Economic Planning in India (2) (1)

8/4/2019 Economic Planning in India (2) (1)

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Group No 5

Rachit Shukla(124)

Farhan Khan(36)

Vivek Agarwal(62)

John Pullack(136)

Nikhil Gupta(136)

Rajan Samrat(126)

Economic Planning In India(With special reference to the five year plans)


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Flow of the Presentation

What is Economic Planning?

Why Economic Planning?

Who does it?

Five Year Plans in India

11th five year plan in India

Industry Specific Details of the funds spend till date

Failure in Economic Planning


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What is Economic Planning?

Economic

Planning

Resources

Priorities

Time

Economic Planning isdefined as conceiving,initiating, regulatingand controlling

economic activities bythe State according tothe set priorities in anattempt to achieve

social or economicoutcomes within agiven time.


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Why Economic Planning?

Efficient utilization of resources

Market imperfections and price distortions

Maximisation of National Income

Full Employment

Equitable distribution of income

Price Stability

Larger savings and investment

Social Justice


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Who Does It?

NationalDevelopment

Council

PlanningCommission


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Planning Commission

Setup on March 15, 1950

Assessment of material, capital and human resources of thecountry.

Formulation of plans for the most effective and balancedutilization of countrys resources.

To determine the various stages of planning and to proposethe allocation of resources on the priority basis.

To act as an advisory body to the Union Government.

To evaluate from time to time the progress achieved inevery stage of the plan and also to suggest remedialmeasures.

To advise the Centre and the State Governments from timeto time on special matters referred to the Commission.


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National Development Council

It was set up on August 6, 1952. The PM is the ex officio chairmanof NDC

All the plans made by the Planning Commission have to beapproved by National Development Council first

To prescribe guidelines for the formulation of the National Plan as

well as for the assessment of resources for the Plan. To consider the National Plan as formulated by the Planning

Commission and endorse its development strategy.

To consider important questions of social and economic policyaffecting the countrys development

To periodically review the working of the Plan and to recommendsuch measures as are necessary for achieving the aims and targetsset out in the National Plan.


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The First Five Year Plan (1951-56): Target of GDP growth - 2.1% per year.

Actual growth of GDP had been 3.6% per year.

Projects related to irrigation-the Mettur Dam, Bhakra Dam, and Hirakud Dam.

Rehabilitation of landless agricultural workers

Emphasis on agriculture and rehabilitation of refugees

Improvement of roads, civil aviation, railways, telegraphs, and posts.

The Second Five Year Plan (1956-61):

Economy reached a stage where agriculture can be assigned lower priority

Forward thrust given for the development of heavy and basic industries

Big push so that economy takes off Industrial policy 1956 announced

Rapid industrialization- emphasis on development of heavy and basic industries- iron and

steel, heavy chemicals, heavy engineering and machine building

Plan was moderately successful


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The Third Five Year Plan (1961-66): Aimed at the establishment of a self reliant and self generating economy.

High priority was assigned to the agricultural sector and development of heavyindustries.

However, the approach had to be shifted to defense due to conflicts with China(1962) and Pakistan(1965).

The construction of dams continued. Many cement and fertilizer plants were alsobuilt. Punjab began producing an abundance of wheat.

The target growth rate of GDP and achieved was 4.5% and 4.3% respectively.

The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74):

Aimed at annual growth rate of 5.5 %

Self reliance and provide a national minimum

First 2 yrs were good then it failed

Failure of monsoons, decline in food grain production, decline in industrialproduction, rise in prices and then Indo Pak war in 1972

Able to achieve only 3.4% GNP growth against target of 5.5%

A failed plan


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Five Year Plans in IndiaThe Fifth Five Year Plan (1961-66):

Stress was laid on employment, poverty alleviation, and justice

Sectors such as food, oil, and fertilizers prices sky-rocketed.

Attaining self-reliance in food and energy top priority.

The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural production and defenceFood grain production above

118 million tons

The Indian national highway system was introduced accommodate the increasing traffic. Tourism also

expanded.

Indian exports crossed 18%, and the large earnings from exports

The Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985):

At the onset Rajiv Gandhi, prioritized speedy industrial development, special emphasis on information

technology sector.

From the Fifth Five Year Plan, the nation had self sufficiency in food.

Industrial sector was diversified, science and technology made a significant advance.

Programs on improvement of public health and epidemic control to reduce infant mortality and increase

life expectancy.

Investments in Indian healthcare sector.

Promote education

Broadly the plan a success - achieved average growth rate of 5.5%


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Five Year Plans in IndiaThe Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990):

The Seventh Plan marked the comeback of the Congress Party to power

Making India an Independent Economy

Social Justice

Removal of oppression of the weak

Using modern technology

Agricultural development Anti-poverty programs

Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter

Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers

Period between 1989-91

Political instability in India and hence no five year plan was implemented Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans

In 1991, India faced a crisis in Forex reserves, left with reserves of only about US$1 billion. Thus,

under pressure, the country took the risk of reforming the socialist economy

Dr. Manmohan Singh launched India's free market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt

nation back from the edge

It was the beginning of privatisation and liberalisation in India.


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The Eight Five Year Plan (1992-1997):

Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the Eighth Plan

Severe economic crisis due to balance of payment crisis

Correction of the burgeoning deficit and foreign debt

This plan can be termed as Rao and Manmohan model of Economic development

The major objectives included, containing population growth, poverty reduction,employment generation, strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional building,tourism management, Human Resource development, Involvement of Panchayatraj, Nagarapalikas, N.G.O'S and Decentralisation and people's participation

Fiscal reforms were initiated

Energy was given priority with 26.6% of the outlay An average annual growth rate of 6.7% against the target 5.6% was achieved


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Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) Focus was on growth with social justice

Priority to agriculture and rural development

Eradication of poverty

GDP growth of 6.5 % per annum

Achieved only 5.35% GDP growth rate

Tenth plan (2002-2007):

Target of GDP growth, 2002-7: 8 %

Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 % by 2007 and by 15% by 2012

Gainful employment to the addition to labor force over the Tenth Plan

Universal access to primary education by 2007

Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2% Increase in literacy to 75% by 2007

Reduction of infant mortality rate to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by 2012

Reduction of maternal mortality ratio to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 1 by 2012

Increase in forest & tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012

All villages - access to potable drinking water by 2012

Cleaning all major polluted rivers by 2007 & other notified stretches by 2012


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11th Five Year Plan

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh termed as Indias

Educational Plan.

Cleared on 9th November 2007.

Aimed at 9% growth rate.

Highest priority to agriculture, education and health.

Total outlay of the plan ` 36,44,718 crore of whichbudgetary support will be

`14,21,711 crore.

Agriculture growth at 4% per year.


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11th Five Year Plan


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11th Five Year Plan

Income & Poverty Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th

Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17

Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year to ensure a broader spreadof benefits

Create 70 million new work opportunities.

Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%. Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 percent.

Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by 10 percentage points.

Education Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04

to 20% by 2011-12 Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school,

and by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality

Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or above to 85%

Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage point

Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the

present 10% to 15% by the end of the plan


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11th Five Year Plan

Health Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000

live births

Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1

Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-backs

Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan

Women and Children Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17

Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of allgovernment schemes are women and girl children

Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion towork


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11th Five Year Plan

Infrastructure Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and

round-the-clock power.

Ensure all-weather road connection to all habitation with population 1000 andabove (500 in hilly and tribal areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of allsignificant habitation by 2015

Connect every village by telephone by November 2007 and providebroadband connectivity to all villages by 2012

Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the pace of houseconstruction for rural poor to cover all the poor by 2016-17

Environment

Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points. Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12.

Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters.

Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.


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Achievement in the educationsector in 11th plan ( till 31.12.2009)

Activity Targets for 11th Plan Achievements duringthe first 3 years

Opening of Primary

Schools

20000 29850

Opening of UpperPrimary Schools

70000 49920

Construction of AdditionalClassrooms

887000 631360

Drinking Water Facilities 68000 26209

Toilet Facilities 204000 83641

Teachers sanctioned 818831 181949


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Expenditure of the 11th Plan in

Health Sector


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Rural Development


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Infrastructure Development


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Science and Technology


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Failures in Planning

Inefficiency of production in many publicsector companies

Inefficiency in the generation of power,

fertilizers. Inability to carry out effective land reforms,

still traditional methods of agriculture in so

many areas Inability to bridge economic disparity

Failure to check growth of black money


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Thank You !!

Documents

Economic Planning in India (2) (1)