Economic sectors

Lesson 1 of 2

Economic Activity and EnergyIntroduction

Lesson Objectives

• Define and illustrate primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary sectors.

• Give examples of different job types• Describe variations in sectoral

balance between countries.

There are many different types of industry. We can classify industry into three main categories:

Secondary

These industries provide a service.

These industries extract raw materials directly from the earth or sea.

These industries process and manufacture products from raw materials.

Primary Tertiary

How can industrial activity be classified?

Classification of industry

There are also quaternary industries.

These industries incorporate a high degree of research and technology in their processes and employ highly qualified people.

Biotechnology and computer programming are examples of quaternary industries.

What is a quaternary industry?

Plenary

4. Economic activity and energy(a) Study Figure 4(a) which shows the factors influencing the choice of location of a new factory.

(i) To which economic sector does Figure 4(a) refer? Put a cross in the box next tothe correct answer.Primary secondarytertiaryquaternary

Illustrate how you think the four sectors relate together in the production of cotton

clothes, part of the fashion industry.

Your turn…The 4 Sectors of Industry are interrelated. An individual industry will often use more than one sector in order to produce products.

PRIMARYCotton is grown and picked on a cotton

farm SECONDARYCotton is processed to cloth, which is, in turn,

sewn in to clothing.

TERTIARYCotton clothes (e.g. jeans, shirts etc) are sold in high street

shops.

COTTON IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY...

QUATERNARY: Research is carried out in to new ways of

processing or growing cotton. e.g. organic cotton.

The entire fashion industry involves a great number of different products and services, all of which can be classified according to industrial

sector...

Models and fashion shows

Leather manufacture in a tannery

A shoe factory in Hanoi

Sheep farming and sheering

for wool production

Cosmetics research

What is the development pathway?

The global economy

How do employment patterns differ between countries?

Classification of Countries from the World Bank, July 2012, on the basis of 2011 GNI per capita:•

1 - Low income: $1,025 or less 2 - Lower middle income: $1,026 to $4,0353 - Upper middle income: $4,036 to $12,4754 - High income: $12,476 or more

• Add to this classification the term “Newly industrialised country” (NIC) which is applied to countries that are experiencing industrialization and rapid economic growth, such as China, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.

• In an LIC, such as Mali, a high proportion of the active population works in primary industries, especially in farming. This type of country is in the pre-industrial phase.

• China is an NIC and has a strong manufacturing sector. It is in the industrial phase.

• HICs, such as Germany, are in the post-industrial phase.

Explain how and why the types of industriesfound in HIC may be different to those in a LIC.

(4 Marks)

P

EPE

A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population working within the Primary industry, whereas a LIC like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry.This is because primary jobs pay less so not many people in the UK are willing to do them.

Now try and get the other two marks.

Explain how and why the types of industriesfound in HIC may be different to those in a LIC.

(4 Marks)

P

EPE

A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population working within the Primary industry, whereas a LIC like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry.This is because primary jobs pay less so not many people in the UK are willing to do them.

Level 1 is a list (you can put a million level 1 answer but maximum marks you will get is 1 out of 4) –There is more primary industries in LIC.

Level 2 is point made with some explanation (you can put a million of level 2 answers but maximum marks you will get is 2 out of 4 - There is more primary industries in LIC than HIC, as these jobs pay less.

Level 3 is point made with detailed explanation (need 2 points explained in detail to get 4 marks) – A HIC like the UK has only 2% of the population working within the Primary industry, whereas a LIC like Ethiopia has 75% of people in this industry. This is because primary jobs pay less so not many people in the UK are willing to do them.