).• Tower fan energy (30 to 35% reduction).

Replacement chiller plants can reap evengreater benefits from low flowcondensers. Because the water lines andtower are already in place, reduced flowswould offer a tremendous energyadvantage. Theoretically, a 2 GPM/tondesign applied to a system that originallyused 3 GPM/ton would offer a 70%reduction in pump energy. At the sametime, the original tower would require anozzle change but would then be able toproduce about two degrees coldercondenser water than before. These twobenefits would again typically offset anyextra effort required by the chiller.

Contact your local Trane Sales Office forinformation regarding optimumcondenser water temperatures and flowrates for a specific application.

Electrical InformationMinimum Circuit AmpacityTo properly size field electrical wiring, theelectrical engineer or contractor on aproject needs to know the minimumcircuit ampacity of the CenTraVacmachine. The National Electrical Code(NEC), in Article 440-33, defines the

method of calculating the minimumcircuit ampacity. The minimum circuitampacity is defined as the sum of twoamperages: 125 percent of thecompressor motor Rated Load Amps(RLA), plus the Full Load Amps (FLA) ofall remaining loads on the same circuit.For starter to motor wiring, there are noother remaining loads. For main powersupply to the starter, there is a remainingload consisting of the 4 KVA controlpower transformer which supplies powerto the controls, the oil pump motor, oilsump heater and the purge unit motor.Therefore, the remaining load FLAequals 4000 divided by the unit designvoltage.

As an example, calculate the minimumcircuit ampacity of a machine which hasa design RLA of 350 amps and is to beoperated on a 460 volt power supply:

Minimum Circuit Ampacity =

4000 VA(125% x 350 Amps) + 460 V

= 437.5 Amps + 8.7 Amps

= 446.2 Amps

After the minimum circuit ampacity hasbeen determined, the electrical engineeror contractor will refer to the appropriateconductor sizing table in the NEC todetermine the exact conductors required.A typical table for 75°F conductors isincluded in the Trane submittal. Theselection of conductors is based on anumber of jobsite conditions (i.e. type ofconductor, number of conductors, lengthof conductors, ambient temperaturerating of conductors).

Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and GroundFault ProtectionCircuit breakers and fused disconnectsshould be sized by the electrical engineeror contractor in strict accordance withNEC Article 440-21 and in accordancewith all local codes. This protectionshould be for motor type loads andshould not be less than 150 percent ofthe compressor motor rated load amps(RLA).

ApplicationConsiderations

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SelectionThe CenTraVac™ centrifugal chillerproduct line provides more than 200,000individual unit selections over a capacityrange of 170 through 2800 tons. Chillerselections and performance data can beobtained through the use of theCenTraVac chiller selection programavailable in local Trane sales offices. Thisprogram can provide a list of chillerselections optimized to closely matchspecific project requirements. Nominaldata and physical data for typicalcompressor-evaporator- condensercombinations are given by productfamily.

Trane Model NumberThe Trane model number defines a TraneCenTraVac with its particular componentcombination. These components alongwith the project design conditions arerequired to determine chillerperformance from the CenTraVaccomputer selection program:

• Compressor size and voltage

• Evaporator bundle size, bundle length,and number of water passes

• Condenser bundle size, bundle length,and number of water passes

• Leaving chilled water temperature,evaporator water flow rate, temperaturedrop through the evaporator

• Entering condenser water temperature,condenser water flow rate, andtemperature rise through the condenser

• Water side fouling factors for theevaporator and condenser

• Refrigerant type for operating on HCFC-123.

PerformanceThe CenTraVac computer selectionprogram provides performance data foreach chiller selection at the full loaddesign point and part load operatingpoints as required.

The Trane computer selection programis certified by ARI in accordance with ARIStandard 550/590. To assure that thespecific chiller built for your project willmeet the required performance, and toensure a more troublefree startup, it isrecommended that the chiller beperformance tested.

The CenTraVac computer selectionprogram has the flexibility to selectchillers for excessive field foulingallowances.

Fouling FactorsARI Standard 550/590 includes adefinition of clean tube fouling.Recommended field fouling allowanceshave not changed on a relative basis; thestandard fouling adjustment is a 0.0001increment from 0.0000 “clean” on theevaporator and 0.00025 increment from0.0000 “clean” on the condenser.

Chiller specifications should bedeveloped using the most currentstandard fouling factors.

It should be noted that changing thenumber of water passes or water flowrates may significantly alter theperformance of a particular chiller.To obtain the maximum benefit from thewide range of selections available,designers are encouraged to developperformance specifications and use thecomputer selection program to optimizetheir selections. This will allow theselection of the particular compressor-evaporator-condenser combinationwhich most closely meets the jobrequirements. All selections should bemade by using the computer selectionprogram.

Unit Performance With Fluid MediaOther Than WaterCenTraVac chillers can be selected with awide variety of media other than water.Typically used media include ethyleneglycol or propylene glycol either in theevaporator, condenser or both. Chillersusing media other than water areexcluded from the ARI 550/590Certification Program, but are rated inaccordance with ARI 550/590. Tranefactory performance tests are onlyperformed with water as the cooling andheat rejection media. For media otherthan water, contact the local Trane salesoffice for chiller selections andinformation regarding factoryperformance testing.

Flow Rate LimitsFlow rate limits for all pass combinationsfor evaporators and condensers aretabulated in the data section for theappropriate chiller family. Forapplications outside of these limits,contact your local Trane office.

SelectionProcedure

CTV-PRC007-EN26

Roughing-in DimensionsThe dimensional drawings illustrateoverall measurements of the chiller. Therecommended space envelope indicatesclearances required to easily service theCenTraVac chiller. A view of the unit issuperimposed on this drawing with unitsupport feet shown.

All catalog dimensional drawings aresubject to change. Current submittaldrawings should be referred to fordetailed dimensional information.Contact the local Trane sales office forsubmittal and template information, orgenerate Trane product templates online:www.trane.com/commercial/equipment/product-templates

Evaporator and CondenserData TablesEvaporator and condenser data is shownin the Performance Data section. Itincludes minimum and maximum waterflow limits and water connection sizes forall standard pass configurations and tubetype. Pressure drops are calculated bythe CenTraVac computer selectionprogram.

Full Load and Part LoadPerformanceThe CenTraVac chiller possessesexcellent performance characteristicsover its full range of operation. Themultistage direct-drive compressorenables stable and efficient operationover a wide range of capacities, virtuallyeliminating the need for energy wastinghot gas bypass typically found on singlestage chillers.

An in-depth examination of project-specific conditions and energy ratestructures should be performed toappropriately evaluate total energy costsover a period of time. TRACE™, Trane’sunique energy analysis program, isparticularly well suited for this type ofanalysis, as well as for economicevaluation of equipment and systemalternatives.

Local utilities may offer substantialmonetary rebates for centrifugal chillerswith specific operating kW ratings.Contact your local utility representativeor Trane sales office for furtherinformation.

The electrical rate structure is a keycomponent of an economic evaluation.Most power bills are constituted of asignificant demand charge in addition tothe usage charge. The full load powerconsumption of the chiller plant is likelyto set the kW peak and demand chargefor the billing period. This places anincreased emphasis on the need to keepthe full load consumption of the chillerplant low.

There are a number of variables thatshould be considered in developing anaccurate chiller load profile to use formeasuring how one machine compareswith another machine at part load. Theuse of outdoor air economizers,variations in chiller sequencing andchiller plant load optimization strategiesshould be considered. Decoupled,primary/secondary water loops orvariable primary flow designs are moreefficient ways to control multiple chillerwater plants. These control strategiesresult in one chiller operating at a morefully loaded condition rather thanmultiple chillers operating at part load,which would require more pumpingenergy.

ARI Standard 550/590 provides chillerperformance certification for the full loadcondition and the “NPLV” (non-standardpart load value). The NPLV uses ageneric weighted chiller load profile tosimplify certification of part loadperformance data. Although thesevalues are not necessarily a preciseindicator of actual energy use, they doprovide a basis for comparison.

SelectionProcedure

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Table 3 — Minimum/Maximum Evaporator Flow Rates (GPM)Shell Bundle One Pass Two Pass Three PassSize Size SBCU TECU IECU SBCU TECU IECU SBCU TECU IECU

EVSZ EVBS Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max Min / Max032S 200 216 / 1187 230 / 1237 143 / 1050 108 / 593 115 / 618 72 / 525 72 / 396 77 / 412 48 / 350032S 230 242 / 1331 258 / 1388 165 / 1212 121 / 666 129 / 694 83 / 606 81 / 444 86 / 463 55 / 404032S 250 267 / 1465 284 / 1527 177 / 1293 134 / 733 142 / 764 88 / 646 89 / 488 95 / 509 59 / 431032S/L 280 304 / 1672 324 / 1743 201 / 1474 152 / 836 162 / 871 101 / 737 102 / 557 108 / 581 67 / 491032S/L 320 340 / 1868 362 / 1947 229 / 1676 170 / 934 181 / 973 115 / 838 114 / 623 121 / 649 76 / 559032S/L 350 — / — — / — 251 / 1838 — / — — / — 126 / 919 — / — — / — 84 / 613050S 320 340 / 1868 362 / 1947 232 / 1696 170 / 934 181 / 973 116 / 848 114 / 623 121 / 649 77 / 565050S 360 383 / 2105 399 / 2194 254 / 1858 192 / 1052 200 / 1097 127 / 929 128 / 702 133 / 731 85 / 619050S 400 424 / 2332 442 / 2431 284 / 2080 212 / 1166 221 / 1215 142 / 1040 142 / 777 148 / 810 95 / 693050S/L 450 482 / 2652 503 / 2764 322 / 2363 241 / 1326 252 / 1382 161 / 1181 161 / 884 108 / 921 108 / 788050S/L 500 535 / 2941 558 / 3066 361 / 2646 268 / 1470 279 / 1533 181 / 1323 178 / 980 186 / 1022 121 / 882050S/L 550 — / — — / — 397 / 2908 — / — — / — 198 / 1454 — / — — / — 132 / 969080S 500 535 / 2941 558 / 3066 361 / 2646 268 / 1470 279 / 1533 181 / 1323 178 / 980 186 / 1022 121 / 882080S 560 602 / 3312 628 / 3453 400 / 2928 301 / 1656 314 / 1726 200 / 1464 201 / 1104 210 / 1151 133 / 976080S 630 676 / 3715 704 / 3872 452 / 3312 338 / 1857 352 / 1936 226 / 1656 226 / 1238 235 / 1291 151 / 1104080S/L 710 758 / 4169 790 / 4346 517 / 3756 379 / 2084 395 / 2173 259 / 1878 253 / 1390 264 / 1449 171 / 1252080S/L 800 861 / 4736 898 / 4937 576 / 4221 431 / 2368 449 / 2469 288 / 2110 288 / 1579 300 / 1646 192 / 1407080S/L 890 — / — — / — 642 / 4706 — / — — / — 321 / 2353 — / — — / — 214 / 1569142M/L 890 863 / 4746 900 / 4948 645 / 4726 432 / 2373 450 / 2474 323 / 2363 288 / 1582 300 / 1649 215 / 1575142M/L 980 966 / 5314 1008 / 5540 716 / 5251 483 / 2657 504 / 2770 358 / 2625 322 / 1771 336 / 1847 239 / 1750142M/L 1080 1075 / 5912 1121 / 6163 807 / 5917 538 / 2956 561 / 3082 404 / 2959 358 / 1971 374 / 2054 269 / 1972142M/L/E 1220 1208 / 6645 1260 / 6927 895 / 6564 604 / 3323 630 / 3464 448 / 3282 403 / 2215 420 / 2309 299 / 2188142M/L/E 1420 1345 / 7398 1402 / 7712 1041 / 7634 673 / 3699 701 / 3856 521 / 3817 449 / 2466 468 / 2571 347 / 2545210L 1610 1318 / 7244 1373 / 7551 1146 / 8402 659 / 3622 687 / 3775 573 / 4201 440 / 2415 458 / 2517 382 / 2801210L 1760 1471 / 8090 1534 / 8433 1286 / 9432 736 / 4045 767 / 4216 643 / 4716 490 / 2697 512 / 2811 429 / 3144210L 1900 1634 / 8987 1704 / 9369 1421 / 10421 817 / 4494 852 / 4684 711 / 5211 545 / 2996 568 / 3123 474 / 3474210L 2100 1802 / 9906 1878 / 10326 1509 / 11067 901 / 4953 939 / 5163 755 / 5534 601 / 3302 626 / 3442 503 / 3689250E 2300 1948 / 10710 2030 / 11165 1640 / 11930 974 / 5355 1015 / 5583 820 / 5965 650 / 3570 677 / 3722 547 / 3977250E 2500 2145 / 11794 2236 / 12295 1790 / 13060 1073 / 5897 1118 / 6147 895 / 6530 715 / 3931 746 / 4098 597 / 4353210D 1610 1373 / 7550 1403 / 7719 1148 / 8421210D 1850 1623 / 8927 1659 / 9126 1311 / 9613 Not Applicable Not Applicable210D 2100 1870 / 10282 1911 / 10511 1471 / 10784250D 2100 1877 / 10325 1919 / 10555 1471 / 10784250D 2300 2030 / 11164 2075 / 11413 1628 / 11935 Not Applicable Not Applicable250D 2500 2235 / 12294 2285 / 12568 1782 / 1306625