Eco-organic farming in Eco-organic farming in Estonia: institutions, Estonia: institutions,

supply, environmental supply, environmental public goods and integrated public goods and integrated

sustainable development sustainable development planning in rural areasplanning in rural areas

Ahto OjaAhto Oja

IDARI PHD student IDARI PHD student ESTONIAESTONIA

CONTENTCONTENT

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

1.1. SUPPLYSUPPLY

2.2. EXTERNAL PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNAL PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSBENEFITS

3.3. INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

ESTONIAESTONIATOTAL POPULATION 1,4 MILLION, TOTAL POPULATION 1,4 MILLION, ONE THIRD RUSSIAN SPEAKING, ONE THIRD RUSSIAN SPEAKING,

CAPITAL CAPITAL - TALLINN- TALLINN

L Ä Ä N E M E R IB A L T I C S E A

L I I V I L A H TG U L F O F R I G A

S O O M E L A H TG U L F O F F I N L A N D

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V E N E M A AR U S S I A

© REGIO 2000

IntroductionIntroduction

Total area of Estonia ~4 500 000 haTotal area of Estonia ~4 500 000 ha Agricultural land ~ 1 million hectarAgricultural land ~ 1 million hectar Organically farmed 30 600 ha in 2002Organically farmed 30 600 ha in 2002

The growth 7,5 times during last 4 years The growth 7,5 times during last 4 years TThe number of eco-organic farmers has he number of eco-organic farmers has

increased from 89 to 583 from 1999 to increased from 89 to 583 from 1999 to 2002 in Estonia2002 in Estonia

22/3 out of 583 have cattle, but only 136 /3 out of 583 have cattle, but only 136 have certificate to sell organic meathave certificate to sell organic meat

Land use types of Estonian organic farms in 2002 (modified from Ader, Land use types of Estonian organic farms in 2002 (modified from Ader, 2003) expressed in hectares and as a percentage of total area under 2003) expressed in hectares and as a percentage of total area under

organic production in Estonia. organic production in Estonia.

Land use type Area of the land use, ha % from total organic farming land use

Annual and perennial grass 17 767 58.06

Cereal and legumen 4713 15.40

Natural grassland 4480 14.64

Fallow ploughed in autumn 1687 5.51

Orchard, berries patch and nursery garden

403 1.32

Potatoes 231 0.76

Green manure plants 220 0.72

Vegetables, technical crops,

163 0.53

Not in use land 936 3.06

Total 30 600 100

SSupplyupply

Demand for organic products has Demand for organic products has increased increased

new opportunities to export organic new opportunities to export organic produceproduce

The area of land cultivated The area of land cultivated organically will rise in the near future organically will rise in the near future in Estonia, in Estonia,

Economic aspects (effectiveness, Economic aspects (effectiveness, competitiveness) are not competitiveness) are not investigated in Estonian contextinvestigated in Estonian context

Eco-organic agriculture and external effectsEco-organic agriculture and external effects

EExternal benefits and costs xternal benefits and costs associated with eco-organic farmingassociated with eco-organic farming

recreation benefitsrecreation benefits ecological functionsecological functions:: landscapelandscape nutrient leachingnutrient leaching soil erosionsoil erosion

Eco-organic farming institutionsEco-organic farming institutions

The Law on Organic Farming The Law on Organic Farming Estonian Organic Farming DatabaseEstonian Organic Farming Database Estonian Foundation for Organic Estonian Foundation for Organic

FarmingFarming Association of the Organic Producers Association of the Organic Producers

of Estoniaof Estonia Informal:Informal:

Traditional farming methodsTraditional farming methods www.sahver.ee www.sahver.ee

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

SupplySupply Determine the economic viability of Determine the economic viability of

eco-organic production eco-organic production

Estimate the opportunity costs of Estimate the opportunity costs of developing the sector developing the sector

Evaluate the willingness of land Evaluate the willingness of land managers to supply eco-organic managers to supply eco-organic products;products;

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESEco-organic agriculture and external effectsEco-organic agriculture and external effects

Evaluate and quantify the supply of non-Evaluate and quantify the supply of non-market environmental goods and services market environmental goods and services

TThe cost ofhe cost of non-market environmental non-market environmental

benefitsbenefits

MMeasure easure the public demand and the public demand and preferences for non-market preferences for non-market environmental goods and services environmental goods and services

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES Eco-organic farming institutionsEco-organic farming institutions

Establish the attitudes to eco-organic Establish the attitudes to eco-organic production production

Assess the compliance of Estonian Assess the compliance of Estonian traditional farming methods with eco-traditional farming methods with eco-organic farming certified requirementsorganic farming certified requirements

Ascertain the formal and informal Ascertain the formal and informal obstaclesobstacles

Find out the impact of EUFind out the impact of EU and and governmental governmental support mechanisms support mechanisms

Propose policy initiativesPropose policy initiatives

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Eco-organic farming institutionsEco-organic farming institutions

AnalyseAnalyse the policy integration the policy integration

Assess the level of participationAssess the level of participation

THANK YOU VERY THANK YOU VERY MUCH!MUCH!

The average size and number of eco-organic farms in The average size and number of eco-organic farms in Estonia at the end of 2002 (modified from Ader 2003). Estonia at the end of 2002 (modified from Ader 2003).

Area of land cultivated according to the

principles of organic farming, ha

Number of farms% from total number

of organic farms

<2 18 3.1

2.1-5 36 6.2

5.1-10 63 10.8

10.1-20 129 22.1

20.1-30 97 16.6

30.1-50 99 17.0

50.1-100 70 12.0

100.1-200 36 6.2

>200 35 6.0

Total 583 100