Ecology Test Review

By harel and alex (:

Define & give examples

• Autotroph• Heterotroph

• Producer• Consumer• Decomposer

Define & give examples• AutotrophProducers that make their own food• HeterotrophConsumers and decomposers

• Producer make their own food• Consumer eat other organisms for food• Decomposer break down dead organisms for food

Label the parts of the food chain

Label the parts of the food chain

Use the food web to find:

•2 autotrophs•2 heterotrophs

•Consumer•Herbivore•Carnivore

Use the food web to find:

•2 autotrophsGrass, shrub, tree•2 heterotrophsFungi, squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit, shrew, deer, mountain lion•ConsumerSquirrel, shrew, grass hopper, deer, etc•HerbivoreDeer, rabbit, grasshopper•Carnivore Bird, snake, shrew, hawk, lion,

Use the food web to find:

•If 30,000 kcal of energy is in the shrub, how much is available to the

mountain lion?

To the hawk?

Use the food web to find:

•If 30,000 kcal of energy is in the shrub, how much is available to the mountain lion? 3 kcal300 kcal•To the hawk?30 kcal300 kcal300 kcal

Use the food web to find:

•What level consumer is the grasshopper

•What level consumer is the hawk

Use the food web to find:

•What level consumer is the grasshopper1st level consumer

•What level consumer is the hawk2nd level consumer (thru squirrel)3rd level consumer(grasshoppershrew)

Use the food web to find:

•What do the arrows in the food web represent•Describe two competition relationships in the ecosystem•What is the source of energy in the food web?

Use the food web to find:

•What do the arrows in the food web representMovement of energy•Describe two competition relationships in the ecosystemRabbit and grasshopper compete for grassSnake and hawk compete for shrew•What is the source of energy in the food web?SUN

• What is the difference between the energy moves in the food web and the way matter moves in the food web

• What is the difference between the energy moves in the food web and the way matter moves in the food web

Energy moves in one direction and is not recycled

Matter is recycled.

Video analysishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6cgjfxWG-8

Identify: cooperationAbiotic factor producerBiotic factor consumerPredator population (specific)PreyHeterotroph community (specific)HerbivoreCarnivore primary consumer

secondary consumer

Video analysishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6cgjfxWG-8

Identify: cooperation: cheetahs hunting together

Abiotic factorAnything nonliving: temp

Rainfall, soil content producer: grasses, trees

Biotic factorAnything living: grass, cheetah

Zebra, bird consumer: zebra, cheetah, bird

Predator cheetah population (specific): herd of zebra, field of grasses, pack of cheetah

Prey: zebra

Heterotroph: zebra, bird, cheetah community (specific): all the grass, trees, zebra, cheetah, bird

Herbivore: zebra

Carnivore: cheetah primary consumer: zebra

secondary consumer: cheetah

• Create a food chain using the video

• Identify the niche of the cheetah

• Create a food chain using the video greas zebra cheetah• Identify the niche of the cheetahCheetah is consumer. It is also a top predator.

It eats zebra, hunts in a group, and runs down its prey in an open area. It lives in grasslands

What is the relationship betweenAquatic and Terrestrial food webs?

How do pollutants move througha food web?

What is the relationship betweenAquatic and Terrestrial food webs?Aquatic and terrestrial food websConnected. Some terrestrial organismseat organisms that live in aquatic Ecosystems (bears eat salmon). Some aquatic organisms eatorganisms that live in terrestrial ecosystems (fish eat flying insects)

How do pollutants move througha food web?Toxins increase in concentration asYou move up a food chain/web. Ateach level the consumer gets a biggerdose with each meal. This isBioaccumulation and Biomagnification

N & C cycles

• Organism vital to the nitrogen cycle• Why do we need nitrogen?• How to we get it?• Can you recreate it generally?

N & C cycles

• Organism vital to the nitrogen cycle bacteria• Why do we need nitrogen? Proteins and DNA• How to we get it? Consuming other organisms• Can you recreate it generally?Nitrogen is removed from the air (you can’s use it in that form)

by bacteria…Fixing. Nitrogen compounds are changed to a useable form for plants by bacteria…nitrification. Other animals get nitrogen by consuming. Nitrogen is returned to N₂ gas by bacteria…denitrification

N & C cycles

• Abiotic source of carbon?• How does it move from abiotic into living

organisms?

• Processes that return carbon to abiotic environment

N & C cycles

• Abiotic source of carbon? CO₂ in the air• How does it move from abiotic into living

organisms? Plants move it into living organisms through photosynthesis

CO ₂ + H ₂O C₂H₁₂O₆ + O₂• Processes that return carbon to abiotic

environment combustion, respiration, decomposition

Define these relationships

• Competition• Cooperation• Predator/prey• symbiosis

Define these relationships• Competition organisms (can be the same or different

species) that both need the same LIMITED resource (food, shelter, mates, space)

• Cooperation organisms of the same species that work together for the same purpose. Ex: are colony organisms like ants/termites/beavers, animals that hunt together

• Predator/prey one organisms hunts and kills another for food

• Symbiosis two organisms that are DIFFERENT species that live together in a close relationship. At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

Symbiotic relationships

Mutualism

Parasitism

Symbiotic relationships

MutualismSymbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

ParasitismSymbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)

• Clownfish are frequently found in the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea anemones capture their prey by paralyzing them with their tentacles. However, the clownfish produces a mucus that prevents the tentacles from harming it. By dwelling amongst the tentacles the clownfish receives a protected home. This relationship is an example of …

• Clownfish are frequently found in the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea anemones capture their prey by paralyzing them with their tentacles. However, the clownfish produces a mucus that prevents the tentacles from harming it. By dwelling amongst the tentacles the clownfish receives a protected home. This relationship is an example of …

Symbiotic Mutualism

• Lampreys are primitive fish with limited digestive systems. They attach to and feed on the body fluids of fish with more advanced digestive systems, often leading to the death of the host fish. This relationship is an example of…

• Lampreys are primitive fish with limited digestive systems. They attach to and feed on the body fluids of fish with more advanced digestive systems, often leading to the death of the host fish. This relationship is an example of…

Symbiotic parasitism

Farmers and gardeners need toproperly space plants so they canall grow successfully

Farmers and gardeners need toproperly space plants so they canall grow successfully

competition

Termites live in colonies. They have several roles within the colonysome tend to the queen, somecare for eggs, some scavenge for food and water

Termites live in colonies. They have several roles within the colonysome tend to the queen, somecare for eggs, some scavenge for food and water

cooperation

• What is the difference between predation and parasitism?

• What is the difference between predation and parasitism?

In predation one organism is purposely killed for food.

In parasitism the host is HARMED because it is USED. The purpose of parasitism is NOT to kill the host.