An Agency of the European Union

Your safety is our mission.

Vasileios STEFANIOROS – EASAEASA Senior Expert - Aerodromes

EASA Regulations on GRF

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Overview

Regulatory Process

Aerodromes

Air Operations & Performance Data

Implementation

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Regulatory Process

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Regulatory Process - GeneralRunwayExcursions :a continuingproblem

Among theContributingFactors•Runway surface

condition•The way it is

assessed andreported

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Regulatory Process - General

TALPA ARC2009

ICAO : Global ReportingFormat (GRF)

2016 (applicable 2020)

Rulemakingon-going

Many recommendations from accidents/incidents investigations

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Safety Recommendations to EASA→ AIB Norway following 30 investigated runway excursions on

contaminated runways→ “ICAO, FAA, EASA and CAA Norway should review and validate the

permitted measuring (validity) ranges for approved friction measuringdevices (SR: 2011/08T)”

→ “ICAO, FAA, EASA and CAA Norway should consider revising the SNOWTAMtable to reduce the degree of friction uncertainty (SR: 2011/09T)”

→ “ICAO should initiate an updating and revision of the Airport ServicesManual on the basis of the results of investigations of runway excursionsand recent research findings”

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Safety Recommendations to EASA→ AIB Sweden following a runway excursion on 6/4/2016→ “EASA is recommended to introduce generic performance corrections for

aeroplane operations on surfaces contaminated with slush or water”→ “EASA is recommended to review the feasibility of changing the method of

reporting from airports in terms of friction coefficients, so that measuredvalues are reported as unreliable under certain conditions”

→ European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Excursions→ “Establish and implement one consistent method of contaminated runway

surface condition assessment and reporting by the aerodrome operator foruse by aircraft operators. Ensure the relation of this report to aircraftperformance as published by aircraft operators”

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Regulatory Process - EASA

Multidisciplinary approach 4 different rulemaking tasksaddressing:

Air Operations / IAWRMT.0296 Review of the aeroplaneperformance requirements for air

operations &Standards for performance data at TA

AerodromesRMT.0703 Runway Safety,

RMT.0704 Runway surface conditionassessment and reporting

ATM/ANS, AIS and Rules of the airRMT.0477 Technical requirements

and operational procedures foraeronautical information services and

aeronautical informationmanagement

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Regulatory Process - EASA

Principles

• Follow ICAO provisions• To support global application and implement the GRF

• Keep a balance between implementing rules (IR), acceptable means of compliance(AMC) and guidance material (GM)• Reviewing and analysing every ICAO provision• Basic principles of the GRF kept at rule level to prohibit deviations• Procedural issues included in the acceptable means of compliance to allow some

flexibility in the implementation• Extensive guidance material provided in order to explain the GRF

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Regulatory Process - EASA

Opinion 2/2018 –Changes to Reg. (EU)

2017/373 – AIS & MET

Opinion 2/2019 –Changes to Reg. (EU)

965/2012 – AirOperations

Opinion 3/2019 - Changes toReg. (EU) 139/2014 –

Aerodromes & Reg. (EU)923/2012 – Standardized

European Rules of the Air &Reg. (EU) 2017/373 –

ATM/ANS

Upcoming ED Decisions –CS/AMC/GM

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Aerodromes

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Aerodromes - 1

• Publication of friction measurements is not allowed• Friction measurements are not correlated with aeroplane

performance data• Performance standards for friction measurement devices do not

exist• Friction measurements can be used in a comparative way for

upgrade or downgrade of the runway condition code but alwaysin combination with other observations

Friction measurements

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Aerodromes - 2

• Addition of two (2) new terms for describing runway surface condition• Specially prepared winter runway

• Runway covered with compacted snow or ice, which has received specialtreatment and has improved friction characteristics (RWYCC greater than 3)

• Slippery wet• Associated with RWYCC 3 when the runway is wet and below the minimum friction

level• Changes to the SNOWTAM Format

• To include the two terms above• To simplify the situational awareness section in order to avoid long NOTAM strings

Definitions - SNOWTAM

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Aerodromes - 3

• Changes to the METAR Format• Removal of runway surface conditions

• Obligation of the PIC to report back when braking actionencountered is not as good as reported

• Obligation of the ATS to report to the aerodrome operatorwhen a pilot indicates that the braking action is not as goodas reported.

METAR – Reporting

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Air Operations & Performance Data

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Air operations & Performance data - 1

• (a) No approach to land shall be continued unless the landing distanceavailable (LDA) on the intended runway is at least 115 % of the landingdistance at the estimated time of landing, determined in accordance with theperformance information for the assessment of the landing distance at timeof arrival (LDTA) and the approach to land is performed with performanceclass A aeroplanes that are certified in accordance with either of thefollowing certification specifications, as indicated in the type-certificate:• (1) CS-25 or equivalent;• (2) CS-23 at level 4 with performance level “High speed” or equivalent.

CAT.OP.MPA.303 – LDTA assessment

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Air operations & Performance data - 2

• Whenever the runway braking action encounteredduring the landing roll is not as good as thatreported by the aerodrome operator in the runwaycondition report (RCR), the commander shall notifythe air traffic services (ATS) by means of a specialair-report (AIREP) as soon as practicable.

CAT.OP.MPA.311 – pilot reports

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• PERFORMANCE INFORMATION FOR THE ASSESSMENT OFLDTA• Approved data (iaw new CS-25-1592 on landing)• Supplementary data (list of alternatives when approved

data are not available)• Generic Factors (as per APM/TALPA when no data at all

are available)

AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.303(e) – performance data

Air operations & Performance data - 3

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• Uncouple take-off performance (kept in CS 25.1591) from landingperformance

• Consistency with new RWY surface descriptors and correlation betweenrunway codes and braking action

• Assumptions for time or arrival assessment (on all rwy conditions)• Performance data for dispatch on dry and wet runways remain as per CS-

25.125• Performance data for dispatch on “wet slippery” and contaminated runways

under CS-25.1592

CS 25.1592 – performance standards

Air operations & Performance data - 4

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Implementation

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Implementation - 1

Adoption of allRegulations byearly 2020• Some adopted in

2019

In the mean time• Safety promotion to

raise awareness• Focus on training• Support the

development ofstandards forautomated systemsfor runway surfaceconditionsassessments

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Implementation - 2

AerodromesDifferent level of experience

and exposure on operations oncontaminated runways

Management ofchange

How to ensureaccurate

assessments,especially at busy

runways

OEMsAvailability of

performance datafor all a/c types

AirOperators

Management ofchange Training

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Implementation - 3

Standardisationinspection reports

Number ofaccidents and

serious incidentsrelated to the

runway surfaceconditions

Reports fromaerodromeoperators and airoperatorsconcerning thevalidity of the GRF• Surveys• Interviews

An Agency of the European Union

Your safety is our mission.easa.europa.eu/connect

aerodromes@easa.europa.eu

Thank you very much for your attention